1
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Salah M, Abdelsamie AS, Frotscher M. Inhibitors of 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1, 2 and 14: Structures, biological activities and future challenges. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2019; 489:66-81. [PMID: 30336189 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
During the past 25 years, the modulation of estrogen action by inhibition of 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase types 1 and 2 (17β-HSD1 and 17β-HSD2), respectively, has been pursued intensively. In the search for novel treatment options for estrogen-dependent diseases (EDD) and in order to explore estrogenic signaling pathways, a large number of steroidal and nonsteroidal inhibitors of these enzymes has been described in the literature. The present review gives a survey on the development of inhibitor classes as well as the structural formulas and biological properties of their most interesting representatives. In addition, rationally designed dual inhibitors of both 17β-HSD1 and steroid sulfatase (STS) as well as the first inhibitors of 17β-HSD14 are covered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Salah
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus C23, D-66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Ahmed S Abdelsamie
- Department of Drug Design and Optimization, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Campus E81, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany; Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, 12622, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Martin Frotscher
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus C23, D-66123, Saarbrücken, Germany.
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2
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Vuorinen A, Engeli RT, Leugger S, Kreutz CR, Schuster D, Odermatt A, Matuszczak B. Phenylbenzenesulfonates and -sulfonamides as 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 inhibitors: Synthesis and SAR-analysis. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:2982-2985. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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3
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Vuorinen A, Engeli RT, Leugger S, Bachmann F, Akram M, Atanasov AG, Waltenberger B, Temml V, Stuppner H, Krenn L, Ateba SB, Njamen D, Davis RA, Odermatt A, Schuster D. Potential Antiosteoporotic Natural Product Lead Compounds That Inhibit 17β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 2. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2017; 80:965-974. [PMID: 28319389 PMCID: PMC5411959 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.6b00950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
17β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (17β-HSD2) converts the active steroid hormones estradiol, testosterone, and 5α-dihydrotestosterone into their weakly active forms estrone, Δ4-androstene-3,17-dione, and 5α-androstane-3,17-dione, respectively, thereby regulating cell- and tissue-specific steroid action. As reduced levels of active steroids are associated with compromised bone health and onset of osteoporosis, 17β-HSD2 is considered a target for antiosteoporotic treatment. In this study, a pharmacophore model based on 17β-HSD2 inhibitors was applied to a virtual screening of various databases containing natural products in order to discover new lead structures from nature. In total, 36 hit molecules were selected for biological evaluation. Of these compounds, 12 inhibited 17β-HSD2 with nanomolar to low micromolar IC50 values. The most potent compounds, nordihydroguaiaretic acid (1), IC50 0.38 ± 0.04 μM, (-)-dihydroguaiaretic acid (4), IC50 0.94 ± 0.02 μM, isoliquiritigenin (6), IC50 0.36 ± 0.08 μM, and ethyl vanillate (12), IC50 1.28 ± 0.26 μM, showed 8-fold or higher selectivity over 17β-HSD1. As some of the identified compounds belong to the same structural class, structure-activity relationships were derived for these molecules. Thus, this study describes new 17β-HSD2 inhibitors from nature and provides insights into the binding pocket of 17β-HSD2, offering a promising starting point for further research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Vuorinen
- Division
of Molecular & Systems Toxicology, University
of Basel, Klingelbergstraße 50, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Roger T. Engeli
- Division
of Molecular & Systems Toxicology, University
of Basel, Klingelbergstraße 50, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Susanne Leugger
- Division
of Molecular & Systems Toxicology, University
of Basel, Klingelbergstraße 50, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Fabio Bachmann
- Division
of Molecular & Systems Toxicology, University
of Basel, Klingelbergstraße 50, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Muhammad Akram
- Computer-Aided
Molecular Design Group, Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmaceutical
Chemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, and Institute of
Pharmacy/Pharmacognosy and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Atanas G. Atanasov
- Department
of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Institute
of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Postępu 36A Street, 05-552, Jastrzebiec, Poland
| | - Birgit Waltenberger
- Computer-Aided
Molecular Design Group, Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmaceutical
Chemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, and Institute of
Pharmacy/Pharmacognosy and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Veronika Temml
- Computer-Aided
Molecular Design Group, Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmaceutical
Chemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, and Institute of
Pharmacy/Pharmacognosy and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Hermann Stuppner
- Computer-Aided
Molecular Design Group, Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmaceutical
Chemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, and Institute of
Pharmacy/Pharmacognosy and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Liselotte Krenn
- Department
of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Sylvin B. Ateba
- Laboratory
of Animal Physiology, Department of Animal Biology and Physiology,
Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde
I, P.O. Box 812, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Dieudonné Njamen
- Laboratory
of Animal Physiology, Department of Animal Biology and Physiology,
Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde
I, P.O. Box 812, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Rohan A. Davis
- Griffith
Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Alex Odermatt
- Division
of Molecular & Systems Toxicology, University
of Basel, Klingelbergstraße 50, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Daniela Schuster
- Computer-Aided
