1
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Wang X, Yue D, Yang C, Xu M, Chang L, Geng C, Duan S, Shen X. La(OTf) 3-Catalyzed Benzannulation of 2-Arylidene-1 H-indene-1,3(2 H)-diones with Enamino Esters: Direct Access to Functionalized Fluorenone Derivatives. J Org Chem 2025; 90:3825-3833. [PMID: 40052733 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c02369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2025]
Abstract
An attractive method for the preparation of functional fluorenone derivatives has been developed via La(OTf)3-catalyzed benzannulation of 2-arylidene-1H-indene-1,3(2H)-diones with enamino esters. The reaction involves Michael addition, intramolecular cyclization, dehydration, and aromatization in a one-step process and affords a wide range of functional fluorenone derivatives in moderate to good yields. Moreover, this protocol provides several advantages, including broad substrate scope, readily available materials, high atom economy, and applicability for large-scale synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuequan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pharmaceutical and Chemical Biology of Yunnan Province, School of Chemistry and Resources Engineering, Honghe University, Mengzi, Yunnan 661100, P. R. China
| | - Dan Yue
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pharmaceutical and Chemical Biology of Yunnan Province, School of Chemistry and Resources Engineering, Honghe University, Mengzi, Yunnan 661100, P. R. China
| | - Changhui Yang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pharmaceutical and Chemical Biology of Yunnan Province, School of Chemistry and Resources Engineering, Honghe University, Mengzi, Yunnan 661100, P. R. China
| | - Mingde Xu
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pharmaceutical and Chemical Biology of Yunnan Province, School of Chemistry and Resources Engineering, Honghe University, Mengzi, Yunnan 661100, P. R. China
| | - Longguiyu Chang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pharmaceutical and Chemical Biology of Yunnan Province, School of Chemistry and Resources Engineering, Honghe University, Mengzi, Yunnan 661100, P. R. China
| | - Chunyan Geng
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pharmaceutical and Chemical Biology of Yunnan Province, School of Chemistry and Resources Engineering, Honghe University, Mengzi, Yunnan 661100, P. R. China
| | - Suyue Duan
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pharmaceutical and Chemical Biology of Yunnan Province, School of Chemistry and Resources Engineering, Honghe University, Mengzi, Yunnan 661100, P. R. China
| | - Xianfu Shen
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Qujing Normal University, Qujing, Yunnan 655011, P. R. China
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2
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Li W, Yu Y, Yang J, Fu K, Zhang X, Shi S, Li T. Synthesis of Fluoren-9-ones via Pd-Catalyzed Annulation of 2-Iodobiphenyls with Vinylene Carbonate. Chem Asian J 2024; 19:e202301040. [PMID: 38019114 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202301040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
A palladium-catalyzed reaction for intermolecular selective C-H cyclocarbonylation of 2-iodobiphenyls is described. Intriguingly, the vinylene carbonate acts as a carbon monoxide transfer agent to enable the annulation reaction. Moreover, as a versatile synthon, fluoren-9-one can be transformed into a variety of functionalized organic molecules, such as [1,1'-biphenyl]-2-carboxylic acid, 1'H,3'H-spiro[fluorene-9,2'-perimidine] and N-tosylhydrazones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenguang Li
- Drug Synthesis Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Photoelectric Green Catalysis, Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Solar Catalysis, College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Henan, 473061, China
- State Key Laboratory of Motor Vehicle Biofuel Technology, Henan Tianguan Enterprise Group Company Limited, Henan, 473000, China
| | - Yongqi Yu
- Drug Synthesis Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Photoelectric Green Catalysis, Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Solar Catalysis, College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Henan, 473061, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Drug Synthesis Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Photoelectric Green Catalysis, Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Solar Catalysis, College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Henan, 473061, China
| | - Kaifang Fu
- Drug Synthesis Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Photoelectric Green Catalysis, Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Solar Catalysis, College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Henan, 473061, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Drug Synthesis Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Photoelectric Green Catalysis, Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Solar Catalysis, College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Henan, 473061, China
| | - Shukui Shi
- Drug Synthesis Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Photoelectric Green Catalysis, Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Solar Catalysis, College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Henan, 473061, China
| | - Ting Li
- Drug Synthesis Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Photoelectric Green Catalysis, Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Solar Catalysis, College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Henan, 473061, China
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3
