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Sun Y, Li X, Wang Y, Shang X, Huang W, Ang S, Li D, Wong WL, Hong WD, Zhang K, Wu P. In vitro and in vivo evaluation of novel ursolic acid derivatives as potential antibacterial agents against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Bioorg Chem 2025; 154:107986. [PMID: 39615282 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2024] [Revised: 10/21/2024] [Accepted: 11/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2025]
Abstract
The misuse and abuse of antibiotics have led to the increase of drug resistance and the emergence of multi-drug resistant bacteria. Therefore, it is an urgent need to develop novel antimicrobial agents to address this problem. Natural products (NPs) could provide an effective strategy for the discovery of drug due to their wide range of source and biological activities. Ursolic acid (UA) is a naturally occurring compound known for its wide range of biological properties. In this study, a series of UA derivatives were rationally designed and synthesized by incorporating antibacterial potential fragments of benzenesulfonamide and indole, with the aim of obtaining novel UA derivatives for the treatment of bacterial infections. Based on the preliminary screening, UA derivatives 27 (yield of 26 %), containing 4-chlorobenzenesulfonamide and 6-carboxyindole pharmacophores, as well as 34 (yield of 42 %), containing 4-carboxybenzenesulfonamide and unsubstituted indole pharmacophores, were identified as promising antibacterial agents against Staphylococcus aureus, especially for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), possessing MICs of 1 μM. Furthermore, both of them also displayed low hemolytic activity, non-resistance, and low-toxicity to mammalian cells. In addition, further mechanistic studies revealed that 27 and 34 were able to inhibit and eliminate MRSA biofilm formation, affecting the permeability of bacterial cell membrane, leading to increase intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and ultimately inducing bacterial death. Notably, 27 and 34 also showed promising in vivo efficacy against MRSA in a mouse wound model. These results suggested that 27 and 34 should have promising applications against MRSA infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Sun
- School of Pharmacy and Food Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Large Animal Models for Biomedicine, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, PR China
| | - Xiaofang Li
- School of Pharmacy and Food Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Large Animal Models for Biomedicine, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, PR China
| | - Yan Wang
- School of Pharmacy and Food Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Large Animal Models for Biomedicine, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, PR China
| | - Xiangcun Shang
- School of Pharmacy and Food Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Large Animal Models for Biomedicine, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, PR China
| | - Wenhuan Huang
- School of Pharmacy and Food Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Large Animal Models for Biomedicine, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, PR China
| | - Song Ang
- School of Pharmacy and Food Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Large Animal Models for Biomedicine, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, PR China
| | - Dongli Li
- School of Pharmacy and Food Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Large Animal Models for Biomedicine, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, PR China
| | - Wing-Leung Wong
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | | | - Kun Zhang
- School of Pharmacy and Food Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Large Animal Models for Biomedicine, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, PR China.
| | - Panpan Wu
- School of Pharmacy and Food Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Large Animal Models for Biomedicine, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, PR China.
