1
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Prabhakar PK, Batiha GES. Potential Therapeutic Targets for the Management of Diabetes Mellitus Type 2. Curr Med Chem 2024; 31:3167-3181. [PMID: 37125833 DOI: 10.2174/0929867330666230501172557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes is one of the lifelong chronic metabolic diseases which is prevalent globally. There is a continuous rise in the number of people suffering from this disease with time. It is characterized by hyperglycemia, which leads to severe damage to the body's system, such as blood vessels and nerves. Diabetes occurs due to the dysfunction of pancreatic β -cell which leads to the reduction in the production of insulin or body cells unable to use insulin produce efficiently. As per the data shared International diabetes federation (IDF), there are around 415 million affected by this disease worldwide. There are a number of hit targets available that can be focused on treating diabetes. There are many drugs available and still under development for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Inhibition of gluconeogenesis, lipolysis, fatty acid oxidation, and glucokinase activator is emerging targets for type 2 diabetes treatment. Diabetes management can be supplemented with drug intervention for obesity. The antidiabetic drug sale is the second-largest in the world, trailing only that of cancer. The future of managing diabetes will be guided by research on various novel targets and the development of various therapeutic leads, such as GLP-1 agonists, DPP-IV inhibitors, and SGLT2 inhibitors that have recently completed their different phases of clinical trials. Among these therapeutic targets associated with type 2 diabetes, this review focused on some common therapeutic targets for developing novel drug candidates of the newer generation with better safety and efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranav Kumar Prabhakar
- Division of Research and Development, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara (Punjab) 144411, India
| | - Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, AlBeheira, Egypt
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2
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Singh I, Srivastava R, Shukla VK, Pathak SK, Burman T, Al-Mutairi AA, El-Emam AA, Prasad O, Sinha L. Spectroscopic, electronic structure, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics simulation study of 7-Trifluoromethyl-1H-indole-2-carboxylic acid as an aromatase inhibitor. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 280:121530. [PMID: 35752037 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.121530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
The present work encompasses a combined experimental and theoretical investigation of the molecular structure, vibrational wavenumbers, electronic structure at the ground and electronic excited states, molecular electrostatic potential surface of 7-(Trifluoromethyl)-1H-indole-2-carboxylic acid (TICA) and possibility of the title molecule as an aromatase inhibitor using molecular docking and molecular dynamic simulations. A stable conformer has been obtained using potential energy scans by varying appropriate dihedral angles. The obtained minimum energy conformer was further optimized at the 6-311++G (d, p) basis set by applying the most accepted B3LYP functional. A good agreement between experimental and calculated normal modes of vibration has been observed. The hydrogen-bonded interaction between two monomeric units of TICA has been investigated using NBO,QTAIM, and NCI (noncovalent interactions) analysis. Molecular docking of TICA with human placental aromatase (PDB ID: 3S79) reveals the formation of polar hydrogen bonds as well as hydrophobic interactions between the ligand and the protein, right in the binding cavity. TICA satisfies all pharmacokinetic filters (Lipinski rule of five, the Veber rule, Ghose rule, Egan rule, as well as the Muegge rule) and has a high bioavailability score of 0.85. Dynamic stability of the ligand within the binding pocket of the target protein has been confirmed by 100 ns molecular dynamics simulation results. The present study provides an excellent starting point for additional in vivo research, and TICA may eventually serve as a significant therapeutic candidate for the treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isha Singh
- Department of Physics, University of Lucknow, 226007 Lucknow, India
| | - Ruchi Srivastava
- Department of Physics, University of Lucknow, 226007 Lucknow, India
| | - Vikas K Shukla
- Department of Physics, Maharishi University of Information Technology Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shilendra K Pathak
- Department of Physics, M. M. M. P. G. College, Bhatpar Rani, Deoria, India
| | | | - Aamal A Al-Mutairi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Imam Mohammad lbn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali A El-Emam
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Onkar Prasad
- Department of Physics, University of Lucknow, 226007 Lucknow, India
| | - Leena Sinha
- Department of Physics, University of Lucknow, 226007 Lucknow, India.
