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Chen LH, Lin MY, Lin HC, Yang FW, Liao HW, Shiau CW, Chiu HC, Su JC. Discovery of new dibenzodiazepine derivatives as antibacterials against intracellular bacteria. RSC Med Chem 2024; 15:283-292. [PMID: 38283231 PMCID: PMC10809566 DOI: 10.1039/d3md00418j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
The emergence and spread of multidrug-resistant bacteria underscore the critical need for novel antibacterial interventions. In our screening of 12 synthesized thienobenzodiazepines, pyridobenzodiazepines, and dibenzodiazepines, we successfully identified a small molecule compound SW33. Notably, SW33 demonstrated potent inhibitory activity against intracellular multidrug-resistant and fluoroquinolone-resistant strains of S. typhimurium in both macrophages and epithelial cells. Furthermore, SW33 was also effective against intramacrophagic Salmonella typhi, Yersinia enterocolitica, and Listeria monocytogenes. These significant findings suggest that SW33 possesses broad-spectrum activity against intracellular bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Han Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University Taipei 10048 Taiwan (+886) 22371-1574 (+886) 22312-3456 ext 66902
| | - Man-Yi Lin
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Taipei 11221 Taiwan
| | - Hsueh-Chun Lin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University Taipei 10048 Taiwan (+886) 22371-1574 (+886) 22312-3456 ext 66902
| | - Fan-Wei Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Taipei 11221 Taiwan (+886) 22826-7000 ext 66401
| | - Hsiao-Wei Liao
- Department of Pharmacy, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Taipei 11221 Taiwan (+886) 22826-7000 ext 66401
| | - Chung-Wai Shiau
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Taipei 11221 Taiwan
| | - Hao-Chieh Chiu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University Taipei 10048 Taiwan (+886) 22371-1574 (+886) 22312-3456 ext 66902
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University Taipei 10021 Taiwan
| | - Jung-Chen Su
- Department of Pharmacy, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Taipei 11221 Taiwan (+886) 22826-7000 ext 66401
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2
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Castañeda-Leautaud AC, Vidal-Limon A, Aguila SA. Molecular dynamics and free energy calculations of clozapine bound to D2 and H1 receptors reveal a cardiometabolic mitigated derivative. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:9313-9325. [PMID: 36416566 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2148748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Most atypical antipsychotics derive from a high dropout of drug treatments due to adverse cardiometabolic side effects. These side effects are caused, in part, by the H1 receptor blockade. The current work sought a clozapine derivative with a reduced affinity for the H1 receptor while maintaining its therapeutic effect linked to D2 receptor binding. Explicit molecular dynamics simulations and end-point free energy calculations of clozapine in complex with the D2 and H1 receptors embedded in cholesterol-rich lipid bilayers were performed to analyze the intermolecular interactions and address the relevance of clozapine-functional groups. Based on that, free energy perturbation calculations were performed to measure the change in free energy of clozapine structural modifications. Our results indicate the best clozapine derivative is the iodine atom substitution for chlorine. The latter is mainly due to electrostatic interaction loss for the H1 receptor, while the halogen orientation out of the D2 active site reduces the impact on the affinity.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alma C Castañeda-Leautaud
- Centro de Nanociencias y Nanotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico
- Nanosciences, Center for Scientific Research and Higher Education of Ensenada, Ensenada, B.C., Mexico
| | - Abraham Vidal-Limon
- Instituto de Ecología A.C. (INECOL). Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Xalapa, Veracruz, México
| | - Sergio A Aguila
- Centro de Nanociencias y Nanotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico
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3
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Wong TS, Li G, Li S, Gao W, Chen G, Gan S, Zhang M, Li H, Wu S, Du Y. G protein-coupled receptors in neurodegenerative diseases and psychiatric disorders. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:177. [PMID: 37137892 PMCID: PMC10154768 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01427-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuropsychiatric disorders are multifactorial disorders with diverse aetiological factors. Identifying treatment targets is challenging because the diseases are resulting from heterogeneous biological, genetic, and environmental factors. Nevertheless, the increasing understanding of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) opens a new possibility in drug discovery. Harnessing our knowledge of molecular mechanisms and structural information of GPCRs will be advantageous for developing effective drugs. This review provides an overview of the role of GPCRs in various neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases. Besides, we highlight the emerging opportunities of novel GPCR targets and address recent progress in GPCR drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thian-Sze Wong
- Kobilka Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Steroid Drug Discovery and Development, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 518172, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Guangzhi Li
- Institute of Urology, The Affiliated Luohu Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University, 518000, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Shiliang Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 200237, Shanghai, China
- Innovation Center for AI and Drug Discovery, East China Normal University, 200062, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Gao
- Kobilka Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Steroid Drug Discovery and Development, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 518172, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Innovation Center for AI and Drug Discovery, East China Normal University, 200062, Shanghai, China
| | - Geng Chen
- Kobilka Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Steroid Drug Discovery and Development, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 518172, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Shiyi Gan
- Kobilka Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Steroid Drug Discovery and Development, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 518172, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Manzhan Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 200237, Shanghai, China
- Innovation Center for AI and Drug Discovery, East China Normal University, 200062, Shanghai, China
| | - Honglin Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 200237, Shanghai, China.
