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Martínez-Arias L, Fernández-Villabrille S, Alonso-Montes C, García-Navazo G, Ruíz-Torres MP, Alajarín R, Alvarez-Builla J, Gutiérrez-Calabres E, Vaquero-López JJ, Carrillo-López N, Rodríguez-Puyol D, Cannata-Andía JB, Panizo S, Naves-Díaz M. Effects of a Losartan-Antioxidant Hybrid (GGN1231) on Vascular and Cardiac Health in an Experimental Model of Chronic Renal Failure. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15081820. [PMID: 37111038 PMCID: PMC10143556 DOI: 10.3390/nu15081820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Drugs providing antihypertensive and protective cardiovascular actions are of clinical interest in controlling cardiovascular events and slowing the progression of kidney disease. We studied the effect of a hybrid compound, GGN1231 (derived from losartan in which a powerful antioxidant was attached), on the prevention of cardiovascular damage, cardiac hypertrophy, and fibrosis in a rat model of severe chronic renal failure (CRF). CRF by a 7/8 nephrectomy was carried out in male Wistar rats fed with a diet rich in phosphorous (0.9%) and normal calcium (0.6%) for a period of 12 weeks until sacrifice. In week 8, rats were randomized in five groups receiving different drugs including dihydrocaffeic acid as antioxidant (Aox), losartan (Los), dihydrocaffeic acid+losartan (Aox+Los) and GGN1231 as follows: Group 1 (CRF+vehicle group), Group 2 (CRF+Aox group), Group 3 (CRF+Los group), Group 4 (CRF+Aox+Los group), and Group 5 (CRF+GGN1231 group). Group 5, the CRF+GGN1231 group, displayed reduced proteinuria, aortic TNF-α, blood pressure, LV wall thickness, diameter of the cardiomyocytes, ATR1, cardiac TNF-α and fibrosis, cardiac collagen I, and TGF-β1 expression. A non-significant 20% reduction in the mortality was also observed. This study showed the possible advantages of GGN1231, which could help in the management of cardiovascular and inflammatory processes. Further research is needed to confirm and even expand the positive aspects of this compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Martínez-Arias
- Bone and Mineral Research Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), Universidad de Oviedo, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- Redes de Investigación Cooperativa Orientadas a Resultados en Salud (RICORS), RICORS2040 (Kidney Disease), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Fernández-Villabrille
- Bone and Mineral Research Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), Universidad de Oviedo, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- Redes de Investigación Cooperativa Orientadas a Resultados en Salud (RICORS), RICORS2040 (Kidney Disease), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Alonso-Montes
- Bone and Mineral Research Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), Universidad de Oviedo, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- Redes de Investigación Cooperativa Orientadas a Resultados en Salud (RICORS), RICORS2040 (Kidney Disease), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Gonzalo García-Navazo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Investigación Química "Andrés M. del Río" (IQAR), Universidad de Alcalá (IRYCIS), 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - María P Ruíz-Torres
- Redes de Investigación Cooperativa Orientadas a Resultados en Salud (RICORS), RICORS2040 (Kidney Disease), 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Physiology Unit, Department of Systems Biology, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Alcalá, Área 3-Fisiología y Fisiopatología Renal y Vascular del Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Instituto Reina Sofía de Investigación Nefrológica (IRSIN) de la Fundación Renal Iñigo Álvarez de Toledo (FRIAT), 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Ramón Alajarín
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Investigación Química "Andrés M. del Río" (IQAR), Universidad de Alcalá (IRYCIS), 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Julio Alvarez-Builla
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Investigación Química "Andrés M. del Río" (IQAR), Universidad de Alcalá (IRYCIS), 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Elena Gutiérrez-Calabres
- Redes de Investigación Cooperativa Orientadas a Resultados en Salud (RICORS), RICORS2040 (Kidney Disease), 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Physiology Unit, Department of Systems Biology, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Alcalá, Área 3-Fisiología y Fisiopatología Renal y Vascular del Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Instituto Reina Sofía de Investigación Nefrológica (IRSIN) de la Fundación Renal Iñigo Álvarez de Toledo (FRIAT), 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Juan José Vaquero-López
- Redes de Investigación Cooperativa Orientadas a Resultados en Salud (RICORS), RICORS2040 (Kidney Disease), 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Investigación Química "Andrés M. del Río" (IQAR), Universidad de Alcalá (IRYCIS), 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Natalia Carrillo-López
- Bone and Mineral Research Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), Universidad de Oviedo, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- Redes de Investigación Cooperativa Orientadas a Resultados en Salud (RICORS), RICORS2040 (Kidney Disease), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Diego Rodríguez-Puyol
- Redes de Investigación Cooperativa Orientadas a Resultados en Salud (RICORS), RICORS2040 (Kidney Disease), 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Physiology Unit, Department of Systems Biology, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Alcalá, Área 3-Fisiología y Fisiopatología Renal y Vascular del Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Instituto Reina Sofía de Investigación Nefrológica (IRSIN) de la Fundación Renal Iñigo Álvarez de Toledo (FRIAT), 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
- Departamento de Medicina, Universidad de Alcalá, Servicio de Nefrología, Hospital Universitario Príncipe de Asturias, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Jorge B Cannata-Andía
