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Bhagat K, Singh JV, Pagare PP, Kumar N, Sharma A, Kaur G, Kinarivala N, Gandu S, Singh H, Sharma S, Bedi PMS. Rational approaches for the design of various GABA modulators and their clinical progression. Mol Divers 2021; 25:551-601. [PMID: 32170466 PMCID: PMC8422677 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-020-10068-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
GABA (γ-amino butyric acid) is an important inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system. Attenuation of GABAergic neurotransmission plays an important role in the etiology of several neurological disorders including epilepsy, Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's chorea, migraine, Parkinson's disease, neuropathic pain, and depression. Increase in the GABAergic activity may be achieved through direct agonism at the GABAA receptors, inhibition of enzymatic breakdown of GABA, or by inhibition of the GABA transport proteins (GATs). These functionalities make GABA receptor modulators and GATs attractive drug targets in brain disorders associated with decreased GABA activity. There have been several reports of development of GABA modulators (GABA receptors, GABA transporters, and GABAergic enzyme inhibitors) in the past decade. Therefore, the focus of the present review is to provide an overview on various design strategies and synthetic approaches toward developing GABA modulators. Furthermore, mechanistic insights, structure-activity relationships, and molecular modeling inputs for the biologically active derivatives have also been discussed. Summary of the advances made over the past few years in the clinical translation and development of GABA receptor modulators is also provided. This compilation will be of great interest to the researchers working in the field of neuroscience. From the light of detailed literature, it can be concluded that numerous molecules have displayed significant results and their promising potential, clearly placing them ahead as potential future drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavita Bhagat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, PB, 143005, India
| | - Jatinder V Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, PB, 143005, India
| | - Piyusha P Pagare
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Institute for Structural Biology, Drug Discovery and Development, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23219, USA
| | - Nitish Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, PB, 143005, India
| | - Anchal Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, PB, 143005, India
| | - Gurinder Kaur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, PB, 143005, India
| | - Nihar Kinarivala
- Program in Chemical Biology, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Srinivasa Gandu
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Cell and Development Biology Graduate Program, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Harbinder Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, PB, 143005, India.
| | - Sahil Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, PB, 143005, India.
- Program in Chemical Biology, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
| | - Preet Mohinder S Bedi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, PB, 143005, India.
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Kasal A, Buděšínský M, Mareš P, Krištofíková Z, Leitão AJ, Sá e Melo ML, Silva MMC. Neurosteroids: Can a 2alpha,3alpha-epoxy ring make up for the 3alpha-hydroxyl group? Steroids 2016; 105:12-8. [PMID: 26631551 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2015.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Revised: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Seven steroid epoxides were prepared from 5α-pregn-2-en-20-one and 5α-pregn-3-en-20-one and their side-chain derivatives. All compounds were tested in vitro for binding to γ-aminobutyric acid (GABAA) receptor, some of them also in vivo for anticonvulsant action. 2α,3α-Epoxy-5α-pregnan-20-one inhibited the TBPS binding to the GABAA receptor and showed a moderate anticonvulsant action in immature rats. In contrast, its 3α,4α-isomer was inactive. More polar epoxide derivatives, modified at the side chain were less active or inactive. Noteworthy, diol 20, the product of trans-diaxial opening of the 2α,3α-epoxide 4, was not able to inhibit the TBPS binding, showing that the activity of the epoxide is due to the compound itself and not to its hydrolytic product. The 3α-hydroxyl group is known to be essential for the GABAA receptor binding. Despite the shortness of in vivo effects which are probably due to metabolic inactivation of the products prepared, our results show that the 2α,3α-epoxy ring is another structural pattern with ability to bind the GABAAR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Kasal
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences, Prague CZ16610, Czech Republic.
| | - Miloš Buděšínský
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences, Prague CZ16610, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Mareš
- Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences, CZ14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Zdena Krištofíková
- Alzheimer's Disease Center, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany CZ25067, Czech Republic
| | - Alcino J Leitão
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Coimbra, 3000-508 Coimbra, Portugal; CNC - Centre for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria Luisa Sá e Melo
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Coimbra, 3000-508 Coimbra, Portugal; CNC - Centre for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria Manuel C Silva
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Coimbra, 3000-508 Coimbra, Portugal; CNC - Centre for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
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Li PF, Yi CB, Qu J. Hot water-promoted cyclopropylcarbinyl rearrangement facilitates construction of homoallylic alcohols. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:5012-21. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ob00305a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Hot water can promote the rearrangements of various types of cyclopropyl carbinols to afford acyclic or cyclic homoallylic alcohols in high yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Fang Li
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin)
- Nankai University
- Tianjin
- China
| | - Cheng-Bo Yi
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin)
- Nankai University
- Tianjin
- China
| | - Jin Qu
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin)
- Nankai University
- Tianjin
- China
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Li H, Fang J, Li J, Wang Y, Tian X, Xiang Y. Synthesis and characterization of new phenyl esters derived from 16-dehydropregnenolone acetate (16-DPA). RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-012-0890-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Kranz DP, Meier zu Greffen A, El Sheikh S, Neudörfl JM, Schmalz HG. Sn(OTf)2 as an Effective Lewis Acid in Reactions of Cyclopropyl Ketones with Acetic Anhydride: Application in the Synthesis of a 19-Nor-B-homo Steroid. European J Org Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201100020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Alvarez LD, Dansey MV, Martí MA, Bertucci PY, Di Chenna PH, Pecci A, Burton G. Biological activity and ligand binding mode to the progesterone receptor of A-homo analogues of progesterone. Bioorg Med Chem 2011; 19:1683-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2011.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2010] [Revised: 01/11/2011] [Accepted: 01/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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