Synthesis and in vitro anticancer evaluation of some novel hexahydroquinoline derivatives having a benzenesulfonamide moiety

Novel Biopolymer-Based Catalyst for the Multicomponent Synthesis of N-aryl-4-aryl-Substituted Dihydropyridines Derived from Simple and Complex Anilines

Although Hantzsch synthesis has been an established multicomponent reaction method for more than a decade, its derivative, whereby an aniline replaces ammonium acetate as the nitrogen source, has not been explored at great length. Recent studies have shown that the products of such a reaction, N-aryl-4-aryldihydropyridines (DHPs), have significant anticancer activity. In this study, we successfully managed to synthesize a wide range of DHPs (18 examples, 8 of which were novel) using a metal-free, mild, inexpensive, recoverable, and biopolymer-based heterogeneous catalyst, known as piperazine, which was supported in agar-agar gel. In addition, 8 further examples (3 novel) of such dihydropyridines were synthesized using isatin instead of aldehyde as a reactant, producing spiro-linked structures. Lastly, this catalyst managed to afford an unprecedented product that was derived using an innovative technique-a combination of multicomponent reactions. Essentially, the product of our previously reported aza-Friedel-Crafts multicomponent reaction could itself be used as a reactant instead of aniline in the synthesis of more complex dihydropyridines.

Recruitment of hexahydroquinoline as anticancer scaffold targeting inhibition of wild and mutants EGFR (EGFRWT, EGFRT790M, and EGFRL858R)

Hexahydroquinoline (HHQ) scaffold was constructed and recruited for development of new series of anticancer agents. Thirty-two new compounds were synthesised where x-ray crystallography was performed to confirm enantiomerism. Thirteen compounds showed moderate to good activity against NCI 60 cancer cell lines, with GI % mean up to 74% for 10c. Expending erlotinib as a reference drug, target compounds were verified for their inhibiting activities against EGFRWT, EGFRT790M, and EGFRL858R where compound 10d was the best inhibitor with IC50 = 0.097, 0.280, and 0.051 µM, respectively, compared to erlotinib (IC50 = 0.082 µM, 0.342 µM, and 0.055 µM, respectively). Safety profile was validated using normal human lung (IMR-90) cells. 10c and 10d disrupted cell cycle at pre-G1 and G2/M phases in lung cancer, HOP-92, and cell line. Molecular docking study was achieved to understand the potential binding interactions and affinities in the active sites of three versions of EGFRs.

4-Aminocoumarin derivatives: synthesis and applications

4-Aminocoumarins represent an important class of a versatile scaffold in organic synthesis and have been consistently used as a building block in organic chemistry for the synthesis of different heterocyclic compounds.

An Overview of Privileged Scaffold: Quinolines and Isoquinolines in Medicinal Chemistry as Anticancer Agents

Cancer is one of the most difficult diseases and causes of death for many decades. Many pieces of research are continuously going on to get a solution for cancer. Quinoline and isoquinoline derivatives have shown their possibilities to work as an antitumor agent in anticancer treatment. The members of this privileged scaffold quinoline and isoquinoline have shown their controlling impacts on cancer treatment through various modes. In particular, this review suggests the current scenario of quinoline and isoquinoline derivatives as antitumor agents and refine the path of these derivatives to find and develop new drugs against an evil known as cancer.

Recent Synthetic Approaches and Biological Evaluations of Amino Hexahydroquinolines and Their Spirocyclic Structures

In this review, the recent synthetic approaches of amino hexahydroquinolines and their spirocyclic structures were highlighted. The synthetic routes include, two-components, three-components or fourcomponents reactions. The two-component [3+3] atom combination reaction represents the simplest method. It involves Michael addition of the electron rich β-carbon of β-enaminones to the activated double bond of cinnamonitriles followed by cyclization to yield hexahydroquinoline compounds. The bioactivity profiles and SAR studies of these compounds were also reviewed with emphasis to the utility of these substances as antimicrobial, anticancer and antitubercular agents, as well as calcium channel modulators.

Iron-catalyzed C–O bond functionalization of butyrolactam derivatives with various N-/C-nucleophiles

An iron-catalyzed C–O bond functionalization of butyrolactam derivatives with N-/C-nucleophiles to enable the synthesis of butyrolactam derivatives has been developed.

Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of novel N 4 -substituted sulfonamides: acetamides derivatives as dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) inhibitors

Background

Sulfonamide derivatives are of great attention due to their wide spectrum of biological activities. Sulfonamides conjugated with acetamide fragments exhibit antimicrobial and anticancer activities. The inhibition dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) is considered as one of the most prominent mechanism though which sulfonamide derivatives exhibits antimicrobial and antitumor activities.

Results

In this study, a new series of 2-(arylamino)acetamides and N-arylacetamides containing sulfonamide moieties were designed, synthesized, characterized and assessed for their antimicrobial activity and screened for cytotoxic activity against human lung carcinoma (A-549) and human breast carcinoma (MCF-7) cell lines. A molecular docking study was performed to identify the mode of action of the synthesized compounds and their good binding interactions were observed with the active sites of dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR).

Conclusion

Most of the synthesized compounds showed significant activity against A-549 and MCF-7 when compared to 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU), which was used as a reference drug. Some of these synthesized compounds are active as antibacterial and antifungal agents.

Electronic supplementary material

The online version of this article (10.1186/s13065-019-0603-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

5-Oxo-hexahydroquinoline: an attractive scaffold with diverse biological activities

5-Oxo-hexahydroquinoline (5-oxo-HHQ) represents a biologically attractive fused heterocyclic core. Various synthetic analogs of 5-oxo-HHQ have been synthesized and assessed for different biological activities. Some derivatives have exhibited myorelaxant, analgesic, anticancer, antibacterial, antifungal, antitubercular, antimalarial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, multidrug resistance reversal, anti-Alzheimer, neuroprotective, antidiabetic, antidyslipidemic and antiosteoporotic activities. This review provides a comprehensive report regarding the preparation and pharmacological characterization of 5-oxo-HHQ derivatives that have been reported so far. This information will be beneficial for medicinal chemists in the field of drug discovery to design and develop new and potent therapeutical agents bearing the 5-oxo-HHQ nucleus.

2-Amino-4-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1-(4-methylphenyl)-5-oxo-1,4,5,6,7,8-hexahydroquinoline-3-carbonitrile

In the title compound, C24H23N3O2, the cyclohexene and 1,4-dihydropyridine rings of the 1,4,5,6,7,8-hexahydroquinoline ring system each adopt a twisted-boat conformation. The dihedral angle between the benzene rings is 13.89 (10)°. In the crystal, molecules are linked through pairs of amino–nitrile N—H...N hydrogen bonds, forming inversion dimers. Weak C—H...O and C—H...π interactions connect the dimers, forming a three-dimensional network.

Different supramolecular architectures mediated by different weak interactions in the crystals of three N-aryl-2,5-dimethoxybenzenesulfonamides

The synthesis and evaluation of the pharmacological activities of molecules containing the sulfonamide moiety have attracted interest as these compounds are important pharmacophores. The crystal structures of three closely related N-aryl-2,5-dimethoxybenzenesulfonamides, namely N-(2,3-dichlorophenyl)-2,5-dimethoxybenzenesulfonamide, C₁₄H₁₃Cl₂NO₄S, (I), N-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2,5-dimethoxybenzenesulfonamide, C₁₄H₁₃Cl₂NO₄S, (II), and N-(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-2,5-dimethoxybenzenesulfonamide, C₁₆H₁₉NO₄S, (III), are described. The asymmetric unit of (I) consists of two symmetry-independent molecules, while those of (II) and (III) contain one molecule each. The molecular conformations are stabilized by different intramolecular interactions, viz. C-H...O interactions in (I), N-H...Cl and C-H...O interactions in (II), and C-H...O interactions in (III). The crystals of the three compounds display different supramolecular architectures built by various weak intermolecular interactions of the types C-H...O, C-H...Cl, C-H...π(aryl), π(aryl)-π(aryl) and Cl...Cl. A detailed Hirshfeld surface analysis of these compounds has also been conducted in order to understand the relationship between the crystal structures. The d_norm and shape-index surfaces of (I)-(III) support the presence of various intermolecular interactions in the three structures. Analysis of the fingerprint plots reveals that the greatest contribution to the Hirshfeld surfaces is from H...H contacts, followed by H...O/O...H contacts. In addition, comparisons are made with the structures of some related compounds. Putative N-H...O hydrogen bonds are observed in 29 of the 30 reported structures, wherein the N-H...O hydrogen bonds form either C(4) chain motifs or R₂²(8) rings. Further comparison reveals that the characteristics of the N-H...O hydrogen-bond motifs, the presence of other interactions and the resultant supramolecular architecture is largely decided by the position of the substituents on the benzenesulfonyl ring, with the nature and position of the substituents on the aniline ring exerting little effect. On the other hand, the crystal structures of (I)-(III) display several weak interactions other than the common N-H...O hydrogen bonds, resulting in supramolecular architectures varying from one- to three-dimensional depending on the nature and position of the substituents on the aniline ring.