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3
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Zhao Y, Yang H, Wu F, Luo X, Sun Q, Feng W, Ju X, Liu G. Exploration of N-Arylsulfonyl-indole-2-carboxamide Derivatives as Novel Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase Inhibitors by Molecular Simulation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810259. [PMID: 36142164 PMCID: PMC9499002 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of N-arylsulfonyl-indole-2-carboxamide derivatives have been identified as potent fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (FBPase) inhibitors (FBPIs) with excellent selectivity for the potential therapy of type II diabetes mellitus. To explore the structure–activity relationships (SARs) and the mechanisms of action of these FBPIs, a systematic computational study was performed in the present study, including three-dimensional quantitative structure–activity relationship (3D-QSAR) modeling, pharmacophore modeling, molecular dynamics (MD), and virtual screening. The constructed 3D-QSAR models exhibited good predictive ability with reasonable parameters using comparative molecular field analysis (q2 = 0.709, R2 = 0.979, rpre2 = 0.932) and comparative molecular similarity indices analysis (q2 = 0.716, R2 = 0.978, rpre2 = 0.890). Twelve hit compounds were obtained by virtual screening using the best pharmacophore model in combination with molecular dockings. Three compounds with relatively higher docking scores and better ADME properties were then selected for further studies by docking and MD analyses. The docking results revealed that the amino acid residues Met18, Gly21, Gly26, Leu30, and Thr31 at the binding site were of great importance for the effective bindings of these FBPIs. The MD results indicated that the screened compounds VS01 and VS02 could bind with FBPase stably as its cognate ligand in dynamic conditions. This work identified several potential FBPIs by modeling studies and might provide important insights into developing novel FBPIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilan Zhao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemical Technology, Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Honghao Yang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemical Technology, Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Fengshou Wu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemical Technology, Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Xiaogang Luo
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemical Technology, Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Key Laboratory of Novel Biomass-Based Environmental and Energy Materials in Petroleum and Chemical Industry, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Qi Sun
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemical Technology, Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
- Key Laboratory of Novel Biomass-Based Environmental and Energy Materials in Petroleum and Chemical Industry, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Weiliang Feng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemical Technology, Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
- Correspondence: (W.F.); (G.L.)
| | - Xiulian Ju
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemical Technology, Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Genyan Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemical Technology, Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
- Key Laboratory of Novel Biomass-Based Environmental and Energy Materials in Petroleum and Chemical Industry, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
- Correspondence: (W.F.); (G.L.)
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4
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Hu W, Yan G, Ding Q, Cai J, Zhang Z, Zhao Z, Lei H, Zhu YZ. Update of Indoles: Promising molecules for ameliorating metabolic diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 150:112957. [PMID: 35462330 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and metabolic disorders have gradually become public health-threatening problems. The metabolic disorder is a cluster of complex metabolic abnormalities which are featured by dysfunction in glucose and lipid metabolism, and results from the increasing prevalence of visceral obesity. With the core driving factor of insulin resistance, metabolic disorder mainly includes type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), micro and macro-vascular diseases, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), dyslipidemia, and the dysfunction of gut microbiota. Strategies and therapeutic attention are demanded to decrease the high risk of metabolic diseases, from lifestyle changes to drug treatment, especially herbal medicines. Indole is a parent substance of numerous bioactive compounds, and itself can be produced by tryptophan catabolism to stimulate glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) secretion and inhibit the development of obesity. In addition, in heterocycles drug discovery, the indole scaffold is primarily found in natural compounds with versatile biological activity and plays a prominent role in drug molecules synthesis. In recent decades, plenty of natural or synthesized indole deriviatives have been investigated and elucidated to exert effects on regulating glucose hemeostasis and lipd metabolism. The aim of this review is to trace and emphasize the compounds containing indole scaffold that possess immense potency on preventing metabolic disorders, particularly T2DM, obesity and NAFLD, along with the underlying molecular mechanisms, therefore facilitate a better comprehension of their druggability and application in metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Chinese Medicine and School of Pharmacy, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Guanyu Yan
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qian Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Chinese Medicine and School of Pharmacy, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Jianghong Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Chinese Medicine and School of Pharmacy, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Zhongyi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Chinese Medicine and School of Pharmacy, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Ziming Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Chinese Medicine and School of Pharmacy, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Heping Lei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yi Zhun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Chinese Medicine and School of Pharmacy, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bioactive Small Molecules, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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5