- Innovation Center for AI and Drug Discovery, East China Normal University, 200062, Shanghai, China.
| | - Song Wu
- Institute of Urology, The Affiliated Luohu Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University, 518000, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
- Department of Urology, South China Hospital, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, 518116, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yang Du
- Kobilka Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Steroid Drug Discovery and Development, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 518172, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
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4
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Lin HC, Wu YL, Hsu CY, Lin MY, Chen LH, Shiau CW, Chiu HC. Discovery of antipsychotic loxapine derivatives against intracellular multidrug-resistant bacteria. RSC Med Chem 2022; 13:1361-1366. [PMID: 36439974 PMCID: PMC9667769 DOI: 10.1039/d2md00182a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence and spread of multidrug-resistant bacteria highlight the need for new antibacterial interventions. A screening of 24 newly synthesized dibenzoxazepines identified a small molecule compound, SW14, with potent inhibitory activity against intracellular multidrug-resistant and fluoroquinolone-resistant strains of S. typhimurium in macrophages and epithelial cells. Moreover, intra-macrophagic Salmonella typhi, Yersinia enterocolitica, and Listeria monocytogenes and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus are also susceptible to SW14. Overall, our findings suggest that SW14 has a broad-spectrum activity against intracellular bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsueh-Chun Lin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University Taipei 10048 Taiwan
| | - Yi-Lun Wu
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Taipei 11221 Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yun Hsu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University Taipei 10048 Taiwan
| | - Man-Yi Lin
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Taipei 11221 Taiwan
| | - Ling-Han Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University Taipei 10048 Taiwan
| | - Chung-Wai Shiau
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Taipei 11221 Taiwan
| | - Hao-Chieh Chiu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University Taipei 10048 Taiwan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University Taipei 10021 Taiwan
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5
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Moldovean SN, Timaru DG, Chiş V. All-Atom Molecular Dynamics Investigations on the Interactions between D2 Subunit Dopamine Receptors and Three 11C-Labeled Radiopharmaceutical Ligands. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042005. [PMID: 35216115 PMCID: PMC8880249 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The D2 subunit dopamine receptor represents a key factor in modulating dopamine release. Moreover, the investigated radiopharmaceutical ligands used in positron emission tomography imaging techniques are known to bind D2 receptors, allowing for dopaminergic pathways quantification in the living human brain. Thus, the biophysical characterization of these radioligands is expected to provide additional insights into the interaction mechanisms between the vehicle molecules and their targets. Using molecular dynamics simulations and QM calculations, the present study aimed to investigate the potential positions in which the D2 dopamine receptor would most likely interact with the three distinctive synthetic 11C-labeled compounds (raclopride (3,5-dichloro-N-[[(2S)-1-ethylpyrrolidin-2-yl]methyl]-2-hydroxy-6-methoxybenzamide)—RACL, FLB457 (5-bromo-N-[[(2S)-1-ethylpyrrolidin-2-yl]methyl]-2,3-dimethoxybenzamide)—FLB457 and SCH23390 (R(+)-7-Chloro-8-hydroxy-3-methyl-1-phenyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-3-benzazepine)—SCH)), as well as to estimate the binding affinities of the ligand-receptor complexes. A docking study was performed prior to multiple 50 ns molecular dynamics productions for the ligands situated at the top and bottom interacting pockets of the receptor. The most prominent motions for the RACL ligand were described by the high fluctuations of the peripheral aliphatic -CH3 groups and by its C-Cl aromatic ring groups. In good agreement with the experimental data, the D2 dopamine receptor-RACL complex showed the highest interacting patterns for ligands docked at the receptor’s top position.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanda Nastasia Moldovean
- Faculty of Physics, Babeş-Bolyai University, 400084 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (S.N.M.); (D.-G.T.)
