[Traveller's diarrhoea]

Lactose versus Lactose Free Regimen in Children with Acute Diarrhea

BACKGROUND: Acute diarrhea (AD) is the most frequent gastroenterological disorder, and the main cause of dehydration in childhood, and it is one of the most important causes of morbidity and mortality in children. AIM: Assessment of lactose-free formula effect in nutritional treatment in formula-fed children with acute diarrhea. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A cross-section interventional study carried out on 60 formula-fed children, under two years, referring with acute diarrhea, 30 children obtain lactose-free formulation and 30 children with no lactose-containing formula. According to the period of diarrheal stop and weight, changes compering two groups. RESULTS: Thirty-two males and 28 females children (7.25 ± 5.1 months) included. Children with lactose-free formula had a significantly slighter dated to diarrhea relief compared with control group children (p < 0.01). No variance between two groups in weight change (6.9 ± 3.03 vs. 7.05 ± 3.07 kg, p = 0.2). (46.6%) of patients on Lactose free formula were discharged on the third post admission day, lactose-free formula has more effective recovery to those on cow milk formula (4.1 ± 1.2 vs. 6 ± 1.3 days, p < 0.01 significant). CONCLUSION: Quick giving of lactose-free formulation to children on formula feeding show rapid relief of acute diarrhea.

Modelling risk using Bayes theorem of infection by antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli in rural and urban populations of Ecuador

Strains of antibiotic-resistant bacteria have become more and more prevalent. This has attracted the attention of health agencies worldwide, leading to an urgent search for mechanisms to put a stop to this phenomenon. This study focuses on estimating the probability of a person in Ecuador (at potential risk) contracting an infection due to ampicillin-resistant Escherichia coli through the consumption of contaminated water, for which a residence area of people was considered in urban or rural areas. The analysis was carried out using the Bayes Theorem and the results show that in the rural population the probability of contracting an infection of this kind is 8.41% whilst in the urban area the probability is 3.57%. These results show an urgent need to provide safe water sources to the population, as well as to instigate an environmental legislation reform that allows for controlling the release of emerging pollutants, including antibiotics.