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Wang X, Zhao R, Ji W, Zhou J, Liu Q, Zhao L, Shen Z, Liu S, Xu B. Discovery of Novel Indole Derivatives as Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase Inhibitors and X-ray Cocrystal Structures Analysis. ACS Med Chem Lett 2021; 13:118-127. [PMID: 35059131 PMCID: PMC8762752 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.1c00613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (FBPase) is a key enzyme in the gluconeogenesis, and its inhibitors are expected to be novel antidiabetic agents. Herein, a series of new indole and benzofuran analogues were designed and synthesized to evaluate the inhibitory activity against FBPase. As a result, the novel FBPase inhibitors bearing N-acylsulfonamide moiety on the 3-position of the indole-2-carboxylic acid scaffold (compounds 22f and 22g) were identified with IC50s at the submicromolar levels. Three X-ray crystal structures of the complexes were solved and revealed the structural basis for the inhibitory activity. The chemoinformatics analysis further disclosed the distinct binding features of this class of inhibitors, providing an insight for further modifications to create structurally distinct FBPase inhibitors with high potency and drug-like properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Wang
- Beijing
Key Laboratory of Active Substances Discovery and Druggability Evaluation,
Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy
of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Rui Zhao
- Beijing
Key Laboratory of Active Substances Discovery and Druggability Evaluation,
Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy
of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China,School
of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang
Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 100016, China
| | - Wenming Ji
- State
Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines,
Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy
of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China,Diabetes
Research Center, Chinese Academy of Medical
Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Beijing
Key Laboratory of Active Substances Discovery and Druggability Evaluation,
Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy
of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Quan Liu
- State
Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines,
Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy
of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China,Diabetes
Research Center, Chinese Academy of Medical
Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Linxiang Zhao
- School
of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang
Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 100016, China
| | - Zhufang Shen
- State
Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines,
Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy
of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China,Diabetes
Research Center, Chinese Academy of Medical
Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Shuainan Liu
- State
Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines,
Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy
of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China,Diabetes
Research Center, Chinese Academy of Medical
Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China,S.L. email,
| | - Bailing Xu
- Beijing
Key Laboratory of Active Substances Discovery and Druggability Evaluation,
Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy
of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China,B.X.: email,
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6
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Han X, Huang Y, Wei L, Chen H, Guo Y, Tang Z, Hu W, Xia Q, Wang Q, Yan J, Ren Y. Biological evaluation and SAR analysis of novel covalent inhibitors against fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase. Bioorg Med Chem 2020; 28:115624. [PMID: 32828433 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2020.115624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (FBPase) is an attractive target for affecting the GNG pathway. In our previous study, the C128 site of FBPase has been identified as a new allosteric site, where several nitrovinyl compounds can bind to inhibit FBPase activity. Herein, a series of nitrostyrene derivatives were further synthesized, and their inhibitory activities against FBPase were investigated in vitro. Most of the prepared nitrostyrene compounds exhibit potent FBPase inhibition (IC50 < 10 μM). Specifically, when the substituents of F, Cl, OCH3, CF3, OH, COOH, or 2-nitrovinyl were installed at the R2 (meta-) position of the benzene ring, the FBPase inhibitory activities of the resulting compounds increased 4.5-55 folds compared to those compounds with the same groups at the R1 (para-) position. In addition, the preferred substituents at the R3 position were Cl or Br, thus compound HS36 exhibited the most potent inhibitory activity (IC50 = 0.15 μM). The molecular docking and site-directed mutation suggest that C128 and N125 are essential for the binding of HS36 and FBPase, which is consistent with the C128-N125-S123 allosteric inhibition mechanism. The reaction enthalpy calculations show that the order of the reactions of compounds with thiol groups at the R3 position is Cl > H > CH3. CoMSIA analysis is consistent with our proposed binding mode. The effect of compounds HS12 and HS36 on glucose production in primary mouse hepatocytes were further evaluated, showing that the inhibition was 71% and 41% at 100 μM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinya Han
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan 243002, China
| | - Yunyuan Huang
- International Cooperation Base of Pesticide and Green Synthesis (Hubei), Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology (CCNU), Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Lin Wei
- International Cooperation Base of Pesticide and Green Synthesis (Hubei), Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology (CCNU), Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Haifeng Chen
- Ocean College, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou 535011, China
| | - Yanrong Guo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan 243002, China
| | - Zilong Tang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry and Molecular Simulation of Ministry of Education, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China
| | - Wei Hu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan 243002, China
| | - Qinfei Xia
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan 243002, China
| | - Qi Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan 243002, China
| | - Jufen Yan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan 243002, China.
