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Li W, Zhang Y, Wu Y, Zhu G, Liu X, Song Y, Ma B, Lin S, Ge G, Jiao X, Xie P. New bysspectin A derivatives as potent inhibitors of human carboxylesterase 2A. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 259:115708. [PMID: 37544184 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Human carboxylesterase 2A (hCES2A), the most abundant carboxylesterase in the human gut, plays a crucial role in the metabolic clearance and activation of various ester-bearing drugs, environmental toxins and carcinogens. Inhibition of intestinal hCES2A can alleviate irinotecan-induced gut toxicity and modulate the oral bioavailability of hCES2A-substrate drugs. Bysspectin A, a natural product isolated from the endophytic fungus Byssochlamys spectabilis, has been identified as a highly selective hCES2A inhibitor. Herein, two sets of bysspectin A derivatives have been designed and synthesized, utilizing a Cu-catalyzed domino Sonogashira-cyclization as the key step. Following two rounds of structure activity relationship (SAR) studies and structural optimizations, compound 20w was identified as the most potent hCES2A inhibitor, with an IC50 value of 1.6 nM, an approximately 1000-fold improvement over bysspectin A. Further investigation showed that 20w potently inhibited hCES2A in a mixed inhibition manner, while this agent could also potently inhibit intracellular hCES2A in living cells and exhibited suitable metabolic stability. In summary, our findings demonstrate that a new bysspectin A derivative (20w) is a promising candidate for the development of clinically used hCES2A inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substances Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Ya Zhang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substances Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Guanghao Zhu
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substances Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Yunqing Song
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Bo Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substances Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Sheng Lin
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Guangbo Ge
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Xiaozhen Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substances Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Ping Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substances Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
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2
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Schäfer J, Klösgen VJ, Omer EA, Kadioglu O, Mbaveng AT, Kuete V, Hildebrandt A, Efferth T. In Silico and In Vitro Identification of P-Glycoprotein Inhibitors from a Library of 375 Phytochemicals. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10240. [PMID: 37373385 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer therapy with clinically established anticancer drugs is frequently hampered by the development of drug resistance of tumors and severe side effects in normal organs and tissues. The demand for powerful, but less toxic, drugs is high. Phytochemicals represent an important reservoir for drug development and frequently exert less toxicity than synthetic drugs. Bioinformatics can accelerate and simplify the highly complex, time-consuming, and expensive drug development process. Here, we analyzed 375 phytochemicals using virtual screenings, molecular docking, and in silico toxicity predictions. Based on these in silico studies, six candidate compounds were further investigated in vitro. Resazurin assays were performed to determine the growth-inhibitory effects towards wild-type CCRF-CEM leukemia cells and their multidrug-resistant, P-glycoprotein (P-gp)-overexpressing subline, CEM/ADR5000. Flow cytometry was used to measure the potential to measure P-gp-mediated doxorubicin transport. Bidwillon A, neobavaisoflavone, coptisine, and z-guggulsterone all showed growth-inhibitory effects and moderate P-gp inhibition, whereas miltirone and chamazulene strongly inhibited tumor cell growth and strongly increased intracellular doxorubicin uptake. Bidwillon A and miltirone were selected for molecular docking to wildtype and mutated P-gp forms in closed and open conformations. The P-gp homology models harbored clinically relevant mutations, i.e., six single missense mutations (F336Y, A718C, Q725A, F728A, M949C, Y953C), three double mutations (Y310A-F728A; F343C-V982C; Y953A-F978A), or one quadruple mutation (Y307C-F728A-Y953A-F978A). The mutants did not show major differences in binding energies compared to wildtypes. Closed P-gp forms generally showed higher binding affinities than open ones. Closed conformations might stabilize the binding, thereby leading to higher binding affinities, while open conformations may favor the release of compounds into the extracellular space. In conclusion, this study described the capability of selected phytochemicals to overcome multidrug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Schäfer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Vincent Julius Klösgen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Institute of Bioinformatics, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Ejlal A Omer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Onat Kadioglu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Armelle T Mbaveng
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang P.O. Box 67, Cameroon
| | - Victor Kuete
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang P.O. Box 67, Cameroon
| | - Andreas Hildebrandt
- Institute of Bioinformatics, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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3