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Vlad IM, Nuță DC, Ancuceanu RV, Costea T, Coanda M, Popa M, Marutescu LG, Zarafu I, Ionita P, Pirvu CED, Bleotu C, Chifiriuc MC, Limban C. Insights into the Microbicidal, Antibiofilm, Antioxidant and Toxicity Profile of New O-Aryl-Carbamoyl-Oxymino-Fluorene Derivatives. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087020. [PMID: 37108183 PMCID: PMC10138554 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The unprecedented increase in microbial resistance rates to all current drugs raises an acute need for the design of more effective antimicrobial strategies. Moreover, the importance of oxidative stress due to chronic inflammation in infections with resistant bacteria represents a key factor for the development of new antibacterial agents with potential antioxidant effects. Thus, the purpose of this study was to bioevaluate new O-aryl-carbamoyl-oxymino-fluorene derivatives for their potential use against infectious diseases. With this aim, their antimicrobial effect was evaluated using quantitative assays (minimum inhibitory/bactericidal/biofilms inhibitory concentrations) (MIC/MBC/MBIC), the obtained values being 0.156-10/0.312-10/0.009-1.25 mg/mL), while some of the involved mechanisms (i.e., membrane depolarization) were investigated by flow cytometry. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by studying the scavenger capacity of DPPH and ABTS•+ radicals and the toxicity was tested in vitro on three cell lines and in vivo on the crustacean Artemia franciscana Kellog. The four compounds derived from 9H-fluoren-9-one oxime proved to exhibit promising antimicrobial features and particularly, a significant antibiofilm activity. The presence of chlorine induced an electron-withdrawing effect, favoring the anti-Staphylococcus aureus and that of the methyl group exhibited a +I effect of enhancing the anti-Candida albicans activity. The IC50 values calculated in the two toxicity assays revealed similar values and the potential of these compounds to inhibit the proliferation of tumoral cells. Taken together, all these data demonstrate the potential of the tested compounds to be further used for the development of novel antimicrobial and anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilinca Margareta Vlad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020956 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Diana Camelia Nuță
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020956 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Robert Viorel Ancuceanu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Cell Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 TraianVuia, 020956 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Teodora Costea
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Phytochemistry and Phytotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020956 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Maria Coanda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020956 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Marcela Popa
- Research Institute of the University of Bucharest-ICUB, University of Bucharest, 50567 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Luminita Gabriela Marutescu
- Research Institute of the University of Bucharest-ICUB, University of Bucharest, 50567 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Botany & Microbiology, University of Bucharest, 050095 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Irina Zarafu
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Biochemistry and Catalysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bucharest, 050663 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Petre Ionita
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Biochemistry and Catalysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bucharest, 050663 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cristina Elena Dinu Pirvu
- Department of Physical and Colloidal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020956 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Coralia Bleotu
- Research Institute of the University of Bucharest-ICUB, University of Bucharest, 50567 Bucharest, Romania
- Ştefan S. Nicolau Institute of Virology, 285 Mihai Bravu Avenue, 030304 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mariana-Carmen Chifiriuc
- Department of Botany & Microbiology, University of Bucharest, 050095 Bucharest, Romania
- Romanian Academy, 050044 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Carmen Limban
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020956 Bucharest, Romania
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4
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Haggam RA. Microwave-assisted intramolecular palladium-mediated cyclizations of o-iodobenzophenones for methoxy fluoren-9-ones. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2022.2095210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Reda A. Haggam
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Islamic University of Madinah, Medina, Saudi Arabia
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5
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Jourjine IAP, Zeisel L, Krauß J, Bracher F. Synthesis of highly substituted fluorenones via metal-free TBHP-promoted oxidative cyclization of 2-(aminomethyl)biphenyls. Application to the total synthesis of nobilone. Beilstein J Org Chem 2021; 17:2668-2679. [PMID: 34804239 PMCID: PMC8576822 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.17.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Highly substituted fluorenones are readily prepared in mostly fair to good yields via metal- and additive-free TBHP-promoted cross-dehydrogenative coupling (CDC) of readily accessible N-methyl-2-(aminomethyl)biphenyls and 2-(aminomethyl)biphenyls. This methodology is compatible with numerous functional groups (methoxy, cyano, nitro, chloro, and SEM and TBS-protective groups for phenols) and was further utilized in the first total synthesis of the natural product nobilone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilya A P Jourjine