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Koul V, Sharma A, Kumari D, Jamwal V, Palmo T, Singh K. Breaking the resistance: integrative approaches with novel therapeutics against Klebsiella pneumoniae. Arch Microbiol 2024; 207:18. [PMID: 39724243 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-024-04205-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2024] [Revised: 11/14/2024] [Accepted: 11/18/2024] [Indexed: 12/28/2024]
Abstract
Klebsiella pneumoniae is a leading cause of anti-microbial resistance in healthcare-associated infections that have posed a severe threat to neonatal and wider community. The escalating crises of antibiotic resistance have compelled researchers to explore an innovative arsenal beginning from natural resources to chemical modifications in order to overcome the ever-increasing resistance issues. The present review highlights the drug discovery efforts with a special focus on cutting-edge strategies in the hunt for potential drug candidates against MDR/XDR Klebsiella pneumoniae. Nature's bounty constituting plant extracts, essential oils, fungal extracts, etc. holds promising anti-bacterial potential especially when combined with existing antibiotics. Further, enhancing these natural products with synthetic moieties has improved their effectiveness, creating a bridge between the natural and synthetic world. Conversely, the synthetically modified novel scaffolds have been also designed to meticulously target specific sites. Furthermore, we have also elaborated various emerging strategies for broad-spectrum infections caused by K. pneumoniae, which include anti-microbial peptides, nanotechnology, drug repurposing, bacteriophage, photodynamic, and multidrug therapies. This review further addresses the challenges confronted by the research community and the future way forward in the field of drug discovery against multi-resistant bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vimarishi Koul
- Infectious Diseases Division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, 180001, India
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Sciences (BITS), Pilani campus, Pilani, Rajasthan, 333031, India
| | - Akshi Sharma
- Infectious Diseases Division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, 180001, India
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201313, India
| | - Diksha Kumari
- Infectious Diseases Division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, 180001, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Vishwani Jamwal
- Infectious Diseases Division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, 180001, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Tashi Palmo
- Infectious Diseases Division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, 180001, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Kuljit Singh
- Infectious Diseases Division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, 180001, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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3
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Khanna A, Kumar N, Rana R, Jyoti, Sharma A, Muskan, Kaur H, Bedi PMS. Fluoroquinolones tackling antimicrobial resistance: Rational design, mechanistic insights and comparative analysis of norfloxacin vs ciprofloxacin derivatives. Bioorg Chem 2024; 153:107773. [PMID: 39241583 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2024] [Revised: 08/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance poses a global health concern and develops a need to discover novel antimicrobial agents or targets to tackle this problem. Fluoroquinolone (FN), a DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV inhibitor, has helped to conquer antimicrobial resistance as it provides flexibility to researchers to rationally modify its structure to increase potency and efficacy. This review provides insights into the rational modification of FNs, the causes of resistance to FNs, and the mechanism of action of FNs. Herein, we have explored the latest advancements in antimicrobial activities of FN analogues and the effect of various substitutions with a focus on utilizing the FN nucleus to search for novel potential antimicrobial candidates. Moreover, this review also provides a comparative analysis of two widely prescribed FNs that are ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin, explaining their rationale for their design, structure-activity relationships (SAR), causes of resistance, and mechanistic studies. These insights will prove advantageous for new researchers by aiding them in designing novel and effective FN-based compounds to combat antimicrobial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aanchal Khanna
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143005, India
| | - Nitish Kumar
- Sri Sai College of Pharmacy, Badhani, Pathankot, Punjab 145001, India.
| | - Rupali Rana
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143005, India
| | - Jyoti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143005, India
| | - Anchal Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143005, India
| | - Muskan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143005, India
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Roszkowski P, Bielenica A, Stefańska J, Majewska A, Markowska K, Pituch H, Koliński M, Kmiecik S, Chrzanowska A, Struga M. Antibacterial and anti-biofilm activities of new fluoroquinolone derivatives coupled with nitrogen-based heterocycles. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 179:117439. [PMID: 39270539 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2024] [Revised: 08/29/2024] [Accepted: 09/10/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
We report the design, synthesis, and antimicrobial evaluation of a series of ciprofloxacin (CP) conjugates coupled with nitrogen-containing heterocycles. In vitro screening of these new hybrid compounds (1-13) against a panel of planktonic bacterial strains highlighted thiazolyl homologs 6 and 7 as the most promising candidates for further investigation. These derivatives demonstrated potent growth-inhibitory activity against various standard and clinical isolates, with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) ranging from 0.05 to 0.4 µg/ml, which are higher or comparable to the reference fluoroquinolone. Both compounds effectively inhibited biofilm formation by selected staphylococci across all tested concentrations (1-8 x MIC), displaying greater efficacy at higher doses compared to CP alone. Notably, conjugate 7 also significantly eradicated existing biofilms formed by S. aureus of various origin. Molecular docking studies revealed that conjugate 7 engages in a broader range of interactions with DNA gyrase and DNA topoisomerase IV than CP, suggesting stronger binding affinity and enhanced flexibility. This may contribute to its potential in overcoming bacterial resistance mechanisms. The above findings indicate compound 7 as a promising candidate for clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Roszkowski
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1 Str, Warsaw 02-093, Poland
| | - Anna Bielenica
- Chair and Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1 Str, Warsaw 02-097, Poland.
