1
|
Velma G, Krider IS, Alves ETM, Courey JM, Laham MS, Thatcher GRJ. Channeling Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) to Address Life and Death. J Med Chem 2024; 67:5999-6026. [PMID: 38580317 PMCID: PMC11056997 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c02112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) catalyzes the rate-limiting step in NAD+ biosynthesis via salvage of NAM formed from catabolism of NAD+ by proteins with NADase activity (e.g., PARPs, SIRTs, CD38). Depletion of NAD+ in aging, neurodegeneration, and metabolic disorders is addressed by NAD+ supplementation. Conversely, NAMPT inhibitors have been developed for cancer therapy: many discovered by phenotypic screening for cancer cell death have low nanomolar potency in cellular models. No NAMPT inhibitor is yet FDA-approved. The ability of inhibitors to act as NAMPT substrates may be associated with efficacy and toxicity. Some 3-pyridyl inhibitors become 4-pyridyl activators or "NAD+ boosters". NAMPT positive allosteric modulators (N-PAMs) and boosters may increase enzyme activity by relieving substrate/product inhibition. Binding to a "rear channel" extending from the NAMPT active site is key for inhibitors, boosters, and N-PAMs. A deeper understanding may fulfill the potential of NAMPT ligands to regulate cellular life and death.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ganga
Reddy Velma
- Department
of Pharmacology & Toxicology, R. Ken Coit College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Isabella S. Krider
- Department
of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University
of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Erick T. M. Alves
- Department
of Pharmacology & Toxicology, R. Ken Coit College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Jenna M. Courey
- Department
of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University
of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Megan S. Laham
- Department
of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University
of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Gregory R. J. Thatcher
- Department
of Pharmacology & Toxicology, R. Ken Coit College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
- Department
of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University
of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Eldfors S, Saad J, Ikonen N, Malani D, Vähä-Koskela M, Gjertsen BT, Kontro M, Porkka K, Heckman CA. Monosomy 7/del(7q) cause sensitivity to inhibitors of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase in acute myeloid leukemia. Blood Adv 2024; 8:1621-1633. [PMID: 38197948 PMCID: PMC10987804 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2023010435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Monosomy 7 and del(7q) (-7/-7q) are frequent chromosomal abnormalities detected in up to 10% of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Despite unfavorable treatment outcomes, no approved targeted therapies exist for patients with -7/-7q. Therefore, we aimed to identify novel vulnerabilities. Through an analysis of data from ex vivo drug screens of 114 primary AML samples, we discovered that -7/-7q AML cells are highly sensitive to the inhibition of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT). NAMPT is the rate-limiting enzyme in the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide salvage pathway. Mechanistically, the NAMPT gene is located at 7q22.3, and deletion of 1 copy due to -7/-7q results in NAMPT haploinsufficiency, leading to reduced expression and a therapeutically targetable vulnerability to the inhibition of NAMPT. Our results show that in -7/-7q AML, differentiated CD34+CD38+ myeloblasts are more sensitive to the inhibition of NAMPT than less differentiated CD34+CD38- myeloblasts. Furthermore, the combination of the BCL2 inhibitor venetoclax and the NAMPT inhibitor KPT-9274 resulted in the death of significantly more leukemic blasts in AML samples with -7/-7q than the NAMPT inhibitor alone. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate that AML with -7/-7q is highly sensitive to NAMPT inhibition, suggesting that NAMPT inhibitors have the potential to be an effective targeted therapy for patients with monosomy 7 or del(7q).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samuli Eldfors
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Krantz Family Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Joseph Saad
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program in Systems Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- iCAN Digital Precision Cancer Medicine Flagship, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nemo Ikonen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- iCAN Digital Precision Cancer Medicine Flagship, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Disha Malani
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Markus Vähä-Koskela
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- iCAN Digital Precision Cancer Medicine Flagship, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Bjørn T. Gjertsen
- Department of Medicine, Hematology Section, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Science, Center for Cancer Biomarkers, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Mika Kontro
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- iCAN Digital Precision Cancer Medicine Flagship, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Hematology, Helsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Foundation for the Finnish Cancer Institute, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kimmo Porkka
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- iCAN Digital Precision Cancer Medicine Flagship, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Hematology, Helsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Caroline A. Heckman
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- iCAN Digital Precision Cancer Medicine Flagship, Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Song J, Zou G, Zhao Z, Zhu Y, Xue J, Ao L, Sun H, Hao H, Zhang B, Xu X. Discovery of proqodine A derivatives with antitumor activity targeting NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase 1 and nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase. Chin J Nat Med 2024; 22:75-88. [PMID: 38278561 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(24)60564-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) is a flavin protease highly expressed in various cancer cells. NQO1 catalyzes a futile redox cycle in substrates, leading to substantial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. This ROS generation results in extensive DNA damage and elevated poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1)-mediated consumption of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), ultimately causing cell death. Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT), the rate-limiting enzyme in the NAD+ salvage synthesis pathway, emerges as a critical target in cancer therapy. The concurrent inhibition of NQO1 and NAMPT triggers hyperactivation of PARP1 and intensive NAD+ depletion. In this study, we designed, synthesized, and assessed a novel series of proqodine A derivatives targeting both NQO1 and NAMPT. Among these, compound T8 demonstrated potent antitumor properties. Specifically, T8 selectively inhibited the proliferation of MCF-7 cells and induced apoptosis through mechanisms dependent on both NQO1 and NAMPT. This discovery offers a promising new molecular entity for advancing anticancer research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiangzhou Song
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Lab of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Guiqing Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Lab of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Zhou Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Lab of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ya Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Lab of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jiayu Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Lab of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Lanjia Ao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Lab of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Huiyong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Lab of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Haiping Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Lab of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Bo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Xiaowei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Lab of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yong J, Cai S, Zeng Z. Targeting NAD + metabolism: dual roles in cancer treatment. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1269896. [PMID: 38116009 PMCID: PMC10728650 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1269896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is indispensable for various oxidation-reduction reactions in mammalian cells, particularly during energy production. Malignant cells increase the expression levels of NAD+ biosynthesis enzymes for rapid proliferation and biomass production. Furthermore, mounting proof has indicated that NAD-degrading enzymes (NADases) play a role in creating the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). Interestingly, both inhibiting NAD+ synthesis and targeting NADase have positive implications for cancer treatment. Here we summarize the detrimental outcomes of increased NAD+ production, the functions of NAD+ metabolic enzymes in creating an immunosuppressive TME, and discuss the progress and clinical translational potential of inhibitors for NAD+ synthesis and therapies targeting NADase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Yong
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- Research Unit of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Songqing Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- Research Unit of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhaolei Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- Research Unit of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
McKay-Corkum GB, Collins VJ, Yeung C, Ito T, Issaq SH, Holland D, Vulikh K, Zhang Y, Lee U, Lei H, Mendoza A, Shern JF, Yohe ME, Yamamoto K, Wilson K, Ji J, Karim BO, Thomas CJ, Krishna MC, Neckers LM, Heske CM. Inhibition of NAD+-Dependent Metabolic Processes Induces Cellular Necrosis and Tumor Regression in Rhabdomyosarcoma Models. Clin Cancer Res 2023; 29:4479-4491. [PMID: 37616468 PMCID: PMC10841338 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-23-0200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Deregulated metabolism in cancer cells represents a vulnerability that may be therapeutically exploited to benefit patients. One such target is nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT), the rate-limiting enzyme in the NAD+ salvage pathway. NAMPT is necessary for efficient NAD+ production and may be exploited in cells with increased metabolic demands. We have identified NAMPT as a dependency in rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS), a malignancy for which novel therapies are critically needed. Here we describe the effect of NAMPT inhibition on RMS proliferation and metabolism in vitro and in vivo. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Assays of proliferation and cell death were used to determine the effects of pharmacologic NAMPT inhibition in a panel of ten molecularly diverse RMS cell lines. Mechanism of the clinical NAMPTi OT-82 was determined using measures of NAD+ and downstream NAD+-dependent functions, including energy metabolism. We used orthotopic xenograft models to examine tolerability, efficacy, and drug mechanism in vivo. RESULTS Across all ten RMS cell lines, OT-82 depleted NAD+ and inhibited cell growth at concentrations ≤1 nmol/L. Significant impairment of glycolysis was a universal finding, with some cell lines also exhibiting diminished oxidative phosphorylation. Most cell lines experienced profound depletion of ATP with subsequent irreversible necrotic cell death. Importantly, loss of NAD and glycolytic activity were confirmed in orthotopic in vivo models, which exhibited complete tumor regressions with OT-82 treatment delivered on the clinical schedule. CONCLUSIONS RMS is highly vulnerable to NAMPT inhibition. These findings underscore the need for further clinical study of this class of agents for this malignancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Grace B. McKay-Corkum
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH)
| | - Victor J. Collins
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH)
| | - Choh Yeung
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH)
| | - Takeshi Ito
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH)
| | - Sameer H. Issaq
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH)
| | - David Holland
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health (NIH)
| | - Ksenia Vulikh
- Molecular Histopathology Lab, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH)
| | - Yiping Zhang
- National Clinical Target Validation Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH)
| | - Unsun Lee
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH)
| | - Haiyan Lei
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH)
| | - Arnulfo Mendoza
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH)
| | - Jack F. Shern
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH)
| | - Marielle E. Yohe
- Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Signaling, Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH)
| | - Kazutoshi Yamamoto
- Radiation Biology Branch, Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH)
| | - Kelli Wilson
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health (NIH)
| | - Jiuping Ji
- National Clinical Target Validation Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH)
| | - Baktiar O. Karim
- Molecular Histopathology Lab, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH)
| | - Craig J. Thomas
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health (NIH)
| | - Murali C. Krishna
- Radiation Biology Branch, Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH)
| | - Leonard M. Neckers
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH)
| | - Christine M. Heske
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Abbott KL, Ali A, Casalena D, Do BT, Ferreira R, Cheah JH, Soule CK, Deik A, Kunchok T, Schmidt DR, Renner S, Honeder SE, Wu M, Chan SH, Tseyang T, Stoltzfus AT, Michel SLJ, Greaves D, Hsu PP, Ng CW, Zhang CJ, Farsidjani A, Kent JR, Madariaga MLL, Gramatikov IMT, Matheson NJ, Lewis CA, Clish CB, Rees MG, Roth JA, Griner LM, Muir A, Auld DS, Vander Heiden MG. Screening in serum-derived medium reveals differential response to compounds targeting metabolism. Cell Chem Biol 2023; 30:1156-1168.e7. [PMID: 37689063 PMCID: PMC10581593 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2023.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
A challenge for screening new anticancer drugs is that efficacy in cell culture models is not always predictive of efficacy in patients. One limitation of standard cell culture is a reliance on non-physiological nutrient levels, which can influence cell metabolism and drug sensitivity. A general assessment of how physiological nutrients affect cancer cell response to small molecule therapies is lacking. To address this, we developed a serum-derived culture medium that supports the proliferation of diverse cancer cell lines and is amenable to high-throughput screening. We screened several small molecule libraries and found that compounds targeting metabolic enzymes were differentially effective in standard compared to serum-derived medium. We exploited the differences in nutrient levels between each medium to understand why medium conditions affected the response of cells to some compounds, illustrating how this approach can be used to screen potential therapeutics and understand how their efficacy is modified by available nutrients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keene L Abbott
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Ahmed Ali
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Dominick Casalena
- Novartis Institute for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Brian T Do
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Harvard-MIT Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Raphael Ferreira
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jaime H Cheah
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Christian K Soule
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Amy Deik
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Tenzin Kunchok
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Daniel R Schmidt
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Steffen Renner
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sophie E Honeder
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Diagnostic and Research Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Michelle Wu
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Sze Ham Chan
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Tenzin Tseyang
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Andrew T Stoltzfus
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Sarah L J Michel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Daniel Greaves
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK; Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Peggy P Hsu
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA 02113, USA
| | - Christopher W Ng
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Chelsea J Zhang
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Ali Farsidjani
- Novartis Institute for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Johnathan R Kent
- Department of Surgery, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | | | - Iva Monique T Gramatikov
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Nicholas J Matheson
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK; Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Caroline A Lewis
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Clary B Clish
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Matthew G Rees
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Jennifer A Roth
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | | | - Alexander Muir
- Ben May Department of Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Douglas S Auld
- Novartis Institute for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Matthew G Vander Heiden
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhang P, Wang W, Guo M, Zhou L, Dong G, Xu D, Sheng C. Discovery of potent NAMPT-Targeting PROTACs using FK866 as the warhead. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2023; 92:129393. [PMID: 37369332 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2023.129393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) has emerged as a promising target for cancer therapy due to its strong correlation with nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) metabolism and tumorigenesis. Proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs) provided an attractive strategy for developing NAMPT-targeting NAD+-depleting cancer drugs. Herein, a series of von Hippel-Lindau (VHL)-recruiting NAMPT-targeting PROTACs were designed using NAMPT inhibitor FK866 as the warhead. Among them, compound C5 degraded NAMPT (DC50 = 31.7 nM) in a VHL- and proteasome-dependent manner. Moreover, compound C5 effectively inhibited the proliferation of A2780 cells (IC50 = 30.6 nM) and significantly reduced the general cytotoxicity of FK866 to normal cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peifeng Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Menglu Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Luozhu Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Guoqiang Dong
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Defeng Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China.