- Biomolecular Modeling and Computational Spectroscopy Laboratory, Institute for Research, Development and Innovation in Applied Natural Sciences, Babeş-Bolyai University, 400327 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Diana-Gabriela Timaru
- Faculty of Physics, Babeş-Bolyai University, 400084 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (S.N.M.); (D.-G.T.)
| | - Vasile Chiş
- Faculty of Physics, Babeş-Bolyai University, 400084 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (S.N.M.); (D.-G.T.)
- Biomolecular Modeling and Computational Spectroscopy Laboratory, Institute for Research, Development and Innovation in Applied Natural Sciences, Babeş-Bolyai University, 400327 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Correspondence:
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6
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Madireddy S, Madireddy S. Therapeutic Interventions to Mitigate Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Oxidative Stress–Induced Damage in Patients with Bipolar Disorder. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031844. [PMID: 35163764 PMCID: PMC8836876 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Bipolar disorder (BD) is characterized by mood changes, including recurrent manic, hypomanic, and depressive episodes, which may involve mixed symptoms. Despite the progress in neurobiological research, the pathophysiology of BD has not been extensively described to date. Progress in the understanding of the neurobiology driving BD could help facilitate the discovery of therapeutic targets and biomarkers for its early detection. Oxidative stress (OS), which damages biomolecules and causes mitochondrial and dopamine system dysfunctions, is a persistent finding in patients with BD. Inflammation and immune dysfunction might also play a role in BD pathophysiology. Specific nutrient supplements (nutraceuticals) may target neurobiological pathways suggested to be perturbed in BD, such as inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and OS. Consequently, nutraceuticals may be used in the adjunctive treatment of BD. This paper summarizes the possible roles of OS, mitochondrial dysfunction, and immune system dysregulation in the onset of BD. It then discusses OS-mitigating strategies that may serve as therapeutic interventions for BD. It also analyzes the relationship between diet and BD as well as the use of nutritional interventions in the treatment of BD. In addition, it addresses the use of lithium therapy; novel antipsychotic agents, including clozapine, olanzapine, risperidone, cariprazine, and quetiapine; and anti-inflammatory agents to treat BD. Furthermore, it reviews the efficacy of the most used therapies for BD, such as cognitive–behavioral therapy, bright light therapy, imagery-focused cognitive therapy, and electroconvulsive therapy. A better understanding of the roles of OS, mitochondrial dysfunction, and inflammation in the pathogenesis of bipolar disorder, along with a stronger elucidation of the therapeutic functions of antioxidants, antipsychotics, anti-inflammatory agents, lithium therapy, and light therapies, may lead to improved strategies for the treatment and prevention of bipolar disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahithi Madireddy
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Correspondence:
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7
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Martínez A, Ibarra IA, Vargas R. A quantum chemical approach representing a new perspective concerning agonist and antagonist drugs in the context of schizophrenia and Parkinson's disease. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0224691. [PMID: 31830046 PMCID: PMC6907805 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0224691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia and Parkinson’s disease can be controlled with dopamine antagonists and agonists. In order to improve the understanding of the reaction mechanism of these drugs, in this investigation we present a quantum chemical study of 20 antagonists and 10 agonists. Electron donor acceptor capacity and global hardness are analyzed using Density Functional Theory calculations. Following this theoretical approach, we provide new insights into the intrinsic response of these chemical species. In summary, antagonists generally prove to be better electron acceptors and worse electron donors than dopamine, whereas agonists present an electron donor-acceptor capacity similar to that of dopamine. The chemical hardness is a descriptor that captures the resistance of a chemical compound to change its number of electrons. Within this model, harder molecules are less polarizable and more stable systems. Our results show that the global hardness is similar for dopamine and agonists whilst antagonists present smaller values. Following the Hard and Soft Acid and Bases principle, it is possible to conclude that dopamine and agonists are hard bases while antagonists are soft acids, and this can be related to their activity. From the electronic point of view, we have evolved a new perspective for the classification of agonist and antagonist, which may help to analyze future results of chemical interactions triggered by these drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Martínez