| | - Joanna Stefańska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1b Str, Warsaw 02-097, Poland
| | - Anna Majewska
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Chalubinskiego 5 Str, Warsaw 02-004, Poland
| | - Kinga Markowska
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Chalubinskiego 5 Str, Warsaw 02-004, Poland
| | - Hanna Pituch
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Chalubinskiego 5 Str, Warsaw 02-004, Poland
| | - Michał Koliński
- Bioinformatics Laboratory, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawinskiego 5 Str, Warsaw 02-106, Poland
| | - Sebastian Kmiecik
- Biological and Chemical Research Centre, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Zwirki i Wigury 101 Str, Warsaw 02-089, Poland
| | - Alicja Chrzanowska
- Chair and Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1 Str, Warsaw 02-097, Poland
| | - Marta Struga
- Chair and Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1 Str, Warsaw 02-097, Poland
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Zang ZL, Wang YX, Battini N, Gao WW, Zhou CH. Synthesis and antibacterial medicinal evaluation of carbothioamido hydrazonyl thiazolylquinolone with multitargeting antimicrobial potential to combat increasingly global resistance. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 275:116626. [PMID: 38944934 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
The global microbial resistance is a serious threat to human health, and multitargeting compounds are considered to be promising to combat microbial resistance. In this work, a series of new thiazolylquinolones with multitargeting antimicrobial potential were developed through multi-step reactions using triethoxymethane and substituted anilines as start materials. Their structures were confirmed by 1H NMR, 13C NMR and HRMS spectra. Antimicrobial evaluation revealed that some of the target compounds could effectively inhibit microbial growth. Especially, carbothioamido hydrazonyl aminothiazolyl quinolone 8a showed strong inhibitory activity toward drug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus with MIC value of 0.0047 mM, which was 5-fold more active than that of norfloxacin. The highly active compound 8a exhibited negligible hemolysis, no significant toxicity in vitro and in vivo, low drug resistance, as well as rapidly bactericidal effects, which suggested its favorable druggability. Furthermore, compound 8a was able to effectively disrupt the integrity of the bacterial membrane, intercalate into DNA and inhibit the activity of topoisomerase IV, suggesting multitargeting mechanism of action. Compound 8a could form hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions with DNA-topoisomerase IV complex, indicating the insertion of aminothiazolyl moiety was beneficial to improve antibacterial efficiency. These findings indicated that the active carbothioamido hydrazonyl aminothiazolyl quinolone 8a as a chemical therapeutic candidate demonstrated immense potential to tackle drug-resistant bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Lin Zang
- Institute of Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yi-Xin Wang
- Institute of Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Narsaiah Battini
- Institute of Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Wei-Wei Gao
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China.