- Bone and Mineral Research Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), Universidad de Oviedo, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- Redes de Investigación Cooperativa Orientadas a Resultados en Salud (RICORS), RICORS2040 (Kidney Disease), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Panizo
- Bone and Mineral Research Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), Universidad de Oviedo, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- Redes de Investigación Cooperativa Orientadas a Resultados en Salud (RICORS), RICORS2040 (Kidney Disease), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Naves-Díaz
- Bone and Mineral Research Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), Universidad de Oviedo, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- Redes de Investigación Cooperativa Orientadas a Resultados en Salud (RICORS), RICORS2040 (Kidney Disease), 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Singh H, Agrawal DK. Recent advances in the development of active hybrid molecules in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Bioorg Med Chem 2022; 62:116706. [PMID: 35364524 PMCID: PMC9018605 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2022.116706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Multifactorial nature of the underlying pathophysiology of chronic disorders hinders in the effective treatment and management of many complex diseases. The conventional targeted therapies have limited applications due to highly complicated disease etiology. Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the group of disorders of the heart and blood vessels. Currently, there is limited knowledge on the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms of many of the CVDs due to their complex pathophysiology and co-morbidities. Their management with conventional medications results in failure due to adverse drug reactions and clinical specificity of solo-targeting drug therapy. Therefore, it is critical to introduce an alternative strategy to treat multi-factorial diseases. In the past few years, discovery and use of multi-targeted drug therapy with hybrid molecules have shown promising results with minimal side effects, and thus considered a most effective approach. In this review article, prominent hybrid molecules combining with different active moieties are reported to synergistically and simultaneously block different pathways involved in CVDs. Here, we provide a critical evaluation and discussion on their pharmacology with mechanistic insights and the structure activity relationship. The timely information provided in this article reveals the recent trends of molecular hybridization to the scientific community interested in CVDs and help them in designing the next generation of multi-targeting drug therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harbinder Singh
- Department of Translational Research, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, USA
| | - Devendra K Agrawal
- Department of Translational Research, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, USA.
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3
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Sayyad N, Maji R, Omolo CA, Ganai AM, Ibrahim UH, Pathan TK, Devnarain N, Karpoormath R, Dhawan S, Obakachi VA, Merugu SR, Kayamba F, Mahlalela M, Govender T, Tzakos AG, Singh S. Development of niosomes for encapsulating captopril-quercetin prodrug to combat hypertension. Int J Pharm 2021; 609:121191. [PMID: 34670120 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.121191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Novel and effective anti-hypertensive agents are required to manage hypertension; therefore, we synthesised a novel antihypertensive drug from captopril and quercetin (cap-que) and explored its antihypertensive potential in a niosomal formulation via molecular hybridisation. The cap-que hybrid was synthesised, and its structure was characterised via NMR, FTIR, and HRMS. Niosomes were then loaded with cap-que using the thin-film hydration method. The particle size, polydispersity index, surface charge and drug entrapment efficiency (EE%) of the formulation were 418.8 ± 4.21 nm, 0.393 ± 0.063, 16.25 ± 0.21 mV, and 87.74 ± 2.82%, respectively. The drug release profile showed a sustained release of the active compound (43 ± 0.09%) from the niosomal formulation, compared to the parent drug (80.7 ± 4.68%), over 24 h. The cell viability study confirmed the biosafety of the formulation. The in vivo study in a rat model showed enhanced antihypertensive activity of the hybrid molecule and niosomal formulation which reduced systolic and diastolic pressure when compared to the individual, bare drugs. The findings of this study concluded that the antihypertensive potential of captopril can be enhanced by its hybridisation with quercetin, followed by niosomal nano drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisar Sayyad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville Campus), Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Ruma Maji
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu Natal, (Westville Campus), Private Bag X54001, Durban, South Africa
| | - Calvin A Omolo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville Campus), Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa; United States International University-Africa, School of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutics, P.O. Box 14634-00800, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Ab Majeed Ganai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville Campus), Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Usri H Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu Natal, (Westville Campus), Private Bag X54001, Durban, South Africa
| | - Tabasum Khan Pathan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville Campus), Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Nikita Devnarain
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu Natal, (Westville Campus), Private Bag X54001, Durban, South Africa
| | - Rajshekhar Karpoormath
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville Campus), Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa.