| | - Chunquan Sheng
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Panizza E, Regalado BD, Wang F, Nakano I, Vacanti NM, Cerione RA, Antonyak MA. Proteomic analysis reveals microvesicles containing NAMPT as mediators of radioresistance in glioma. Life Sci Alliance 2023; 6:e202201680. [PMID: 37037593 PMCID: PMC10087103 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202201680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor-initiating cells contained within the aggressive brain tumor glioma (glioma stem cells, GSCs) promote radioresistance and disease recurrence. However, mechanisms of resistance are not well understood. Herein, we show that the proteome-level regulation occurring upon radiation treatment of several patient-derived GSC lines predicts their resistance status, whereas glioma transcriptional subtypes do not. We identify a mechanism of radioresistance mediated by the transfer of the metabolic enzyme NAMPT to radiosensitive cells through microvesicles (NAMPT-high MVs) shed by resistant GSCs. NAMPT-high MVs rescue the proliferation of radiosensitive GSCs and fibroblasts upon irradiation, and upon treatment with a radiomimetic drug or low serum, and increase intracellular NAD(H) levels. Finally, we show that the presence of NAMPT within the MVs and its enzymatic activity in recipient cells are necessary to mediate these effects. Collectively, we demonstrate that the proteome of GSCs provides unique information as it predicts the ability of glioma to resist radiation treatment. Furthermore, we establish NAMPT transfer via MVs as a mechanism for rescuing the proliferation of radiosensitive cells upon irradiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Panizza
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | | | - Fangyu Wang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Ichiro Nakano
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Institute Hokuto Hospital, Hokkaido, Japan
| | | | - Richard A Cerione
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Marc A Antonyak
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Abbott KL, Ali A, Casalena D, Do BT, Ferreira R, Cheah JH, Soule CK, Deik A, Kunchok T, Schmidt DR, Renner S, Honeder SE, Wu M, Chan SH, Tseyang T, Greaves D, Hsu PP, Ng CW, Zhang CJ, Farsidjani A, Gramatikov IMT, Matheson NJ, Lewis CA, Clish CB, Rees MG, Roth JA, Griner LM, Muir A, Auld DS, Heiden MGV. Screening in serum-derived medium reveals differential response to compounds targeting metabolism. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.25.529972. [PMID: 36909640 PMCID: PMC10002634 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.25.529972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
A challenge for screening new candidate drugs to treat cancer is that efficacy in cell culture models is not always predictive of efficacy in patients. One limitation of standard cell culture is a reliance on non-physiological nutrient levels to propagate cells. Which nutrients are available can influence how cancer cells use metabolism to proliferate and impact sensitivity to some drugs, but a general assessment of how physiological nutrients affect cancer cell response to small molecule therapies is lacking. To enable screening of compounds to determine how the nutrient environment impacts drug efficacy, we developed a serum-derived culture medium that supports the proliferation of diverse cancer cell lines and is amenable to high-throughput screening. We used this system to screen several small molecule libraries and found that compounds targeting metabolic enzymes were enriched as having differential efficacy in standard compared to serum-derived medium. We exploited the differences in nutrient levels between each medium to understand why medium conditions affected the response of cells to some compounds, illustrating how this approach can be used to screen potential therapeutics and understand how their efficacy is modified by available nutrients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keene L. Abbott
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Ahmed Ali
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Dominick Casalena
- Novartis Institute for BioMedical Research, 181 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Brian T. Do
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Harvard-MIT Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | - Jaime H. Cheah
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Christian K. Soule
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Amy Deik
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Tenzin Kunchok
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Daniel R. Schmidt
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Steffen Renner
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sophie E. Honeder
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Michelle Wu
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Sze Ham Chan
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Tenzin Tseyang
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Daniel Greaves
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Peggy P. Hsu
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA 02113, USA
| | - Christopher W. Ng
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Chelsea J. Zhang
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Ali Farsidjani
- Novartis Institute for BioMedical Research, 181 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Iva Monique T. Gramatikov
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nicholas J. Matheson
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Caroline A. Lewis
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Clary B. Clish
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Matthew G. Rees
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | | | - Lesley Mathews Griner
- Novartis Institute for BioMedical Research, 181 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Alexander Muir
- Ben May Department of Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Douglas S. Auld
- Novartis Institute for BioMedical Research, 181 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Matthew G. Vander Heiden
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Anticancer Activities of Novel Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase Inhibitors in Hematological Malignancies. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28041897. [PMID: 36838885 PMCID: PMC9967653 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeting cancer cells that are highly dependent on the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) metabolite is a promising therapeutic strategy. Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) is the rate-limiting enzyme catalyzing NAD+ production. Despite the high efficacy of several developed NAMPT inhibitors (i.e., FK866 (APO866)) in preclinical studies, their clinical activity was proven to be limited. Here, we report the synthesis of new NAMPT Inhibitors, JJ08, FEI191 and FEI199, which exhibit a broad anticancer activity in vitro. Results show that these compounds are potent NAMPT inhibitors that deplete NAD+ and NADP(H) after 24 h of drug treatment, followed by an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation. The latter event leads to ATP loss and mitochondrial depolarization with induction of apoptosis and necrosis. Supplementation with exogenous NAD+ precursors or catalase (ROS scavenger) abrogates the cell death induced by the new compounds. Finally, in vivo administration of the new NAMPT inhibitors in a mouse xenograft model of human Burkitt lymphoma delays tumor growth and significantly prolongs mouse survival. The most promising results are collected with JJ08, which completely eradicates tumor growth. Collectively, our findings demonstrate the efficient anticancer activity of the new NAMPT inhibitor JJ08 and highlight a strong interest for further evaluation of this compound in hematological malignancies.
Collapse
|
11
|
Wei Y, Xiang H, Zhang W. Review of various NAMPT inhibitors for the treatment of cancer. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:970553. [PMID: 36160449 PMCID: PMC9490061 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.970553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) is a rate-limiting enzyme in the NAD salvage pathway of mammalian cells and is overexpressed in numerous types of cancers. These include breast cancer, ovarian cancer, prostate cancer, gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, glioma, and b-cell lymphoma. NAMPT is also known to impact the NAD and NADPH pool. Research has demonstrated that NAMPT can be inhibited. NAMPT inhibitors are diverse anticancer medicines with significant anti-tumor efficacy in ex vivo tumor models. A few notable NAMPT specific inhibitors which have been produced include FK866, CHS828, and OT-82. Despite encouraging preclinical evidence of the potential utility of NAMPT inhibitors in cancer models, early clinical trials have yielded only modest results, necessitating the adaptation of additional tactics to boost efficacy. This paper examines a number of cancer treatment methods which target NAMPT, including the usage of individual inhibitors, pharmacological combinations, dual inhibitors, and ADCs, all of which have demonstrated promising experimental or clinical results. We intend to contribute further ideas regarding the usage and development of NAMPT inhibitors in clinical therapy to advance the field of research on this intriguing target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yichen Wei
- West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Haotian Xiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenqiu Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Wenqiu Zhang,
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
NAD + depletion by type I interferon signaling sensitizes pancreatic cancer cells to NAMPT inhibition. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2012469118. [PMID: 33597293 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2012469118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that intratumoral interferon (IFN) signaling can trigger targetable vulnerabilities. A hallmark of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is its extensively reprogrammed metabolic network, in which nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and its reduced form, NADH, are critical cofactors. Here, we show that IFN signaling, present in a subset of PDAC tumors, substantially lowers NAD(H) levels through up-regulating the expression of NAD-consuming enzymes PARP9, PARP10, and PARP14. Their individual contributions to this mechanism in PDAC have not been previously delineated. Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) is the rate-limiting enzyme in the NAD salvage pathway, a dominant source of NAD in cancer cells. We found that IFN-induced NAD consumption increased dependence upon NAMPT for its role in recycling NAM to salvage NAD pools, thus sensitizing PDAC cells to pharmacologic NAMPT inhibition. Their combination decreased PDAC cell proliferation and invasion in vitro and suppressed orthotopic tumor growth and liver metastases in vivo.
Collapse
|
13
|
Sharma P, Xu J, Williams K, Easley M, Elder JB, Lonser R, Lang FF, Lapalombella R, Sampath D, Puduvalli VK. Inhibition of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase, the rate-limiting enzyme of the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide salvage pathway, to target glioma heterogeneity through mitochondrial oxidative stress. Neuro Oncol 2021; 24:229-244. [PMID: 34260721 PMCID: PMC8804900 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noab175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor-specific metabolic processes essential for cell survival are promising targets to potentially circumvent intratumoral heterogeneity, a major resistance factor in gliomas. Tumor cells preferentially using nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT), the rate-limiting enzyme in the salvage pathway for synthesis of NAD, a critical cofactor for diverse biological processes including cellular redox reactions, energy metabolism and biosynthesis. NAMPT is overexpressed in most malignancies, including gliomas, and can serve as a tumor-specific target. METHODS Effects of pharmacological inhibition of NAMPT on cellular oxygen consumption rate, extracellular acidification, mitochondrial respiration, cell proliferation, invasion and survival were assessed through in vitro and ex vivo studies on genetically heterogeneous glioma cell lines, glioma stem-like cells (GSCs) and mouse and human ex vivo organotypic glioma slice culture models. RESULTS Pharmacological inhibition of the NAD salvage biosynthesis pathway using a highly specific inhibitor, KPT-9274, resulted in reduction of NAD levels and related downstream metabolites, inhibited proliferation, and induced apoptosis in vitro in cell lines and ex vivo in human glioma tissue. These effects were mediated by mitochondrial dysfunction, DNA damage and increased oxidative stress leading to apoptosis in GSCs independent of genotype, IDH status or MGMT promoter methylation status. Conversely, NAMPT inhibition had minimal in vitro effects on normal human astrocytes (NHA) and no apparent in vivo toxicity in non-tumor-bearing mice. CONCLUSIONS Pharmacological NAMPT inhibition by KPT9274 potently targeted genetically heterogeneous gliomas by activating mitochondrial dysfunction. Our preclinical results provide a rationale for targeting the NAMPT-dependent alternative NAD biosynthesis pathway as a novel clinical strategy against gliomas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pratibha Sharma
- Division of Neurooncology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA.,Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jihong Xu
- Division of Neurooncology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA.,Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Katie Williams
- Division of Hematology Oncology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Michelle Easley
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - J Brad Elder
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Russell Lonser
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Frederick F Lang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Rosa Lapalombella
- Division of Hematology Oncology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Deepa Sampath
- Division of Hematology Oncology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA.,Department of Hematopoietic Biology and Malignancy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Vinay K Puduvalli
- Division of Neurooncology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA.,Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Ghanem MS, Monacelli F, Nencioni A. Advances in NAD-Lowering Agents for Cancer Treatment. Nutrients 2021; 13:1665. [PMID: 34068917 PMCID: PMC8156468 DOI: 10.3390/nu13051665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) is an essential redox cofactor, but it also acts as a substrate for NAD-consuming enzymes, regulating cellular events such as DNA repair and gene expression. Since such processes are fundamental to support cancer cell survival and proliferation, sustained NAD production is a hallmark of many types of neoplasms. Depleting intratumor NAD levels, mainly through interference with the NAD-biosynthetic machinery, has emerged as a promising anti-cancer strategy. NAD can be generated from tryptophan or nicotinic acid. In addition, the "salvage pathway" of NAD production, which uses nicotinamide, a byproduct of NAD degradation, as a substrate, is also widely active in mammalian cells and appears to be highly exploited by a subset of human cancers. In fact, research has mainly focused on inhibiting the key enzyme of the latter NAD production route, nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT), leading to the identification of numerous inhibitors, including FK866 and CHS-828. Unfortunately, the clinical activity of these agents proved limited, suggesting that the approaches for targeting NAD production in tumors need to be refined. In this contribution, we highlight the recent advancements in this field, including an overview of the NAD-lowering compounds that have been reported so far and the related in vitro and in vivo studies. We also describe the key NAD-producing pathways and their regulation in cancer cells. Finally, we summarize the approaches that have been explored to optimize the therapeutic response to NAMPT inhibitors in cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Moustafa S. Ghanem
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DIMI), University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 6, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (M.S.G.); (F.M.)
| | - Fiammetta Monacelli
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DIMI), University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 6, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (M.S.G.); (F.M.)
- Ospedale Policlinico San Martino IRCCS, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Alessio Nencioni
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DIMI), University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 6, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (M.S.G.); (F.M.)
- Ospedale Policlinico San Martino IRCCS, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genova, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Rather GM, Pramono AA, Szekely Z, Bertino JR, Tedeschi PM. In cancer, all roads lead to NADPH. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 226:107864. [PMID: 33894275 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cells require increased levels of NADPH for increased nucleotide synthesis and for protection from ROS. Recent studies show that increased NADPH is generated in several ways. Activated AKT phosphorylates NAD kinase (NADK), increasing its activity. NADP formed, is rapidly converted to NADPH by glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase and malic enzymes, overexpressed in tumor cells with mutant p53. Calmodulin, overexpressed in some cancers, also increases NADK activity. Also, in IDH1/2 mutant cancer, NADPH serves as the cofactor to generate D-2 hydroxyglutarate, an oncometabolite. The requirement of cancer cells for elevated levels of NADPH provides an opportunity to target its synthesis for cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gulam Mohmad Rather
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Alvinsyah Adhityo Pramono
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA; Research Center of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Zoltan Szekely
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA; Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Joseph R Bertino
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA; Department of Medicine and Pharmacology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
| | - Philip Michael Tedeschi
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Dual nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase and epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors for the treatment of cancer. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 211:113022. [PMID: 33239261 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.113022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Multitarget drugs have emerged as a promising treatment modality in modern anticancer therapy. Taking advantage of the synergy of NAMPT and EGFR inhibition, we have developed the first compounds that serve as dual inhibitors of NAMPT and EGFR. On the basis of CHS828 and erlotinib, a series of hybrid molecules were successfully designed and synthesized by merging of the pharmacophores. Among the compounds that were synthesized, compound 28 showed good NAMPT and EGFR inhibition, and excellent in vitro anti-proliferative activity. Compound 28, which is a new chemotype devoid of a Michael receptor, strongly inhibited the proliferation of several cancer cell lines, including H1975 non-small cell lung cancer cells harboring the EGFRL858R/T790M mutation. More importantly, it imparted significant in vivo antitumor efficacy in a human NSCLC (H1975) xenograft nude mouse model. This study provides promising leads for the development of novel antitumor agents and valuable pharmacological probes for the assessment of dual inhibition in NAMPT and EGFR pathway with a single inhibitor.