| | - Yanliang Ren
- International Cooperation Base of Pesticide and Green Synthesis (Hubei), Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology (CCNU), Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China.
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7
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Zhou J, Bie J, Wang X, Liu Q, Li R, Chen H, Hu J, Cao H, Ji W, Li Y, Liu S, Shen Z, Xu B. Discovery of N-Arylsulfonyl-Indole-2-Carboxamide Derivatives as Potent, Selective, and Orally Bioavailable Fructose-1,6-Bisphosphatase Inhibitors—Design, Synthesis, In Vivo Glucose Lowering Effects, and X-ray Crystal Complex Analysis. J Med Chem 2020; 63:10307-10329. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substances Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jianbo Bie
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substances Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substances Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Quan Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Rongcui Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Hualong Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substances Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jinping Hu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Non-Clinical Drug Metabolism and PK/PD Study, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Hui Cao
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Wenming Ji
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yan Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Non-Clinical Drug Metabolism and PK/PD Study, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Shuainan Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Zhufang Shen
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Bailing Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substances Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
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8
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Singh M, Ilic S, Tam B, Ben‐Ishay Y, Sherf D, Pappo D, Akabayov B. Dual‐Acting Small‐Molecule Inhibitors Targeting Mycobacterial DNA Replication. Chemistry 2020; 26:10849-10860. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202001725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Meenakshi Singh
- Department of Chemistry Ben-Gurion University of the Negev 1 Ben-Gurion Blvd. Be'er-Sheva 8410501 Israel
| | - Stefan Ilic
- Department of Chemistry Ben-Gurion University of the Negev 1 Ben-Gurion Blvd. Be'er-Sheva 8410501 Israel
| | - Benjamin Tam
- Department of Chemistry Ben-Gurion University of the Negev 1 Ben-Gurion Blvd. Be'er-Sheva 8410501 Israel
| | - Yesmin Ben‐Ishay
- Department of Chemistry Ben-Gurion University of the Negev 1 Ben-Gurion Blvd. Be'er-Sheva 8410501 Israel
| | - Dror Sherf
- Department of Chemistry Ben-Gurion University of the Negev 1 Ben-Gurion Blvd. Be'er-Sheva 8410501 Israel
| | - Doron Pappo
- Department of Chemistry Ben-Gurion University of the Negev 1 Ben-Gurion Blvd. Be'er-Sheva 8410501 Israel
| | - Barak Akabayov
- Department of Chemistry Ben-Gurion University of the Negev 1 Ben-Gurion Blvd. Be'er-Sheva 8410501 Israel
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9
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Xu YX, Huang YY, Song RR, Ren YL, Chen X, Zhang C, Mao F, Li XK, Zhu J, Ni SS, Wan J, Li J. Development of disulfide-derived fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (FBPase) covalent inhibitors for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 203:112500. [PMID: 32711108 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (FBPase), as a key rate-limiting enzyme in the gluconeogenesis (GNG) pathway, represents a practical therapeutic strategy for type 2 diabetes (T2D). Our previous work first identified cysteine residue 128 (C128) was an important allosteric site in the structure of FBPase, while pharmacologically targeting C128 attenuated the catalytic ability of FBPase. Herein, ten approved cysteine covalent drugs were selected for exploring FBPase inhibitory activities, and the alcohol deterrent disulfiram displayed superior inhibitory efficacy among those drugs. Based on the structure of lead compound disulfiram, 58 disulfide-derived compounds were designed and synthesized for investigating FBPase inhibitory activities. Optimal compound 3a exhibited significant FBPase inhibition and glucose-lowering efficacy in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, 3a covalently modified the C128 site, and then regulated the N125-S124-S123 allosteric pathway of FBPase in mechanism. In summary, 3a has the potential to be a novel FBPase inhibitor for T2D therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Xiang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei Long Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Yun-Yuan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei Long Road, Shanghai, 200237, China; Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology (CCNU), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Rong-Rong Song
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology (CCNU), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Yan-Liang Ren
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology (CCNU), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Xin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei Long Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei Long Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Fei Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei Long Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Xiao-Kang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei Long Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Jin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei Long Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Shuai-Shuai Ni
- Cancer Institute, Longhua Hospital Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 725 South Wan Ping Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Jian Wan
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology (CCNU), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China.