| | - Sanjeev Dhawan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville Campus), Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Vincent A Obakachi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville Campus), Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Srinivas Reddy Merugu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville Campus), Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Francis Kayamba
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville Campus), Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Mavela Mahlalela
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville Campus), Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Thirumala Govender
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu Natal, (Westville Campus), Private Bag X54001, Durban, South Africa
| | - Andreas G Tzakos
- Section of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, Ioannina 45110, Greece
| | - Sima Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville Campus), Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa
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4
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Tsiailanis AD, Renziehausen A, Kiriakidi S, Vrettos EI, Markopoulos GS, Sayyad N, Hirmiz B, Aguilar MI, Del Borgo MP, Kolettas E, Widdop RE, Mavromoustakos T, Crook T, Syed N, Tzakos AG. Enhancement of glioblastoma multiforme therapy through a novel Quercetin-Losartan hybrid. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 160:391-402. [PMID: 32822744 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and aggressive primary malignant brain tumor. Maximal surgical resection followed by radiotherapy and concomitant chemotherapy with temozolomide remains the first-line therapy, prolonging the survival of patients by an average of only 2.5 months. There is therefore an urgent need for novel therapeutic strategies to improve clinical outcomes. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are an important contributor to GBM development. Here, we describe the rational design and synthesis of a stable hybrid molecule tethering two ROS regulating moieties, with the aim of constructing a chemopreventive and anticancer chemical entity that retains the properties of the parent compounds. We utilized the selective AT1R antagonist losartan, leading to the inhibition of ROS levels, and the antioxidant flavonoid quercetin. In GBM cells, we show that this hybrid retains the binding potential of losartan to the AT1R through competition-binding experiments and simultaneously exhibits ROS inhibition and antioxidant capacity similar to native quercetin. In addition, we demonstrate that the hybrid is able to alter the cell cycle distribution of GBM cells, leading to cell cycle arrest and to the induction of cytotoxic effects. Last, the hybrid significantly and selectively reduces cancer cell proliferation and angiogenesis in primary GBM cultures with respect to the isolated parent components or their simple combination, further emphasizing the potential utility of the current hybridization approach in GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonis D Tsiailanis
- University of Ioannina, Section of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Alexander Renziehausen
- John Fulcher Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - Sofia Kiriakidi
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Department of Chemistry, Athens, Greece
| | - Eirinaios I Vrettos
- University of Ioannina, Section of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Georgios S Markopoulos
- University of Ioannina, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Laboratory of Biology, University Campus, 45110, Ioannina, Greece; Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology, Biomedical Research Division, 45115, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Nisar Sayyad
- University of Ioannina, Section of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Baydaa Hirmiz
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Marie-Isabel Aguilar
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Mark P Del Borgo
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Evangelos Kolettas
- University of Ioannina, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Laboratory of Biology, University Campus, 45110, Ioannina, Greece; Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology, Biomedical Research Division, 45115, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Robert E Widdop
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Thomas Mavromoustakos
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Department of Chemistry, Athens, Greece
| | - Tim Crook
- John Fulcher Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK.
| | - Nelofer Syed
- John Fulcher Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK.
| | - Andreas G Tzakos
- University of Ioannina, Section of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Ioannina, Greece; University Research Center of Ioannina (URCI), Institute of Materials Science and Computing, Ioannina, Greece.