Collapse
|
17
|
Inhibition of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) with OT-82 induces DNA damage, cell death, and suppression of tumor growth in preclinical models of Ewing sarcoma. Oncogenesis 2020; 9:80. [PMID: 32908120 PMCID: PMC7481307 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-020-00264-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
NAMPT mediates the rate-limiting step of the NAD salvage pathway, which maintains cellular bioenergetics and provides a necessary substrate for functions essential to rapidly proliferating cancer cells. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy and mechanisms of action of OT-82, a novel, high-potency NAMPT inhibitor with a favorable toxicity profile, in preclinical models of Ewing sarcoma (EWS), an aggressive pediatric malignancy with previously reported selective sensitivity to NAMPT inhibition. We show that OT-82 decreased NAD concentration and impaired proliferation of EWS cells in a dose-dependent manner, with IC50 values in the single-digit nanomolar range. Notably, genetic depletion of NAMPT phenocopied pharmacological inhibition. On-target activity of OT-82 was confirmed with the addition of NMN, the product of NAMPT, which rescued NAD concentration and EWS cellular viability. Mechanistically, OT-82 treatment resulted in impaired DNA damage repair through loss of PARP activity, G2 cell-cycle arrest, and apoptosis in EWS cells. Additional consequences of OT-82 treatment included reduction of glycolytic and mitochondrial activity. In vivo, OT-82 impaired tumor growth and prolonged survival in mice bearing EWS xenografts. Importantly, antitumor effect correlated with pharmacodynamic markers of target engagement. Furthermore, combining low-dose OT-82 with low doses of agents augmenting DNA damage demonstrated enhanced antitumor activity in vitro and in vivo. Thus, OT-82 treatment represents a potential novel targeted approach for the clinical treatment of EWS.
Collapse
|
18
|
Galli U, Colombo G, Travelli C, Tron GC, Genazzani AA, Grolla AA. Recent Advances in NAMPT Inhibitors: A Novel Immunotherapic Strategy. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:656. [PMID: 32477131 PMCID: PMC7235340 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) is a cofactor of many enzymatic reactions as well as being a substrate for a number of NAD-consuming enzymes (e.g., PARPS, sirtuins, etc). NAD can be synthesized de novo starting from tryptophan, nicotinamide, nicotinic acid, or nicotinamide riboside from the diet. On the other hand, the nicotinamide that is liberated by NAD-consuming enzymes can be salvaged to re-form NAD. In this former instance, nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) is the bottleneck enzyme. In the many cells in which the salvage pathway is predominant, NAMPT, therefore, represents an important controller of intracellular NAD concentrations, and as a consequence of energy metabolism. It is, therefore, not surprising that NAMPT is over expressed by tumoral cells, which take advantage from this to sustain growth rate and tumor progression. This has led to the initiation of numerous medicinal chemistry programs to develop NAMPT inhibitors in the context of oncology. More recently, however, it has been shown that NAMPT inhibitors do not solely target the tumor but also have an effect on the immune system. To add complexity, this enzyme can also be secreted by cells, and in the extracellular space it acts as a cytokine mainly through the activation of Toll like Receptor 4 (TLR4), although it has not been clarified yet if this is the only receptor responsible for its actions. While specific small molecules have been developed only against the intracellular form of NAMPT, growing evidences sustain the possibility to target the extracellular form. In this contribution, the most recent evidences on the medicinal chemistry of NAMPT will be reviewed, together with the key elements that sustain the hypothesis of NAMPT targeting and the drawbacks so far encountered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ubaldina Galli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Giorgia Colombo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Cristina Travelli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Gian Cesare Tron
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Armando A Genazzani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Ambra A Grolla
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Therapeutic Strategies and Biomarkers to Modulate PARP Activity for Targeted Cancer Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12040972. [PMID: 32295316 PMCID: PMC7226473 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12040972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly-(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) is commonly known for its vital role in DNA damage response and repair. However, its enzymatic activity has been linked to a plethora of physiological and pathophysiological transactions ranging from cellular proliferation, survival and death. For instance, malignancies with BRCA1/2 mutations heavily rely on PARP activity for survival. Thus, the use of PARP inhibitors is a well-established intervention in these types of tumors. However, recent studies indicate that the therapeutic potential of attenuating PARP1 activity in recalcitrant tumors, especially where PARP1 is aberrantly overexpressed and hyperactivated, may extend its therapeutic utility in wider cancer types beyond BRCA-deficiency. Here, we discuss treatment strategies to expand the tumor-selective therapeutic application of PARP inhibitors and novel approaches with predictive biomarkers to perturb NAD+ levels and hyperPARylation that inactivate PARP in recalcitrant tumors. We also provide an overview of genetic alterations that transform non-BRCA mutant cancers to a state of "BRCAness" as potential biomarkers for synthetic lethality with PARP inhibitors. Finally, we discuss a paradigm shift for the use of novel PARP inhibitors outside of cancer treatment, where it has the potential to rescue normal cells from severe oxidative damage during ischemia-reperfusion injury induced by surgery and radiotherapy.
Collapse
|
20
|
Pramono AA, Rather GM, Herman H, Lestari K, Bertino JR. NAD- and NADPH-Contributing Enzymes as Therapeutic Targets in Cancer: An Overview. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10030358. [PMID: 32111066 PMCID: PMC7175141 DOI: 10.3390/biom10030358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Actively proliferating cancer cells require sufficient amount of NADH and NADPH for biogenesis and to protect cells from the detrimental effect of reactive oxygen species. As both normal and cancer cells share the same NAD biosynthetic and metabolic pathways, selectively lowering levels of NAD(H) and NADPH would be a promising strategy for cancer treatment. Targeting nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT), a rate limiting enzyme of the NAD salvage pathway, affects the NAD and NADPH pool. Similarly, lowering NADPH by mutant isocitrate dehydrogenase 1/2 (IDH1/2) which produces D-2-hydroxyglutarate (D-2HG), an oncometabolite that downregulates nicotinate phosphoribosyltransferase (NAPRT) via hypermethylation on the promoter region, results in epigenetic regulation. NADPH is used to generate D-2HG, and is also needed to protect dihydrofolate reductase, the target for methotrexate, from degradation. NAD and NADPH pools in various cancer types are regulated by several metabolic enzymes, including methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase, serine hydroxymethyltransferase, and aldehyde dehydrogenase. Thus, targeting NAD and NADPH synthesis under special circumstances is a novel approach to treat some cancers. This article provides the rationale for targeting the key enzymes that maintain the NAD/NADPH pool, and reviews preclinical studies of targeting these enzymes in cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alvinsyah Adhityo Pramono
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; (A.A.P.); (G.M.R.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia;
- Center of Excellence in Higher Education for Pharmaceutical Care Innovation, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
| | - Gulam M. Rather
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; (A.A.P.); (G.M.R.)
| | - Herry Herman
- Division of Oncology, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 40161, Indonesia;
| | - Keri Lestari
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia;
- Center of Excellence in Higher Education for Pharmaceutical Care Innovation, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
| | - Joseph R. Bertino
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; (A.A.P.); (G.M.R.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(732)-235-8510
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Heske CM. Beyond Energy Metabolism: Exploiting the Additional Roles of NAMPT for Cancer Therapy. Front Oncol 2020; 9:1514. [PMID: 32010616 PMCID: PMC6978772 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor cells have increased requirements for NAD+. Thus, many cancers exhibit an increased reliance on NAD+ production pathways. This dependence may be exploited therapeutically through pharmacological targeting of NAMPT, the rate-limiting enzyme in the NAD+ salvage pathway. Despite promising preclinical data using NAMPT inhibitors in cancer models, early NAMPT inhibitors showed limited efficacy in several early phase clinical trials, necessitating the identification of strategies, such as drug combinations, to enhance their efficacy. While the effect of NAMPT inhibitors on impairment of energy metabolism in cancer cells has been well-described, more recent insights have uncovered a number of additional targetable cellular processes that are impacted by inhibition of NAMPT. These include sirtuin function, DNA repair machinery, redox homeostasis, molecular signaling, cellular stemness, and immune processes. This review highlights the recent findings describing the effects of NAMPT inhibitors on the non-metabolic functions of malignant cells, with a focus on how this information can be leveraged clinically. Combining NAMPT inhibitors with other therapies that target NAD+-dependent processes or selecting tumors with specific vulnerabilities that can be co-targeted with NAMPT inhibitors may represent opportunities to exploit the multiple functions of this enzyme for greater therapeutic benefit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christine M Heske
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Abdallah AE, Mohareb RM, Ahmed EA. Novel Pyrano[2,3‐
d
]thiazole and Thiazolo[4,5‐
b
]pyridine Derivatives: One‐pot Three‐component Synthesis and Biological Evaluation as Anticancer Agents, c‐Met, and Pim‐1 Kinase Inhibitors. J Heterocycl Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.3697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Rafat M. Mohareb
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of ScienceCairo University Giza Egypt
| | - Ebtsam A. Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of ScienceHelwan University Cairo Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Franco-Trepat E, Alonso-Pérez A, Guillán-Fresco M, Jorge-Mora A, Gualillo O, Gómez-Reino JJ, Gómez Bahamonde R. Visfatin as a therapeutic target for rheumatoid arthritis. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2019; 23:607-618. [DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2019.1617274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eloi Franco-Trepat
- Musculoskeletal Pathology Group, Institute IDIS, Santiago University Clinical Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ana Alonso-Pérez
- Musculoskeletal Pathology Group, Institute IDIS, Santiago University Clinical Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - María Guillán-Fresco
- Musculoskeletal Pathology Group, Institute IDIS, Santiago University Clinical Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Alberto Jorge-Mora
- Musculoskeletal Pathology Group, Institute IDIS, Santiago University Clinical Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Oreste Gualillo
- Research laboratory 9 (NEIRID LAB), Institute of Medical Research, SERGAS, Santiago University Clinical Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Juan J. Gómez-Reino
- Rheumatology Group, Institute IDIS, Santiago University Clinical Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Rodolfo Gómez Bahamonde
- Musculoskeletal Pathology Group, Institute IDIS, Santiago University Clinical Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Sharif T, Martell E, Dai C, Ghassemi-Rad MS, Kennedy BE, Lee PWK, Gujar S. Regulation of Cancer and Cancer-Related Genes via NAD . Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 30:906-923. [PMID: 29334761 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE NAD+ is an essential redox cofactor in cellular metabolism and has emerged as an important regulator of a wide spectrum of disease conditions, most notably, cancers. As such, various strategies targeting NAD+ synthesis in cancers are in clinical trials. Recent Advances: Being a substrate required for the activity of various enzyme families, especially sirtuins and poly(adenosine diphosphate [ADP]-ribose) polymerases, NAD+-mediated signaling plays an important role in gene expression, calcium release, cell cycle progression, DNA repair, and cell proliferation. Many strategies exploring the potential of interfering with NAD+ metabolism to sensitize cancer cells to achieve anticancer benefits are highly promising, and are being pursued. CRITICAL ISSUES With the multifaceted roles of NAD+ in cancer, it is important to understand how cellular processes are reliant on NAD+. This review summarizes how NAD+ metabolism regulates various pathophysiological processes in cancer, and how this knowledge can be exploited to devise effective anticancer therapies in clinical settings. FUTURE DIRECTIONS In line with the redundant pathways that facilitate NAD+ metabolism, further studies should comprehensively understand the roles of the various NAD+-synthesizing as well as NAD+-utilizing biomolecules to understand its true potential in cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tanveer Sharif
- 1 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Emma Martell
- 2 Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Cathleen Dai
- 1 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | | | - Barry E Kennedy
- 1 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Patrick W K Lee
- 1 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada.,2 Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Shashi Gujar
- 1 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada.,2 Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada.,3 Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada.,4 Centre for Innovative and Collaborative Health Systems Research, IWK Health Centre, Halifax, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Liederer BM, Cheong J, Chou KJ, Dragovich PS, Le H, Liang X, Ly J, Mukadam S, Oeh J, Sampath D, Wang L, Wong S. Preclinical assessment of the ADME, efficacy and drug-drug interaction potential of a novel NAMPT inhibitor. Xenobiotica 2019; 49:1063-1077. [PMID: 30257601 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2018.1528407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
GNE-617 (N-(4-((3,5-difluorophenyl)sulfonyl)benzyl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-6-carboxamide) is a potent, selective nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) inhibitor being explored as a potential treatment for human cancers. Plasma clearance was low in monkeys and dogs (9.14 mL min-1 kg-1 and 4.62 mL min-1 kg-1, respectively) and moderate in mice and rats (36.4 mL min-1 kg-1 and 19.3 mL min-1 kg-1, respectively). Oral bioavailability in mice, rats, monkeys and dogs was 29.7, 33.9, 29.4 and 65.2%, respectively. Allometric scaling predicted a low clearance of 3.3 mL min-1 kg-1 and a volume of distribution of 1.3 L kg-1 in human. Efficacy (57% tumor growth inhibition) in Colo-205 CRC tumor xenograft mice was observed at an oral dose of 15 mg/kg BID (AUC = 10.4 µM h). Plasma protein binding was moderately high. GNE-617 was stable to moderately stable in vitro. Main human metabolites identified in human hepatocytes were formed primarily by CYP3A4/5. Transporter studies suggested that GNE-617 is likely a substrate for MDR1 but not for BCRP. Simcyp® simulations suggested a low (CYP2C9 and CYP2C8) or moderate (CYP3A4/5) potential for drug-drug interactions. The potential for autoinhibition was low. Overall, GNE-617 exhibited acceptable preclinical properties and projected human PK and dose estimates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bianca M Liederer
- a Genentech, Inc., Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics , South San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - Jonathan Cheong
- a Genentech, Inc., Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics , South San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - Kang-Jye Chou
- b Genentech, Inc., Pharmaceutical Sciences , South San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - Peter S Dragovich
- c Genentech, Inc., Medicinal Chemistry , South San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - Hoa Le
- a Genentech, Inc., Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics , South San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - Xiaorong Liang
- a Genentech, Inc., Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics , South San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - Justin Ly
- a Genentech, Inc., Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics , South San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - Sophie Mukadam
