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Rivera A, Viñado B, Benito N, Docobo-Pérez F, Fernández-Cuenca F, Fernández-Domínguez J, Guinea J, López-Navas A, Moreno MÁ, Larrosa MN, Oliver A, Navarro F. Recommendations of the Spanish Antibiogram Committee (COESANT) for in vitro susceptibility testing of antimicrobial agents by disk diffusion. ENFERMEDADES INFECCIOSAS Y MICROBIOLOGIA CLINICA (ENGLISH ED.) 2023; 41:571-576. [PMID: 36610835 DOI: 10.1016/j.eimce.2022.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Disk diffusion is a well standardized method that provides reliable categorical results to guide antimicrobial therapy in numerous types of infections. Based on the guidelines of the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST), which are widely implemented in Spain, the Spanish Antibiogram Committee (COESANT) has drawn up recommendations for antimicrobial selection by the disk diffusion technique, including selective reporting and its use for the detection of resistance mechanisms. Factors affecting disk diffusion results, along with advantages and shortcomings of the method, are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Rivera
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Departamento de Genética y de Microbiología de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Belén Viñado
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Natividad Benito
- Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fernando Docobo-Pérez
- Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain; Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Red Española de Investigación en Patología Infecciosa (REIPI), Madrid, Spain
| | - Felipe Fernández-Cuenca
- Unidad Clínica de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Sevilla, Spain; Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Fernández-Domínguez
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Central de Asturias, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Guinea
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Servicio de Microbiología y Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio López-Navas
- Agencia Española de Medicamentos y Productos Sanitarios (AEMPS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Moreno
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Nieves Larrosa
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Red Española de Investigación en Patología Infecciosa (REIPI), Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Oliver
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Red Española de Investigación en Patología Infecciosa (REIPI), Madrid, Spain; Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Ferran Navarro
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Departamento de Genética y de Microbiología de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain.
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Gracia-Ahufinger I, López-González L, Vasallo FJ, Galar A, Siller M, Pitart C, Bloise I, Torrecillas M, Gijón-Cordero D, Viñado B, Castillo-García J, Campo R, Mulet X, Madueño-Alonso A, Chamizo-López FJ, Arrastia-Erviti M, Galán-Sánchez F, Fernández-Quejo M, Rodríguez-Díaz JC, Gutiérrez-Zufiaurre MN, Rodríguez-Maresca MA, Ortega-Lafont MDP, Yagüe-Guirao G, Chaves-Blanco L, Colomina-Rodríguez J, Vidal-Acuña MR, Portillo ME, Franco-Álvarez de Luna F, Centelles-Serrano MJ, Azcona-Gutiérrez JM, Delgado-Iribarren García Campero A, Rey-Cao S, Muñoz P, Calvo-Montes J, Zboromyrska Y, Grandioso D, Càmara J, Cantón R, Larrosa-Escartín N, Díaz-Regañón J, Martínez-Martínez L. The CARBA-MAP study: national mapping of carbapenemases in Spain (2014-2018). Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1247804. [PMID: 37744921 PMCID: PMC10516297 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1247804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Infections caused by carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) and carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa, including isolates producing acquired carbapenemases, constitute a prevalent health problem worldwide. The primary objective of this study was to determine the distribution of the different carbapenemases among carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE, specifically Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter cloacae complex, and Klebsiella aerogenes) and carbapenemase-producing P. aeruginosa (CPPA) in Spain from January 2014 to December 2018. Methods A national, retrospective, cross-sectional multicenter study was performed. The study included the first isolate per patient and year obtained from clinical samples and obtained for diagnosis of infection in hospitalized patients. A structured questionnaire was completed by the participating centers using the REDCap platform, and results were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics 29.0.0. Results A total of 2,704 carbapenemase-producing microorganisms were included, for which the type of carbapenemase was determined in 2692 cases: 2280 CPE (84.7%) and 412 CPPA (15.3%), most often using molecular methods and immunochromatographic assays. Globally, the most frequent types of carbapenemase in Enterobacterales and P. aeruginosa were OXA-48-like, alone or in combination with other enzymes (1,523 cases, 66.8%) and VIM (365 cases, 88.6%), respectively. Among Enterobacterales, carbapenemase-producing K. pneumoniae was reported in 1821 cases (79.9%), followed by E. cloacae complex in 334 cases (14.6%). In Enterobacterales, KPC is mainly present in the South and South-East regions of Spain and OXA-48-like in the rest of the country. Regarding P. aeruginosa, VIM is widely distributed all over the country. Globally, an increasing percentage of OXA-48-like enzymes was observed from 2014 to 2017. KPC enzymes were more frequent in 2017-2018 compared to 2014-2016. Discussion Data from this study help to understand the situation and evolution of the main species of CPE and CPPA in Spain, with practical implications for control and optimal treatment of infections caused by these multi-drug resistant organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Gracia-Ahufinger
- Unit of Microbiology, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Cordoba, Spain