Crystal structures of isomeric 3,5-di-chloro-N-(2,3-di-methyl-phen-yl)benzene-sulfonamide, 3,5-di-chloro-N-(2,6-di-methyl-phen-yl)benzene-sulfonamide and 3,5-di-chloro-N-(3,5-di-methyl-phen-yl)benzene-sulfonamide

The crystal structures of three isomeric compounds of formula C14H13Cl2NO2S, namely 3,5-di-chloro-N-(2,3-di-methyl-phen-yl)-benzene-sulfonamide (I), 3,5-di-chloro-N-(2,6-di-methyl-phen-yl)benzene-sulfonamide (II) and 3,5-di-chloro-N-(3,5-di-methyl-phen-yl)benzene-sulfonamide (III) are described. The mol-ecules of all the three compounds are U-shaped with the two aromatic rings inclined at 41.3 (6)° in (I), 42.1 (2)° in (II) and 54.4 (3)° in (III). The mol-ecular conformation of (II) is stabilized by intra-molecular C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds and C-H⋯π inter-actions. The crystal structure of (I) features N-H⋯O hydrogen-bonded R22(8) loops inter-connected via C(7) chains of C-H⋯O inter-actions, forming a three-dimensional architecture. The structure also features π-π inter-actions [Cg⋯Cg = 3.6970 (14) Å]. In (II), N-H⋯O hydrogen-bonded R22(8) loops are inter-connected via π-π inter-actions [inter-centroid distance = 3.606 (3) Å] to form a one-dimensional architecture running parallel to the a axis. In (III), adjacent C(4) chains of N-H⋯O hydrogen-bonded mol-ecules running parallel to [010] are connected via C-H⋯π inter-actions, forming sheets parallel to the ab plane. Neighbouring sheets are linked via offset π-π inter-actions [inter-centroid distance = 3.8303 (16) Å] to form a three-dimensional architecture.

Multicomponent chemistry in the synthesis of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (CAIs) are of growing interest since various isoforms of the enzyme are identified as promising drug targets for treatment of disease. The principal drawback of the clinically used CAIs is the lack of isoform selectivity, which may lead to observable side effects. Studies aiming at the design of isoform-selective CAIs entail generation and biological testing of arrays of compounds, which is a resource- and time-consuming process. Employment of multicomponent reactions is an efficient synthetic strategy in terms of gaining convenient and speedy access to a range of scaffolds with a high degree of molecular diversity. However, this powerful tool appears to be underutilized for the discovery of novel CAIs. A number of studies employing multicomponent reactions in CAI synthesis have been reported in literature. Some of these reports provide inspiring examples of successful use of multicomponent chemistry to construct novel potent and often isoform-selective inhibitors. On critical reading of several publications, however, it becomes apparent that for some chemical series designed as CAIs, the desired inhibitory properties are only assumed and never tested for. In these cases, the biological profile is reported based on the results of phenotypical cellular assays, with no correlation with the intended on-target activity. Present review aims at critically assessing the current literature on the multicomponent chemistry in the CAI design.

Crystal structure of 2-((dimethylamino)methylene)-5,5-Dimethylcyclohexane-1,3-dione, C11H17NO2

C11H17NO2, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 5.9245(2) Å, b = 17.7243(6) Å, c = 10.2915(4) Å, β = 95.352(1)°, V = 1075.97(7) Å3, Z = 4, R gt (F) = 0.0419, wR ref (F 2 ) = 0.116, T = 100(2) K.

4-Bromo-N-(4-fluorophenyl)benzenesulfonamide

The title molecule, C12H9BrFNO2S, is U-shaped with the central C—S—N—C fragment having a torsion angle of 68.4 (3)° and a dihedral angle between the planes of the two benzene rings of 41.17 (19)°. The crystal structure features strong N—H...O hydrogen bonds between the molecules, forming infinite one-dimensionalC(4) chains along [001]. These chains are interconnectedviashort F...F contacts [F...F = 2.868 (4) Å], forming a one-dimensional ribbon-like architecture.

