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Zizzo N, Passantino G, D'alessio RM, Tinelli A, Lopresti G, Patruno R, Tricarico D, Maqoud F, Scala R, Zito FA, Ranieri G. Thymidine Phosphorylase Expression and Microvascular Density Correlation Analysis in Canine Mammary Tumor: Possible Prognostic Factor in Breast Cancer. Front Vet Sci 2019; 6:368. [PMID: 31709268 PMCID: PMC6823610 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2019.00368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: The thymidine phosphorylase (TP) is a key enzyme involved in the metabolism of pyrimidines. Inhibition or downregulation of this enzyme causes accumulation of metabolites with consequences in DNA replication. TP regulates angiogenesis and chemotactic activity of endothelial cells. Different studies showed the presence of TP upregulation in human cancer but the correlation between TP expression and the microvascular density (MVD) in canine mammary tumors is unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate a possible correlation between the MVD and TP expression in tumor cells of canine mammary tumors of different degree of severity (G1–G3) by immunohistochemical analysis. Methods: Sixty-eight samples of spontaneous mammary neoplasia of 5–12 cm in diameter were collected from purebred and mixed-breed dogs (mean aged = 9.5 ± 7), not subject to chemotherapy treatments in veterinary clinics. Histopathological analysis and immunostaining were performed. Results: Carcinoma simple samples have been classified as 72.06% of tubule-papillary, 20.59% cysto-papillary, and 7.35% tubular carcinomas. Immunostainings revealed a marked cytoplasmic expression of TP in 30.88% of samples, mild in 32.35%, weaker in 22.07%, and negative in 14.70%. The correlation analysis and two-way ANOVA showed a linear correlation between MVD and TP with a coefficient of correlation (r) > 0.5 (p < 0.05) in G2 and G3. No correlation between variables was found in G1. Conclusions: These findings suggest that cytoplasmic TP overexpression is correlated with microvascular density in canine mammary tumors, in severe grade, and it can be a potential prognostic factor in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Zizzo
- Section of Veterinary Pathology and Comparative Oncology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Valenzano, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Passantino
- Section of Veterinary Pathology and Comparative Oncology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Valenzano, Italy
| | - Roberta Maria D'alessio
- Section of Veterinary Pathology and Comparative Oncology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Valenzano, Italy.,MD Freelancer, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Antonella Tinelli
- Section of Veterinary Pathology and Comparative Oncology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Valenzano, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Lopresti
- Section of Veterinary Pathology and Comparative Oncology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Valenzano, Italy
| | - Rosa Patruno
- Section of Veterinary Pathology and Comparative Oncology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Valenzano, Italy
| | - Domenico Tricarico
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Fatima Maqoud
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Rosa Scala
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Alfredo Zito
- Interventional and Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Pathology National Cancer Research Centre, IRCCS Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II, Bari, Italy
| | - Girolamo Ranieri
- Interventional and Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Pathology National Cancer Research Centre, IRCCS Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II, Bari, Italy
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Dorababu A. Evolution of uracil based thymidine phosphorylase inhibitors, SAR and electronic correlation: revisit. Drug Dev Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Atukuri Dorababu
- Department of Studies in ChemistrySRMPP Govt. First Grade College Huvinahadagali Karnataka India
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Jézéquel P, Guette C, Lasla H, Gouraud W, Boissard A, Guérin‐Charbonnel C, Campone M. iTRAQ‐Based Quantitative Proteomic Analysis Strengthens Transcriptomic Subtyping of Triple‐Negative Breast Cancer Tumors. Proteomics 2019; 19:e1800484. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201800484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Jézéquel
- Unité de Bioinfomique Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest Bd Jacques Monod 44805 Saint Herblain Cedex France
- Unité Mixte de Génomique du Cancer Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest ‐ René Gauducheau Bd Jacques Monod 44805 Saint Herblain Cedex France
- INSERM U1232 44007 Nantes Cedex France
- SIRIC ILIAD Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest‐René Gauducheau 44805 Saint Herblain Cedex France
| | - Catherine Guette
- SIRIC ILIAD Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest‐René Gauducheau 44805 Saint Herblain Cedex France
- Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest—Paul Papin 49055 Angers Cedex France
| | - Hamza Lasla