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5
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McKinnell RM, Fatheree P, Choi SK, Gendron R, Jendza K, Olson Blair B, Budman J, Hill CM, Hegde LG, Yu C, McConn D, Hegde SS, Marquess DG, Klein U. Discovery of TD-0212, an Orally Active Dual Pharmacology AT 1 Antagonist and Neprilysin Inhibitor (ARNI). ACS Med Chem Lett 2019; 10:86-91. [PMID: 30655952 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.8b00462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Dual inhibition of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and neprilysin (NEP) by drugs such as omapatrilat produces superior antihypertensive efficacy relative to ACE inhibitors but is associated with a higher risk of life-threatening angioedema due to bradykinin elevations. We hypothesized that dual AT1 (angiotensin II type 1 receptor) blockade and NEP inhibition with a single molecule would produce similar antihypertensive efficacy to omapatrilat without the risk of angioedema since ACE (the rate limiting enzyme in bradykinin metabolism) would remain uninhibited. Merging the structures of losartan (an AT1 antagonist) and thiorphan (a NEP inhibitor) led to the discovery of a novel series of orally active, dual AT1 antagonist/NEP inhibitors (ARNIs) exemplified by compound 35 (TD-0212). In models of renin-dependent and -independent hypertension, 35 produced blood pressure reductions similar to omapatrilat and combinations of AT1 receptor antagonists and NEP inhibitors. Upper airway angioedema risk was assessed in a rat tracheal plasma extravasation (TPE) model. Unlike omapatrilat, 35 did not increase TPE at antihypertensive doses. Compound 35 therefore provides the enhanced activity of dual AT1/NEP inhibition with a potentially lower risk of angioedema relative to dual ACE/NEP inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Murray McKinnell
- Theravance Biopharma US Inc., 901 Gateway Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Paul Fatheree
- Theravance Biopharma US Inc., 901 Gateway Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Seok-Ki Choi
- Theravance Biopharma US Inc., 901 Gateway Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Roland Gendron
- Theravance Biopharma US Inc., 901 Gateway Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Keith Jendza
- Theravance Biopharma US Inc., 901 Gateway Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Brooke Olson Blair
- Theravance Biopharma US Inc., 901 Gateway Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Joe Budman
- Theravance Biopharma US Inc., 901 Gateway Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Craig M. Hill
- Theravance Biopharma US Inc., 901 Gateway Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Laxminarayan G. Hegde
- Theravance Biopharma US Inc., 901 Gateway Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Cecile Yu
- Theravance Biopharma US Inc., 901 Gateway Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Donavon McConn
- Theravance Biopharma US Inc., 901 Gateway Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Sharath S. Hegde
- Theravance Biopharma US Inc., 901 Gateway Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Daniel G. Marquess
- Theravance Biopharma US Inc., 901 Gateway Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Uwe Klein
- Theravance Biopharma US Inc., 901 Gateway Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
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Meyer M, Foulquier S, Dupuis F, Flament S, Grimaud L, Henrion D, Lartaud I, Monard G, Grillier-Vuissoz I, Boisbrun M. Synthesis and evaluation of new designed multiple ligands directed towards both peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ and angiotensin II type 1 receptor. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 158:334-352. [PMID: 30223121 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.08.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Because of the complex biological networks, many pathologic disorders fail to be treated with a molecule directed towards a single target. Thus, combination therapies are often necessary, but they have many drawbacks. An alternative consists in building molecules intended to interact with multiple targets, called designed multiple ligands. We followed such a strategy in order to treat metabolic syndrome, by setting up molecules directed towards both type 1 angiotensin II (AT1) receptor and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ). For this purpose, many molecules were prepared by merging both pharmacophores following three different strategies. Their ability to activate PPAR-γ and to block AT1 receptors were evaluated in vitro. This strategy led to the preparation of many new PPAR-γ activating and AT1 blocking molecules. Among them, some exhibited both activities, highlighting the convenience of this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Meyer
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, L2CM, F-54000, Nancy, France
| | | | | | | | - Linda Grimaud
- UMR CNRS 6214, INSERM U1083, CARFI facility, MITOVASC Institute, University of Angers, Angers, France
| | - Daniel Henrion
- UMR CNRS 6214, INSERM U1083, CARFI facility, MITOVASC Institute, University of Angers, Angers, France
| | | | - Gérald Monard
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LPCT, 54000, Nancy, France
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7
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Khandelwal S, Tailor YK, Kumar M. Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) as eco-friendly and sustainable solvent/catalyst systems in organic transformations. J Mol Liq 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2015.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 246] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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8