| | - Jian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei Long Road, Shanghai, 200237, China.
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10
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Proença C, Oliveira A, Freitas M, Ribeiro D, Sousa JLC, Ramos MJ, Silva AMS, Fernandes PA, Fernandes E. Structural Specificity of Flavonoids in the Inhibition of Human Fructose 1,6-Bisphosphatase. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2020; 83:1541-1552. [PMID: 32364726 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.0c00014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Liver fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase (FBPase) is a recognized regulatory enzyme of the gluconeogenesis pathway, which has emerged as a valid target to control gluconeogenesis-mediated overproduction of glucose. As such, the management of diabetes with FBPase inhibitors represents a potential alternative for the currently used antidiabetic agents. In this study, the FBPase inhibition of a panel of 55 structurally related flavonoids was tested, through a microanalysis screening system. Then, a subset of seven active inhibitors and their close chemical relatives were further evaluated by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations using a linear interaction energy (LIE) approach. The results obtained showed that D14 (herbacetin) was the most potent inhibitor, suggesting that the presence of -OH groups at the C-3, C-4', C-5, C-7, and C-8 positions, as well as the double bond between C-2 and C-3 and the 4-oxo function at the pyrone ring, are favorable for the intended effect. Furthermore, D14 (herbacetin) is stabilized by a strong interaction with the Glu30 side chain and the Thr24 backbone of FBPase. This is the first investigation studying the in vitro inhibitory effect of a panel of flavonoids against human liver FBPase, thus representing a potentially important step for the search and design of novel inhibitors of this enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Proença
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Oliveira
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Marisa Freitas
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Daniela Ribeiro
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana L C Sousa
- LAQV-REQUIMTE & QOPNA, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Maria J Ramos
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Artur M S Silva
- LAQV-REQUIMTE & QOPNA, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Pedro A Fernandes
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Eduarda Fernandes
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
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11
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Huang Y, Xu Y, Song R, Ni S, Liu J, Xu Y, Ren Y, Rao L, Wang Y, Wei L, Feng L, Su C, Peng C, Li J, Wan J. Identification of the New Covalent Allosteric Binding Site of Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase with Disulfiram Derivatives toward Glucose Reduction. J Med Chem 2020; 63:6238-6247. [PMID: 32375478 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase (FBPase) has attracted substantial interest as a target associated with cancer and type 2 diabetes. Herein, we found that disulfiram and its derivatives can potently inhibit FBPase by covalently binding to a new C128 allosteric site distinct from the original C128 site in APO FBPase. Further identification of the allosteric inhibition mechanism reveals that the covalent binding of a fragment of 214 will result in the movement of C128 and the dissociation of helix H4 (123-128), which in turn allows S123 to more easily form new hydrogen bonds with K71 and D74 in helix H3 (69-72), thereby inhibiting FBPase activity. Notably, both disulfiram and 212 might moderately reduce blood glucose output in vivo. Therefore, our current findings not only identify a new covalent allosteric site of FBPase but also establish a structural foundation and provide a promising way for the design of covalent allosteric drugs for glucose reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyuan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology (CCNU), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Yixiang Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Rongrong Song
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology (CCNU), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Shuaishuai Ni
- Cancer Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jiaqi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology (CCNU), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Yanhong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology (CCNU), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Yanliang Ren
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology (CCNU), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Li Rao
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology (CCNU), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Yingjie Wang
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Lin Wei
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology (CCNU), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Lingling Feng
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology (CCNU), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Chen Su
- National Facility for Protein Science in Shanghai, Zhangjiang Lab, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Chao Peng
- National Facility for Protein Science in Shanghai, Zhangjiang Lab, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Jian Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jian Wan
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology (CCNU), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
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12