- Unité de Bioinfomique Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest Bd Jacques Monod 44805 Saint Herblain Cedex France
- SIRIC ILIAD Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest‐René Gauducheau 44805 Saint Herblain Cedex France
| | - Wilfried Gouraud
- Unité de Bioinfomique Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest Bd Jacques Monod 44805 Saint Herblain Cedex France
- Unité Mixte de Génomique du Cancer Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest ‐ René Gauducheau Bd Jacques Monod 44805 Saint Herblain Cedex France
- SIRIC ILIAD Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest‐René Gauducheau 44805 Saint Herblain Cedex France
| | - Alice Boissard
- SIRIC ILIAD Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest‐René Gauducheau 44805 Saint Herblain Cedex France
- Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest—Paul Papin 49055 Angers Cedex France
| | - Catherine Guérin‐Charbonnel
- Unité de Bioinfomique Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest Bd Jacques Monod 44805 Saint Herblain Cedex France
- Unité Mixte de Génomique du Cancer Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest ‐ René Gauducheau Bd Jacques Monod 44805 Saint Herblain Cedex France
- SIRIC ILIAD Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest‐René Gauducheau 44805 Saint Herblain Cedex France
| | - Mario Campone
- INSERM U1232 44007 Nantes Cedex France
- SIRIC ILIAD Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest‐René Gauducheau 44805 Saint Herblain Cedex France
- Oncologie Médicale Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest—René Gauducheau 44805 Saint Herblain Cedex France
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Li W, Yue H. Thymidine phosphorylase: A potential new target for treating cardiovascular disease. Trends Cardiovasc Med 2017; 28:157-171. [PMID: 29108898 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcm.2017.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
We recently found that thymidine phosphorylase (TYMP), also known as platelet-derived endothelial cell growth factor, plays an important role in platelet activation in vitro and thrombosis in vivo by participating in multiple signaling pathways. Platelets are a major source of TYMP. Since platelet-mediated clot formation is a key event in several fatal diseases, such as myocardial infarction, stroke and pulmonary embolism, understanding TYMP in depth may lead to uncovering novel mechanisms in the development of cardiovascular diseases. Targeting TYMP may become a novel therapeutic for cardiovascular disorders. In this review article, we summarize the discovery of TYMP and the potential molecular mechanisms of TYMP involved in the development of various diseases, especially cardiovascular diseases. We also offer insights regarding future studies exploring the role of TYMP in the development of cardiovascular disease as well as in therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall, University, Huntington, WV; Marshall Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, Marshall University, Huntington, WV.
| | - Hong Yue
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall, University, Huntington, WV
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Bera H, Chigurupati S. Recent discovery of non-nucleobase thymidine phosphorylase inhibitors targeting cancer. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 124:992-1003. [PMID: 27783978 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2016] [Revised: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Jiang X, Zhang Z, Zhao N, He X, Guo H. Effects of Platelet-Derived Endothelial Cell Growth Factor and Doppler Perfusion Index in Patients with Colorectal Hepatic Metastases. Visc Med 2016; 32:206-10. [PMID: 27493949 DOI: 10.1159/000438916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to find out if there is a correlation between Doppler perfusion index (DPI) and platelet- derived endothelial cell growth factor (PD-ECGF), which is an angiogenic factor with angiopoietic function, in patients with colorectal carcinoma. METHODS 50 colorectal carcinoma patients (22 cases with liver metastases, 28 cases without liver metastases) and 50 healthy controls were assessed with Doppler ultrasound as a preoperative evaluation. PD-ECGF expression in postoperative specimens of the 50 cases with colorectal carcinoma was assayed by immunohistochemistry and real-time polymerase chain reaction methods. RESULTS The mean DPI value was 0.29 ± 0.05 in patients suffering from colon cancer with hepatic metastases and 0.12 ± 0.03 in the healthy control group. The DPI value was significantly higher in patients with liver metastases (p < 0.05). PD-ECGF expression in patients with colorectal liver metastases was significantly higher than that in the group without liver metastases (p < 0.05). A positive correlation was found between DPI value and PD-ECGF expression in patients with liver metastases (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS DPI and PD-ECGF may be valuable factors when screening hepatic metastases in patients with colorectal cancer and serve as practical measurements in postoperative follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueming Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhixiang Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China, Tianjin, China