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior S. N., Ciudad Universitaria, CDMX, México
- Departamento de Química, División de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, CDMX, México
- * E-mail:
| | - Ilich A. Ibarra
- Laboratorio de Fisicoquímica y Reactividad de Superficies (LaFReS), Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Rubicelia Vargas
- Departamento de Química, División de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, CDMX, México
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8
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Zanatta G, Della Flora Nunes G, Bezerra EM, da Costa RF, Martins A, Caetano EWS, Freire VN, Gottfried C. Two Binding Geometries for Risperidone in Dopamine D3 Receptors: Insights on the Fast-Off Mechanism through Docking, Quantum Biochemistry, and Molecular Dynamics Simulations. ACS Chem Neurosci 2016; 7:1331-1347. [PMID: 27434874 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.6b00074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Risperidone is an atypical antipsychotic used in the treatment of schizophrenia and of symptoms of irritability associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Its main action mechanism is the blockade of D2-like receptors acting over positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia with small risk of extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) at doses corresponding to low/moderate D2 occupancy. Such a decrease in the side effect incidence can be associated with its fast unbinding from D2 receptors in the nigrostriatal region allowing the recovery of dopamine signaling pathways. We performed docking essays using risperidone and the D3 receptor crystallographic data and results suggested two possible distinct orientations for risperidone at the binding pocket. Orientation 1 is more close to the opening of the binding site and has the 6-fluoro-1,2 benzoxazole fragment toward the bottom of the D3 receptor cleft, while orientation 2 is deeper inside the binding pocket with the same fragment toward to the receptor surface. In order to unveil the implications of these two binding orientations, classical molecular dynamics and quantum biochemistry computations within the density functional theory formalism and the molecular fractionation with conjugate caps framework were performed. Quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics suggests that orientation 2 (considering the contribution of Glu90) is slightly more energetically stable than orientation 1 with the main contribution coming from residue Asp110. The residue Glu90, positioned at the opening of the binding site, is closer to orientation 1 than 2, suggesting that it may have a key role in stability through attractive interaction with risperidone. Therefore, although orientations 1 and 2 are both likely to occur, we suggest that the occurrence of the first may contribute to the reduction of side effects in patients taking risperidone due to the reduction of dopamine receptor occupancy in the nigrostriatal region through a mechanism of fast dissociation. The atypical effect may be obtained simply by either delaying D3R full blockage by spatial hindrance of orientation 1 at the binding site or through an effective blockade followed by orientation 1 fast dissociation. While the molecular interpretation suggested in this work shed some light on the potential molecular mechanisms accounting for the reduced extrapyramidal symptoms observed during risperidone treatment, further studies are necessary in order to evaluate the implications of both orientations during the receptor activation/inhibition. Altogether these data highlight important hot spots in the dopamine receptor binding site bringing relevant information for the development of novel/derivative agents with atypical profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geancarlo Zanatta
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, 90035-003 Porto
Alegre, RS Brazil
| | - Gustavo Della Flora Nunes
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, 90035-003 Porto
Alegre, RS Brazil
| | - Eveline M. Bezerra
- Post-graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacy Faculty, Federal University of Ceará, 60430-372 Fortaleza, CE Brazil
| | - Roner F. da Costa
- Department of Physics, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, 59780-000 Caraúbas, RN Brazil
| | - Alice Martins
- Post-graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacy Faculty, Federal University of Ceará, 60430-372 Fortaleza, CE Brazil
| | - Ewerton W. S. Caetano
- Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology, 60040-531 Fortaleza, CE Brazil
| | - Valder N. Freire
- Department of Physics, Federal University of Ceará, 60455-760 Fortaleza, CE Brazil
| | - Carmem Gottfried
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, 90035-003 Porto
Alegre, RS Brazil
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9