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Chung IM, Rajakumar G, Subramanian U, Venkidasamy B, Khanna VG, Thiruvengadam M. Insights on the current status and advancement of diabetes mellitus type 2 and to avert complications: An overview. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2020; 67:920-928. [PMID: 31736194 DOI: 10.1002/bab.1853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is an endocrine metabolic disorder, occurring worldwide due to aging, advancement in lifestyle by modernization. T2DM is characterized by higher levels of glucose in the blood due to unresponsive secretion of pancreatic insulin and insulin activity or altogether. T2DM is regarded as a powerful genetic susceptible disease that leads to high risk with insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction. To manage and overcome type 2 diabetes, physical activity, diet strategies, and other therapeutic medications along with usage of antiglycemic agents are developed and attempted appropriately. In the present review, attention has been focused on the understanding of T2DM outcomes, complications with possible management strategies, and pathophysiology of T2DM. Further, a detailed note on antiglycemic agents in use and other possible drugs of choice was discussed in the light of current preventive strategies are presented in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ill-Min Chung
- Department of Crop Science, College of Sanghuh Life Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Govindasamy Rajakumar
- Department of Crop Science, College of Sanghuh Life Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Umadevi Subramanian
- Translational Research Platform for Veterinary Biologicals, Central University Laboratory Building, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (TANUVAS), Madhavaram Milk Colony, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Baskar Venkidasamy
- Department of Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Venkatesan Gopiesh Khanna
- Department of Biotechnology, Vels Institute of Science, Technology & Advanced Studies (VISTAS), Pallavaram, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Muthu Thiruvengadam
- Department of Crop Science, College of Sanghuh Life Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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13
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Singh S, Harmalkar DS, Choi Y, Lee K. Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase Inhibitors: A Review of Recent (2000- 2017) Advances and Structure-Activity Relationship Studies. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:5542-5563. [DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666180831133734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
:
Diabetes mellitus, commonly referred to as diabetes, is the 8th leading cause of
death worldwide. As of 2015, approximately 415 million people were estimated to be diabetic
worldwide, type 2 diabetes being the most common accounting for approximately 90-95% of
all diagnosed cases with increasing prevalence. Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase is one of the important
therapeutic targets recently discovered to treat this chronic disease. In this focused
review, we have highlighted recent advances and structure-activity relationship studies in the
discovery and development of different fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase inhibitors reported since
the year 2000.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarbjit Singh
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang, 10326, Korea
| | | | - Yongseok Choi
- College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Kyeong Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang, 10326, Korea
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14
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Chauhan S, Kumar P, Kumar A. Development of prediction model for fructose- 1,6- bisphosphatase inhibitors using the Monte Carlo method. SAR AND QSAR IN ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 30:145-159. [PMID: 30777782 DOI: 10.1080/1062936x.2019.1568299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (FBPase) is an enzyme important for regulation of gluconeogenesis, which is a major process in the liver responsible for glucose production. Inhibition of FBPase enzyme causing blockage of the gluconeogenesis process represents a newer scheme in the progress of anti-diabetic drugs. The current research describes the development of hybrid optimal descriptors-based quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) models intended for a set of 62 FBPase inhibitors with the Monte Carlo method. The molecular structures were expressed by the simplified molecular input line entry system (SMILES) notation. Three splits were prepared by random division of the molecules into training set, calibration set and validation set. Statistical parameters obtained from QSAR modelling were good for various designed splits. The best QSAR model showed the following parameters: the values of r2 for calibration set and validation set of the best model were 0.6837 and 0.8623 and of Q2 were 0.6114 and 0.8036, respectively. Based on the results obtained for correlation weights, different structural attributes were described as promoter of the endpoint. Further, these structural attributes were used in designing of new FBPase inhibitors and a molecular docking study was completed for the determination of interactions of the designed molecules with the enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Chauhan
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology , Hisar , India
| | - P Kumar
- b Department of Chemistry , Kurukshetra University , Kurukshetra , India
| | - A Kumar
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology , Hisar , India
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15