| | - Na Zhao
- Tianjin General Surgery Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xianghui He
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China, Tianjin, China; Tianjin General Surgery Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Hao Guo
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China, Tianjin, China; Tianjin General Surgery Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
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Elamin YY, Rafee S, Osman N, O Byrne KJ, Gately K. Thymidine Phosphorylase in Cancer; Enemy or Friend? CANCER MICROENVIRONMENT 2015; 9:33-43. [PMID: 26298314 DOI: 10.1007/s12307-015-0173-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Thymidine phosphorylase (TP) is a nucleoside metabolism enzyme that plays an important role in the pyrimidine pathway.TP catalyzes the conversion of thymidine to thymine and 2-deoxy-α-D-ribose-1-phosphate (dRib-1-P). Although this reaction is reversible, the main metabolic function of TP is catabolic. TP is identical to the angiogenic factor platelet-derived endothelial-cell growth factor (PD-ECGF). TP is overexpressed in several human cancers in response to cellular stressful conditions like hypoxia, acidosis, chemotherapy and radiotherapy. TP has been shown to promote tumor angiogenesis, invasion, metastasis, evasion of the immune-response and resistance to apoptosis. Some of the biological effects of TP are dependent on its enzymatic activity, while others are mediated through cytokines like interleukin 10 (IL-10), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and tumour necrosis factor α (TNFα). Interestingly, TP also plays a role in cancer treatment through its role in the conversion of the oral fluoropyrimidine capecitabine into its active form 5-FU. TP is a predictive marker for fluoropyrimidine response. Given its various biological functions in cancer progression, TP is a promising target in cancer treatment. Further translational research is required in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasir Y Elamin
- Department of Medical Oncology, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Shereen Rafee
- Department of Medical Oncology, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Nemer Osman
- Department of Medical Oncology, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Kenneth J O Byrne
- Department of Medical Oncology, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Kathy Gately
- Thoracic Oncology Research Group, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
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Shigeta K, Ishii Y, Hasegawa H, Okabayashi K, Kitagawa Y. Evaluation of 5-fluorouracil metabolic enzymes as predictors of response to adjuvant chemotherapy outcomes in patients with stage II/III colorectal cancer: a decision-curve analysis. World J Surg 2015; 38:3248-56. [PMID: 25167895 DOI: 10.1007/s00268-014-2738-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effectiveness of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-based adjuvant chemotherapy is reported in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC), but the usefulness of 5-FU metabolic enzymes as predictive biomarkers of the efficacy of this chemotherapy remains unclear. OBJECTIVE This study aims to verify whether 5-FU metabolic enzymes are predictive biomarkers in the clinical setting of adjuvant chemotherapy for stage II/III CRC. METHODS In total, 179 patients with stage II/III CRC who were treated at our institute between 2000 and 2010 were enrolled. Messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of major 5-FU metabolic enzymes, namely thymidylate synthase, dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase, thymidine phosphorylase (TP), orotate phosphoribosyl transferase, and β-actin (control) was evaluated using the Danenberg Tumor Profile method. mRNA expression and other clinicopathological data were investigated with regard to CRC relapse. RESULTS A total of 78 patients underwent surgery alone, while 101 underwent adjuvant chemotherapy (5-FU plus leucovorin [LV] or tegafur plus uracil /LV) following surgery. Relapse-free survival was longer and risk of recurrence was lower in association with high TP mRNA expression than in association with low TP mRNA expression in the adjuvant chemotherapy group (hazard ratio 0.66; 95 % confidence interval 0.47-0.92; p = 0.016), but not in the surgery alone group. mRNA expression of no other enzymes was associated with relapse in both groups. In decision-curve analyses, the predictive efficiency of TP mRNA expression plus clinicopathological factors was slightly better than that of clinicopathological factors only. CONCLUSIONS TP mRNA expression in tumors predicted the effects of adjuvant chemotherapy for stage II/III CRC, although the beneficial effects were marginal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Shigeta
- Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan,