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Fulo HF, Rueb NJ, Gaston R, Batsomboon P, Ahmed KT, Barrios AM, Dudley GB. Synthesis of illudalic acid and analogous phosphatase inhibitors. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:10596-10600. [PMID: 34847212 PMCID: PMC8906844 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob02106k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Developing an efficient, concise synthesis of the fungal natural product illudalic acid has been a long-standing challenge, made more pressing by the recent discovery that illudalic acid and analogs are selective phosphatase inhibitors. Syntheses of illudalic acid have become progressively more efficient over the decades yet remain strategically grounded in a 17-step synthesis reported in 1977. Here we validate a two-step process-convergent [4 + 2] benzannulation and one-pot coordinated functional group manipulations-for preparing the key trifunctional pharmacophore of illudalic acid. The modular building blocks are readily available in 2-3 steps, for a longest linear sequence (LLS) of 5 steps to illudalic acid from 3,3-dimethylcyclopentanone. A small collection of analogous indanes and tetralins featuring the same pharmacophore were prepared by a similar route. These compounds potently and selectively inhibit the human leukocyte common antigen-related (LAR) subfamily of protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs). Evidence supporting a postulated covalent ligation mechanism is provided herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harvey F Fulo
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA.
| | - Nicole J Rueb
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84112, USA.
| | - Robert Gaston
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA.
| | - Paratchata Batsomboon
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA.
| | - Kh Tanvir Ahmed
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA.
| | - Amy M Barrios
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84112, USA.
| | - Gregory B Dudley
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA.
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Jia Y, Wang J, Li P, Ma X, Han K. Directionally Modified Fluorophores for Super-Resolution Imaging of Target Enzymes: A Case Study with Carboxylesterases. J Med Chem 2021; 64:16177-16186. [PMID: 34694804 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In the need for improving the labeling quality of super-resolution imaging, multifarious fluorescent labeling strategies have sprang up. Among them, a small molecule inhibitor-probe (SMI-probe) shows its advancement in fine mapping due to its smaller size and its specific binding to a specific site. Herein, we report a novel protocol of mechanism-guided directional modification of fluorophores into fluorescent inhibitors for enzyme targeting, which could half the size of the SMI-probe. To confirm the feasibility of the strategy, carboxylesterase (hCE) inhibitors are designed and developed. Among the constructed molecule candidates, NIC-4 inhibited both isoforms of hCE1 and hCE2, with IC50 values of 4.56 and 4.11 μM. The CE-targeting specificity of NIC-4 was confirmed by colocalizing with an immunofluorescent probe in fixed-cell confocal imaging. Moreover, NIC-4 was used in live-cell super-resolution microscopy, which indicates dotlike structures instead of the larger staining with the immunofluorescent probe. Moreover, it enables the real-time tracking of dynamic flow of carboxylesterases in live cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Dalian 116023, China
| | - Jiayue Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, China.,College of Pharmacy, Academy of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Peng Li
- Institute of Molecular Sciences and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Xiaochi Ma
- College of Pharmacy, Academy of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Keli Han
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Dalian 116023, China.,Institute of Molecular Sciences and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
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Lai Z, He J, Zhou C, Zhao H, Cui S. Tanshinones: An Update in the Medicinal Chemistry in Recent 5 Years. Curr Med Chem 2021; 28:2807-2827. [PMID: 32436817 DOI: 10.2174/0929867327666200521124850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Tanshinones are an important type of natural products isolated from Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge with various bioactivities. Tanshinone IIa, cryptotanshinone and tanshinone I are three kinds of tanshinones which have been widely investigated. Particularly, sodium tanshinone IIa sulfonate is a water-soluble derivative of tanshinone IIa and it is used in clinical in China for treating cardiovascular diseases. In recent years, there are increasing interests in the investigation of tanshinones derivatives in various diseases. This article presents a review of the anti-atherosclerotic effects, cardioprotective effects, anticancer activities, antibacterial activities and antiviral activities of tanshinones and structural modification work in recent years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhencheng Lai
- Institute of Drug Discovery and Design, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jixiao He
- Institute of Drug Discovery and Design, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Changxin Zhou
- Institute of Modern Chinese Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huajun Zhao
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sunliang Cui
- Institute of Drug Discovery and Design, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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6
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Nechaev AA, Jagtap PR, BaŽíková E, Neumannová J, Císařová I, Matoušová E. Synthesis of fused 1,2-naphthoquinones with cytotoxic activity using a one-pot three-step reaction. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:3434-3440. [PMID: 33899892 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob00205h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
A method for the synthesis of fused 1,2-naphthoquinones, as analogues of biologically active natural terpene quinones, is described. The intermediate polycyclic naphthalenes were prepared by a one-pot palladium-catalysed process from simple alkynes, one of which was made from an optically pure biomass-derived levoglucosenone. The prepared methoxy-substituted naphthalenes were subsequently transformed in one step to 1,2-naphthoquinones by a trivalent-iodine-mediated oxidation. The naphthoquinone products were found to have cytotoxic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton A Nechaev
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 8, 128 00 Praha 2, Czech Republic.