- a Genentech, Inc., Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics , South San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - Jason Oeh
- d Genentech, Inc., Translational Oncology , South San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - Deepak Sampath
- d Genentech, Inc., Translational Oncology , South San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - Leslie Wang
- a Genentech, Inc., Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics , South San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - Susan Wong
- a Genentech, Inc., Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics , South San Francisco , CA , USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Yaku K, Okabe K, Hikosaka K, Nakagawa T. NAD Metabolism in Cancer Therapeutics. Front Oncol 2018; 8:622. [PMID: 30631755 PMCID: PMC6315198 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells have a unique energy metabolism for sustaining rapid proliferation. The preference for anaerobic glycolysis under normal oxygen conditions is a unique trait of cancer metabolism and is designated as the Warburg effect. Enhanced glycolysis also supports the generation of nucleotides, amino acids, lipids, and folic acid as the building blocks for cancer cell division. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) is a co-enzyme that mediates redox reactions in a number of metabolic pathways, including glycolysis. Increased NAD levels enhance glycolysis and fuel cancer cells. In fact, nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (Nampt), a rate-limiting enzyme for NAD synthesis in mammalian cells, is frequently amplified in several cancer cells. In addition, Nampt-specific inhibitors significantly deplete NAD levels and subsequently suppress cancer cell proliferation through inhibition of energy production pathways, such as glycolysis, tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation. NAD also serves as a substrate for poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), sirtuin, and NAD gylycohydrolase (CD38 and CD157); thus, NAD regulates DNA repair, gene expression, and stress response through these enzymes. Thus, NAD metabolism is implicated in cancer pathogenesis beyond energy metabolism and considered a promising therapeutic target for cancer treatment. In this review, we present recent findings with respect to NAD metabolism and cancer pathogenesis. We also discuss the current and future perspectives regarding the therapeutics that target NAD metabolic pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Yaku
- Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Science for Research, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Keisuke Okabe
- Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Science for Research, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan.,First Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Science for Research, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Keisuke Hikosaka
- Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Science for Research, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Takashi Nakagawa
- Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Science for Research, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan.,Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Abstract
Aggressive neurosurgical resection to achieve sustained local control is essential for prolonging survival in patients with lower-grade glioma. However, progression in many of these patients is characterized by local regrowth. Most lower-grade gliomas harbor isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) or IDH2 mutations, which sensitize to metabolism-altering agents. To improve local control of IDH mutant gliomas while avoiding systemic toxicity associated with metabolic therapies, we developed a precision intraoperative treatment that couples a rapid multiplexed genotyping tool with a sustained release microparticle (MP) drug delivery system containing an IDH-directed nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) inhibitor (GMX-1778). We validated our genetic diagnostic tool on clinically annotated tumor specimens. GMX-1778 MPs showed mutant IDH genotype-specific toxicity in vitro and in vivo, inducing regression of orthotopic IDH mutant glioma murine models. Our strategy enables immediate intraoperative genotyping and local application of a genotype-specific treatment in surgical scenarios where local tumor control is paramount and systemic toxicity is therapeutically limiting.
Collapse
|
28
|
Misner DL, Kauss MA, Singh J, Uppal H, Bruening-Wright A, Liederer BM, Lin T, McCray B, La N, Nguyen T, Sampath D, Dragovich PS, O'Brien T, Zabka TS. Cardiotoxicity Associated with Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase Inhibitors in Rodents and in Rat and Human-Derived Cells Lines. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2018; 17:307-318. [PMID: 27783203 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-016-9387-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) is a pleiotropic protein that functions as an enzyme, cytokine, growth factor and hormone. As a target for oncology, NAMPT is particularly attractive, because it catalyzes the rate-limiting step in the salvage pathway to generate nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), a universal energy- and signal-carrying molecule involved in cellular energy metabolism and many homeostatic functions. Inhibition of NAMPT generally results in NAD depletion, followed by ATP reduction and loss of cell viability. Herein, we describe NAMPT inhibitor (NAMPTi)-induced cardiac toxicity in rodents following short-term administration (2-7 days) of NAMPTi's. The cardiac toxicity was interpreted as a functional effect leading to congestive heart failure, characterized by sudden death, thoracic and abdominal effusion, and myocardial degeneration. Based on exposures in the initial in vivo safety rodent studies and cardiotoxicity observed, we conducted studies in rat and human in vitro cardiomyocyte cell systems. Based on those results, combined with human cell line potency data, we demonstrated the toxicity is both on-target and likely human relevant. This toxicity was mitigated in vitro by co-administration of nicotinic acid (NA), which can enable NAD production through the NAMPT-independent pathway; however, this resulted in only partial mitigation in in vivo studies. This work also highlights the usefulness and predictivity of in vitro cardiomyocyte assays using human cells to rank-order compounds against potency in cell-based pharmacology assays. Lastly, this work strengthens the correlation between cardiomyocyte cell viability and functionality, suggesting that these assays together may enable early assessment of cardiotoxicity in vitro prior to conduct of in vivo studies and potentially reduce subsequent attrition due to cardiotoxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D L Misner
- Genentech, 1 DNA Way, M/S 59, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA.
| | - M A Kauss
- Genentech, 1 DNA Way, M/S 59, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - J Singh
- Genentech, 1 DNA Way, M/S 59, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - H Uppal
- Genentech, 1 DNA Way, M/S 59, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | | | - B M Liederer
- Genentech, 1 DNA Way, M/S 59, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - T Lin
- Genentech, 1 DNA Way, M/S 59, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - B McCray
- Genentech, 1 DNA Way, M/S 59, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - N La
- Genentech, 1 DNA Way, M/S 59, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - T Nguyen
- Genentech, 1 DNA Way, M/S 59, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - D Sampath
- Genentech, 1 DNA Way, M/S 59, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - P S Dragovich
- Genentech, 1 DNA Way, M/S 59, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - T O'Brien
- Genentech, 1 DNA Way, M/S 59, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - T S Zabka
- Genentech, 1 DNA Way, M/S 59, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Mutz CN, Schwentner R, Aryee DNT, Bouchard EDJ, Mejia EM, Hatch GM, Kauer MO, Katschnig AM, Ban J, Garten A, Alonso J, Banerji V, Kovar H. EWS-FLI1 confers exquisite sensitivity to NAMPT inhibition in Ewing sarcoma cells. Oncotarget 2018; 8:24679-24693. [PMID: 28160567 PMCID: PMC5421879 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Ewing sarcoma (EwS) is the second most common bone cancer in children and adolescents with a high metastatic potential. EwS development is driven by a specific chromosomal translocation resulting in the generation of a chimeric EWS-ETS transcription factor, most frequently EWS-FLI1. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) is a key metabolite of energy metabolism involved in cellular redox reactions, DNA repair, and in the maintenance of genomic stability. This study describes targeting nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT), the rate-limiting enzyme of NAD synthesis, by FK866 in EwS cells. Here we report that blocking NAMPT leads to exhaustive NAD depletion in EwS cells, followed by a metabolic collapse and cell death. Using conditional EWS-FLI1 knockdown by doxycycline-inducible shRNA revealed that EWS-FLI1 depletion significantly reduces the sensitivity of EwS cells to NAMPT inhibition. Consistent with this finding, a comparison of 7 EwS cell lines of different genotypes with 5 Non-EwS cell lines and mesenchymal stem cells revealed significantly higher FK866 sensitivity of EWS-ETS positive EwS cells, with IC50 values mostly below 1nM. Taken together, our data reveal evidence of an important role of the NAMPT-mediated NAD salvage pathway in the energy homeostasis of EwS cells and suggest NAMPT inhibition as a potential new treatment approach for Ewing sarcoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia N Mutz
- Children's Cancer Research Institute Vienna, St. Anna Kinderkrebsforschung, Vienna, Austria
| | - Raphaela Schwentner
- Children's Cancer Research Institute Vienna, St. Anna Kinderkrebsforschung, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dave N T Aryee
- Children's Cancer Research Institute Vienna, St. Anna Kinderkrebsforschung, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Pediatrics, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Eric D J Bouchard
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Research Institute in Oncology and Hematology (RIOH), CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Edgard M Mejia
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Grant M Hatch
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Center for Research and Treatment of Atherosclerosis, University of Manitoba, DREAM Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Maximilian O Kauer
- Children's Cancer Research Institute Vienna, St. Anna Kinderkrebsforschung, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anna M Katschnig
- Children's Cancer Research Institute Vienna, St. Anna Kinderkrebsforschung, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jozef Ban
- Children's Cancer Research Institute Vienna, St. Anna Kinderkrebsforschung, Vienna, Austria
| | - Antje Garten
- Center for Pediatric Research Leipzig, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Javier Alonso
- Unidad de Tumores Sólidos Infantiles, Instituto de Investigación de Enfermedades Raras, ISCIII, Ctra, Madrid, Spain
| | - Versha Banerji
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Research Institute in Oncology and Hematology (RIOH), CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Heinrich Kovar
- Children's Cancer Research Institute Vienna, St. Anna Kinderkrebsforschung, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Pediatrics, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Ohanna M, Cerezo M, Nottet N, Bille K, Didier R, Beranger G, Mograbi B, Rocchi S, Yvan-Charvet L, Ballotti R, Bertolotto C. Pivotal role of NAMPT in the switch of melanoma cells toward an invasive and drug-resistant phenotype. Genes Dev 2018; 32:448-461. [PMID: 29567766 PMCID: PMC5900716 DOI: 10.1101/gad.305854.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In BRAFV600E melanoma cells, a global metabolomic analysis discloses a decrease in nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) levels upon PLX4032 treatment that is conveyed by a STAT5 inhibition and a transcriptional regulation of the nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) gene. NAMPT inhibition decreases melanoma cell proliferation both in vitro and in vivo, while forced NAMPT expression renders melanoma cells resistant to PLX4032. NAMPT expression induces transcriptomic and epigenetic reshufflings that steer melanoma cells toward an invasive phenotype associated with resistance to targeted therapies and immunotherapies. Therefore, NAMPT, the key enzyme in the NAD+ salvage pathway, appears as a rational target in targeted therapy-resistant melanoma cells and a key player in phenotypic plasticity of melanoma cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mickaël Ohanna
- U1065, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Biology and Pathologies of Melanocytes, Equipe Labellisée L'Association pour la Recherche sur le Cancer (ARC) 2015, Université Nice Côte d'Azur, INSERM, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), 06204 Nice, France
| | - Mickaël Cerezo
- U1065, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Biology and Pathologies of Melanocytes, Equipe Labellisée L'Association pour la Recherche sur le Cancer (ARC) 2015, Université Nice Côte d'Azur, INSERM, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), 06204 Nice, France
| | - Nicolas Nottet
- Université Nice Côte d'Azur, INSERM, C3M, 06204 Nice, France
| | - Karine Bille
- U1065, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Biology and Pathologies of Melanocytes, Equipe Labellisée L'Association pour la Recherche sur le Cancer (ARC) 2015, Université Nice Côte d'Azur, INSERM, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), 06204 Nice, France
| | - Robin Didier
- U1065, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Biology and Pathologies of Melanocytes, Equipe Labellisée L'Association pour la Recherche sur le Cancer (ARC) 2015, Université Nice Côte d'Azur, INSERM, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), 06204 Nice, France
| | - Guillaume Beranger
- U1065, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Biology and Pathologies of Melanocytes, Equipe Labellisée L'Association pour la Recherche sur le Cancer (ARC) 2015, Université Nice Côte d'Azur, INSERM, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), 06204 Nice, France
| | - Baharia Mograbi
- U1081, INSERM, Institute of Research on Cancer and Ageing of Nice (IRCAN), Equipe Labellisée ARC, Université Nice Côte d'Azur, UMR7284, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), 06107 Nice, France
| | - Stéphane Rocchi
- U1065, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Biology and Pathologies of Melanocytes, Equipe Labellisée L'Association pour la Recherche sur le Cancer (ARC) 2015, Université Nice Côte d'Azur, INSERM, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), 06204 Nice, France
| | - Laurent Yvan-Charvet
- U1065, INSERM, Team ATIP-Avenir, Université Nice Côte d'Azur, INSERM, C3M, 06204 Nice, France
| | - Robert Ballotti
- U1065, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Biology and Pathologies of Melanocytes, Equipe Labellisée L'Association pour la Recherche sur le Cancer (ARC) 2015, Université Nice Côte d'Azur, INSERM, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), 06204 Nice, France
| | - Corine Bertolotto
- U1065, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Biology and Pathologies of Melanocytes, Equipe Labellisée L'Association pour la Recherche sur le Cancer (ARC) 2015, Université Nice Côte d'Azur, INSERM, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), 06204 Nice, France
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Crystal structure-based comparison of two NAMPT inhibitors. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2018; 39:294-301. [PMID: 28858298 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2017.80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) is a novel strategy for cancer therapy, but only two inhibitors of NAMPT (FK866 and CHS828) have progressed into clinical trials. This study seeks to compare a novel potent NAMPT inhibitor, MS0, with a classical inhibitor FK866 in their biological activity and molecular binding mode, thereby contributing to future chemical optimization and a further understanding of the action mode of NAMPT inhibitors. The IC50 values of MS0 and FK866 in inhibition of recombinant human NAMPT activity were 9.08±0.90 and 1.60±0.32 nmol/L, respectively. Consistently, FK866 exerted better antiproliferation in 6 human cancer cell lines (HepG2, A2780, 95-D, A549, U2OS and U266) than MS0 with IC50 values nearly 12-fold to 225-fold lower than those of MS0. Co-crystal structures of wild-type human NAMPT complexed with MS0 or FK866 were elucidated, which revealed that MS0 did not interact with Ser241. The hydrogen bond mediated by crystallographic water between MS0 and His191 or Val350 of NAMPT did not exist in FK866. Instead, FK866 exhibited hydrophobic interactions with Arg349. Based on the activity assays and crystal structure analyses, we elaborate the reason why the antiproliferation activity of MS0 was not as good as that of FK866, which would contributes to the current understanding of the mode of action of NAMPT inhibitors and will also contribute to further development of anticancer drugs in the future.