| | - Cheng-He Zhou
- Institute of Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
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6
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Tan YM, Zhang J, Wei YJ, Hu YG, Li SR, Zhang SL, Zhou CH. Cyanomethylquinolones as a New Class of Potential Multitargeting Broad-Spectrum Antibacterial Agents. J Med Chem 2024; 67:9028-9053. [PMID: 38787534 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c00238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
This work identified a class of cyanomethylquinolones (CQs) and their carboxyl analogues as potential multitargeting antibacterial candidates. Most of the prepared compounds showed high antibacterial activities against most of the tested bacteria, exhibiting lower MIC values (0.125-2 μg/mL) than those of clinical norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, and clinafloxacin. The low hemolysis, drug resistance, and cytotoxicity, as well as good predictive pharmacokinetics of active CQs and carboxyl analogues revealed their development potential. Furthermore, they could eradicate the established biofilm, facilitating bacterial exposure to these antibacterial candidates. These active compounds could induce bacterial death through multitargeting effects, including intercalating into DNA, up-regulating reactive oxygen species, damaging membranes directly, and impeding metabolism. Moreover, the highly active cyclopropyl CQ 15 exhibited more effective in vivo anti-MRSA potency than ciprofloxacin. These findings highlight the potential of CQs and their carboxyl analogues as multitargeting broad-spectrum antibacterial candidates for treating intractable bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Min Tan
- Institute of Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Institute of Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Yu-Jia Wei
- Institute of Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Yue-Gao Hu
- Institute of Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Shu-Rui Li
- Institute of Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Shao-Lin Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, PR China
| | - Cheng-He Zhou
- Institute of Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
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7
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Salem ME, Abdelhamid IA, Elwahy AH, Ragheb MA, Alqahtani AS, Zaki ME, Algethami FK, Mahmoud HK. Novel hybrid thiazoles, bis-thiazoles linked to azo-sulfamethoxazole: Synthesis, docking, and antimicrobial activity. Heliyon 2024; 10:e31082. [PMID: 38813143 PMCID: PMC11133767 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
The reaction of sulfamethoxazolehydrazonoyl chloride with thiosemicarbazones, bis-thiosemicarbazones, or 4-amino-3-mercapto-1,2,4-triazole in dioxane in the presence of triethylamine as a basic catalyst at reflux resulted in the regioselective synthesis of thiazoles and bis-thiazoles linked to azo-sulfamethoxazole as novel hybrid molecules. The structures of the new compounds were confirmed using a range of spectra. Each compound's antibacterial properties were evaluated using the agar well-diffusion technique, and most of them demonstrated significant potency. In silico investigations revealed that the described compounds had strong interactions with the binding sites of MurE ligase, tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase, and dihydropteroate synthase, demonstrating inhibitory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa E. Salem
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University(IMSIU), P.O. Box, 90950, Riyadh, 11623, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt
| | - Ismail A. Abdelhamid
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt
| | - Ahmed H.M. Elwahy
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A. Ragheb
- Department of Chemistry (Biochemistry Division), Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt
| | - Arwa sultan Alqahtani
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University(IMSIU), P.O. Box, 90950, Riyadh, 11623, Saudi Arabia
| | - Magdi E.A. Zaki
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University(IMSIU), P.O. Box, 90950, Riyadh, 11623, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faisal K. Algethami
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University(IMSIU), P.O. Box, 90950, Riyadh, 11623, Saudi Arabia
| | - Huda Kamel Mahmoud
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt
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Zhao JS, Ahmad N, Li S, Zhou CH. Hydrazyl hydroxycoumarins as new potential conquerors towards Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2024; 103:129709. [PMID: 38494040 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2024.129709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
A class of unique hydrazyl hydroxycoumarins (HHs) as novel structural scaffold was developed to combat dreadful bacterial infections. Some HHs could effectively suppress bacterial growth at low concentrations, especially, pyridyl HH 7 exhibited a good inhibition against Pseudomonas aeruginosa 27853 with a low MIC value of 0.5 μg/mL, which was 8-fold more active than norfloxacin. Furthermore, pyridyl HH 7 with low hemolytic activity and low cytotoxicity towards NCM460 cells showed much lower trend to induce the drug-resistant development than norfloxacin. Preliminarily mechanism exploration indicated that pyridyl HH 7 could eradicate the integrity of bacterial membrane, result in the leakage of intracellular proteins, and interact with bacterial DNA gyrase via non-covalent binding, and ADME analysis manifested that compound 7 gave good pharmacokinetic properties. These results suggested that the newly developed hydrazyl hydroxycoumarins as potential multitargeting antibacterial agents should be worthy of further investigation for combating bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang-Sheng Zhao
- Institute of Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Nisar Ahmad
- Institute of Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Shuo Li
- School of Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, PR China.
| | - Cheng-He Zhou
- Institute of Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China.
