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Han L, Wu W, Chen X, Gu M, Li J, Chen M, Zhou Y. The derivation of soil generic assessment criteria for polychlorinated biphenyls under the agricultural land scenario in Pearl and Yangtze River Delta regions, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 871:162015. [PMID: 36746284 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The agricultural soils in China are suffered from serious polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) contamination, however, the valid management standards for farmland are absent to efficiently control the health risks of PCBs exposure. This study analyzed the contamination characteristics and main composition of PCBs in agricultural soils of the southeastern China from the published literature over the past 20 years, and derived the regional generic assessment criteria (GAC) using an exposure modelling approach for individual and total PCBs (∑PCBs) via multiple exposure pathways such as ingestion of soil and dust, consumption of vegetables, dermal contact with soil and dust, ingestion of soil attached to vegetables, and inhalation of soil vapour and soil-derived dust outdoors under the agricultural land scenario. It is identified that the averaged ∑PCBs concentration of 80.03 ng g-1 under the 95 % lower confidence limit with an unacceptable health risk of 4.8 × 10-6 has significantly exceeded the integrated generic assessment criteria (expressed as GACint) of 16.5 ng g-1. Accordingly, the exposure pathways from the consumption of agricultural produces and indirect ingestion of soil attached to vegetables contributed up to 62 %-88 % of the total exposure, followed by 11 %-33 % of the soil ingestion and 2 %-6 % of dermal contact. The derived GACint for ∑PCBs is extremely valuable to effectively assess and manage the PCBs contamination in agricultural soils of China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Han
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Soil and Groundwater Remediation of Contaminated Sites, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Wenpei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Soil and Groundwater Remediation of Contaminated Sites, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xueyan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Soil and Groundwater Remediation of Contaminated Sites, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Mingyue Gu
- Nanjing Kaiye Environmental Technology Co Ltd, 8 Yuanhua Road, Innovation Building 106, Nanjing University Science Park, Nanjing 210034, China
| | - Jing Li
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Soil and Groundwater Remediation of Contaminated Sites, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Mengfang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Soil and Groundwater Remediation of Contaminated Sites, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China.
| | - Youya Zhou
- Technical Centre for Soil, Agriculture and Rural Ecology and Environment, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing 100012, China.
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Bonato T, Beggio G, Pivato A, Piazza R. Maize plant (Zea mays) uptake of organophosphorus and novel brominated flame retardants from hydroponic cultures. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 287:132456. [PMID: 34606891 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The root uptake and root-shoot translocation of seven organophosphorus flame retardants (OPFRs) and four novel brominated flame retardants (NBFRs) were assessed in this investigation using hydroponic grown maize plants (Zea mays). Three initial liquid concentrations for each considered compound were examined (i.e., 0.3 μg L-1, 3 μg L-1, 30 μg L-1). The results indicated that the 30 μg L-1 treatments were phytotoxic, as they resulted in a significant decrease in shoot dry weight. Plant-driven removal of the tested FRs decreased with the increasing initial spiking level and were reportedly higher for the NBFRs (range 42%-10%) than OPFRs (range 19%-7%). All the considered FRs were measured in the roots (range 0.020-6.123 μg g-1 dry weight -DW-) and shoots (range 0.012-1.364 μg g-1 DW) of the tested plants, confirming that there was uptake. Linear relationships were identified between the chemical concentrations in the plant parts and the tested hydroponic concentrations. Root concentration factors were positively correlated with the specific lipophilicity (i.e., logKow) of the tested FRs and were determined to be higher for the NBFRs than the OPFRs. The NBFRs had a higher root uptake rate than the OPFRs, and this trend was more significant with the increasing treatment concentrations. Shoot/root concentration factors were found to be lower than the unity value for 10 of the 11 tested compounds. These results can be related to the specific molecular configurations and the occurrence of different functional groups in the tested compounds. The results will help to improve risk assessment procedures and fine tune our understanding of human receptor responses to the ingestion of maize crops grown on agricultural sites irrigated with water contaminated by FRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziano Bonato
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics (DAIS), Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, Venezia Mestre, 30172, Venice, Italy
| | - Giovanni Beggio
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering (DICEA), University of Padova, Via Marzolo 9, 35131, Padova, Italy.