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Cano-Peñalver JL, Griera M, García-Jerez A, Hatem-Vaquero M, Ruiz-Torres MP, Rodríguez-Puyol D, Frutos SD, Rodríguez-Puyol M. Renal Integrin-Linked Kinase Depletion Induces Kidney cGMP-Axis Upregulation: Consequences on Basal and Acutely Damaged Renal Function. Mol Med 2015; 21:873-885. [PMID: 26562149 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2015.00059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) is activated by nitric oxide (NO) and produces cGMP, which activates cGMP-dependent protein kinases (PKG) and is hydrolyzed by specific phosphodiesterases (PDE). The vasodilatory and cytoprotective capacity of cGMP-axis activation results in a therapeutic strategy for several pathologies. Integrin-linked kinase (ILK), a major scaffold protein between the extracellular matrix and intracellular signaling pathways, may modulate the expression and functionality of the cGMP-axis-related proteins. We introduce ILK as a novel modulator in renal homeostasis as well as a potential target for cisplatin (CIS)-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) improvement. We used an adult mice model of depletion of ILK (cKD-ILK), which showed basal increase of sGC and PKG expressions and activities in renal cortex when compared with wildtype (WT) littermates. Twenty-four h activation of sGC activation with NO enhanced the filtration rate in cKD-ILK. During AKI, cKD-ILK maintained the cGMP-axis upregulation with consequent filtration rates enhancement and ameliorated CIS-dependent tubular epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and inflammation and markers. To emphasize the role of cGMP-axis upregulation due to ILK depletion, we modulated the cGMP axis under AKI in vivo and in renal cultured cells. A suboptimal dose of the PDE inhibitor ZAP enhanced the beneficial effects of the ILK depletion in AKI mice. On the other hand, CIS increased contractility-related events in cultured glomerular mesangial cells and necrosis rates in cultured tubular cells; ILK depletion protected the cells while sGC blockade with ODQ fully recovered the damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Luis Cano-Peñalver
- Department of Systems Biology, Physiology Unit, Universidad de Alcalà, Alcalà de Henares, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto Reina Sofia de Investigaciόn Renal and REDinREN from Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mercedes Griera
- Department of Systems Biology, Physiology Unit, Universidad de Alcalà, Alcalà de Henares, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto Reina Sofia de Investigaciόn Renal and REDinREN from Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrea García-Jerez
- Department of Systems Biology, Physiology Unit, Universidad de Alcalà, Alcalà de Henares, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto Reina Sofia de Investigaciόn Renal and REDinREN from Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marco Hatem-Vaquero
- Department of Systems Biology, Physiology Unit, Universidad de Alcalà, Alcalà de Henares, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto Reina Sofia de Investigaciόn Renal and REDinREN from Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Piedad Ruiz-Torres
- Department of Systems Biology, Physiology Unit, Universidad de Alcalà, Alcalà de Henares, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto Reina Sofia de Investigaciόn Renal and REDinREN from Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Diego Rodríguez-Puyol
- Instituto Reina Sofia de Investigaciόn Renal and REDinREN from Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Biomedical Research Foundation and Nephrology Department, Hospital Príncipe de Asturias, Alcalà de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergio de Frutos
- Department of Systems Biology, Physiology Unit, Universidad de Alcalà, Alcalà de Henares, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto Reina Sofia de Investigaciόn Renal and REDinREN from Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Rodríguez-Puyol
- Department of Systems Biology, Physiology Unit, Universidad de Alcalà, Alcalà de Henares, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto Reina Sofia de Investigaciόn Renal and REDinREN from Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Zhang L, Peng XM, Damu GLV, Geng RX, Zhou CH. Comprehensive review in current developments of imidazole-based medicinal chemistry. Med Res Rev 2013; 34:340-437. [PMID: 23740514 DOI: 10.1002/med.21290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 462] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Imidazole ring is an important five-membered aromatic heterocycle widely present in natural products and synthetic molecules. The unique structural feature of imidazole ring with desirable electron-rich characteristic is beneficial for imidazole derivatives to readily bind with a variety of enzymes and receptors in biological systems through diverse weak interactions, thereby exhibiting broad bioactivities. The related research and developments of imidazole-based medicinal chemistry have become a rapidly developing and increasingly active topic. Particularly, numerous imidazole-based compounds as clinical drugs have been extensively used in the clinic to treat various types of diseases with high therapeutic potency, which have shown the enormous development value. This work systematically gives a comprehensive review in current developments of imidazole-based compounds in the whole range of medicinal chemistry as anticancer, antifungal, antibacterial, antitubercular, anti-inflammatory, antineuropathic, antihypertensive, antihistaminic, antiparasitic, antiobesity, antiviral, and other medicinal agents, together with their potential applications in diagnostics and pathology. It is hoped that this review will be helpful for new thoughts in the quest for rational designs of more active and less toxic imidazole-based medicinal drugs, as well as more effective diagnostic agents and pathologic probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhang
- Laboratory of Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China
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