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9
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Hu YG, Battini N, Fang B, Zhou CH. Discovery of indolylacryloyl-derived oxacins as novel potential broad-spectrum antibacterial candidates. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 270:116392. [PMID: 38608408 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
The emergence of serious bacterial resistance towards clinical oxacins poses a considerable threat to global public health, necessitating the development of novel structural antibacterial agents. Seven types of novel indolylacryloyl-derived oxacins (IDOs) were designed and synthesized for the first time from commercial 3,4-difluoroaniline via an eight-step procedure. The synthesized compounds were characterized by modern spectroscopic techniques. All target molecules were evaluated for antimicrobial activities. Most of the prepared IDOs showed a broad antibacterial spectrum and strong activities against the tested strains, especially ethoxycarbonyl IDO 10d (0.25-0.5 μg/mL) and hydroxyethyl IDO 10e (0.25-1 μg/mL) exhibited much superior antibacterial efficacies to reference drug norfloxacin. These highly active IDOs also displayed low hemolysis, cytotoxicity and resistance, as well as rapid bactericidal capacity. Further investigations indicated that ethoxycarbonyl IDO 10d and hydroxyethyl IDO 10e could effectively reduce the exopolysaccharide content and eradicate the formed biofilm, which might delay the development of drug resistance. Preliminary exploration of the antibacterial mechanism revealed that active IDOs could not only destroy membrane integrity, resulting in changes in membrane permeability, but also promote the accumulation of reactive oxygen species, leading to the production of malondialdehyde and decreased bacterial metabolism. Moreover, they exhibited the capability to bind with DNA and DNA gyrase, forming supramolecular complexes through various noncovalent interactions, thereby inhibiting DNA replication and causing bacterial death. All the above results suggested that the newly developed indolylacryloyl-derived oxacins should hold great promise as potential multitargeting broad-spectrum antibacterial candidates to overcome drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Gao Hu
- Institute of Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Narsaiah Battini
- Institute of Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Bo Fang
- College of Pharmacy, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Targeted and Innovative Therapeutics, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Kinase Modulators As Innovative Medicine, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing, 402160, China.
| | - Cheng-He Zhou
- Institute of Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
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10
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Li W, Yang X, Ahmad N, Zhang SL, Zhou CH. Novel aminothiazoximone-corbelled ethoxycarbonylpyrimidones with antibiofilm activity to conquer Gram-negative bacteria through potential multitargeting effects. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 268:116219. [PMID: 38368710 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
The emergence of drug-resistant microorganisms threatens human health, and it is usually exacerbated by the formation of biofilm, which forces the development of new antibacterial agents with antibiofilm activity. In this work, a novel category of aminothiazoximone-corbelled ethoxycarbonylpyrimidones (ACEs) was designed and synthesized, and some of the prepared ACEs showed potent bioactivity against the tested bacteria. In particular, imidazolyl ACE 6c showed better inhibitory activity towards Acinetobacter baumannii and Escherichia coli with MIC values both of 0.0066 mmol/L than norfloxacin. It was also revealed that imidazolyl ACE 6c not only possessed inconspicuous hemolytic rate and cytotoxicity, low drug resistance and no risk of penetrating the blood-brain barrier, but also exhibited obvious biofilm inhibition and eradication activities. The preliminary mechanism research suggested that imidazolyl ACE 6c could induce metabolic dysfunction by deactivating lactate dehydrogenase and promote the accumulation of reactive oxygen species to decrease the reduced glutathione and ultimately cause oxidative damage in bacteria. Furthermore, ACE 6c was also found that could insert into DNA to form the supramolecular complex of 6c-DNA and trigger cell death. The multidimensional effect might promote bacterial cell rupture, leading to the leakage of intracellular content. These findings manifested that novel imidazolyl ACE 6c as a potential multitargeting antibacterial agent with potent antibiofilm activity could provide new possibility for the treatment of refractory biofilm-intensified bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Institute of Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Xi Yang
- Institute of Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Nisar Ahmad
- Institute of Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Shao-Lin Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China.