| | - Alberto Pivato
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering (DICEA), University of Padova, Via Marzolo 9, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Rossano Piazza
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics (DAIS), Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, Venezia Mestre, 30172, Venice, Italy
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Qi X, Li X, Yao H, Huang Y, Cai X, Chen J, Zhu H. Predicting plant cuticle-water partition coefficients for organic pollutants using pp-LFER model. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 725:138455. [PMID: 32315909 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Predicting plant cuticle-water partition coefficients (Kcw) and understanding the partition mechanisms are crucial to assess environmental fate and risk of organic pollutants. Up to now, experimental Kcw values are determined for only hundreds of compounds because of high experimental cost. For this reason, computational models, which can predict Kcw values based on chemical structures, are promising approaches to evaluate new compounds. In this study, a large dataset consisting of 279 logKcw values for 125 unique compounds were collected and curated. A poly-parameter linear free energy relationship (pp-LFER) model was developed with stepwise multiple linear regression based on this dataset. The resulted pp-LFER model has good predictability and robustness as indicated by determination coefficient (R2adj,tra) of 0.93, bootstrapping coefficient (Q2BOOT) of 0.92, external validation coefficient (Q2ext) of 0.94 and root mean square error of 0.52 log units. Contribution analysis of different interactions indicated that dispersion and hydrophobic interactions have the highest positive contribution (56%) to increase the partition of pollutants onto plant cuticles. In addition, for organic pollutions containing benzene ring (13-31%), double bond (9-17%) or nitrogen-containing heterocycles (9-17%), π/n-electron pairs interactions exhibit obvious positive contributions to logKcw. In conclusion, the proposed pp-LFER model is beneficial for predicting logKcw of potential organic pollutants directly from their molecular structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Qi
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Linggong Road 2, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Xuehua Li
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Linggong Road 2, Dalian 116024, China.
| | - Hongye Yao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Linggong Road 2, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Yang Huang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Linggong Road 2, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Xiyun Cai
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Linggong Road 2, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Jingwen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Linggong Road 2, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Hao Zhu
- Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Rutgers University, Camden, New Jersey, NJ 08102, USA; Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, Camden, New Jersey, NJ 08102, USA
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Yu H, Liu Y, Shu X, Ma L, Pan Y. Assessment of the spatial distribution of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in urban soil of China. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 243:125392. [PMID: 31995868 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Long-term (2004-2018) persistent organic pollutants (POPs) data were collected for urban soils of China. The dataset included concentrations of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in soils, comprising a range of different compounds. Understanding the source of OCP and PCB pollution is an important step in controlling and reducing pollution levels in the environment. This study aimed to analyze the spatio-temporal distribution, pollution sources, and potential health risks of OCPs and PCBs in urban soils in different regions of China. It was found that the total OCP concentrations ranged from 7.6 to 37331 μg/kg with a mean value of 2861 μg/kg, and PCBs concentrations ranged from 0.3 to 123467 μg/kg with a mean value of 4984 μg/kg. The highest OCP concentrations were observed in Beijing and Hebei, whereas the highest PCB concentrations were found in the Zhejiang province. The geographical distribution showed that the total mean concentration of POPs of urban soil was much higher in East China than in West China. According to the isomer ratios, about 64% of provinces and cities showed new sources of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) input and dicofol input was found in 30% of China. Hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) in urban soils was mainly derived from fresh usage of lindane (γ-HCH) in most regions of China. Lifetime carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks of OCPs and PCBs through ingestion, inhalation, and dermal contact indicated that PCBs in urban soils of China often exceeded safe levels. The total lifetime carcinogenic risk values of PCBs were higher than the individual lifetime acceptable risk level (10-4) in 64% of the studied regions and the non-carcinogenic risk values exceeded the target risk level (10-1) in 53% of the regions. The improved knowledge of the distribution and main pollution sources of POPs in urban soil of China as a result of this study can contribute to better decision-making support for soil pollution control and monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Yu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yongfeng Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Xingquan Shu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Limin Ma
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Yuwei Pan
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
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