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Huang Y, Chi B, Xu Y, Song R, Wei L, Rao L, Feng L, Ren Y, Wan J. In silico screening of a novel scaffold for fructose-1,6-bisphosatase (FBPase) inhibitors. J Mol Graph Model 2018; 86:142-148. [PMID: 30366190 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2018.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Fructose-1, 6-bisphosphatase (FBPase) has been regarded as an attractive drug target to control blood glucose against Type 2 diabetes (T2D). In this study, by using the strategy of pharmacophore-based virtual screening, a novel scaffold inhibitor targeted the AMP allosteric site of human liver FBPase were screened, their inhibitory activities were further tested. The experimental results showed that compound H27 exhibited high inhibitory activities with the IC50 value of 5.3 μM. Therefore, compound H27 was chosen as the probe molecule, it's possible binding conformation targeted into FBPase was identified by using DOX2.0 strategy. The importance of key residues (T27, T31, K112 and R140) in allosteric site of FBPase for the binding inhibitors were validated by mutation experiments. The agreement between theory and experiment suggest that the interactional information of FBPase and inhibitors (H27) were reliable. On basis of these rational interactional information, the compound H29 was further designed to exhibit more potential FBPase inhibition (IC50 = 2.5 μM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyuan Huang
- International Cooperation Base of Pesticide and Green Synthesis (Hubei), Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology (CCNU), Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Bo Chi
- International Cooperation Base of Pesticide and Green Synthesis (Hubei), Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology (CCNU), Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Yanhong Xu
- International Cooperation Base of Pesticide and Green Synthesis (Hubei), Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology (CCNU), Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Rongrong Song
- International Cooperation Base of Pesticide and Green Synthesis (Hubei), Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology (CCNU), Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Lin Wei
- International Cooperation Base of Pesticide and Green Synthesis (Hubei), Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology (CCNU), Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Li Rao
- International Cooperation Base of Pesticide and Green Synthesis (Hubei), Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology (CCNU), Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Lingling Feng
- International Cooperation Base of Pesticide and Green Synthesis (Hubei), Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology (CCNU), Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Yanliang Ren
- International Cooperation Base of Pesticide and Green Synthesis (Hubei), Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology (CCNU), Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China.
| | - Jian Wan
- International Cooperation Base of Pesticide and Green Synthesis (Hubei), Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology (CCNU), Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China.
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16
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Kerru N, Singh-Pillay A, Awolade P, Singh P. Current anti-diabetic agents and their molecular targets: A review. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 152:436-488. [PMID: 29751237 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.04.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a medical condition characterized by the body's loss of control over blood sugar. The frequency of diagnosed cases and consequential increases in medical costs makes it a rapidly growing chronic disease that threatens human health worldwide. In addition, its unnerving statistical projections are perilous to both the economy of the nation and man's life expectancy. Type-I and type-II diabetes are the two clinical forms of diabetes mellitus. Type-II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is illustrated by the abnormality of glucose homeostasis in the body, resulting in hyperglycemia. Although significant research attention has been devoted to the development of diabetes regimens, which demonstrates success in lowering blood glucose levels, their efficacies are unsustainable due to undesirable side effects such as weight gain and hypoglycemia. Over the years, heterocyclic scaffolds have been the basis of anti-diabetic chemotherapies; hence, in this review we consolidate the use of bioactive scaffolds, which have been evaluated for their biological response as inhibitors against their respective anti-diabetic molecular targets over the past five years (2012-2017). Our investigation reveals a diverse target set which includes; protein tyrosine phosphatase 1 B (PTP1B), dipeptidly peptidase-4 (DPP-4), free fatty acid receptors 1 (FFAR1), G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR), peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-γ (PPARγ), sodium glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT2), α-glucosidase, aldose reductase, glycogen phosphorylase (GP), fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (FBPase), glucagon receptor (GCGr) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK). This review offers a medium on which future drug design and development toward diabetes management may be modelled (i.e. optimization via structural derivatization), as many of the drug candidates highlighted show promise as an effective anti-diabetic chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagaraju Kerru
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, P/Bag X54001, Westville, Durban, South Africa
| | - Ashona Singh-Pillay
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, P/Bag X54001, Westville, Durban, South Africa.