| | - Cheng-He Zhou
- Institute of Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
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11
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Liu H, Xu T, Xue Z, Huang M, Wang T, Zhang M, Yang R, Guo Y. Current Development of Thiazole-Containing Compounds as Potential Antibacterials against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. ACS Infect Dis 2024; 10:350-370. [PMID: 38232301 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.3c00647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
The emergence of multi-drug-resistant bacteria is threatening to human health and life around the world. In particular, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) causes fatal injuries to human beings and serious economic losses to animal husbandry due to its easy transmission and difficult treatment. Currently, the development of novel, highly effective, and low-toxicity antimicrobials is important to combat MRSA infections. Thiazole-containing compounds with good biological activity are widely used in clinical practice, and appropriate structural modifications make it possible to develop new antimicrobials. Here, we review thiazole-containing compounds and their antibacterial effects against MRSA reported in the past two decades and discuss their structure-activity relationships as well as the corresponding antimicrobial mechanisms. Some thiazole-containing compounds exhibit potent antibacterial efficacy in vitro and in vivo after appropriate structural modifications and could be used as antibacterial candidates. This Review provides insights into the development of thiazole-containing compounds as antimicrobials to combat MRSA infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Liu
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan Province, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, China
| | - Ting Xu
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan Province, China
| | - Zihan Xue
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, China
| | - Meijuan Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, China
| | - Tingting Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, China
| | - Miaomiao Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, China
| | - Ruige Yang
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan Province, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, China
| | - Yong Guo
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan Province, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, China
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12
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Guo W, Yang Z, Wang K, Li W, Zhao Y, Yang Y, Chang W, Gong Z, Liu Z, Chen Y, Li Q. Discovery of Unique Bis-Substituted Aromatic Amide Derivatives as Novel Highly Potent Antibiotics for Combating Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). J Med Chem 2024; 67:2129-2151. [PMID: 38289145 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c02064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Due to the increasing antibiotic resistance, developing novel antimicrobials to fight infections caused by resistant bacteria is imperative. Herein, a series of novel bis-substituted aromatic amides were designed and synthesized through modifying the hit compound 1, and their antimicrobial activities were evaluated. Among them, compound 4t, as the most potent lead, exhibited excellent antimicrobial activities against Gram-positive bacteria, including clinical methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates, while keeping weak hemolytic and mammalian cytotoxic activities. Furthermore, compound 4t displayed rapid bactericidal capabilities, low tendency to produce resistance, and favorable capacities to destroy bacterial biofilms. Further explorations indicated that compound 4t induces bacterial death by binding to cardiolipin (CL) on the bacterial membrane, disrupting the cell membrane, and facilitating the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Additionally, compound 4t showed remarkable anti-MRSA activity in vivo, demonstrating compound 4t could be developed as a potential candidate to combat MRSA infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weikai Guo
- The Jointed National Laboratory of Antibody Drug Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Zhengfan Yang
- The Jointed National Laboratory of Antibody Drug Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Kexiao Wang
- The Jointed National Laboratory of Antibody Drug Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Wenyu Li
- The Jointed National Laboratory of Antibody Drug Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Yanyang Zhao
- The Jointed National Laboratory of Antibody Drug Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Yuqing Yang
- The Jointed National Laboratory of Antibody Drug Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Wenjing Chang
- Henan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Zhen Gong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Zhou Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Yihua Chen
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Genome Editing and Cell Therapy, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, The Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Qiming Li
- The Jointed National Laboratory of Antibody Drug Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