| | - Pratap R Jagtap
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 8, 128 00 Praha 2, Czech Republic.
| | - Ema BaŽíková
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 8, 128 00 Praha 2, Czech Republic.
| | - Johana Neumannová
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 8, 128 00 Praha 2, Czech Republic.
| | - Ivana Císařová
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 8, 128 00 Praha 2, Czech Republic
| | - Eliška Matoušová
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 8, 128 00 Praha 2, Czech Republic.
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7
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Huo PC, Guan XQ, Liu P, Song YQ, Sun MR, He RJ, Zou LW, Xue LJ, Shi JH, Zhang N, Liu ZG, Ge GB. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of indanone-chalcone hybrids as potent and selective hCES2A inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 209:112856. [PMID: 33007602 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Human carboxylesterase 2 (hCES2A), one of the major serine hydrolases distributed in the small intestine, plays a crucial role in hydrolysis of ester-bearing drugs. Accumulating evidence has indicated that hCES2A inhibitor therapy can modulate the pharmacokinetic and toxicological profiles of some important hCES2A-substrate drugs, such as the anticancer agent CPT-11. Herein, a series of indanone-chalcone hybrids are designed and synthesized to find potent and highly selective hCES2A inhibitors. Inhibition assays demonstrated that most indanone-chalcone hybrids displayed strong to moderate hCES2A inhibition activities. Structure-hCES2A inhibition activity relationship studies showed that introduction of a hydroxyl at the C4' site and introduction of an N-alkyl group at the C6 site were beneficial for hCES2A inhibition. Particularly, B7 (an N-alkylated 1-indanone-chalcone hybrid) exhibited the most potent inhibition on hCES2A and excellent specificity (this agent could not inhibit other human esterases including hCES1A and butyrylcholinesterase). Inhibition kinetic analyses demonstrated that B7 potently inhibited hCES2A-mediated FD hydrolysis in a mixed inhibition manner, with a calculated Ki value of 0.068 μM. Furthermore, B7 was capable of inhibiting intracellular hCES2A in living cells and displayed good metabolic stability. Collectively, our findings show that indanone-chalcone hybrids are good choices for the development of hCES2A inhibitors, while B7 is a promising candidate for the development of novel anti-diarrhea agents to ameliorate irinotecan-induced intestinal toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Chao Huo
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Xiao-Qing Guan
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Liu
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yun-Qing Song
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Meng-Ru Sun
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Rong-Jing He
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Wei Zou
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Juan Xue
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin-Hui Shi
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
| | - Zhi-Guo Liu
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Guang-Bo Ge
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Chandra A, Jana K, Moorthy JN. One-Pot Synthesis of 4-Carboalkoxy-Substituted Benzo[ h]coumarins from α- and β-Naphthols and Their Excited-State Properties. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:207-218. [PMID: 31956767 PMCID: PMC6963932 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b02489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
One-pot synthesis has been developed for 4-carboethoxybenzo[h]coumarins starting from α-/β-naphthols. Accordingly, diverse 4-carboethoxybenzocoumarins can be synthesized in moderate-to-excellent (31-75%) isolated yields. The synthesis involves initial oxidation of naphthols to the intermediary 1,2-naphthoquinones with 2-iodoxybenzoic acid followed by a cascade of reactions, namely, Wittig olefination, Michael addition, β-elimination, and cyclization. Furthermore, we have comprehensively investigated the excited-state properties of differently substituted 4-carboalkoxybenzo[h]coumarins. It is shown that they exhibit low to high fluorescence quantum yields (1-36%) and excited-state lifetimes (ca. 1-7 ns) depending on the substitution pattern and solvent employed.