| | - Paul Awolade
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, P/Bag X54001, Westville, Durban, South Africa
| | - Parvesh Singh
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, P/Bag X54001, Westville, Durban, South Africa.
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17
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Wattanavanitchakorn S, Rojvirat P, Chavalit T, MacDonald MJ, Jitrapakdee S. CCAAT-enhancer binding protein-α (C/EBPα) and hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α (HNF4α) regulate expression of the human fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase 1 (FBP1) gene in human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0194252. [PMID: 29566023 PMCID: PMC5863999 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (FBP1) plays an essential role in gluconeogenesis. Here we report that the human FBP1 gene is regulated by two liver-enriched transcription factors, CCAAT-enhancer binding protein-α (C/EBPα) and hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α (HNF4α) in human hepatoma HepG2 cells. C/EBPα regulates transcription of FBP1 gene via binding to the two overlapping C/EBPα sites located at nucleotide -228/-208 while HNF4α regulates FBP1 gene through binding to the classical H4-SBM site and direct repeat 3 (DR3) located at nucleotides -566/-554 and -212/-198, respectively. Mutations of these transcription factor binding sites result in marked decrease of C/EBPα- or HNF4α-mediated transcription activation of FBP1 promoter-luciferase reporter expression. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays of -228/-208 C/EBPα or -566/-554 and -212/-198 HNF4α sites with nuclear extract of HepG2 cells overexpressing C/EBPα or HNF4α confirms binding of these two transcription factors to these sites. Finally, we showed that siRNA-mediated suppression of C/EBPα or HNF4α expression in HepG2 cells lowers expression of FBP1 in parallel with down-regulation of expression of other gluconeogenic enzymes. Our results suggest that an overall gluconeogenic program is regulated by these two transcription factors, enabling transcription to occur in a liver-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pinnara Rojvirat
- Division of Interdisciplinary, Mahidol University, Kanjanaburi, Thailand
| | - Tanit Chavalit
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Michael J. MacDonald
- Childrens Diabetes Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States of America
| | - Sarawut Jitrapakdee
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- * E-mail:
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18
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Kaur R, Dahiya L, Kumar M. Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase inhibitors: A new valid approach for management of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 141:473-505. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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19
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Kordić B, Kovačević M, Sloboda T, Vidović A, Jović B. FT-IR and NIR spectroscopic investigation of hydrogen bonding in indole-ether systems. J Mol Struct 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2017.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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20
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Kuzu B, Menges N. Indole-containing new types of dyes and their UV-vis and NMR spectra and electronic structures: Experimental and theoretical study. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2016; 162:61-68. [PMID: 26985875 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2016.02.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Revised: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Indole containing dyes were synthesized via a simple method with high yield. These molecules have different colors and UV-vis spectra of them were recorded. Impact of solvents on absorbances was investigated and it was observed that basic solvent such as DMF and pyridine have blue shift. TD-DFT calculations were done and results were compared with experimental data. NMR data of molecules were analyzed and tautomeric forms of colorants and their ratio were determined. It was find out that two tautomers might be formed in solution, called indole and indolenine form. HOMO-LUMO and energy gaps were calculated and plotted. Furthermore, molecular electrostatic potentials were simulated to find out electrophilic and nucleophilic regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burak Kuzu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Yüzüncü Yil University, 65100 Van, Turkey
| | - Nurettin Menges
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Yüzüncü Yil University, 65100 Van, Turkey.
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21
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Efficient synthesis of 3,3′-bisindoles catalyzed by Fe3O4@MCM-48-OSO3H magnetic core-shell nanoparticles. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2067(14)60281-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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