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Lavigne AC, Castells M, Mermet J, Kocanova S, Dalvai M, Bystricky K. Increased macroH2A1.1 expression correlates with poor survival of triple-negative breast cancer patients. PLoS One 2014; 9:e98930. [PMID: 24911873 PMCID: PMC4049614 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0098930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Accepted: 05/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) features appear to be key events in development and progression of breast cancer. Epigenetic modifications contribute to the establishment and maintenance of cancer subclasses, as well as to the EMT process. Whether histone variants contribute to these transformations is not known. We investigated the relative expression levels of histone macroH2A1 splice variants and correlated it with breast cancer status/prognosis/types. METHODS To detect differential expression of macroH2A1 variant mRNAs in breast cancer cells and tumor samples, we used the following databases: GEO, EMBL-EBI and publisher databases (may-august 2012). We extracted macroH2A1.1/macroH2A1 mRNA ratios and performed correlation studies on intrinsic molecular subclasses of breast cancer and on molecular characteristics of EMT. Associations between molecular and survival data were determined. RESULTS We found increased macroH2A1.1/macroH2A1 mRNA ratios to be associated with the claudin-low intrinsic subtype in breast cancer cell lines. At the molecular level this association translates into a positive correlation between macroH2A1 ratios and molecular characteristics of the EMT process. Moreover, untreated Triple Negative Breast Cancers presenting a high macroH2A1.1 mRNA ratio exhibit a poor outcome. CONCLUSION These results provide first evidence that macroH2A1.1 could be exploited as an actor in the maintenance of a transient cellular state in EMT progress towards metastatic development of breast tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Claire Lavigne
- Université de Toulouse; Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire Eucaryote (LBME); F-31062 Toulouse, France
- CNRS; LBME; F-31062 Toulouse, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Magali Castells
- Université de Toulouse; Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire Eucaryote (LBME); F-31062 Toulouse, France
- CNRS; LBME; F-31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Jérôme Mermet
- Université de Toulouse; Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire Eucaryote (LBME); F-31062 Toulouse, France
- CNRS; LBME; F-31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Silvia Kocanova
- Université de Toulouse; Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire Eucaryote (LBME); F-31062 Toulouse, France
- CNRS; LBME; F-31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Mathieu Dalvai
- Université de Toulouse; Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire Eucaryote (LBME); F-31062 Toulouse, France
- CNRS; LBME; F-31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Kerstin Bystricky
- Université de Toulouse; Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire Eucaryote (LBME); F-31062 Toulouse, France
- CNRS; LBME; F-31062 Toulouse, France
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Tolaney SM, Jeong J, Guo H, Brock J, Morganstern D, Come SE, Golshan M, Bellon J, Winer EP, Krop IE. A phase II study of preoperative capecitabine in women with operable hormone receptor positive breast cancer. Cancer Med 2014; 3:293-9. [PMID: 24464780 PMCID: PMC3987079 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Revised: 09/23/2013] [Accepted: 10/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Conventional preoperative chemotherapy regimens have only limited efficacy in hormone receptor positive (HR+) breast cancer and new approaches are needed. We hypothesized that capecitabine, which is effective in metastatic breast cancer, may be an active preoperative treatment for HR+ breast cancer. Women with HR+, HER2-negative operable breast cancer received capecitabine, 2000 mg/m2 daily in divided doses for 14 days, followed by a 7-day rest period. Treatment was repeated every 21 days for a total of four cycles. The primary endpoint of the study was to determine the rate of pathological complete response (pCR). Because of slow accrual, the study was closed after 24 patients were enrolled. Three patients had a complete clinical response, and eight patients had a partial clinical response, for an overall clinical response rate of 45.8%. There were no cases of pCR. Of the 22 patients who had pathological response assessment by the Miller–Payne grading system, there were six grade 3 responses, and no grade 4 or 5 responses. Toxicity was manageable: the only grade 3 toxicities observed were one case each of diarrhea, palmar plantar erythrodysesthesia, hypokalemia, and mucositis. There was no association between baseline levels, or change in level from baseline to cycle 1, or from baseline to time of surgery, of thymidine phosphorylase (TYMP), thymidylate synthase (TYMS), dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPYD), or Ki67 and pathological, clinical, or radiographic response. Preoperative capecitabine is a well-tolerated regimen, but appears not lead to pCR when used as monotherapy in HR+ breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara M Tolaney
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