- Department of Pharmacy - Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Butenandtstraße 5–13, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Lukas Zeisel
- Department of Pharmacy - Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Butenandtstraße 5–13, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Jürgen Krauß
- Department of Pharmacy - Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Butenandtstraße 5–13, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Franz Bracher
- Department of Pharmacy - Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Butenandtstraße 5–13, 81377 Munich, Germany
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6
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Vignaux PA, Minerali E, Lane TR, Foil DH, Madrid PB, Puhl AC, Ekins S. The Antiviral Drug Tilorone Is a Potent and Selective Inhibitor of Acetylcholinesterase. Chem Res Toxicol 2021; 34:1296-1307. [PMID: 33400519 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.0c00466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is an important drug target in neurological disorders like Alzheimer's disease, Lewy body dementia, and Parkinson's disease dementia as well as for other conditions like myasthenia gravis and anticholinergic poisoning. In this study, we have used a combination of high-throughput screening, machine learning, and docking to identify new inhibitors of this enzyme. Bayesian machine learning models were generated with literature data from ChEMBL for eel and human AChE inhibitors as well as butyrylcholinesterase inhibitors (BuChE) and compared with other machine learning methods. High-throughput screens for the eel AChE inhibitor model identified several molecules including tilorone, an antiviral drug that is well-established outside of the United States, as a newly identified nanomolar AChE inhibitor. We have described how tilorone inhibits both eel and human AChE with IC50's of 14.4 nM and 64.4 nM, respectively, but does not inhibit the closely related BuChE IC50 > 50 μM. We have docked tilorone into the human AChE crystal structure and shown that this selectivity is likely due to the reliance on a specific interaction with a hydrophobic residue in the peripheral anionic site of AChE that is absent in BuChE. We also conducted a pharmacological safety profile (SafetyScreen44) and kinase selectivity screen (SelectScreen) that showed tilorone (1 μM) only inhibited AChE out of 44 toxicology target proteins evaluated and did not appreciably inhibit any of the 485 kinases tested. This study suggests there may be a potential role for repurposing tilorone or its derivatives in conditions that benefit from AChE inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia A Vignaux
- Collaborations Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 840 Main Campus Drive, Lab 3510, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
| | - Eni Minerali
- Collaborations Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 840 Main Campus Drive, Lab 3510, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
| | - Thomas R Lane
- Collaborations Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 840 Main Campus Drive, Lab 3510, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
| | - Daniel H Foil
- Collaborations Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 840 Main Campus Drive, Lab 3510, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
| | - Peter B Madrid
- SRI International, 333 Ravenswood Avenue, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Ana C Puhl
- Collaborations Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 840 Main Campus Drive, Lab 3510, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
| | - Sean Ekins
- Collaborations Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 840 Main Campus Drive, Lab 3510, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
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7
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Wan J, Zhao J, Zhang X, Fan H, Zhang J, Hu D, Jin P, Wang DY. Epoxy thermosets and materials derived from bio-based monomeric phenols: Transformations and performances. Prog Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2020.101287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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8
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Zanoza SO, Klimenko KO, Maltzev GV, Bykova TI, Levandovskiy IA, Lyakhov SA, Andronati SA, Bondarev ML. Aminoalkoxyfluorenones and aminoalkoxybiphenyls: DNA binding modes. Bioorg Chem 2019; 86:52-60. [PMID: 30685644 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Many evidences suggest that DNA-drug interaction in the minor groove and the intercalation of drugs into DNA may play critical roles in antiviral, antimicrobial, and antitumor activities. As a continuous effort to develop novel antiviral agents, the series of planar fluorenone (3a-7d) were synthesized and used along with nonplanar biphenyls (11a-d) for the comparative analysis of their interaction with DNA. The chemical structure of new compounds was confirmed by 1H NMR, 13C NMR and mass spectra as well as elemental analysis. DNA affinity of 3a-7d and 11a-d was evaluated by ethidium bromide displacement assay. Affinity constant (lgKa) of 3a-7d was found to be approximately two orders of magnitude higher than constants of corresponding 11a-d. The molecular docking of aminoalkoxybiphenyls (11a-d) into minor grove of five different nucleotide sequences (d(CCIICICCII), d(CGCGTTAACGCG), d(CGCGATATCGCG), d(GGCCAATTGG), d(GGATATATCC)) demonstrated their binding capacity to the specific DNA site. The linear least squares fitting technique was successfully applied to derive an equation describing the relationship between lgKa and SF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svitlana O Zanoza