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Ishikawa T, Zhu BL, Maeda H. Effects of therapeutic agents on cellular respiration as an indication of metabolic activity. Hum Exp Toxicol 2016; 25:135-40. [PMID: 16634332 DOI: 10.1191/0960327106ht610oa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Animal experiments are indispensable in the investigation of the toxicity of drugs on cells, but may not be preferred for ethical reasons and sensitivity. As an alternative procedure, we investigated the susceptibility of cells to drugs using the effect on cellular respiration as an indicator of cell activity (toxicity). The primary cultures (cell lines) used in this study included human fetal myocardial cells, skeletal muscle cells, nerve cells, hypophyseal cells, epithelial cells of gastric mucosa, lymphocytes, hepatocytes, pancreatic (exocrine) cells, renal tubular epithelial cells and fetal adrenal cortex cells, which were obtained from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC). The drugs used were diazepam, haloperidol and levomepromazine maleate (psychoactive drugs), cisplatin and doxorubicin hydrochloride (anticancer agents). The cells were used at a density of 2–106 cells/2 mL of growth medium and, to test the susceptibility, each drug was prepared at a concentration of 10 g/mL. Experiment results indicated that, even with the same drug, sensitivity was markedly different depending on the cell lines. Cardiac muscle cells showed the strongest respiratory inhibition by Serenace and were least inhibited by Hirnamin. The highest sensitivity to Cercine was noted for neurons, while gastric mucosa cells had almost no sensitivity. Sensitivity to Serenace, which was expected to have a strong nerve action, was higher in myocardial cells instead. In the present study, we suggested the possibility of studying individual differences in drug sensitivity through investigation of toxicity in each organ as opposed to toxicity in the individual. In addition, Serenace, which was developed as a neurotopic agent, showed a higher toxicity in cardiac muscle cells than in neurons. This finding appeared noteworthy, not only for forensic toxicology, but also for clinical practice and drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Ishikawa
- Department of Legal Medicine, Osaka City University Medical School, Asahi-machi 1-4-3, Abeno, Osaka 545-8585, Japan.
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10
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Zanatta G, Nunes G, Bezerra EM, da Costa RF, Martins A, Caetano EWS, Freire VN, Gottfried C. Antipsychotic haloperidol binding to the human dopamine D3 receptor: beyond docking through QM/MM refinement toward the design of improved schizophrenia medicines. ACS Chem Neurosci 2014; 5:1041-54. [PMID: 25181639 DOI: 10.1021/cn500111e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
As the dopamine D3R receptor is a promising target for schizophrenia treatment, an improved understanding of the binding of existing antipsychotics to this receptor is crucial for the development of new potent and more selective therapeutic agents. In this work, we have used X-ray cocrystallization data of the antagonist eticlopride bound to D3R as a template to predict, through docking essays, the placement of the typical antipsychotic drug haloperidol at the D3R receptor binding site. Afterward, classical and quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) computations were employed to improve the quality of the docking calculations, with the QM part of the simulations being accomplished by using the density functional theory (DFT) formalism. After docking, the calculated QM improved total interaction energy EQMDI = -170.1 kcal/mol was larger (in absolute value) than that obtained with classical molecular mechanics improved (ECLDI = -156.3 kcal/mol) and crude docking (ECRDI = -137.6 kcal/mol) procedures. The QM/MM computations reveal the pivotal role of the Asp110 amino acid residue in the D3R haloperidol binding, followed by Tyr365, Phe345, Ile183, Phe346, Tyr373, and Cys114. Besides, it highlights the relevance of the haloperidol hydroxyl group axial orientation, which interacts with the Tyr365 and Thr369 residues, enhancing its binding to dopamine receptors. Finally, our computations indicate that functional substitutions in the 4-clorophenyl and in the 4-hydroxypiperidin-1-yl fragments (such as C3H and C12H hydrogen replacement by OH or COOH) can lead to haloperidol derivatives with distinct dopamine antagonism profiles. The results of our work are a first step using in silico quantum biochemical design as means to impact the discovery of new medicines to treat schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geancarlo Zanatta
- Department
of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, 90035-003 Porto Alegre, RS Brazil
| | - Gustavo Nunes
- Department
of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, 90035-003 Porto Alegre, RS Brazil
| | - Eveline M. Bezerra
- Post-graduate
Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacy Faculty, Federal University of Ceará, 60430-372 Fortaleza, CE Brazil
| | - Roner F. da Costa
- Department
of Physics, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, 59780-000 Caraúbas, RN Brazil
| | - Alice Martins
- Post-graduate
Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacy Faculty, Federal University of Ceará, 60430-372 Fortaleza, CE Brazil
| | - Ewerton W. S. Caetano
- Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology, 60040-531 Fortaleza, CE Brazil
| | - Valder N. Freire
- Department
of Physics, Federal University of Ceará, 60455-760 Fortaleza, CE Brazil
| | - Carmem Gottfried