Collapse
|
32
|
Wei J, Renfrew AK. Photolabile ruthenium complexes to cage and release a highly cytotoxic anticancer agent. J Inorg Biochem 2017; 179:146-153. [PMID: 29180165 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2017.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CHS-828 (N-(6-(4-chlorophenoxy)hexyl)-N'-cyano-N″-4-pyridyl guanidine) is an anticancer agent with low bioavailability and high systemic toxicity. Here we present an approach to improve the therapeutic profile of the drug using photolabile ruthenium complexes to generate light-activated prodrugs of CHS-828. Both prodrug complexes are stable in the dark but release CHS-828 when irradiated with visible light. The complexes are water-soluble and accumulate in tumour cells in very high concentrations, predominantly in the mitochondria. Both prodrug complexes are significantly less cyototoxic than free CHS-828 in the dark but their toxicity increases up to 10-fold in combination with visible light. The cellular responses to light treatment are consistent with release of the cytotoxic CHS-828 ligand.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Wei
- School of Chemistry, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Anna K Renfrew
- School of Chemistry, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Chen J, Sysol JR, Singla S, Zhao S, Yamamura A, Valdez-Jasso D, Abbasi T, Shioura KM, Sahni S, Reddy V, Sridhar A, Gao H, Torres J, Camp SM, Tang H, Ye SQ, Comhair S, Dweik R, Hassoun P, Yuan JXJ, Garcia JGN, Machado RF. Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase Promotes Pulmonary Vascular Remodeling and Is a Therapeutic Target in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Circulation 2017; 135:1532-1546. [PMID: 28202489 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.116.024557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary arterial hypertension is a severe and progressive disease, a hallmark of which is pulmonary vascular remodeling. Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) is a cytozyme that regulates intracellular nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide levels and cellular redox state, regulates histone deacetylases, promotes cell proliferation, and inhibits apoptosis. We hypothesized that NAMPT promotes pulmonary vascular remodeling and that inhibition of NAMPT could attenuate pulmonary hypertension. METHODS Plasma, mRNA, and protein levels of NAMPT were measured in the lungs and isolated pulmonary artery endothelial cells from patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension and in the lungs of rodent models of pulmonary hypertension. Nampt+/- mice were exposed to 10% hypoxia and room air for 4 weeks, and the preventive and therapeutic effects of NAMPT inhibition were tested in the monocrotaline and Sugen hypoxia models of pulmonary hypertension. The effects of NAMPT activity on proliferation, migration, apoptosis, and calcium signaling were tested in human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells. RESULTS Plasma and mRNA and protein levels of NAMPT were increased in the lungs and isolated pulmonary artery endothelial cells from patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension, as well as in lungs of rodent models of pulmonary hypertension. Nampt+/- mice were protected from hypoxia-mediated pulmonary hypertension. NAMPT activity promoted human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell proliferation via a paracrine effect. In addition, recombinant NAMPT stimulated human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell proliferation via enhancement of store-operated calcium entry by enhancing expression of Orai2 and STIM2. Last, inhibition of NAMPT activity attenuated monocrotaline and Sugen hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension in rats. CONCLUSIONS Our data provide evidence that NAMPT plays a role in pulmonary vascular remodeling and that its inhibition could be a potential therapeutic target for pulmonary arterial hypertension.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiwang Chen
- From Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care Medicine, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine (J.C., J.R.S., S.S., S.Z., A.Y., T.A., K.M.S., S.S., V.R., A.S., H.G., J.T., R.F.M.), Department of Pharmacology (J.R.S., R.F.M.), and Department of Bioengineering (A.V.-J., T.A.), University of Illinois at Chicago; Institute of Precision Medicine, Jining Medical University, China (J.C.); Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kinjo Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan (A.Y.); Department of Medicine, Mercy Hospital and Medical Center, Chicago, IL (T.A.); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (H.G.); Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson (S.M.C., H.T., J.X.-J.Y., J.G.N.G.); Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics and Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Hospital and University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine (S.Q.Y.); Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic, OH (S.C., R.D.); and Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (P.H.)
| | - Justin R Sysol
- From Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care Medicine, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine (J.C., J.R.S., S.S., S.Z., A.Y., T.A., K.M.S., S.S., V.R., A.S., H.G., J.T., R.F.M.), Department of Pharmacology (J.R.S., R.F.M.), and Department of Bioengineering (A.V.-J., T.A.), University of Illinois at Chicago; Institute of Precision Medicine, Jining Medical University, China (J.C.); Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kinjo Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan (A.Y.); Department of Medicine, Mercy Hospital and Medical Center, Chicago, IL (T.A.); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (H.G.); Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson (S.M.C., H.T., J.X.-J.Y., J.G.N.G.); Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics and Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Hospital and University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine (S.Q.Y.); Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic, OH (S.C., R.D.); and Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (P.H.)
| | - Sunit Singla
- From Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care Medicine, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine (J.C., J.R.S., S.S., S.Z., A.Y., T.A., K.M.S., S.S., V.R., A.S., H.G., J.T., R.F.M.), Department of Pharmacology (J.R.S., R.F.M.), and Department of Bioengineering (A.V.-J., T.A.), University of Illinois at Chicago; Institute of Precision Medicine, Jining Medical University, China (J.C.); Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kinjo Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan (A.Y.); Department of Medicine, Mercy Hospital and Medical Center, Chicago, IL (T.A.); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (H.G.); Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson (S.M.C., H.T., J.X.-J.Y., J.G.N.G.); Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics and Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Hospital and University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine (S.Q.Y.); Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic, OH (S.C., R.D.); and Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (P.H.)
| | - Shuangping Zhao
- From Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care Medicine, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine (J.C., J.R.S., S.S., S.Z., A.Y., T.A., K.M.S., S.S., V.R., A.S., H.G., J.T., R.F.M.), Department of Pharmacology (J.R.S., R.F.M.), and Department of Bioengineering (A.V.-J., T.A.), University of Illinois at Chicago; Institute of Precision Medicine, Jining Medical University, China (J.C.); Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kinjo Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan (A.Y.); Department of Medicine, Mercy Hospital and Medical Center, Chicago, IL (T.A.); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (H.G.); Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson (S.M.C., H.T., J.X.-J.Y., J.G.N.G.); Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics and Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Hospital and University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine (S.Q.Y.); Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic, OH (S.C., R.D.); and Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (P.H.)
| | - Aya Yamamura
- From Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care Medicine, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine (J.C., J.R.S., S.S., S.Z., A.Y., T.A., K.M.S., S.S., V.R., A.S., H.G., J.T., R.F.M.), Department of Pharmacology (J.R.S., R.F.M.), and Department of Bioengineering (A.V.-J., T.A.), University of Illinois at Chicago; Institute of Precision Medicine, Jining Medical University, China (J.C.); Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kinjo Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan (A.Y.); Department of Medicine, Mercy Hospital and Medical Center, Chicago, IL (T.A.); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (H.G.); Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson (S.M.C., H.T., J.X.-J.Y., J.G.N.G.); Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics and Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Hospital and University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine (S.Q.Y.); Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic, OH (S.C., R.D.); and Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (P.H.)
| | - Daniela Valdez-Jasso
- From Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care Medicine, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine (J.C., J.R.S., S.S., S.Z., A.Y., T.A., K.M.S., S.S., V.R., A.S., H.G., J.T., R.F.M.), Department of Pharmacology (J.R.S., R.F.M.), and Department of Bioengineering (A.V.-J., T.A.), University of Illinois at Chicago; Institute of Precision Medicine, Jining Medical University, China (J.C.); Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kinjo Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan (A.Y.); Department of Medicine, Mercy Hospital and Medical Center, Chicago, IL (T.A.); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (H.G.); Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson (S.M.C., H.T., J.X.-J.Y., J.G.N.G.); Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics and Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Hospital and University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine (S.Q.Y.); Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic, OH (S.C., R.D.); and Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (P.H.)
| | - Taimur Abbasi
- From Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care Medicine, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine (J.C., J.R.S., S.S., S.Z., A.Y., T.A., K.M.S., S.S., V.R., A.S., H.G., J.T., R.F.M.), Department of Pharmacology (J.R.S., R.F.M.), and Department of Bioengineering (A.V.-J., T.A.), University of Illinois at Chicago; Institute of Precision Medicine, Jining Medical University, China (J.C.); Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kinjo Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan (A.Y.); Department of Medicine, Mercy Hospital and Medical Center, Chicago, IL (T.A.); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (H.G.); Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson (S.M.C., H.T., J.X.-J.Y., J.G.N.G.); Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics and Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Hospital and University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine (S.Q.Y.); Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic, OH (S.C., R.D.); and Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (P.H.)
| | - Krystyna M Shioura
- From Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care Medicine, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine (J.C., J.R.S., S.S., S.Z., A.Y., T.A., K.M.S., S.S., V.R., A.S., H.G., J.T., R.F.M.), Department of Pharmacology (J.R.S., R.F.M.), and Department of Bioengineering (A.V.-J., T.A.), University of Illinois at Chicago; Institute of Precision Medicine, Jining Medical University, China (J.C.); Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kinjo Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan (A.Y.); Department of Medicine, Mercy Hospital and Medical Center, Chicago, IL (T.A.); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (H.G.); Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson (S.M.C., H.T., J.X.-J.Y., J.G.N.G.); Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics and Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Hospital and University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine (S.Q.Y.); Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic, OH (S.C., R.D.); and Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (P.H.)
| | - Sakshi Sahni
- From Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care Medicine, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine (J.C., J.R.S., S.S., S.Z., A.Y., T.A., K.M.S., S.S., V.R., A.S., H.G., J.T., R.F.M.), Department of Pharmacology (J.R.S., R.F.M.), and Department of Bioengineering (A.V.-J., T.A.), University of Illinois at Chicago; Institute of Precision Medicine, Jining Medical University, China (J.C.); Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kinjo Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan (A.Y.); Department of Medicine, Mercy Hospital and Medical Center, Chicago, IL (T.A.); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (H.G.); Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson (S.M.C., H.T., J.X.-J.Y., J.G.N.G.); Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics and Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Hospital and University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine (S.Q.Y.); Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic, OH (S.C., R.D.); and Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (P.H.)
| | - Vamsi Reddy
- From Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care Medicine, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine (J.C., J.R.S., S.S., S.Z., A.Y., T.A., K.M.S., S.S., V.R., A.S., H.G., J.T., R.F.M.), Department of Pharmacology (J.R.S., R.F.M.), and Department of Bioengineering (A.V.-J., T.A.), University of Illinois at Chicago; Institute of Precision Medicine, Jining Medical University, China (J.C.); Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kinjo Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan (A.Y.); Department of Medicine, Mercy Hospital and Medical Center, Chicago, IL (T.A.); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (H.G.); Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson (S.M.C., H.T., J.X.-J.Y., J.G.N.G.); Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics and Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Hospital and University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine (S.Q.Y.); Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic, OH (S.C., R.D.); and Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (P.H.)
| | - Arvind Sridhar
- From Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care Medicine, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine (J.C., J.R.S., S.S., S.Z., A.Y., T.A., K.M.S., S.S., V.R., A.S., H.G., J.T., R.F.M.), Department of Pharmacology (J.R.S., R.F.M.), and Department of Bioengineering (A.V.-J., T.A.), University of Illinois at Chicago; Institute of Precision Medicine, Jining Medical University, China (J.C.); Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kinjo Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan (A.Y.); Department of Medicine, Mercy Hospital and Medical Center, Chicago, IL (T.A.); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (H.G.); Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson (S.M.C., H.T., J.X.-J.Y., J.G.N.G.); Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics and Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Hospital and University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine (S.Q.Y.); Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic, OH (S.C., R.D.); and Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (P.H.)
