Ten-year experience of a national multidisciplinary tumour board for cancer and pregnancy in the Netherlands

Cancer and Pregnancy: Update of Estimates in Italy by Linking Data from Cancer Registries and Hospital Discharge Records

Background/Objectives: The increasing incidence of cancer during pregnancy is a growing public health concern, driven by delayed parenthood and rising maternal age. Pregnancy-associated cancer (PAC) presents complex clinical challenges, necessitating a balance between maternal cancer treatment and fetal safety. Historically considered incompatible with favorable pregnancy outcomes, evidence now suggests that pregnancy can often proceed without affecting cancer prognosis. A 2022 study in Italy provided the first population-based PAC estimates by linking cancer registries (CRs) and hospital discharge records (HDRs). This study aimed to update PAC estimates to 2019, covering 30% of the Italian population and addressing prior data limitations. Methods: A retrospective longitudinal analysis was conducted on women aged 15-49 diagnosed with malignant cancers between 2003 and 2019. Data from 21 Italian CRs were linked with HDRs to identify PAC cases, defined as obstetric hospitalizations occurring for women diagnosed with cancer in our study cohort in the period spanning from one year before to two years after a cancer diagnosis. All malignant cancers, excluding non-melanoma skin cancers, were analyzed. PAC rates were calculated per 1000 pregnancies, and trends were assessed using log-linear and JoinPoint regression models. Results: Among 131,774 women diagnosed with cancer, 6329 PAC cases were identified, with a PAC rate of 1.43 per 1000 pregnancies, consistent with global estimates. Thyroid (24.4%) and breast cancer (23.2%) were the most common. Analyzing the PAC rate by pregnancy outcome, in the period 2015-2019, this increased for both childbirths and miscarriages but decreased for voluntary terminations. Most hospitalizations (54%) occurred pre-diagnosis, peaking at diagnosis, especially for breast cancer (69%). Conclusions: PAC incidence is rising, particularly for live births and miscarriages, underscoring the need for multidisciplinary care and robust epidemiological insights to guide clinical management.

Results of an international survey on the current organization of care for pregnant women with cancer

The global incidence of cancer is increasing, including its incidence in women of reproductive age. Still, physicians encounter this situation rarely, which could lead to substandard care. This research sought to explore opportunities to improve future care for pregnant women with cancer, by describing the outcomes of a survey distributed to physicians all over the world focusing on clinical experience with pregnant women with cancer, the organization of care and current gaps in knowledge. We included 249 responses from physicians working across 36 countries. Responses demonstrate a wide variation in the organization of care - generally lacking centralization, and the physicians' acknowledgement of insufficient knowledge on the management of pregnant women with cancer. There is a need for improvement through national centralization and/or establishing advisory boards for cancer in pregnancy. Seeing the paucity of cancer in pregnancy experience, the importance of global multidisciplinary collaboration is emphasized.

Cancer in pregnancy - The obstetrical management

Cancer in pregnancy, defined as a cancer diagnosed during pregnancy, is a rare but severe condition presenting both clinical and ethical challenges. During the last two decades a paradigm shift has occurred towards recommending similar staging and treatment regimens of pregnant and non-pregnant cancer patients. This strategy is a result of an increasing number of reassuring reports on chemotherapy treatment in pregnancy after the first trimester. The management of cancer in pregnancy should be managed in a multidisciplinary team where staging, oncological treatment, social and mental care, timing of delivery, and follow-up of the infant should be planned. Due to the rarity, centralization is recommended to allow experience accumulation. Furthermore, national and international advisory boards are supportive when there is a lack of expertise.

Clinical analysis of decision implementation by a multidisciplinary team in cervical cancer cases in Ganzhou, China

Objective

In this study, we evaluated the role of a multidisciplinary team (MDT) in clinical practice for cervical cancer by analyzing the development of a single-case multidisciplinary consultation for cervical cancer.

Methods

Patients in MDT consultations for cervical cancer were retrospectively analyzed for clinical information, decision content of MDT discussion, implementation, and follow-up results.