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Exploratory predictive and prognostic factors in advanced breast cancer treated with metronomic chemotherapy. Anticancer Drugs 2012; 23:326-34. [DOI: 10.1097/cad.0b013e32834e735a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Farshadpour F, Roepman P, Hordijk GJ, Koole R, Slootweg PJ. A gene expression profile for non-smoking and non-drinking patients with head and neck cancer. Oral Dis 2012; 18:178-83. [PMID: 22035108 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-0825.2011.01861.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A small subset of patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma are non-smoking and non-drinking and have distinct clinical characteristics. We aimed to identify a possible different genetic profile for these patients when compared with their smoking and drinking counterparts. MATERIALS AND METHODS The gene expression data previously detected from primary tumors located in the oral cavity and oropharynx, using DNA microarray was analyzed for their differential expression between non-smoking and non-drinking patients (n = 15) and smoking and drinking patients (n = 89). Student's T-test (P < 0.05) and 10-fold cross-validation procedure (100 times repeated) were performed to determine differentially expressed genes. RESULTS Non-smoking and non-drinking patients were older, mostly female and had oral cavity-localized tumors, whereas smoking and drinking patients were younger male patients with 81% oral cavity and 19% oropharynx tumors. A set of 49 differentially expressed genes were detected. Among others, seven genes related to interferon-γ were upregulated and two genes linked to NFKB pathway were downregulated. CONCLUSIONS Differentially expressed genes in non-smoking and non-drinking patients possibly indicate the presence of a different cellular response to carcinogenic events in these patients. Further studies are warranted to validate this gene set and explore possible therapeutic implications to improve prognosis for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Farshadpour
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Castellanos-Rubio A, Caja S, Irastorza I, Fernandez-Jimenez N, Plaza-Izurieta L, Vitoria JC, Maki M, Lindfors K, Bilbao JR. Angiogenesis-related gene expression analysis in celiac disease. Autoimmunity 2012; 45:264-70. [PMID: 22136669 DOI: 10.3109/08916934.2011.637531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Celiac disease (CD) involves disturbance of the small-bowel mucosal vascular network, and transglutaminase autoantibodies (TGA) have been related to angiogenesis disturbance, a complex phenomenon probably also influenced by common genetic variants in angiogenesis-related genes. A set of genes with "angiogenesis" GO term identified in a previous expression microarray experiment (SCG2, STAB1, TGFA, ANG, ERBB2, GNA13, PML, CASP8, ECGF1, JAG1, HIF1A, TNFSF13 and TGM2) was selected for genetic and functional studies. SNPs that showed a trend for association with CD in the first GWAS were genotyped in 555 patients and 541 controls. Gene expression of all genes was quantified in 15 pairs of intestinal biopsies (diagnosis vs. GFD) and in three-dimensional HUVEC and T84 cell cultures incubated with TGA-positive and negative serum. A regulatory SNP in TNFSF13 (rs11552708) is associated with CD (p = 0.01, OR = 0.7). Expression changes in biopsies pointed to TGM2 and PML as up-regulated antiangiogenic genes and to GNA13, TGFA, ERBB2 and SCG2 as down-regulated proangiogenic factors in CD. TGA seem to enhance TGM2 expression in both cell models, but PML expression was induced only in T84 enterocytes while GNA13 and ERBB2 were repressed in HUVEC endothelial cells, with several genes showing discordant effects in each model, highlighting the complexity of gene interactions in the pathogenesis of CD. Finally, cell culture models are useful tools to help dissect complex responses observed in human explants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ainara Castellanos-Rubio
- Immunogenetics Research Laboratory, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition Research Group, Hospital de Cruces, Barakaldo, Basque Country
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Rody A, Karn T, Liedtke C, Pusztai L, Ruckhaeberle E, Hanker L, Gaetje R, Solbach C, Ahr A, Metzler D, Schmidt M, Müller V, Holtrich U, Kaufmann M. A clinically relevant gene signature in triple negative and basal-like breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res 2011; 13:R97. [PMID: 21978456 PMCID: PMC3262210 DOI: 10.1186/bcr3035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 250] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2011] [Revised: 06/14/2011] [Accepted: 10/06/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Current prognostic gene expression profiles for breast cancer mainly reflect proliferation status and are most useful in ER-positive cancers. Triple negative breast cancers (TNBC) are clinically heterogeneous and prognostic markers and biology-based therapies are needed to better treat this disease. METHODS We assembled Affymetrix gene expression data for 579 TNBC and performed unsupervised analysis to define metagenes that distinguish molecular subsets within TNBC. We used n = 394 cases for discovery and n = 185 cases for validation. Sixteen metagenes emerged that identified basal-like, apocrine and claudin-low molecular subtypes, or reflected various non-neoplastic cell populations, including immune cells, blood, adipocytes, stroma, angiogenesis