| | - Hui Gao
- From Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care Medicine, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine (J.C., J.R.S., S.S., S.Z., A.Y., T.A., K.M.S., S.S., V.R., A.S., H.G., J.T., R.F.M.), Department of Pharmacology (J.R.S., R.F.M.), and Department of Bioengineering (A.V.-J., T.A.), University of Illinois at Chicago; Institute of Precision Medicine, Jining Medical University, China (J.C.); Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kinjo Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan (A.Y.); Department of Medicine, Mercy Hospital and Medical Center, Chicago, IL (T.A.); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (H.G.); Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson (S.M.C., H.T., J.X.-J.Y., J.G.N.G.); Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics and Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Hospital and University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine (S.Q.Y.); Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic, OH (S.C., R.D.); and Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (P.H.)
| | - Jaime Torres
- From Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care Medicine, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine (J.C., J.R.S., S.S., S.Z., A.Y., T.A., K.M.S., S.S., V.R., A.S., H.G., J.T., R.F.M.), Department of Pharmacology (J.R.S., R.F.M.), and Department of Bioengineering (A.V.-J., T.A.), University of Illinois at Chicago; Institute of Precision Medicine, Jining Medical University, China (J.C.); Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kinjo Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan (A.Y.); Department of Medicine, Mercy Hospital and Medical Center, Chicago, IL (T.A.); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (H.G.); Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson (S.M.C., H.T., J.X.-J.Y., J.G.N.G.); Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics and Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Hospital and University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine (S.Q.Y.); Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic, OH (S.C., R.D.); and Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (P.H.)
| | - Sara M Camp
- From Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care Medicine, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine (J.C., J.R.S., S.S., S.Z., A.Y., T.A., K.M.S., S.S., V.R., A.S., H.G., J.T., R.F.M.), Department of Pharmacology (J.R.S., R.F.M.), and Department of Bioengineering (A.V.-J., T.A.), University of Illinois at Chicago; Institute of Precision Medicine, Jining Medical University, China (J.C.); Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kinjo Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan (A.Y.); Department of Medicine, Mercy Hospital and Medical Center, Chicago, IL (T.A.); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (H.G.); Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson (S.M.C., H.T., J.X.-J.Y., J.G.N.G.); Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics and Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Hospital and University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine (S.Q.Y.); Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic, OH (S.C., R.D.); and Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (P.H.)
| | - Haiyang Tang
- From Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care Medicine, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine (J.C., J.R.S., S.S., S.Z., A.Y., T.A., K.M.S., S.S., V.R., A.S., H.G., J.T., R.F.M.), Department of Pharmacology (J.R.S., R.F.M.), and Department of Bioengineering (A.V.-J., T.A.), University of Illinois at Chicago; Institute of Precision Medicine, Jining Medical University, China (J.C.); Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kinjo Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan (A.Y.); Department of Medicine, Mercy Hospital and Medical Center, Chicago, IL (T.A.); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (H.G.); Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson (S.M.C., H.T., J.X.-J.Y., J.G.N.G.); Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics and Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Hospital and University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine (S.Q.Y.); Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic, OH (S.C., R.D.); and Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (P.H.)
| | - Shui Q Ye
- From Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care Medicine, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine (J.C., J.R.S., S.S., S.Z., A.Y., T.A., K.M.S., S.S., V.R., A.S., H.G., J.T., R.F.M.), Department of Pharmacology (J.R.S., R.F.M.), and Department of Bioengineering (A.V.-J., T.A.), University of Illinois at Chicago; Institute of Precision Medicine, Jining Medical University, China (J.C.); Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kinjo Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan (A.Y.); Department of Medicine, Mercy Hospital and Medical Center, Chicago, IL (T.A.); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (H.G.); Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson (S.M.C., H.T., J.X.-J.Y., J.G.N.G.); Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics and Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Hospital and University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine (S.Q.Y.); Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic, OH (S.C., R.D.); and Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (P.H.)
| | - Suzy Comhair
- From Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care Medicine, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine (J.C., J.R.S., S.S., S.Z., A.Y., T.A., K.M.S., S.S., V.R., A.S., H.G., J.T., R.F.M.), Department of Pharmacology (J.R.S., R.F.M.), and Department of Bioengineering (A.V.-J., T.A.), University of Illinois at Chicago; Institute of Precision Medicine, Jining Medical University, China (J.C.); Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kinjo Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan (A.Y.); Department of Medicine, Mercy Hospital and Medical Center, Chicago, IL (T.A.); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (H.G.); Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson (S.M.C., H.T., J.X.-J.Y., J.G.N.G.); Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics and Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Hospital and University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine (S.Q.Y.); Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic, OH (S.C., R.D.); and Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (P.H.)
| | - Raed Dweik
- From Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care Medicine, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine (J.C., J.R.S., S.S., S.Z., A.Y., T.A., K.M.S., S.S., V.R., A.S., H.G., J.T., R.F.M.), Department of Pharmacology (J.R.S., R.F.M.), and Department of Bioengineering (A.V.-J., T.A.), University of Illinois at Chicago; Institute of Precision Medicine, Jining Medical University, China (J.C.); Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kinjo Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan (A.Y.); Department of Medicine, Mercy Hospital and Medical Center, Chicago, IL (T.A.); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (H.G.); Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson (S.M.C., H.T., J.X.-J.Y., J.G.N.G.); Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics and Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Hospital and University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine (S.Q.Y.); Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic, OH (S.C., R.D.); and Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (P.H.)
| | - Paul Hassoun
- From Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care Medicine, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine (J.C., J.R.S., S.S., S.Z., A.Y., T.A., K.M.S., S.S., V.R., A.S., H.G., J.T., R.F.M.), Department of Pharmacology (J.R.S., R.F.M.), and Department of Bioengineering (A.V.-J., T.A.), University of Illinois at Chicago; Institute of Precision Medicine, Jining Medical University, China (J.C.); Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kinjo Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan (A.Y.); Department of Medicine, Mercy Hospital and Medical Center, Chicago, IL (T.A.); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (H.G.); Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson (S.M.C., H.T., J.X.-J.Y., J.G.N.G.); Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics and Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Hospital and University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine (S.Q.Y.); Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic, OH (S.C., R.D.); and Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (P.H.)
| | - Jason X-J Yuan
- From Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care Medicine, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine (J.C., J.R.S., S.S., S.Z., A.Y., T.A., K.M.S., S.S., V.R., A.S., H.G., J.T., R.F.M.), Department of Pharmacology (J.R.S., R.F.M.), and Department of Bioengineering (A.V.-J., T.A.), University of Illinois at Chicago; Institute of Precision Medicine, Jining Medical University, China (J.C.); Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kinjo Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan (A.Y.); Department of Medicine, Mercy Hospital and Medical Center, Chicago, IL (T.A.); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (H.G.); Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson (S.M.C., H.T., J.X.-J.Y., J.G.N.G.); Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics and Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Hospital and University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine (S.Q.Y.); Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic, OH (S.C., R.D.); and Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (P.H.)
| | - Joe G N Garcia
- From Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care Medicine, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine (J.C., J.R.S., S.S., S.Z., A.Y., T.A., K.M.S., S.S., V.R., A.S., H.G., J.T., R.F.M.), Department of Pharmacology (J.R.S., R.F.M.), and Department of Bioengineering (A.V.-J., T.A.), University of Illinois at Chicago; Institute of Precision Medicine, Jining Medical University, China (J.C.); Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kinjo Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan (A.Y.); Department of Medicine, Mercy Hospital and Medical Center, Chicago, IL (T.A.); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (H.G.); Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson (S.M.C., H.T., J.X.-J.Y., J.G.N.G.); Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics and Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Hospital and University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine (S.Q.Y.); Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic, OH (S.C., R.D.); and Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (P.H.).
| | - Roberto F Machado
- From Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care Medicine, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine (J.C., J.R.S., S.S., S.Z., A.Y., T.A., K.M.S., S.S., V.R., A.S., H.G., J.T., R.F.M.), Department of Pharmacology (J.R.S., R.F.M.), and Department of Bioengineering (A.V.-J., T.A.), University of Illinois at Chicago; Institute of Precision Medicine, Jining Medical University, China (J.C.); Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kinjo Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan (A.Y.); Department of Medicine, Mercy Hospital and Medical Center, Chicago, IL (T.A.); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (H.G.); Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson (S.M.C., H.T., J.X.-J.Y., J.G.N.G.); Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics and Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Hospital and University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine (S.Q.Y.); Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic, OH (S.C., R.D.); and Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (P.H.).
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Kennedy BE, Sharif T, Martell E, Dai C, Kim Y, Lee PWK, Gujar SA. NAD + salvage pathway in cancer metabolism and therapy. Pharmacol Res 2016; 114:274-283. [PMID: 27816507 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is an essential coenzyme for various physiological processes including energy metabolism, DNA repair, cell growth, and cell death. Many of these pathways are typically dysregulated in cancer cells, making NAD+ an intriguing target for cancer therapeutics. NAD+ is mainly synthesized by the NAD+ salvage pathway in cancer cells, and not surprisingly, the pharmacological targeting of the NAD+ salvage pathway causes cancer cell cytotoxicity in vitro and in vivo. Several studies have described the precise consequences of NAD+ depletion on cancer biology, and have demonstrated that NAD+ depletion results in depletion of energy levels through lowered rates of glycolysis, reduced citric acid cycle activity, and decreased oxidative phosphorylation. Additionally, depletion of NAD+ causes sensitization of cancer cells to oxidative damage by disruption of the anti-oxidant defense system, decreased cell proliferation, and initiation of cell death through manipulation of cell signaling pathways (e.g., SIRT1 and p53). Recently, studies have explored the effect of well-known cancer therapeutics in combination with pharmacological depletion of NAD+ levels, and found in many cases a synergistic effect on cancer cell cytotoxicity. In this context, we will discuss the effects of NAD+ salvage pathway inhibition on cancer cell biology and provide insight on this pathway as a novel anti-cancer therapeutic target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barry E Kennedy
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Tanveer Sharif
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Emma Martell
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Cathleen Dai
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Youra Kim
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Patrick W K Lee
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada; Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Shashi A Gujar
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada; Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada; Centre for Innovative and Collaborative Health Systems Research, IWK Health Centre, Halifax, NS, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Elf AK, Bernhardt P, Hofving T, Arvidsson Y, Forssell-Aronsson E, Wängberg B, Nilsson O, Johanson V. NAMPT Inhibitor GMX1778 Enhances the Efficacy of 177Lu-DOTATATE Treatment of Neuroendocrine Tumors. J Nucl Med 2016; 58:288-292. [PMID: 27688470 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.116.177584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) can be treated by peptide receptor radionuclide therapy using radiolabeled somatostatin analogs. However, the efficacy of such treatment is low and needs to be optimized. Our study evaluated the potential radiosensitizing effects of inhibition of nicotineamide phosphoribosyltransferase on 177Lu-DOTATATE treatment in a NET model. METHODS Nude mice xenografted with the human NET cell line GOT1 were treated with semiefficient doses of 177Lu-DOTATATE (7.5 MBq, intravenously) or the nicotineamide phosphoribosyltransferase inhibitor GMX1778 (100 mg/kg/wk, orally). RESULTS Median time to tumor progression (tumor volume larger than at day 0) was 3 d for controls, 7 d for single-dose GMX1778, 28 d for single-dose 177Lu-DOTATATE, 35 d for 3 weekly doses of GMX1778, and 98 d for combined treatment with 177Lu-DOTATATE and GMX1778 × 1. After 177Lu-DOTATATE and 3 weekly doses of GMX1778, none of the tumors progressed within 120 d. CONCLUSION GMX1778 enhances the efficacy of 177Lu-DOTATATE treatment and induces a prolonged antitumor response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Karin Elf
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Peter Bernhardt
- Department of Radiation Physics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; and
| | - Tobias Hofving
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Department of Pathology and Genetics, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Yvonne Arvidsson
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Department of Pathology and Genetics, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Eva Forssell-Aronsson
- Department of Radiation Physics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; and
| | - Bo Wängberg
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ola Nilsson
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Department of Pathology and Genetics, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Viktor Johanson
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Zak M, Yuen PW, Liu X, Patel S, Sampath D, Oeh J, Liederer BM, Wang W, O’Brien T, Xiao Y, Skelton N, Hua R, Sodhi J, Wang Y, Zhang L, Zhao G, Zheng X, Ho YC, Bair KW, Dragovich PS. Minimizing CYP2C9 Inhibition of Exposed-Pyridine NAMPT (Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase) Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2016; 59:8345-68. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b00697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark Zak
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Po-wai Yuen
- Pharmaron Beijing Co. Ltd., 6 Taihe Road, BDA, Beijing 100176, PR China
| | - Xiongcai Liu
- Pharmaron Beijing Co. Ltd., 6 Taihe Road, BDA, Beijing 100176, PR China
| | - Snahel Patel
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Deepak Sampath
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jason Oeh
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Bianca M. Liederer
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Weiru Wang
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Thomas O’Brien
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Yang Xiao
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Nicholas Skelton
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Rongbao Hua
- Pharmaron Beijing Co. Ltd., 6 Taihe Road, BDA, Beijing 100176, PR China
| | - Jasleen Sodhi
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Yunli Wang
- Pharmaron Beijing Co. Ltd., 6 Taihe Road, BDA, Beijing 100176, PR China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Pharmaron Beijing Co. Ltd., 6 Taihe Road, BDA, Beijing 100176, PR China
| | - Guiling Zhao
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Xiaozhang Zheng
- FORMA Therapeutics Inc., 500 Arsenal Street, Watertown, Massachusetts 02472, United States
| | - Yen-Ching Ho
- FORMA Therapeutics Inc., 500 Arsenal Street, Watertown, Massachusetts 02472, United States
| | - Kenneth W. Bair
- FORMA Therapeutics Inc., 500 Arsenal Street, Watertown, Massachusetts 02472, United States
| | - Peter S. Dragovich
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Roy A, Srivastava M, Saqib U, Liu D, Faisal SM, Sugathan S, Bishnoi S, Baig MS. Potential therapeutic targets for inflammation in toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-mediated signaling pathways. Int Immunopharmacol 2016; 40:79-89. [PMID: 27584057 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2016.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2016] [Revised: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is set off when innate immune cells detect infection or tissue injury. Tight control of the severity, duration, and location of inflammation is an absolute requirement for an appropriate balance between clearance of injured tissue and pathogens versus damage to host cells. Impeding the risk associated with the imbalance in the inflammatory response requires precise identification of potential therapeutic targets involved in provoking the inflammation. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) primarily known for the pathogen recognition and subsequent immune responses are being investigated for their pathogenic role in various chronic diseases. A mammalian homologue of Drosophila Toll receptor 4 (TLR4) was shown to induce the expression of genes involved in inflammatory responses. Signaling pathways via TLR4 activate various transcription factors like Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer (NF-κB), activator protein 1 (AP1), Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription family of transcription factors (STAT1) and Interferon regulatory factors (IRF's), which are the key players regulating the inflammatory response. Inhibition of these targets and their upstream signaling molecules provides a potential therapeutic approach to treat inflammatory diseases. Here we review the therapeutic targets involved in TLR-4 signaling pathways that are critical for suppressing chronic inflammatory disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Roy
- Center for Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering (BSBE), Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Indore, MP, India
| | - Mansi Srivastava
- Center for Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering (BSBE), Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Indore, MP, India
| | - Uzma Saqib
- Discipline of Chemistry, School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Indore (IITI), Indore, MP, India
| | - Dongfang Liu
- Center for Inflammation & Epigenetics, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Syed M Faisal
- National Institute of Animal Biotechnology (NIAB), Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Subi Sugathan
- Center for Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering (BSBE), Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Indore, MP, India
| | - Suman Bishnoi
- Center for Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering (BSBE), Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Indore, MP, India
| | - Mirza S Baig
- Center for Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering (BSBE), Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Indore, MP, India.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Lymphomagenic CARD11/BCL10/MALT1 signaling drives malignant B-cell proliferation via cooperative NF-κB and JNK activation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:E7230-8. [PMID: 26668357 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1507459112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The aggressive activated B cell-like subtype of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma is characterized by aberrant B-cell receptor (BCR) signaling and constitutive nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) activation, which is required for tumor cell survival. BCR-induced NF-κB activation requires caspase recruitment domain-containing protein 11 (CARD11), and CARD11 gain-of-function mutations are recurrently detected in human diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). To investigate the consequences of dysregulated CARD11 signaling in vivo, we generated mice that conditionally express the human DLBCL-derived CARD11(L225LI) mutant. Surprisingly, CARD11(L225LI) was sufficient to trigger aggressive B-cell lymphoproliferation, leading to early postnatal lethality. CARD11(L225LI) constitutively associated with B-cell CLL/lymphoma 10 (BCL10) and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma translocation gene 1 (MALT1) to simultaneously activate the NF-κB and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling cascades. Genetic deficiencies of either BCL10 or MALT1 completely rescued the phenotype, and pharmacological inhibition of JNK was, similar to NF-κB blockage, toxic to autonomously proliferating CARD11(L225LI)-expressing B cells. Moreover, constitutive JNK activity was observed in primary human activated B cell-like (ABC)-DLBCL specimens, and human ABC-DLBCL cells were also sensitive to JNK inhibitors. Thus, our results demonstrate that enforced activation of CARD11/BCL10/MALT1 signaling is sufficient to drive transformed B-cell expansion in vivo and identify the JNK pathway as a therapeutic target for ABC-DLBCL.