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Debnath P. Recent Advances in the Hofmann Rearrangement and Its Application to Natural Product Synthesis. CURR ORG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1385272823666191021115508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
:
C-N bond formation reactions are the most important transformations in
(bio)organic chemistry because of the widespread occurrence of amines in pharmaceuticals,
natural products, and biologically active compounds. The Hofmann rearrangement is
a well-known method used for the preparation of primary amines from amides. But, the
traditional version of the Hofmann rearrangement often gave relatively poor yields due to
over-oxidation or due to the poor solubility of some amides in aqueous base, and created
an enormous amount of waste products. Developments over the last two decades, in particular,
have focused on refining both of these factors affecting the reaction. This review
covers both the description of recent advances (2000-2019) in the Hofmann
rearrangements and its applications in the synthesis of heterocycles, natural products and
complex molecules of biological interest. It is revealed that organo-catalytic systems especially hypervalent
iodine-based catalysts have been developed for the green and environmentally friendly conversion of
carboxamides to primary amines and carbamates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradip Debnath
- Department of Chemistry, Maharaja Bir Bikram College, Agartala, Tripura-799004, India
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10
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Demethylbellidifolin isolated from Swertia bimaculate against human carboxylesterase 2: Kinetics and interaction mechanism merged with docking simulations. Bioorg Chem 2019; 90:103101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.103101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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11
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Yi J, Bai R, An Y, Liu TT, Liang JH, Tian XG, Huo XK, Feng L, Ning J, Sun CP, Ma XC, Zhang HL. A natural inhibitor from Alisma orientale against human carboxylesterase 2: Kinetics, circular dichroism spectroscopic analysis, and docking simulation. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 133:184-189. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.04.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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12
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Naruse A, Kitahara K, Iwasa S, Shibatomi K. Synthesis of α‐Fluoroenones by Elimination of α‐Chloro‐α‐fluoroketones. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201900072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Naruse
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Life ScienceToyohashi University of Technology 1-1 Hibarigaoka, Tempaku-cho Toyohashi 441-8580 Japan
| | - Kazumasa Kitahara
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Life ScienceToyohashi University of Technology 1-1 Hibarigaoka, Tempaku-cho Toyohashi 441-8580 Japan
| | - Seiji Iwasa
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Life ScienceToyohashi University of Technology 1-1 Hibarigaoka, Tempaku-cho Toyohashi 441-8580 Japan
| | - Kazutaka Shibatomi
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Life ScienceToyohashi University of Technology 1-1 Hibarigaoka, Tempaku-cho Toyohashi 441-8580 Japan
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Flavonoids as human carboxylesterase 2 inhibitors: Inhibition potentials and molecular docking simulations. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 131:201-208. [PMID: 30872054 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.03.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In our search for natural human carboxylesterase 2 (hCE 2) inhibitors from natural products, we investigated inhibitory effects and mechanisms of flavonoids (1-16) against hCE 2. The results demonstrated that kurarinone (1), baicalein (2), 2-[(2'-(1-hydroxy-1-methylethyl)-7'-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)-2',3'-dihydrobenzofuran)-5-yl]-7-hydroxy-8-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)chroman-4-one (5), luteolin (6), kushenol X (9), and kushenol C (11) displayed significantly inhibitory effects against hCE 2 with IC50 values of 1.46 ± 0.43, 5.22 ± 0.89, 1.13 ± 0.19, 9.78 ± 0.98, 3.05 ± 0.46, and 2.61 ± 0.52 μM, respectively. Compounds 1, 5, 6, 9, and 11 were all uncompetitive inhibitors with Ki values of 1.73, 1.59, 16.89, 1.72, and 0.79 μM, respectively, and their Km values ranged from 2.08 μM to 5.41 μM. Furthermore, molecular docking was conducted for investigating mechanisms of compounds 1, 5, 6, 9, and 11 with hCE 2. These results suggested that compounds 1, 5, 6, 9, and 11 could be served as lead compounds for the development of novel hCE 2 inhibitors.