N-(2-methyl-indol-1H-5-yl)-1-naphthalenesulfonamide: A novel reversible antimitotic agent inhibiting cancer cell motility

A series of compounds containing the sulfonamide scaffold were synthesized and screened for their in vitro anticancer activity against a representative panel of human cancer cell lines, leading to the identification of N-(2-methyl-1H-indol-5-yl)-1-naphthalenesulfonamide (8e) as a compound showing a remarkable activity across the panel, with IC50 values in the nanomolar-to-low micromolar range. Cell cycle distribution analysis revealed that 8e promoted a severe G2/M arrest, which was followed by cellular senescence as indicated by the detection of senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) in 8e-treated cells. Prolonged 8e treatment also led to the onset of apoptosis, in correlation with the detection of increased Caspase 3/7 activities. Despite increasing γ-H2A.X levels, a well-established readout for DNA double-strand breaks, in vitro DNA binding studies with 8e did not support interaction with DNA. In agreement with this, 8e failed to activate the cellular DNA damage checkpoint. Importantly, tubulin staining showed that 8e promoted a severe disorganization of microtubules and mitotic spindle formation was not detected in 8e-treated cells. Accordingly, 8e inhibited tubulin polymerization in vitro in a dose-dependent manner and was also able to robustly inhibit cancer cell motility. Docking analysis revealed a compatible interaction with the colchicine-binding site of tubulin. Remarkably, these cellular effects were reversible since disruption of treatment resulted in the reorganization of microtubules, cell cycle re-entry and loss of senescent markers. Collectively, our data suggest that this compound may be a promising new anticancer agent capable of both reducing cancer cell growth and motility.

4-Bromo-N-(4-bromophenyl)benzenesulfonamide

The molecule of the title compound, C12H9Br2NO2S, is U shaped with the central C—S—N—C segment having a torsion angle of 63.2 (4)°. Further, the dihedral angle between the benzene rings is 38.5 (2)°. The crystal structure features strong N—H...O hydrogen bonds that form infinite [100]C(4) chains. Molecules in adjacent chains are interlinkedviaC—H...O interactions which run along thebaxis, formingC(7) chains. This results in a two-dimensional network in theabplane; adjacent networks are connected by short Br...Br contacts [3.5092 (8) Å] propagating along the diagonal of theacplane, so that a three-dimensional supramolecular architecture ensues.

Design, Synthesis and Anticancer Evaluation of Novel Quinazoline-Sulfonamide Hybrids

By combining the structural features of quinazoline and sulfonamides, novel hybrid compounds 2-21 were synthesized using a simple and convenient method. Evaluation of these compounds against different cell lines identified compounds 7 and 17 as most active anticancer agents as they showed effectiveness on the four tested cell lines. The anticancer screening results of the tested compounds provides an encouraging framework that could lead to the development of potent new anticancer agents.

Pyrimidinethione as a building block in heterocyclic synthesis: synthesis of pyrano[2,3-d]pyrimidine, chromeno[2,3-d]pyrimidine, pyrido[3′,2′:5,6]pyrano[2,3-b]pyridine, and pyrimido[5′,4′:5,6]pyrano[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives

New heterocyclic compounds with expected biological activity have been prepared by reactions of 6-phenyl-2-thioxo-2,3-dihydropyrimidine-4(5

Crystal structures of 4-meth-oxy-N-(4-methyl-phenyl)benzene-sulfonamide and N-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-4-meth-oxy-benzene-sulfonamide

Crystal structures of two N-(ar-yl)aryl-sulfonamides, namely, 4-meth-oxy-N-(4-methyl-phen-yl)benzene-sulfonamide, C14H15NO3S, (I), and N-(4-fluoro-phen-yl)-4-meth-oxy-benzene-sulfonamide, C13H12FNO3S, (II), were determined and analyzed. In (I), the benzene-sulfonamide ring is disordered over two orientations, in a 0.516 (7):0.484 (7) ratio, which are inclined to each other at 28.0 (1)°. In (I), the major component of the sulfonyl benzene ring and the aniline ring form a dihedral angle of 63.36 (19)°, while in (II), the planes of the two benzene rings form a dihedral angle of 44.26 (13)°. In the crystal structure of (I), N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds form infinite C(4) chains extended in [010], and inter-molecular C-H⋯πar-yl inter-actions link these chains into layers parallel to the ab plane. The crystal structure of (II) features N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds forming infinite one dimensional C(4) chains along [001]. Further, a pair of C-H⋯O inter-molecular inter-actions consolidate the crystal packing of (II) into a three-dimensional supra-molecular architecture.