Results

Of the 392 patients who met the inclusion criteria, 359 had a first episode, of which 284 were stage IA-IIA2 (79.11%) and 75 were stage IIB-IVB (20.89%). Of these 392, 33 had a recurrence (8.42%). A total of 416 cases were analyzed, and neoadjuvant chemotherapy with surgery was recommended in 43 cases, of which 40 cases were implemented, and 36 of the 40 achieved the expected outcome. Surgical treatment was recommended in 241 cases, of which 226 underwent surgery, and 215 of them achieved the expected outcome. Radiotherapy was recommended in 31 cases, of which 26 cases underwent it, and 22 of them achieved the expected efficacy. Concurrent chemoradiotherapy was recommended in 57 cases, of which 49 underwent it, and 39 of them achieved the expected efficacy. Other treatments were recommended in 44 cases, of which 23 cases were implemented, and 10 of them achieved the expected efficacy, with statistically significant differences compared with cases without implementation (P <0.05). MDT decisions were correlated with age; the younger the patients, the higher the implementation efficiency (P <0.05). The difference between MDT expectation in all implementation and partial implementation and age was statistically significant (P <0.05). No significant difference was found between age and MDT expectation in all not fully implemented decisions (P >0.05). Some decisions were not fully implemented due to economic status and fear of certain treatments of the patient.

Conclusion

The MDT plays an important role in clinical practice such as clinical staging, treatment plan, and the complete treatment management of patients with cervical cancer, which can significantly improve the near-term treatment effect, whereas its effect on a long-term prognosis needs further clinical observation and active exploration.

Pros and cons of streamlining and use of computerised clinical decision support systems to future-proof oncological multidisciplinary team meetings

Introduction

Nowadays nearly every patient with cancer is discussed in a multidisciplinary team meeting (MDTM) to determine an optimal treatment plan. The growth in the number of patients to be discussed is unsustainable. Streamlining and use of computerised clinical decision support systems (CCDSSs) are two major ways to restructure MDTMs. Streamlining is the process of selecting the patients who need to be discussed and in which type of MDTM. Using CCDSSs, patient data is automatically loaded into the minutes and a guideline-based treatment proposal is generated. We aimed to identify the pros and cons of streamlining and CCDSSs.

Methods

Semi-structured interviews were conducted with Dutch MDTM participants. With purposive sampling we maximised variation in participants' characteristics. Interview data were thematically analysed.

Results

Thirty-five interviews were analysed. All interviewees agreed on the need to change the current MDTM workflow. Streamlining suggestions were thematised based on standard and complex cases and the location of the MDTM (i.e. local, regional or nationwide). Interviewees suggested easing the pressure on MDTMs by discussing standard cases briefly, not at all, or outside the MDTM with only two to three specialists. Complex cases should be discussed in tumour-type-specific regional MDTMs and highly complex cases by regional/nationwide expert teams. Categorizing patients as standard or complex was found to be the greatest challenge of streamlining. CCDSSs were recognised as promising, although none of the interviewees had made use of them. The assumed advantage was their capacity to generate protocolised treatment proposals based on automatically uploaded patient data, to unify treatment proposals and to facilitate research. However, they were thought to limit the freedom to deviate from the treatment advice.

Conclusion

To make oncological MDTMs sustainable, methods of streamlining should be developed and introduced. Physicians still have doubts about the value of CCDSSs.

Guidelines for Cancer Treatment during Pregnancy: Ethics-Related Content Evolution and Implications for Clinicians

(1) Background: Current scientific evidence suggests that most cancers, including breast cancer, can be treated during pregnancy without compromising maternal and fetal outcomes. This, however, raises questions regarding the ethical implications of clinical care. (2) Methods: Using a systematic literature search, 32 clinical practice guidelines for cancer treatment during pregnancy published between 2002 and 2021 were selected for analysis and 25 of them mentioned or made references to medical ethics when offering clinical management guidance for clinicians. (3) Results: Four bioethical themes were identified: respect for patient's autonomy, balanced approach to maternal and fetal beneficence, protection of the vulnerable and justice in resource allocation. Most guidelines recommended informing the pregnant patient about available evidence-based treatment options, offering counselling and support in the process of decision making. The relational aspect of a pregnant patient's autonomy was also recognized and endorsed in a significant number of available guidelines. (4) Conclusions: Recognition and support of a patient's autonomy and its relational aspects should remain an integral part of future clinical practice guidelines. Nevertheless, a more structured approach is needed when addressing existing and potential ethical issues in clinical practice guidelines for cancer treatment during pregnancy.