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Wang YL, Dong PP, Liang JH, Li N, Sun CP, Tian XG, Huo XK, Zhang BJ, Ma XC, Lv CZ. Phytochemical constituents from Uncaria rhynchophylla in human carboxylesterase 2 inhibition: Kinetics and interaction mechanism merged with docking simulations. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 51:120-127. [PMID: 30466609 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carboxylesterases (CEs) belong to the serine hydrolase family, and are in charge of hydrolyzing chemicals with carboxylic acid ester and amide functional groups via Ser-His-Glu. Uncaria rhynchophylla (Miq.) Miq. ex Havil. is a famous traditional Chinese medicine used in managing hyperpyrexia, epilepsy, preeclampsia, and hypertension in China. HYPOTHESIS/PURPOSE To discover the potential natural human carboxylesterase 2 (hCE 2) inhibitors from U. rhynchophylla. METHODS Compounds were obtained from the hooks of U. rhynchophylla by silica gel and preparative HPLC. Their structures were elucidated by using HRESIMS, 1D and 2D NMR spectra. Their inhibitory activeties and inhibition kinetics against hCE 2 were assayed by the fluorescent probe, and potential mechanisms were also investigated by molecular docking. RESULTS Twenty-three compounds, including a new phenolic acid uncariarhyine A (1), eight known triterpenoids (2-9), and ten known aromatic derivatives (10, 13-16, and 19-23), were isolated from U. rhynchophylla. Compounds 1-5, 7, 9, and 15 showed significant inhibitory activities against hCE 2 with IC50 values from 4.01 ± 0.61 µM to 18.60 ± 0.21 µM, and their inhibition kinetic analysis results revealed that compounds 1, 5, 9, and 15 were non-competitive; compounds 3 and 4 were mixed-type, and compounds 2 and 7 were uncompetitive. Molecular docking studies indicated inhibition mechanisms of compounds 1-5, 7, 9, and 15 against hCE 2. CONCLUSION Our present findings highlight potential natural hCE 2 inhibitors from U. rhynchophylla.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Li Wang
- College of Pharmacy, College (Institute) of Integrative Medicine, The National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Drug Development of Neurodegenerative Disease, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.; Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Department of Natural Products Chemistry, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Pei-Pei Dong
- College of Pharmacy, College (Institute) of Integrative Medicine, The National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Drug Development of Neurodegenerative Disease, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jia-Hao Liang
- College of Pharmacy, College (Institute) of Integrative Medicine, The National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Drug Development of Neurodegenerative Disease, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Ning Li
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Department of Natural Products Chemistry, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Cheng-Peng Sun
- College of Pharmacy, College (Institute) of Integrative Medicine, The National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Drug Development of Neurodegenerative Disease, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China..
