Synthesis and lipid-lowering evaluation of 3-methyl-1H-purine-2,6-dione derivatives as potent and orally available anti-obesity agents

Obtaining superior high-density fused-ring energetic materials via the introduction of carbonyl, o-NH2-NO2 and nitroamino groups

Two carbonyl and o-NH2-NO2-containing energetic materials and their analogues were effectively designed, synthesized and fully characterized with multinuclear NMR, IR and elemental analyses. Their structures were also further confirmed via X-ray diffraction. Among them, compound 7 exhibits good potential for application as a secondary explosive with extremely high density (2.04 g cm-3), good sensitivity (IS > 40 J, FS > 360 N), and excellent calculated detonation performance (Dv = 8943 m s-1, P = 35.0 GPa). Furthermore, a detailed comparative study based on X-ray diffraction, Hirshfeld surfaces and 2D fingerprint plots among compounds 4, 7 and 9 has demonstrated that the density and detonation performance could be effectively improved via introducing a carbonyl group into fused-ring compounds. More importantly, the sensitivity of the resulting energetic materials did not deteriorate. Obviously, this strategy via introducing carbonyl, o-NH2-NO2 and nitroamino groups into fused-ring energetic compounds will help in the design of next-generation high-energy and insensitive fused-ring energetic materials.

Synthesis of novel pancreatic lipase inhibitors: Biological investigation and in silico studies

The targeted compounds which are Schiff base derivatives were prepared by reaction of 6-(4-phenyl-piperazin-1-yl)pyridine-3-ylamine with 2-hydroxy and 2,6-dichloro benzaldehyde. These compounds were isolated, purified and then spectrally characterized via FT-IR, ¹H and ¹³C NMR, LC MS TOF, and TGA analysis where strong proofs confirmed the formation of the targeted product. The biological activity, which is pancreatic porcine lipase inhibition, of the compounds was investigated and Orlistat was used as standard drug. The compound 3 was found to be as potent as orlistat against PL enzyme with an IC₅₀ value of 0.50 μM. The molecular docking studies were performed for both obtained compounds and orlistat against active side of porcine pancreatic lipase. Also, MM/PBSA binding free energy and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation analyzes were performed for pancreatic porcine lipase with compound 3, which showed potent inhibition according to the results of in vitro studies. Furthermore, The ADME and toxicity analysis of the compounds were examined using web-based online platforms, SwissADME and pkCSM. In the light of biological activity and in silico studies, the compound 3 can be a potential drug candidate with further studies.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.

A Review Exploring Therapeutic Worth of 1,3,4-Oxadiazole Tailored Compounds

1,3,4-Oxadiazole, a five-membered aromatic ring can be seen in a number of synthetic molecules. The peculiar structural feature of 1,3,4-oxadiazole ring with pyridine type of nitrogen atom is beneficial for 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives to have effective binding with different enzymes and receptors in biological systems through numerous weak interactions, thereby eliciting an array of bioactivities. Research in the area of development of 1,3,4-oxadiazole-based derivatives has become an interesting topic for the scientists. A number of 1,3,4-oxadiazole based compounds with high therapeutic potency are being extensively used for the treatment of different ailments, contributing to enormous development value. This work provides a systematic and comprehensive review highlighting current developments of 1,3,4-oxadiazole based compounds in the entire range of medicinal chemistry such as anticancer, antifungal, antibacterial, antitubercular, anti-inflammatory, antineuropathic, antihypertensive, antihistaminic, antiparasitic, antiobesity, antiviral, and other medicinal agents. It is believed that this review will be of great help for new thoughts in the pursuit for rational designs for the development of more active and less toxic 1,3,4-oxadiazole based medicinal agents.

Structure-Based Optimization and Biological Evaluation of Pancreatic Lipase Inhibitors as Novel Potential Antiobesity Agents

The unusual fused β-lactone vibralactone was isolated from cultures of the basidiomycete Boreostereum vibrans and has been shown to significantly inhibit pancreatic lipase. In this study, a structure-based lead optimization of vibralactone resulted in three series of 104 analogs, among which compound C1 exhibited the most potent inhibition of pancreatic lipase, with an IC50 value of 14 nM. This activity is more than 3000-fold higher than that of vibralactone. The effect of compound C1 on obesity was investigated using high-fat diet (HFD)-induced C57BL/6 J obese mice. Treatment with compound C1 at a dose of 100 mg/kg significantly decreased HFD-induced obesity, primarily through the improvement of metabolic parameters, such as triglyceride levels.