- A. V. Bogatsky Physico-Chemical Institute of the National Academy of Science of Ukraine, 86 Lyustdorfskaya doroga, Odessa 65080, Ukraine
| | - Kyrylo O Klimenko
- A. V. Bogatsky Physico-Chemical Institute of the National Academy of Science of Ukraine, 86 Lyustdorfskaya doroga, Odessa 65080, Ukraine; Laboratoire de Chemoinformatique, (UMR 7140 CNRS/UniStra) Université de Strasbourg, 1, rue B. Pascal, Strasbourg 67000, France
| | - George V Maltzev
- A. V. Bogatsky Physico-Chemical Institute of the National Academy of Science of Ukraine, 86 Lyustdorfskaya doroga, Odessa 65080, Ukraine
| | - Tetiana I Bykova
- I. I. Mechnikov National University, Department of Chemistry, 2 Dvoryanskaya, Odessa 65026, Ukraine
| | - Igor A Levandovskiy
- Department of Organic Chemistry, National Technical University of Ukraine "Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute", 37 Pr. Pobedy, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Sergiy A Lyakhov
- A. V. Bogatsky Physico-Chemical Institute of the National Academy of Science of Ukraine, 86 Lyustdorfskaya doroga, Odessa 65080, Ukraine
| | - Sergiy A Andronati
- A. V. Bogatsky Physico-Chemical Institute of the National Academy of Science of Ukraine, 86 Lyustdorfskaya doroga, Odessa 65080, Ukraine
| | - Mikhail L Bondarev
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Hampton University, Kittrell Hall, Hampton, VA 23668, USA.
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Wen G, Liu Q, Hu H, Wang D, Wu S. Design, synthesis, biological evaluation, and molecular docking of novel flavones as H 3 R inhibitors. Chem Biol Drug Des 2017; 90:580-589. [PMID: 28328173 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2016] [Revised: 02/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A series of novel flavone derivatives were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for their H3 R inhibitory activity. The results showed that four compounds exhibited significant anti-H3 R activity. Molecular docking experiments indicated that a salt bridge, hydrogen-bonding, and hydrophobic interactions all contributed to interactions between inhibitors and H3 R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines & Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Biosynthesis of Natural Products, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines & Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Biosynthesis of Natural Products, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Huabin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines & Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Biosynthesis of Natural Products, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Dongmei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines & Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Biosynthesis of Natural Products, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Song Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines & Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Biosynthesis of Natural Products, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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10
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Chen XY, Ozturk S, Sorensen EJ. Synthesis of Fluorenones from Benzaldehydes and Aryl Iodides: Dual C–H Functionalizations Using a Transient Directing Group. Org Lett 2017; 19:1140-1143. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b00161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yang Chen
- Department
of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Seyma Ozturk
- Department
of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Erik J. Sorensen
- Department
of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
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11
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Hair Growth Promoting and Anticancer Effects of p21-activated kinase 1 (PAK1) Inhibitors Isolated from Different Parts of Alpinia zerumbet. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22010132. [PMID: 28098826 PMCID: PMC6155721 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22010132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2016] [Revised: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
PAK1 (p21-activated kinase 1) is an emerging target for the treatment of hair loss (alopecia) and cancer; therefore, the search for PAK1 blockers to treat these PAK1-dependent disorders has received much attention. In this study, we evaluated the anti-alopecia and anticancer effects of PAK1 inhibitors isolated from Alpinia zerumbet (alpinia) in cell culture. The bioactive compounds isolated from alpinia were found to markedly promote hair cell growth. Kaempferol-3-O-β-d-glucuronide (KOG) and labdadiene, two of the isolated compounds, increased the proliferation of human follicle dermal papilla cells by approximately 117%-180% and 132%-226%, respectively, at 10-100 μM. MTD (2,5-bis(1E,3E,5E)-6-methoxyhexa-1,3,5-trien-1-yl)-2,5-dihydrofuran) and TMOQ ((E)-2,2,3,3-tetramethyl-8-methylene-7-(oct-6-en-1-yl)octahydro-1H-quinolizine) showed growth-promoting activity around 164% and 139% at 10 μM, respectively. The hair cell proliferation induced by these compounds was significantly higher than that of minoxidil, a commercially available treatment for hair loss. Furthermore, the isolated compounds from alpinia exhibited anticancer activity against A549 lung cancer cells with IC50 in the range of 67-99 μM. Regarding the mechanism underlying their action, we hypothesized that the anti-alopecia and anticancer activities of these compounds could be attributed to the inhibition of the oncogenic/aging kinase PAK1.