- Department
of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, 90035-003 Porto Alegre, RS Brazil
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11
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Tsermpini EE, Assimakopoulos K, Bartsakoulia M, Iconomou G, Papadima EM, Mitropoulos K, Squassina A, Patrinos GP. Individualizing clozapine and risperidone treatment for schizophrenia patients. Pharmacogenomics 2014; 15:95-110. [DOI: 10.2217/pgs.13.219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a severe disorder that significantly affects the quality of life and total functioning of patients and their caregivers. Clozapine is the first atypical antipsychotic with fewer adverse effects and established efficacy. As a rule of thumb, risperidone is one of the most reliable and effective antipsychotics for newly diagnosed and chronic schizophrenics. Pharmacogenetic studies have identified genomic variants of candidate genes that seem to be important in the way a patient responds to treatment. The recent progress made in pharmacogenomics will improve the quality of treatment, since drug doses will be tailored to the special needs of each patient. In this article, we review the available literature attempting to delineate the role of genomic variations in clozapine and risperidone response in schizophrenic patients of various ethnicities. We conclude that pharmacogenomics for these two drugs is still not ready for implementation in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelia Eirini Tsermpini
- University of Patras School of Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, University Campus, Rion, GR-26504, Patras, Greece
| | | | - Marina Bartsakoulia
- University of Patras School of Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, University Campus, Rion, GR-26504, Patras, Greece
| | - Gregoris Iconomou
- University of Patras School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Rion, Patras, Greece
| | - Eleni Merkouri Papadima
- University of Patras School of Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, University Campus, Rion, GR-26504, Patras, Greece
| | | | - Alessio Squassina
- University of Cagliari, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cagliari, Sardinia, Italy
| | - George P Patrinos
- University of Patras School of Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, University Campus, Rion, GR-26504, Patras, Greece
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12
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Párraga J, Cabedo N, Andujar S, Piqueras L, Moreno L, Galán A, Angelina E, Enriz RD, Ivorra MD, Sanz MJ, Cortes D. 2,3,9- and 2,3,11-Trisubstituted tetrahydroprotoberberines as D2 dopaminergic ligands. Eur J Med Chem 2013; 68:150-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2013] [Revised: 07/23/2013] [Accepted: 07/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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13
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Ye N, Neumeyer JL, Baldessarini RJ, Zhen X, Zhang A. Update 1 of: Recent Progress in Development of Dopamine Receptor Subtype-Selective Agents: Potential Therapeutics for Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders. Chem Rev 2013; 113:PR123-78. [DOI: 10.1021/cr300113a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Na Ye
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, and Synthetic Organic & Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory (SOMCL), Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica (SIMM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China 201203
| | - John L. Neumeyer
- Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory,
McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts 02478, United States
| | | | - Xuechu Zhen
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China 215123
| | - Ao Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, and Synthetic Organic & Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory (SOMCL), Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica (SIMM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China 201203
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14
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Kim HK, Andreazza AC. The relationship between oxidative stress and post-translational modification of the dopamine transporter in bipolar disorder. Expert Rev Neurother 2012; 12:849-59. [PMID: 22853792 DOI: 10.1586/ern.12.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Bipolar disorder (BD) has been consistently associated with altered levels of oxidative stress markers, although the cause and consequences of these alterations remain to be elucidated. One of the main hypotheses regarding the pathogenesis of mania involves increased dopaminergic transmission. In this review, the authors aim to discuss a potential mechanism by which increased oxidative stress inhibits the uptake of dopamine through the post-translational modification of the dopamine transporter and its implications for BD. Within the next 5 years, the authors believe that the mechanisms of dopamine transporter oxidation and its impact on the pathophysiology of BD will be elucidated, which may open avenues for the development of more specific interventions for the treatment of this debilitating illness.