Collapse
|
39
|
Wang X, Xu TY, Liu XZ, Zhang SL, Wang P, Li ZY, Guan YF, Wang SN, Dong GQ, Zhuo S, Le YY, Sheng CQ, Miao CY. Discovery of Novel Inhibitors and Fluorescent Probe Targeting NAMPT. Sci Rep 2015; 5:12657. [PMID: 26227784 PMCID: PMC4521150 DOI: 10.1038/srep12657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) is a promising antitumor target. Novel NAMPT inhibitors with diverse chemotypes are highly desirable for development of antitumor agents. Using high throughput screening system targeting NAMPT on a chemical library of 30000 small-molecules, we found a non-fluorescent compound F671-0003 and a fluorescent compound M049-0244 with excellent in vitro activity (IC50: 85 nM and 170 nM respectively) and anti-proliferative activity against HepG2 cells. These two compounds significantly depleted cellular NAD levels. Exogenous NMN rescued their anti-proliferative activity against HepG2 cells. Structure-activity relationship study proposed a binding mode for NAMPT inhibitor F671-0003 and highlighted the importance of hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic and π-π interactions in inhibitor binding. Imaging study provided the evidence that fluorescent compound M049-0244 (3 μM) significantly stained living HepG2 cells. Cellular fluorescence was further verified to be NAMPT dependent by using RNA interference and NAMPT over expression transgenic mice. Our findings provide novel antitumor lead compounds and a "first-in-class" fluorescent probe for imaging NAMPT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xia Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tian-Ying Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin-Zhu Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sai-Long Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Pei Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi-Yong Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun-Feng Guan
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shu-Na Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guo-Qiang Dong
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shu Zhuo
- 1] Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences. [2] Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Ying-Ying Le
- 1] Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences. [2] Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Chun-Quan Sheng
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao-Yu Miao
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Sampath D, Zabka TS, Misner DL, O’Brien T, Dragovich PS. Inhibition of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) as a therapeutic strategy in cancer. Pharmacol Ther 2015; 151:16-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2015.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
41
|
Roulston A, Shore GC. New strategies to maximize therapeutic opportunities for NAMPT inhibitors in oncology. Mol Cell Oncol 2015; 3:e1052180. [PMID: 27308565 PMCID: PMC4845202 DOI: 10.1080/23723556.2015.1052180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) is crucial for nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD(+)) biosynthesis in mammalian cells. NAMPT inhibitors represent multifunctional anticancer agents that act on NAD(+) metabolism to shut down glycolysis, nucleotide biosynthesis, and ATP generation and act indirectly as PARP and sirtuin inhibitors. The selectivity of NAMPT inhibitors preys on the increased metabolic requirements to replenish NAD(+) in cancer cells. Although initial clinical studies with NAMPT inhibitors did not achieve single-agent therapeutic levels before dose-limiting toxicities were reached, a new understanding of alternative rescue pathways and a biomarker that can be used to select patients provides new opportunities to widen the therapeutic window and achieve efficacious doses in the clinic. Recent work has also illustrated the potential for drug combination strategies to further enhance the therapeutic opportunities. This review summarizes recent discoveries in NAD(+)/NAMPT inhibitor biology in the context of exploiting this new knowledge to optimize the clinical outcomes for this promising new class of agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Roulston
- Laboratory for Therapeutic Development, Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre, and Dept. Biochemistry, McGill University , Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Gordon C Shore
- Laboratory for Therapeutic Development, Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre, and Dept. Biochemistry, McGill University , Montreal, QC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Xu TY, Zhang SL, Dong GQ, Liu XZ, Wang X, Lv XQ, Qian QJ, Zhang RY, Sheng CQ, Miao CY. Discovery and characterization of novel small-molecule inhibitors targeting nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase. Sci Rep 2015; 5:10043. [PMID: 26040985 PMCID: PMC4603696 DOI: 10.1038/srep10043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) is a promising anticancer target. Using high throughput screening system targeting NAMPT, we obtained a potent NAMPT inhibitor MS0 (China Patent ZL201110447488.9) with excellent in vitro activity (IC50 = 9.87 ± 1.15nM) and anti-proliferative activity against multiple human cancer cell lines including stem-like cancer cells. Structure-activity relationship studies yielded several highly effective analogues. These inhibitors specifically bound NAMPT, rather than downstream NMNAT. We provided the first chemical case using cellular thermal shift assay to explain the difference between in vitro and cellular activity; MS7 showed best in vitro activity (IC50 = 0.93 ± 0.29 nM) but worst cellular activity due to poor target engagement in living cells. Site-directed mutagenesis studies identified important residues for NAMPT catalytic activity and inhibitor binding. The present findings contribute to deep understanding the action mode of NAMPT inhibitors and future development of NAMPT inhibitors as anticancer agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Qi-Jun Qian
- Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgical Hospital &Institute, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Takeuchi M, Yamamoto T. Apoptosis induced by NAD depletion is inhibited by KN-93 in a CaMKII-independent manner. Exp Cell Res 2015; 335:62-7. [PMID: 26024774 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2015.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Revised: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) is a key enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of nicotinamide mononucleotide from nicotinamide (Nam) in the salvage pathway of mammalian NAD biosynthesis. Several potent NAMPT inhibitors have been identified and used to investigate the role of intracellular NAD and to develop therapeutics. NAD depletion induced by NAMPT inhibitors depolarizes mitochondrial membrane potential and causes apoptosis in a range of cell types. However, the mechanisms behind this depolarization have not been precisely elucidated. We observed that apoptosis of THP-1 cells in response to NAMPT inhibitors was reduced by the Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) inhibitor KN-93 via an unknown mechanism. The inactive analog of KN-93, KN-92, exhibited the same activity, but the CaMKII-inhibiting cell-permeable autocamtide-2-related inhibitory peptide II did not, indicating that the inhibition of THP-1 cell apoptosis was not dependent on CaMKII. In evaluating the mechanism of action, we confirmed that KN-93 did not inhibit decreases in NAD levels but did inhibit decreases in mitochondrial membrane potential, indicating that KN-93 exerts inhibition upstream of the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis. Further, qPCR analysis of the Bcl-2 family of proteins showed that Bim is efficiently expressed following NAMPT inhibition and that KN-92 did not inhibit this expression. The L-type Ca(2+) channel blockers verapamil and nimodipine partially inhibited apoptosis, indicating that part of this effect is dependent on Ca(2+) channel inhibition, as both KN-93 and KN-92 are reported to inhibit L-type Ca(2+) channels. On the other hand, KN-93 and KN-92 did not markedly inhibit apoptosis induced by anti-cancer agents such as etoposide, actinomycin D, ABT-737, or TW-37, indicating that the mechanism of inhibition is specific to apoptosis induced by NAD depletion. These results demonstrate that NAD depletion induces a specific type of apoptosis that is effectively inhibited by the KN-93 series of compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mikio Takeuchi
- Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., Miyukigaoka 21, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8585, Japan; Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chiba 260-8675, Japan.