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13
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An Effective Synthesis Method for Tilorone Dihydrochloride with Obvious IFN-α Inducing Activity. Molecules 2015; 20:21458-63. [PMID: 26633340 PMCID: PMC6332401 DOI: 10.3390/molecules201219781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Revised: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Tilorone dihydrochloride (1) has great potential for inducing interferon against pathogenic infection. In this paper, we describe a convenient preparation method for 2,7-dihydroxyfluoren-9-one (2), which is a usual pharmaceutical intermediate for preparing tilorone dihydrochloride (1). In the novel method, methyl esterification of 4,4′-dihydroxy-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-carboxylic acid (4) was carried out under milder conditions with higher yield and played an important role in the preparation of compound 2. The structures of the relative intermediates and target compound were characterized by melting point, IR, MS, and 1H-NMR. Furthermore, the synthesized tilorone dihydrochloride exhibited an obvious effect on induction of interferon-α (IFN-α) in mice within 12 h, and the peak level was observed until 24 h. This fruitful work has resulted in tilorone dihydrochloride becoming available in large-scale and wide application in clinics, which has a good pharmaceutical development prospects.
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14
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Nguyen BCQ, Taira N, Maruta H, Tawata S. Artepillin C and Other Herbal PAK1-blockers: Effects on Hair Cell Proliferation and Related PAK1-dependent Biological Function in Cell Culture. Phytother Res 2015; 30:120-7. [PMID: 26537230 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Revised: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
PAK1 (RAC/CDC42-activated kinase 1) is the major oncogenic kinase, and a number of herbal PAK1-blockers such as propolis and curcumin have been shown to be anti-oncogenic and anti-melanogenic as well as anti-alopecia (promoting hair growth). Previously, we found several distinct PAK1-inhibitors in Okinawa plants including Alpinia zerumbet (alpinia). Thus, here, we tested the effects of these herbal compounds and their derivatives on the growth of cancer or normal hair cells, and melanogenesis in cell culture of A549 lung cancer, hair follicle dermal papilla cell, and B16F10 melanoma. Among these herbal PAK1-inhibitors, cucurbitacin I from bitter melon (Goya) turned out to be the most potent to inhibit the growth of human lung cancer cells with the IC50 around 140 nM and to promote the growth of hair cells with the effective dose around 10 nM. Hispidin, a metabolite of 5,6-dehydrokawain from alpinia, inhibited the growth of cancer cells with the IC50 of 25 μM as does artepillin C, the major anti-cancer ingredient in Brazilian green propolis. Mimosine tetrapeptides (MFWY, MFYY, and MFFY) and hispidin derivatives (H1-3) also exhibited a strong anti-cancer activity with the IC50 ranging from 16 to 30 μM. Mimosine tetrapeptides and hispidin derivatives strongly suppressed the melanogenesis in melanoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binh Cao Quan Nguyen
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, 890-8580, Japan
| | - Nozomi Taira
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, 890-8580, Japan
| | | | - Shinkichi Tawata
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of the Ryukyus, Senbaru 1, Nishihara-cho, Okinawa, 903-0213, Japan
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15
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Lee S, Esteva-Font C, Phuan PW, Anderson MO, Verkman AS. Discovery, synthesis and structure-activity analysis of symmetrical 2,7-disubstituted fluorenones as urea transporter inhibitors. MEDCHEMCOMM 2015; 6:1278-1284. [PMID: 26191399 DOI: 10.1039/c5md00198f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Kidney urea transporters are targets for development of small-molecule inhibitors with action as salt-sparing diuretics. A cell-based, functional high-throughput screen identified 2,7-bisacetamido fluorenone 3 as a novel inhibitor of urea transporters UT-A1 and UT-B. Here, we synthesized twenty-two 2,7-disubstituted fluorenone analogs by acylation. Structure-activity relationship analysis revealed: (a) the carbonyl moiety at C9 is required for UT inhibition; (b) steric limitation on C2, 7-substituents; and (c) the importance of a crescent-shape structure. The most potent fluorenones inhibited UT-A1 and UT-B urea transport with IC50 ~ 1 μM. Analysis of in vitro metabolic stability in hepatic microsomes indicated metabolism of 2,7-disubstituted fluorenones by reductase and subsequent elimination. Computational docking to a homology model of UT-A1 suggested UT inhibitor binding to the UT cytoplasmic domain at a site that does not overlap with the putative urea binding site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujin Lee
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology, University of California, San Francisco CA, 94143-0521 USA
| | - Cristina Esteva-Font