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15
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Fanelli F, De Benedetti PG. Update 1 of: computational modeling approaches to structure-function analysis of G protein-coupled receptors. Chem Rev 2011; 111:PR438-535. [PMID: 22165845 DOI: 10.1021/cr100437t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Fanelli
- Dulbecco Telethon Institute, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via Campi 183, 41125 Modena, Italy.
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16
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Tetrahydroisoquinolines acting as dopaminergic ligands. A molecular modeling study using MD simulations and QM calculations. J Mol Model 2011; 18:419-31. [DOI: 10.1007/s00894-011-1061-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2010] [Accepted: 03/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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17
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Dilly S, Liégeois JF. Interaction of clozapine and its nitrenium ion with rat D2 dopamine receptors: in vitro binding and computational study. J Comput Aided Mol Des 2010; 25:163-9. [PMID: 21184252 DOI: 10.1007/s10822-010-9407-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2010] [Accepted: 12/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The interaction of diazepine analogues like clozapine or olanzapine with D2 receptor was greatly affected by a mixture of HRP/H(2)O(2) known to induce the formation of nitrenium ion. Unlike diazepine derivatives, the oxidative mixture had low impact on the affinity of oxa- and thiazepine derivatives such as loxapine, clothiapine or JL13 for the D2 receptor. Molecular docking simulations revealed a huge difference between the mode of interaction of clozapine nitrenium ion and the parent drug. Electronic and geometric changes of the tricyclic ring system caused by the oxidation appeared to prevent the compound finding the correct binding mode and could therefore explain the difference observed in binding affinities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Dilly
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and CIRM (B36), University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
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18
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New hybrids of clozapine and haloperidol and their isosteric analogues: synthesis, X-ray crystallography, conformational analysis and preliminary pharmacological evaluation. Struct Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-010-9591-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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19
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Association of promoter variants of human dopamine transporter gene with schizophrenia in Han Chinese. Schizophr Res 2010; 116:68-74. [PMID: 19879111 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2009.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2008] [Revised: 09/28/2009] [Accepted: 10/04/2009] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although dopamine was implicated in the etiology of schizophrenia, the human dopamine transporter gene (DAT1; SLC6A3) has not consistently been associated with schizophrenia. The purpose of this study was to examine whether six polymorphisms within the DAT1 gene are associated with schizophrenia. METHODS Six polymorphisms of the DAT1 gene (3 SNPs [rs6413429, rs2652511, and rs2975226] in the promoter region, one SNP [rs6347] in exon 9, and one SNP [rs27072]/one variable number tandem repeat [VNTR] in exon 15) were analyzed in 352 Chinese patients with schizophrenia and in 311 healthy controls. Pretreatment psychopathology was assessed using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale in a subset of 160 hospitalized schizophrenia patients who were drug-free or drug-naïve. RESULTS A statistically significant difference in two polymorphisms (rs2652511 and rs2975226) and a promoter region haplotype (rs2652511, rs2975226, and rs6413429) was found between patients and healthy controls. No association with schizophrenia was found for other polymorphisms and another haplotype (3' region). Symptoms severity (PANSS global, positive, negative and general symptoms scores) was similar regardless of DAT1 polymorphism. CONCLUSION The promoter region of the DAT1 gene may play a role in increasing susceptibility to schizophrenia, but does not affect the severity of psychotic symptoms in Han Chinese.