Molecular Design Group, Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmaceutical
Chemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, and Institute of
Pharmacy/Pharmacognosy and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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4
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Braun F, Bertoletti N, Möller G, Adamski J, Steinmetzer T, Salah M, Abdelsamie AS, van Koppen CJ, Heine A, Klebe G, Marchais-Oberwinkler S. First Structure–Activity Relationship of 17β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 14 Nonsteroidal Inhibitors and Crystal Structures in Complex with the Enzyme. J Med Chem 2016; 59:10719-10737. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b01436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Florian Braun
- Institute
for Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps University Marburg, Marbacher Weg 6, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Nicole Bertoletti
- Institute
for Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps University Marburg, Marbacher Weg 6, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Gabriele Möller
- Genome
Analysis Center, Institute of Experimental Genetics, German Research
Center for Environmental Health, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jerzy Adamski
- Genome
Analysis Center, Institute of Experimental Genetics, German Research
Center for Environmental Health, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair
of Experimental Genetics, Technical University Munich, 85350 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Torsten Steinmetzer
- Institute
for Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps University Marburg, Marbacher Weg 6, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Mohamed Salah
- ElexoPharm GmbH, Campus A1.2, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | | | | | - Andreas Heine
- Institute
for Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps University Marburg, Marbacher Weg 6, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Gerhard Klebe
- Institute
for Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps University Marburg, Marbacher Weg 6, 35032 Marburg, Germany
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5
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Type 2 17-β hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase as a novel target for the treatment of osteoporosis. Future Med Chem 2016; 7:1431-56. [PMID: 26230882 DOI: 10.4155/fmc.15.74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Low estradiol level in postmenopausal women is implicated in osteoporosis, which occurs because of the high bone resorption rate. Estrogen formation is controlled by 17-β hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 17-β HSD enzymes, where 17-β HSD type 1 contributes in the formation of estradiol, while type 2 catalyzes its catabolism. Inhibiting 17-β HSD2 can help in increasing estradiol concentration. Several promising 17-β HSD2 inhibitors that can act at low nanomolar range have been identified. However, there are some specific challenges associated with the application of these compounds. Our review provides an up-to-date summary of the current status and recent progress in the production of 17-β HSD2 inhibitors as well as the future challenges in their clinical application.
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6
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Gargano EM, Allegretta G, Perspicace E, Carotti A, Van Koppen C, Frotscher M, Marchais-Oberwinkler S, Hartmann RW. 17β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 2 Inhibition: Discovery of Selective and Metabolically Stable Compounds Inhibiting Both the Human Enzyme and Its Murine Ortholog. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0134754. [PMID: 26230928 PMCID: PMC4521925 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0134754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Design and synthesis of a new class of inhibitors for the treatment of osteoporosis and its comparative h17β-HSD2 and m17β-HSD2 SAR study are described. 17a is the first compound to show strong inhibition of both h17β-HSD2 and m17β-HSD2, intracellular activity, metabolic stability, selectivity toward h17β-HSD1, m17β-HSD1 and estrogen receptors α and β as well as appropriate physicochemical properties for oral bioavailability. These properties make it eligible for pre-clinical animal studies, prior to human studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele M. Gargano
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Giuseppe Allegretta
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Enrico Perspicace
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Angelo Carotti
- Dipartimento Farmaco-Chimico, Università degli Studi di Bari, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Martin Frotscher
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Sandrine Marchais-Oberwinkler
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland, Saarbrücken, Germany
- * E-mail: (RWH); (SMO)
| | - Rolf W. Hartmann
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland, Saarbrücken, Germany
- * E-mail: (RWH); (SMO)
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7
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Gargano EM, Perspicace E, Hanke N, Carotti A, Marchais-Oberwinkler S, Hartmann RW. Metabolic stability optimization and metabolite identification of 2,5-thiophene amide 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 87:203-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.09.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Revised: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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8
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Novel, potent and selective 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 inhibitors as potential therapeutics for osteoporosis with dual human and mouse activities. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 83:317-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Revised: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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9
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Vuorinen A, Engeli R, Meyer A, Bachmann F, Griesser UJ, Schuster D, Odermatt A. Ligand-based pharmacophore modeling and virtual screening for the discovery of novel 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 2 inhibitors. J Med Chem 2014; 57:5995-6007. [PMID: 24960438 PMCID: PMC4111740 DOI: 10.1021/jm5004914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