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology, University of California, San Francisco CA, 94143-0521 USA
| | - Puay-Wah Phuan
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology, University of California, San Francisco CA, 94143-0521 USA
| | - Marc O Anderson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Francisco State University, San Francisco CA, 94132-4136 USA
| | - A S Verkman
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology, University of California, San Francisco CA, 94143-0521 USA
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Tan G, Yao Y, Gu Y, Li S, Lv M, Wang K, Chen H, Li X. Cytotoxicity and DNA binding property of the dimers of triphenylethylene–coumarin hybrid with one amino side chain. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 24:2825-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.04.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Revised: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 04/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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17
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Wissing MD, Dadon T, Kim E, Piontek KB, Shim JS, Kaelber NS, Liu JO, Kachhap SK, Nelkin BD. Small-molecule screening of PC3 prostate cancer cells identifies tilorone dihydrochloride to selectively inhibit cell growth based on cyclin-dependent kinase 5 expression. Oncol Rep 2014; 32:419-24. [PMID: 24841903 PMCID: PMC4067428 DOI: 10.3892/or.2014.3174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) is a potential target for prostate cancer treatment, the enzyme being essential for prostate tumor growth and formation of metastases. In the present study, we identified agents that target prostate cancer cells based on CDK5 expression. CDK5 activity was suppressed by transfection of PC3 prostate cancer cells with a dominant-negative construct (PC3 CDK5dn). PC3 CDK5dn and PC3 control cells were screened for compounds that selectively target cells based on CDK5 expression, utilizing the Johns Hopkins Drug Library. MTS proliferation, clonogenic and 3D growth assays were performed to validate the selected hits. Screening of 3,360 compounds identified rutilantin, ethacridine lactate and cetalkonium chloride as compounds that selectively target PC3 control cells and a tilorone analog as a selective inhibitor of PC3 CDK5dn cells. A PubMed literature study indicated that tilorone may have clinical use in patients. Validation experiments confirmed that tilorone treatment resulted in decreased PC3 cell growth and invasion; PC3 cells with inactive CDK5 were inhibited more effectively. Future studies are needed to unravel the mechanism of action of tilorone in CDK5 deficient prostate cancer cells and to test combination therapies with tilorone and a CDK5 inhibitor for its potential use in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel D Wissing
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Tikva Dadon
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Eunice Kim
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Klaus B Piontek
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Joong S Shim
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Nadine S Kaelber
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Jun O Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Sushant K Kachhap
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Barry D Nelkin
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
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18
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Zhao L, Yao Y, Li S, Lv M, Chen H, Li X. Cytotoxicity and DNA binding property of triphenylethylene–coumarin hybrids with two amino side chains. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 24:900-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.12.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2013] [Revised: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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19
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Lee CC, Chang DM, Huang KF, Chen CL, Chen TC, Lo Y, Guh JH, Huang HS. Design, synthesis and antiproliferative evaluation of fluorenone analogs with DNA topoisomerase I inhibitory properties. Bioorg Med Chem 2013; 21:7125-33. [PMID: 24094433 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2013] [Revised: 09/03/2013] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A series of 2,7-diamidofluorenones were designed, synthesized, and screened by SRB assay. Some synthesized compounds exhibited antitumor activities in submicromolar range. Ten compounds (3a, 3b, 3c, 3g, 3j, 3l, 4a, 4h, 4i, and 4j) were also selected by NCI screening system and 3c (GI50=1.66 μM) appeared to be the most active agent of this series. Furthermore, 3c attenuated topoisomerase I-mediated DNA relaxation at low micromolar concentrations. These results indicated that fluorenones have potential to be further developed into anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Chung Lee
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan; School of Pharmacy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
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