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20
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Berenguer I, Aouad NE, Andujar S, Romero V, Suvire F, Freret T, Bermejo A, Ivorra MD, Enriz RD, Boulouard M, Cabedo N, Cortes D. Tetrahydroisoquinolines as dopaminergic ligands: 1-Butyl-7-chloro-6-hydroxy-tetrahydroisoquinoline, a new compound with antidepressant-like activity in mice. Bioorg Med Chem 2009; 17:4968-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2009.05.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2009] [Revised: 05/19/2009] [Accepted: 05/31/2009] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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21
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Kapitulnik J, Pelkonen O, Gundert-Remy U, Dahl SG, Boobis AR. Effects of pharmaceuticals and other active chemicals at biological targets: mechanisms, interactions, and integration into PB-PK/PD models. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2009; 13:867-87. [DOI: 10.1517/14728220903018965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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22
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Selent J, López L, Sanz F, Pastor M. Multi-receptor binding profile of clozapine and olanzapine: a structural study based on the new beta2 adrenergic receptor template. ChemMedChem 2008; 3:1194-8. [PMID: 18465762 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.200800074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jana Selent
- Research Unit on Biomedical Informatics (GRIB), IMIM/Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Avinguda Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
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24
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Zhang A, Neumeyer JL, Baldessarini RJ. Recent progress in development of dopamine receptor subtype-selective agents: potential therapeutics for neurological and psychiatric disorders. Chem Rev 2007; 107:274-302. [PMID: 17212477 DOI: 10.1021/cr050263h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 266] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ao Zhang
- Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
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25
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Abstract
The era of molecular biology and cloning brought new knowledge about the structure and function of drug receptors, and demonstrated that the term 'receptor' must be distinguished from other molecular drug targets such as enzymes, transporters and ion channels. Analysis of the targets of all current therapeutic drugs has shown that more than 95% of these are proteins. The DNA sequencing of the entire human genome has led to identification of many previously unknown proteins that may represent potential drug targets. In order to understand fully the functional mechanisms of a protein, it is crucial to know its three-dimensional molecular structure. This may be determined experimentally by x-ray crystallography, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy or electron microscopy, and computationally by structural bioinformatics and molecular modelling. The molecular targets of nearly all current psychotropic drugs are membrane proteins. These have proven extremely difficult to purify and crystallize due to their amphipathic surface, with a hydrophobic area in contact with membrane phospholipids and polar surface areas in contact with the aqueous phases on both sides of the membrane. We have used molecular modelling methods, based on crystal structures of related proteins, to model various neurotransmitter receptors and transporters. The receptor and transporter models have been used to study their structural properties, functional mechanisms and the molecular mechanisms of action of psychotropic drugs. Our results demonstrate the large structural flexibility of transporter and receptor proteins, with substantial movements and conformational changes taking place during substrate translocation in transporters, and by agonist induced receptor stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svein G Dahl
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Medical Biology, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway.
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26
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Zlatović MV, Sukalović VV, Schneider C, Roglić GM. Interaction of arylpiperazine ligands with the hydrophobic part of the 5-HT1A receptor binding site. Bioorg Med Chem 2006; 14:2994-3001. [PMID: 16403641 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2005.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2005] [Revised: 12/04/2005] [Accepted: 12/09/2005] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A flexible docking of a series of arylpiperazine derivatives with structurally different aryl part to the binding site of a model of human 5-HT1A receptor was exercised. The influence of structure and hydrophobic properties of aryl moiety on binding affinities was discussed and a model for ligand binding in the hydrophobic part of the binding site was proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario V Zlatović
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, PO Box 158, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia and Montenegro.
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27
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Kalow W. A pharmacogeneticist's look at drug effects and the drug development process: an overview. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2006; 6:1299-303. [PMID: 16013980 DOI: 10.1517/14656566.6.8.1299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes the functional roles of the closely related pharmacogenetic and pharmacogenomic sciences in medicine. Firstly, they provide means for a better understanding of the function of drugs, and particularly of the differences of drug action between individuals and also between racially categorised populations. Secondly, they are repeatedly used during the long process of new drug development; the developer needs several patient contacts. The development starts with target identification and ends with an official permission for medical use of a drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Werner Kalow
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, Toronto, M5S 1A8, Canada.
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28
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Fanelli F, De Benedetti PG. Computational Modeling Approaches to Structure−Function Analysis of G Protein-Coupled Receptors. Chem Rev 2005; 105:3297-351. [PMID: 16159154 DOI: 10.1021/cr000095n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Fanelli
- Dulbecco Telethon Institute and Department of Chemistry, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via Campi 183, 41100 Modena, Italy.
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