and inflammation within the cancer. The expressions of these metagenes were correlated with survival and multivariate analysis was performed, including routine clinical and pathological variables. RESULTS Seventy-three percent of TNBC displayed basal-like molecular subtype that correlated with high histological grade and younger age. Survival of basal-like TNBC was not different from non basal-like TNBC. High expression of immune cell metagenes was associated with good and high expression of inflammation and angiogenesis-related metagenes were associated with poor prognosis. A ratio of high B-cell and low IL-8 metagenes identified 32% of TNBC with good prognosis (hazard ratio (HR) 0.37, 95% CI 0.22 to 0.61; P < 0.001) and was the only significant predictor in multivariate analysis including routine clinicopathological variables. CONCLUSIONS We describe a ratio of high B-cell presence and low IL-8 activity as a powerful new prognostic marker for TNBC. Inhibition of the IL-8 pathway also represents an attractive novel therapeutic target for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achim Rody
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, J. W. Goethe-University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, Frankfurt, 60590, Germany
| | - Thomas Karn
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, J. W. Goethe-University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, Frankfurt, 60590, Germany
| | - Cornelia Liedtke
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Muenster, Albert-Schweitzer Straße 33, 48149, Muenster, Germany
| | - Lajos Pusztai
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, PO Box 301439, Houston, TX 77230-1439, USA
| | - Eugen Ruckhaeberle
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, J. W. Goethe-University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, Frankfurt, 60590, Germany
| | - Lars Hanker
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, J. W. Goethe-University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, Frankfurt, 60590, Germany
| | - Regine Gaetje
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, J. W. Goethe-University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, Frankfurt, 60590, Germany
| | - Christine Solbach
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, J. W. Goethe-University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, Frankfurt, 60590, Germany
| | - Andre Ahr
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, J. W. Goethe-University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, Frankfurt, 60590, Germany
| | - Dirk Metzler
- Department of Biology II, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Grosshaderner Str. 2, Planegg-Martinsried, 82152, Germany
| | - Marcus Schmidt
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, J. Gutenberg-University, Langenbeckstr. 1, Mainz, 55131, Germany
| | - Volkmar Müller
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Hamburg, Martinistrasse 52, Hamburg, 20246, Germany
| | - Uwe Holtrich
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, J. W. Goethe-University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, Frankfurt, 60590, Germany
| | - Manfred Kaufmann
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, J. W. Goethe-University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, Frankfurt, 60590, Germany
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Thymidine phosphorylase in cancer cells stimulates human endothelial cell migration and invasion by the secretion of angiogenic factors. Br J Cancer 2011; 104:1185-92. [PMID: 21386840 PMCID: PMC3068508 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2011.74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Thymidine phosphorylase (TP) is often overexpressed in tumours and has a role in tumour aggressiveness and angiogenesis. Here, we determined whether TP increased tumour invasion and whether TP-expressing cancer cells stimulated angiogenesis. Methods: Angiogenesis was studied by exposing endothelial cells (HUVECs) to conditioned medium (CM) derived from cancer cells with high (Colo320TP1=CT-CM, RT112/TP=RT-CM) and no TP expression after which migration (wound-healing-assay) and invasion (transwell-assay) were determined. The involvement of several angiogenic factors were examined by RT–PCR, ELISA and blocking antibodies. Results: Tumour invasion was not dependent on intrinsic TP expression. The CT-CM and RT-CM stimulated HUVEC-migration and invasion by about 15 and 40%, respectively. Inhibition by 10 μM TPI and 100 μM L-dR, blocked migration and reduced the invasion by 50–70%. Thymidine phosphorylase activity in HUVECs was increased by CT-CM. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction revealed a higher mRNA expression of bFGF (Colo320TP1), IL-8 (RT112/TP) and TNF-α, but not VEGF. Blocking antibodies targeting these factors decreased the migration and invasion that was induced by the CT-CM and RT-CM, except for IL-8 in CT-CM and bFGF in RT-CM. Conclusion: In our cell line panels, TP did not increase the tumour invasion, but stimulated the migration and invasion of HUVECs by two different mechanisms. Hence, TP targeting seems to provide a potential additional strategy in the field of anti-angiogenic therapy.
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