| | - Xiang-Ge Tian
- College of Pharmacy, College (Institute) of Integrative Medicine, The National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Drug Development of Neurodegenerative Disease, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiao-Kui Huo
- College of Pharmacy, College (Institute) of Integrative Medicine, The National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Drug Development of Neurodegenerative Disease, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Bao-Jing Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, College (Institute) of Integrative Medicine, The National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Drug Development of Neurodegenerative Disease, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiao-Chi Ma
- College of Pharmacy, College (Institute) of Integrative Medicine, The National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Drug Development of Neurodegenerative Disease, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Chuan-Zhu Lv
- Institute of Functional Materials and Molecular Imaging, College of Emergency and Trauma, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
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Oh ST, Kim T, Kim Y, Lee SA, Jahng Y, Ham J, Park JG. Practical and Efficient Strategy for Synthesis of Ferruginol, Sugiol, and Sugiol Methyl Ether from Geraniol. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.11538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seong Taek Oh
- College of Pharmacy; Yeungnam University; Gyeongsan 38541 Republic of Korea
- Advanced Bio Convergence Center (ABCC), Pohang Technopark Foundation; Pohang 37668 Republic of Korea
| | - Taejung Kim
- Natural Products Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology; Gangneung 25451 Republic of Korea
| | - Youngseok Kim
- Natural Products Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology; Gangneung 25451 Republic of Korea
| | - Sin-Ae Lee
- Natural Products Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology; Gangneung 25451 Republic of Korea
| | - Yurngdong Jahng
- College of Pharmacy; Yeungnam University; Gyeongsan 38541 Republic of Korea
| | - Jungyeob Ham
- Natural Products Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology; Gangneung 25451 Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Gyu Park
- Advanced Bio Convergence Center (ABCC), Pohang Technopark Foundation; Pohang 37668 Republic of Korea
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16
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Quiroga AD, Lehner R. Pharmacological intervention of liver triacylglycerol lipolysis: The good, the bad and the ugly. Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 155:233-241. [PMID: 30006193 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2018.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Excessive triacylglycerol (TG) accumulation is the distinctive feature of obesity. In the liver, sustained TG accretion leads to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), eventually progressing to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and cirrhosis, which is associated with complications including hepatic failure, hepatocellular carcinoma and death. Pharmacological interventions are actively pursued to prevent lipid accumulation in hepatocytes and, therefore, to ameliorate the associated pathophysiological conditions. Here, we sought to provide an overview of the pharmacological approaches to up- or downregulate the expression and activities of the enzymes involved in hepatic TG hydrolysis. Fatty acids (FA) released by hydrolysis of hepatic TG can be used for β-oxidation, signaling, and for very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL)-TG synthesis. Originally, lipolysis was believed to be centered in the adipose and to be catalyzed by only two lipases, hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) and monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL). However, genetic ablation of HSL expression in mice failed to erase TG hydrolysis in adipocytes leading to the identification of a third lipase termed adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL). Although these three enzymes are considered to be the main players governing lipolysis in the adipocyte, other lipolytic enzymes have been described to contribute to hepatic TG metabolism. These include adiponutrin/patatin-like phospholipase domain containing 3 (PNPLA3), some members of the carboxylesterase family (CES/Ces), arylacetamide deacetylase (AADAC), lysosomal acid lipase (LAL) and hepatic lipase (HL). This review highlights the consequences of pharmacological interventions of liver lipases that degrade TG in cytosolic lipid droplets, in the endoplasmic reticulum, in the late endosomes/lysosomes and along the secretory route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel D Quiroga
- Instituto de Fisiología Experimental (IFISE), Área Morfología, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, CONICET, UNR, Rosario, Argentina.
| | - Richard Lehner
- Group on Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids, Department of Pediatrics, Department of Cell Biology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
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Boltneva N, Makhaeva G, Shchegol’kov E, Burgart Y, Saloutin V. Selective Carboxylesterase Inhibitors for Improving Efficacy, Safety and Rational use of Ester-Containing Drugs. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.18097/bmcrm00026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In clinical practice, a large number of prodrugs and active drugs containing an ester, carbamate or amide moiety are used. Carboxylesterase (CaE, EC 3.1.1.1) is the key enzyme of hydrolytic metabolism of such drugs in the body, it largely determines their pharmacokinetics, bioavailability, efficacy and possible toxic effects. Using CaE selective inhibitors as components of combined drug therapy it is possible us to regulate the rate of hydrolytic transformation of ester-containing drugs and opens the possibility of their rational use. The development of effective and selective CaE inhibitors suitable for in vivo application is a new promising approach in medicinal chemistry and pharmacology that allows to improve the efficacy, bioavailability and reduce the side effects of ester-containing drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- N.P. Boltneva
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, Russia
| | - G.F. Makhaeva
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, Russia
| | - E.V. Shchegol’kov
- Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, Urals Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Ya.V. Burgart
- Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, Urals Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - V.I. Saloutin
- Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, Urals Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Yekaterinburg, Russia
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