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Research in Infectious Diseases (CIBERINFEC), Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura López-González
- Clinical Microbiology Service, IML, San Carlos Clinical University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
- Health Research Institute of the Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco José Vasallo
- Microbiology Service, Vigo University Hospital Complex (CHUVI), Vigo, Spain
- Health Research Institute Galicia Sur (IISGS), Vigo, Spain
| | - Alicia Galar
- Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- Health Research Institute Hospital Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- Medicine Department, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERes), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Siller
- Microbiology Service, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, Santander, Spain
- Marqués de Valdecilla Health Research Institute (IDIVAL), Santander, Spain
| | - Cristina Pitart
- Microbiology Service, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Basic Clinical Practice, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Global Health of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Iván Bloise
- Clinical Microbiology Department, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
- Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPaz), Madrid, Spain
| | - Miriam Torrecillas
- Clinical Microbiology Department, Bellvitge University Hospital, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Desirée Gijón-Cordero
- Microbiology Service, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute for Health Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Belén Viñado
- Microbiology Service, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
- Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier Castillo-García
- Microbiology Service, Lozano Blesa Clinical University Hospital, Zaragoza, Spain
- Institute for Health Research Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
- School of Medicine, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Rainer Campo
- Microbiology Service, Asturias Central University Hospital, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Xavier Mulet
- Center for Biomedical Research in Infectious Diseases (CIBERINFEC), Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Microbiology Service, Son Espases University Hospital, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- Institute for Health Research Illes Balears (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
| | - Ana Madueño-Alonso
- Microbiology Service, University Hospital of the Canary Islands, Tenerife, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | - Juan Carlos Rodríguez-Díaz
- Microbiology Service, General University Hospital Dr. Balmis, Alicante, Spain
- Health and Biomedical Research Institute of Alicante (ISABIAL), Alicante, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Genoveva Yagüe-Guirao
- Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, Murcia, Spain
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- Murcian Institute for Biomedical Research (IMIB), Murcia, Spain
| | - Lucía Chaves-Blanco
- Microbiology Service, San Cecilio Clinical University Hospital, Granada, Spain
| | | | | | - María Eugenia Portillo
- Clinical Microbiology Service, University Hospital of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Health Research Institute of Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | | | - María José Centelles-Serrano
- Microbiology Area, Clinical Laboratory, Hospital of Tortosa Virgen de la Cinta, Tortosa, Spain
- Institute for Health Research Pere Virgili, Tortosa, Spain
| | | | | | - Sonia Rey-Cao
- Microbiology Service, Vigo University Hospital Complex (CHUVI), Vigo, Spain
- Health Research Institute Galicia Sur (IISGS), Vigo, Spain
| | - Patricia Muñoz
- Center for Biomedical Research in Infectious Diseases (CIBERINFEC), Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- Health Research Institute Hospital Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- Medicine Department, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERes), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Calvo-Montes
- Center for Biomedical Research in Infectious Diseases (CIBERINFEC), Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Microbiology Service, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, Santander, Spain
- Marqués de Valdecilla Health Research Institute (IDIVAL), Santander, Spain
| | - Yuliya Zboromyrska
- Microbiology Service, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Basic Clinical Practice, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Grandioso
- Clinical Microbiology Department, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
- Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPaz), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jordi Càmara
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERes), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Basic Clinical Practice, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Clinical Microbiology Department, Bellvitge University Hospital, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
- Institut Investigacio Biomedica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Rafael Cantón
- Center for Biomedical Research in Infectious Diseases (CIBERINFEC), Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Microbiology Service, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute for Health Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Nieves Larrosa-Escartín
- Center for Biomedical Research in Infectious Diseases (CIBERINFEC), Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Microbiology Service, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
- Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Luis Martínez-Martínez
- Unit of Microbiology, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Cordoba, Spain
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Research in Infectious Diseases (CIBERINFEC), Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Soil Science and Microbiology, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
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