17β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 2 (17β-HSD2) catalyzes the inactivation of estradiol into estrone. This enzyme is expressed only in a few tissues, and therefore its inhibition is considered as a treatment option for osteoporosis to ameliorate estrogen deficiency. In this study, ligand-based pharmacophore models for 17β-HSD2 inhibitors were constructed and employed for virtual screening. From the virtual screening hits, 29 substances were evaluated in vitro for 17β-HSD2 inhibition. Seven compounds inhibited 17β-HSD2 with low micromolar IC50 values. To investigate structure-activity relationships (SAR), 30 more derivatives of the original hits were tested. The three most potent hits, 12, 22, and 15, had IC50 values of 240 nM, 1 μM, and 1.5 μM, respectively. All but 1 of the 13 identified inhibitors were selective over 17β-HSD1, the enzyme catalyzing conversion of estrone into estradiol. Three of the new, small, synthetic 17β-HSD2 inhibitors showed acceptable selectivity over other related HSDs, and six of them did not affect other HSDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Vuorinen
- Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck - CMBI, University of Innsbruck , Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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10
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Perspicace E, Giorgio A, Carotti A, Marchais-Oberwinkler S, Hartmann RW. Novel N-methylsulfonamide and retro-N-methylsulfonamide derivatives as 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (17β-HSD2) inhibitors with good ADME-related physicochemical parameters. Eur J Med Chem 2013; 69:201-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2013] [Revised: 08/08/2013] [Accepted: 08/14/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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11
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Perspicace E, Marchais-Oberwinkler S, Hartmann RW. Synthesis and biological evaluation of thieno[3,2-d]- pyrimidinones, thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidines and quinazolinones: conformationally restricted 17b-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (17b-HSD2) inhibitors. Molecules 2013; 18:4487-509. [PMID: 23591928 PMCID: PMC6270028 DOI: 10.3390/molecules18044487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2013] [Revised: 04/08/2013] [Accepted: 04/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, a series of conformationally restricted thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidinones, thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidines and quinazolinones was designed and synthesized with the goal of improving the biological activity as 17b-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 inhibitors of the corresponding amidothiophene derivatives. Two moderately active compounds were discovered and this allowed the identification of the biologically active open conformer as well as the extension of the enzyme binding site characterisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Perspicace
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus C23, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany; E-Mails: (E.P.); (S.M.-O.)
| | - Sandrine Marchais-Oberwinkler
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus C23, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany; E-Mails: (E.P.); (S.M.-O.)
| | - Rolf W. Hartmann
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus C23, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany; E-Mails: (E.P.); (S.M.-O.)
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Campus C23, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +49-681-302-70300; Fax: +49-681-302-70308
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12
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Marchais-Oberwinkler S, Xu K, Wetzel M, Perspicace E, Negri M, Meyer A, Odermatt A, Möller G, Adamski J, Hartmann RW. Structural Optimization of 2,5-Thiophene Amides as Highly Potent and Selective 17β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 2 Inhibitors for the Treatment of Osteoporosis. J Med Chem 2012; 56:167-81. [DOI: 10.1021/jm3014053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kuiying Xu
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal
Chemistry, Saarland University, D-66041
Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Marie Wetzel
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal
Chemistry, Saarland University, D-66041
Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Enrico Perspicace
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal
Chemistry, Saarland University, D-66041
Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Matthias Negri
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Campus
C23, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Arne Meyer
- Division of Molecular and Systems
Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstraße 50, CH-4056 Basel,
Switzerland
| | - Alex Odermatt
- Division of Molecular and Systems
Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstraße 50, CH-4056 Basel,
Switzerland
| | - Gabriele Möller
- Genome Analysis
Center, Institute
of Experimental Genetic, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jerzy Adamski
- Genome Analysis
Center, Institute
of Experimental Genetic, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Lehrstuhl für Experimentelle
Genetik, Technische Universität München, D-85350 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Rolf W. Hartmann
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal
Chemistry, Saarland University, D-66041
Saarbrücken, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Campus
C23, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
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13
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Henn C, Einspanier A, Marchais-Oberwinkler S, Frotscher M, Hartmann RW. Lead Optimization of 17β-HSD1 Inhibitors of the (Hydroxyphenyl)naphthol Sulfonamide Type for the Treatment of Endometriosis. J Med Chem 2012; 55:3307-18. [DOI: 10.1021/jm201735j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Henn
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal
Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus
C2 3, D-66041 Saarbrücken, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical
Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Center for Infection Research (HZI), Campus C2 3, 66123 Saarbrücken,
Germany
| | - Almuth Einspanier
- Faculty of Veterinary
Medicine, Institute of Physiological Chemistry, An den Tierkliniken
1, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Martin Frotscher
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal
Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus
C2 3, D-66041 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Rolf W. Hartmann
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal
Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus
C2 3, D-66041 Saarbrücken, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical
Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Center for Infection Research (HZI), Campus C2 3, 66123 Saarbrücken,
Germany
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