Synthesis, anticancer and radiosensitizing evaluation of some novel sulfonamide derivatives

In this study, novel series of sulfonamide derivatives were synthesized starting from 2-cyanoacetyl)hydrazono)ethyl)phenyl)benzenesulfonamide 4a and 2-cyanoacetyl)hydrazono)ethyl)phenyl)-4-methylbenzenesulfonamide 4b. Different biologically active moieties as pyrazol, thiophene, pyridine and pyrimidines were introduced in order to investigate their in-vitro anticancer activity, in addition to a novel series of sulfonamide chalcones were synthesized from the reported 4-acetyl-N-(P-tolyl) benzenesulfonamide 3b. The newly synthesized sulfonamide derivatives were characterized by FT-IR, (1)H NMR, (13)C NMR, mass spectroscopy and elemental analyses and were tested for their in-vitro anticancer activity against human tumor liver cell line (HEPG-2). The most potent compounds in this study were compounds 4a, 4b, 5a, 6a, 6b, 8, 9, 11, 13, 18 and 19 which showed higher activity than doxorubicin with IC50 ranging from 11.0 to 31.8 μM. Additionally, eight compounds among the most potent were evaluated for their ability to enhance the cell killing effect of γ-radiation.

Synthesis, molecular modeling and NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 inducer activity of novel cyanoenone and enone benzenesulfonamides

Abstract In biological systems, the Keap1/Nrf2/antioxidant response element pathway determines the ability of mammalian cells to adapt and survive conditions of oxidative, electrophilic and inflammatory stress by regulating the production of cytoprotective enzymes

NAD(P)H

quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1, EC 1.6.99.2) being one of them. Novel biologically active benzenesulfonamides 2, 3, 5-7, penta-2,4-dienamide 4 and chromene-2-carboxamide 8 structurally augmented with an electron-deficient Michael acceptor enone or cyanoenone functionalities were prepared. A new biological activity was conferred to these molecules, that of induction of NQO1. The potency of induction was increased by incorporation of a nitrile group adjacent to the enone and the dinitrophenyl derivative 3 was the most promising inducer. Also, molecular docking of the new compounds in the Nrf2-binding site of Keap1 was performed to assess their ability to inhibit Keap1 which biologically leads to a consequent Nrf2 accumulation and enhanced gene expression of NQO1. Docking results showed considerable interactions between the new molecules and essential binding site amino acids.

A review on anticancer potential of bioactive heterocycle quinoline

The advent of Camptothecin added a new dimension in the field anticancer drug development containing quinoline motif. Quinoline scaffold plays an important role in anticancer drug development as their derivatives have shown excellent results through different mechanism of action such as growth inhibitors by cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, inhibition of angiogenesis, disruption of cell migration, and modulation of nuclear receptor responsiveness. The anti-cancer potential of several of these derivatives have been demonstrated on various cancer cell lines. In this review we have compiled and discussed specifically the anticancer potential of quinoline derivatives, which could provide a low-height flying bird's eye view of the quinoline derived compounds to a medicinal chemist for a comprehensive and target oriented information for development of clinically viable anticancer drugs.

Synthesis and anticancer activity of some novel trifluoromethylquinolines carrying a biologically active benzenesulfonamide moiety

Several trifluoromethylquinoline derivatives containing a biologically active benzenesulfonamide moiety 2-14, 16, urea derivatives 15, 17, 4-isothiocyanate 18 and the corresponding carbamimidothioic acid derivatives 19-30, were synthesized from the strategic starting material 4-chloro-7-trifluoromethylquinoline 1. The structures of the newly synthesized compounds were elucidated on the basis of elemental and spectral analyses. All the prepared compounds were evaluated for their in vitro anticancer activity against various cancer cell lines. Most of the synthesized compounds showed good activity, especially compound 15 which exhibited higher activity than the reference drug doxorubicin. In order to suggest the mechanism of action for their cytotoxic activity, molecular docking for all synthesized compounds was done on the active site of PI3K and good results were obtained.