| | - Tomoko Yamamoto
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Li F, Zhang J, Arfuso F, Chinnathambi A, Zayed ME, Alharbi SA, Kumar AP, Ahn KS, Sethi G. NF-κB in cancer therapy. Arch Toxicol 2015; 89:711-31. [PMID: 25690730 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-015-1470-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The transcription factor nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) has attracted increasing attention in the field of cancer research from last few decades. Aberrant activation of this transcription factor is frequently encountered in a variety of solid tumors and hematological malignancies. NF-κB family members and their regulated genes have been linked to malignant transformation, tumor cell proliferation, survival, angiogenesis, invasion/metastasis, and therapeutic resistance. In this review, we highlight the diverse molecular mechanism(s) by which the NF-κB pathway is constitutively activated in different types of human cancers, and the potential role of various oncogenic genes regulated by this transcription factor in cancer development and progression. Additionally, various pharmacological approaches employed to target the deregulated NF-κB signaling pathway, and their possible therapeutic potential in cancer therapy is also discussed briefly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Cancer Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Zak M, Liederer BM, Sampath D, Yuen PW, Bair KW, Baumeister T, Buckmelter AJ, Clodfelter KH, Cheng E, Crocker L, Fu B, Han B, Li G, Ho YC, Lin J, Liu X, Ly J, O'Brien T, Reynolds DJ, Skelton N, Smith CC, Tay S, Wang W, Wang Z, Xiao Y, Zhang L, Zhao G, Zheng X, Dragovich PS. Identification of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) inhibitors with no evidence of CYP3A4 time-dependent inhibition and improved aqueous solubility. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 25:529-41. [PMID: 25556090 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Herein we report the optimization efforts to ameliorate the potent CYP3A4 time-dependent inhibition (TDI) and low aqueous solubility exhibited by a previously identified lead compound from our NAMPT inhibitor program (1, GNE-617). Metabolite identification studies pinpointed the imidazopyridine moiety present in 1 as the likely source of the TDI signal, and replacement with other bicyclic systems was found to reduce or eliminate the TDI finding. A strategy of reducing the number of aromatic rings and/or lowering cLogD7.4 was then employed to significantly improve aqueous solubility. These efforts culminated in the discovery of 42, a compound with no evidence of TDI, improved aqueous solubility, and robust efficacy in tumor xenograft studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark Zak
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
| | | | - Deepak Sampath
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Po-Wai Yuen
- Pharmaron Beijing Co. Ltd, 6 Taihe Road, BDA, Beijing 100176, PR China
| | - Kenneth W Bair
- Forma Therapeutics Inc., 500 Arsenal Street, Watertown, MA 02472, USA
| | - Timm Baumeister
- Forma Therapeutics Inc., 500 Arsenal Street, Watertown, MA 02472, USA
| | | | - Karl H Clodfelter
- Forma Therapeutics Inc., 500 Arsenal Street, Watertown, MA 02472, USA
| | - Eric Cheng
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Lisa Crocker
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Bang Fu
- Pharmaron Beijing Co. Ltd, 6 Taihe Road, BDA, Beijing 100176, PR China
| | - Bingsong Han
- Forma Therapeutics Inc., 500 Arsenal Street, Watertown, MA 02472, USA
| | - Guangkun Li
- Pharmaron Beijing Co. Ltd, 6 Taihe Road, BDA, Beijing 100176, PR China
| | - Yen-Ching Ho
- Forma Therapeutics Inc., 500 Arsenal Street, Watertown, MA 02472, USA
| | - Jian Lin
- Forma Therapeutics Inc., 500 Arsenal Street, Watertown, MA 02472, USA
| | - Xiongcai Liu
- Pharmaron Beijing Co. Ltd, 6 Taihe Road, BDA, Beijing 100176, PR China
| | - Justin Ly
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Thomas O'Brien
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | | | | | - Chase C Smith
- Forma Therapeutics Inc., 500 Arsenal Street, Watertown, MA 02472, USA
| | - Suzanne Tay
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Weiru Wang
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Zhongguo Wang
- Forma Therapeutics Inc., 500 Arsenal Street, Watertown, MA 02472, USA
| | - Yang Xiao
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Lei Zhang
- Pharmaron Beijing Co. Ltd, 6 Taihe Road, BDA, Beijing 100176, PR China
| | - Guiling Zhao
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Xiaozhang Zheng
- Forma Therapeutics Inc., 500 Arsenal Street, Watertown, MA 02472, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Zabka TS, Singh J, Dhawan P, Liederer BM, Oeh J, Kauss MA, Xiao Y, Zak M, Lin T, McCray B, La N, Nguyen T, Beyer J, Farman C, Uppal H, Dragovich PS, O'Brien T, Sampath D, Misner DL. Retinal toxicity, in vivo and in vitro, associated with inhibition of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase. Toxicol Sci 2014; 144:163-72. [PMID: 25505128 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfu268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) is a pleiotropic protein with intra- and extra-cellular functions as an enzyme, cytokine, growth factor, and hormone. NAMPT is of interest for oncology, because it catalyzes the rate-limiting step in the salvage pathway to generate nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), which is considered a universal energy- and signal-carrying molecule involved in cellular energy metabolism and many homeostatic functions. This manuscript describes NAMPT inhibitor-induced retinal toxicity that was identified in rodent safety studies. This toxicity had a rapid onset and progression and initially targeted the photoreceptor and outer nuclear layers. Using in vivo safety and efficacy rodent studies, human and mouse cell line potency data, human and rat retinal pigmented epithelial cell in vitro systems, and rat mRNA expression data of NAMPT, nicotinic acid phosphoribosyltransferase, and nicotinamide mononucleotide adenylyltransferease (NMNAT) in several tissues from rat including retina, we demonstrate that the retinal toxicity is on-target and likely human relevant. We demonstrate that this toxicity is not mitigated by coadministration of nicotinic acid (NA), which can enable NAD production through the NAMPT-independent pathway. Further, modifying the physiochemical properties of NAMPT inhibitors could not sufficiently reduce retinal exposure. Our work highlights opportunities to leverage appropriately designed efficacy studies to identify known and measurable safety findings to screen compounds more rapidly and reduce animal use. It also demonstrates that in vitro systems with the appropriate cell composition and relevant biology and toxicity endpoints can provide tools to investigate mechanism of toxicity and the human translation of nonclinical safety concerns.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tanja S Zabka
- *Safety Assessment, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, DMPK, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, In-Vivo Pharmacology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, Translational Oncology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, Discovery Chemistry, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080
| | - Jatinder Singh
- *Safety Assessment, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, DMPK, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, In-Vivo Pharmacology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, Translational Oncology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, Discovery Chemistry, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080
| | - Preeti Dhawan
- *Safety Assessment, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, DMPK, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, In-Vivo Pharmacology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, Translational Oncology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, Discovery Chemistry, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080
| | - Bianca M Liederer
- *Safety Assessment, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, DMPK, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, In-Vivo Pharmacology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, Translational Oncology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, Discovery Chemistry, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080
| | - Jason Oeh
- *Safety Assessment, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, DMPK, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, In-Vivo Pharmacology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, Translational Oncology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, Discovery Chemistry, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080
| | - Mara A Kauss
- *Safety Assessment, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, DMPK, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, In-Vivo Pharmacology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, Translational Oncology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, Discovery Chemistry, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080
| | - Yang Xiao
- *Safety Assessment, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, DMPK, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, In-Vivo Pharmacology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, Translational Oncology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, Discovery Chemistry, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080
| | - Mark Zak
- *Safety Assessment, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, DMPK, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, In-Vivo Pharmacology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, Translational Oncology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, Discovery Chemistry, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080
| | - Tori Lin
- *Safety Assessment, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, DMPK, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, In-Vivo Pharmacology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, Translational Oncology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, Discovery Chemistry, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080
| | - Bobbi McCray
- *Safety Assessment, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, DMPK, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, In-Vivo Pharmacology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, Translational Oncology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, Discovery Chemistry, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080
| | - Nghi La
- *Safety Assessment, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, DMPK, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, In-Vivo Pharmacology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, Translational Oncology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, Discovery Chemistry, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080
| | - Trung Nguyen
- *Safety Assessment, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, DMPK, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, In-Vivo Pharmacology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, Translational Oncology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, Discovery Chemistry, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080
| | - Joseph Beyer
- *Safety Assessment, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, DMPK, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, In-Vivo Pharmacology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, Translational Oncology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, Discovery Chemistry, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080
| | - Cynthia Farman
- *Safety Assessment, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, DMPK, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, In-Vivo Pharmacology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, Translational Oncology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, Discovery Chemistry, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080
| | - Hirdesh Uppal
- *Safety Assessment, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, DMPK, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, In-Vivo Pharmacology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, Translational Oncology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, Discovery Chemistry, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080
| | - Peter S Dragovich
- *Safety Assessment, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, DMPK, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, In-Vivo Pharmacology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, Translational Oncology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, Discovery Chemistry, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080
| | - Thomas O'Brien
- *Safety Assessment, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, DMPK, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, In-Vivo Pharmacology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, Translational Oncology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, Discovery Chemistry, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080
| | - Deepak Sampath
- *Safety Assessment, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, DMPK, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, In-Vivo Pharmacology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, Translational Oncology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, Discovery Chemistry, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080
| | - Dinah L Misner
- *Safety Assessment, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, DMPK, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, In-Vivo Pharmacology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, Translational Oncology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, Discovery Chemistry, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Wang W, Elkins K, Oh A, Ho YC, Wu J, Li H, Xiao Y, Kwong M, Coons M, Brillantes B, Cheng E, Crocker L, Dragovich PS, Sampath D, Zheng X, Bair KW, O'Brien T, Belmont LD. Structural basis for resistance to diverse classes of NAMPT inhibitors. PLoS One 2014; 9:e109366. [PMID: 25285661 PMCID: PMC4186856 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0109366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhibiting NAD biosynthesis by blocking the function of nicotinamide phosphoribosyl transferase (NAMPT) is an attractive therapeutic strategy for targeting tumor metabolism. However, the development of drug resistance commonly limits the efficacy of cancer therapeutics. This study identifies mutations in NAMPT that confer resistance to a novel NAMPT inhibitor, GNE-618, in cell culture and in vivo, thus demonstrating that the cytotoxicity of GNE-618 is on target. We determine the crystal structures of six NAMPT mutants in the apo form and in complex with various inhibitors and use cellular, biochemical and structural data to elucidate two resistance mechanisms. One is the surprising finding of allosteric modulation by mutation of residue Ser165, resulting in unwinding of an α-helix that binds the NAMPT substrate 5-phosphoribosyl-1-pyrophosphate (PRPP). The other mechanism is orthosteric blocking of inhibitor binding by mutations of Gly217. Furthermore, by evaluating a panel of diverse small molecule inhibitors, we unravel inhibitor structure activity relationships on the mutant enzymes. These results provide valuable insights into the design of next generation NAMPT inhibitors that offer improved therapeutic potential by evading certain mechanisms of resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weiru Wang
- Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Kristi Elkins
- Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Angela Oh
- Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Yen-Ching Ho
- Forma Therapeutics, Inc., Watertown, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jiansheng Wu
- Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Hong Li
- Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Yang Xiao
- Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Mandy Kwong
- Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Mary Coons
- Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Bobby Brillantes
- Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Eric Cheng
- Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Lisa Crocker
- Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Peter S. Dragovich
- Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Deepak Sampath
- Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Xiaozhang Zheng
- Forma Therapeutics, Inc., Watertown, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Kenneth W. Bair
- Forma Therapeutics, Inc., Watertown, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Thomas O'Brien
- Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Lisa D. Belmont
- Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Supplementation of nicotinic acid with NAMPT inhibitors results in loss of in vivo efficacy in NAPRT1-deficient tumor models. Neoplasia 2014; 15:1314-29. [PMID: 24403854 DOI: 10.1593/neo.131718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Revised: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) is a metabolite essential for cell survival and generated de novo from tryptophan or recycled from nicotinamide (NAM) through the nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT)-dependent salvage pathway. Alternatively, nicotinic acid (NA) is metabolized to NAD through the nicotinic acid phosphoribosyltransferase domain containing 1 (NAPRT1)-dependent salvage pathway. Tumor cells are more reliant on the NAMPT salvage pathway making this enzyme an attractive therapeutic target. Moreover, the therapeutic index of NAMPT inhibitors may be increased by in NAPRT-deficient tumors by NA supplementation as normal tissues may regenerate NAD through NAPRT1. To confirm the latter, we tested novel NAMPT inhibitors, GNE-617 and GNE-618, in cell culture- and patient-derived tumor models. While NA did not protect NAPRT1-deficient tumor cell lines from NAMPT inhibition in vitro, it rescued efficacy of GNE-617 and GNE-618 in cell culture- and patient-derived tumor xenografts in vivo. NA co-treatment increased NAD and NAM levels in NAPRT1-deficient tumors to levels that sustained growth in vivo. Furthermore, NAM co-administration with GNE-617 led to increased tumor NAD levels and rescued in vivo efficacy as well. Importantly, tumor xenografts remained NAPRT1-deficient in the presence of NA, indicating that the NAPRT1-dependent pathway is not reactivated. Protection of NAPRT1-deficient tumors in vivo may be due to increased circulating levels of metabolites generated by mouse liver, in response to NA or through competitive reactivation of NAMPT by NAM. Our results have important implications for the development of NAMPT inhibitors when considering NA co-treatment as a rescue strategy.
Collapse
|
49
|
Dependence of tumor cell lines and patient-derived tumors on the NAD salvage pathway renders them sensitive to NAMPT inhibition with GNE-618. Neoplasia 2014; 15:1151-60. [PMID: 24204194 DOI: 10.1593/neo.131304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2013] [Revised: 08/14/2013] [Accepted: 08/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) is a critical metabolite that is required for a range of cellular reactions. A key enzyme in the NAD salvage pathway is nicotinamide phosphoribosyl transferase (NAMPT), and here, we describe GNE-618, an NAMPT inhibitor that depletes NAD and induces cell death in vitro and in vivo. While cells proficient for nicotinic acid phosphoribosyl transferase (NAPRT1) can be protected from NAMPT inhibition as they convert nicotinic acid (NA) to NAD independent of the salvage pathway, this protection only occurs if NA is added before NAD depletion. We also demonstrate that tumor cells are unable to generate NAD by de novo synthesis as they lack expression of key enzymes in this pathway, thus providing a mechanistic rationale for the reliance of tumor cells on the NAD salvage pathway. Identifying tumors that are sensitive to NAMPT inhibition is one potential way to enhance the therapeutic effectiveness of an NAMPT inhibitor, and here, we show that NAMPT, but not NAPRT1, mRNA and protein levels inversely correlate with sensitivity to GNE-618 across a panel of 53 non-small cell lung carcinoma cell lines. Finally, we demonstrate that GNE-618 reduced tumor growth in a patient-derived model, which is thought to more closely represent heterogeneous primary patient tumors. Thus, we show that dependence of tumor cells on the NAD salvage pathway renders them sensitive to GNE-618 in vitro and in vivo, and our data support further evaluation of the use of NAMPT mRNA and protein levels as predictors of overall sensitivity.
Collapse
|
50
|
Giannetti AM, Zheng X, Skelton NJ, Wang W, Bravo BJ, Bair KW, Baumeister T, Cheng E, Crocker L, Feng Y, Gunzner-Toste J, Ho YC, Hua R, Liederer BM, Liu Y, Ma X, O'Brien T, Oeh J, Sampath D, Shen Y, Wang C, Wang L, Wu H, Xiao Y, Yuen PW, Zak M, Zhao G, Zhao Q, Dragovich PS. Fragment-based identification of amides derived from trans-2-(pyridin-3-yl)cyclopropanecarboxylic acid as potent inhibitors of human nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT). J Med Chem 2014; 57:770-92. [PMID: 24405419 DOI: 10.1021/jm4015108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Potent, trans-2-(pyridin-3-yl)cyclopropanecarboxamide-containing inhibitors of the human nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) enzyme were identified using fragment-based screening and structure-based design techniques. Multiple crystal structures were obtained of initial fragment leads, and this structural information was utilized to improve the biochemical and cell-based potency of the associated molecules. Many of the optimized compounds exhibited nanomolar antiproliferative activities against human tumor lines in in vitro cell culture experiments. In a key example, a fragment lead (13, KD = 51 μM) was elaborated into a potent NAMPT inhibitor (39, NAMPT IC50 = 0.0051 μM, A2780 cell culture IC50 = 0.000 49 μM) which demonstrated encouraging in vivo efficacy in an HT-1080 mouse xenograft tumor model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony M Giannetti
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|