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13
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Zhang J, Tan YM, Li SR, Battini N, Zhang SL, Lin JM, Zhou CH. Discovery of benzopyridone cyanoacetates as new type of potential broad-spectrum antibacterial candidates. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 265:116107. [PMID: 38171147 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.116107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Unique benzopyridone cyanoacetates (BCs) as new type of promising broad-spectrum antibacterial candidates were discovered with large potential to combat the lethal multidrug-resistant bacterial infections. Many prepared BCs showed broad antibacterial spectrum with low MIC values against the tested strains. Some highly active BCs exhibited rapid sterilization capacity, low resistant trend and good predictive pharmacokinetic properties. Furthermore, the highly active sodium BCs (NaBCs) displayed low hemolysis and cytotoxicity, and especially octyl NaBC 5g also showed in vivo potent anti-infective potential and appreciable pharmacokinetic profiles. A series of preliminary mechanistic explorations indicated that these active BCs could effectively eliminate bacterial biofilm and destroy membrane integrity, thus resulting in the leakage of bacterial cytoplasm. Moreover, their unique structures might further bind to intracellular DNA, DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV through various direct noncovalent interactions to hinder bacterial reproduction. Meanwhile, the active BCs also induced bacterial oxidative stress and metabolic disturbance, thereby accelerating bacterial apoptosis. These results provided a bright hope for benzopyridone cyanoacetates as potential novel multitargeting broad-spectrum antibacterial candidates to conquer drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Institute of Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yi-Min Tan
- Institute of Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Shu-Rui Li
- Institute of Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Narsaiah Battini
- Institute of Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Shao-Lin Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China.
| | - Jian-Mei Lin
- Department of Infections, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, China.
| | - Cheng-He Zhou
- Institute of Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
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14
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Wang HG, Zhang HZ. Emodin Alcohols: Design, Synthesis, Biological Evaluation and Multitargeting Studies with DNA, RNA, and HSA. Curr Med Chem 2024; 31:2788-2808. [PMID: 37183459 DOI: 10.2174/0929867330666230512161856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A series of novel emodin alcohols were designed and prepared in an effort to overcome the increasing microorganism resistance. METHODS Novel emodin alcohols were prepared from commercial emodin and different nitrogen-containing heterocycles via different synthetic strategies, such as O-alkylation and N-alkylation. The antimicrobial activity of synthesized emodin compounds was evaluated in vitro by a two-fold serial dilution technique. The interaction of emodin compound 3d with biomolecule was researched using UV-vis spectroscopic method and fluorescence spectroscopy. RESULTS Emodin compound 3d containing 2-methyl-5-nitro imidazole ring showed relatively good antimicrobial activity. Notably, it exhibited equivalent activity against S. aureus in comparison to the reference drug norfloxacin (MIC = 4 μg/mL). The combination of strong active compound 3d with reference drugs showed better antimicrobial activity with less dosage and a broader antimicrobial spectrum than their separate use. Further research displayed that emodin compound 3d could intercalate into S. aureus DNA to form the 3d-DNA complex, which might correlate with the inhibitory activity. The hydrogen bonds were found between S. aureus DNA gyrase and strong active compound 3d during the docking research, which were in accordance with the spectral experiment results. The interaction with yeast RNA of compound 3d could also form a complex via hydrogen bonds. The hydrogen bonds were found to play a major role in the transportation of emodin compound 3d by human serum albumin (HSA), as confirmed by molecular simulation. CONCLUSION This work provides a promising starting point to optimize the structures of emodin derivatives as potent antimicrobial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Guang Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, China
| | - Hui-Zhen Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, China
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15
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Li SR, Zeng CM, Peng XM, Chen JP, Li S, Zhou CH. Benzopyrone-mediated quinolones as potential multitargeting antibacterial agents. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 262:115878. [PMID: 37866337 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
A new type of benzopyrone-mediated quinolones (BMQs) was rationally designed and efficiently synthesized as novel potential antibacterial molecules to overcome the global increasingly serious drug resistance. Some synthesized BMQs effectively suppressed the growth of the tested strains, outperforming clinical drugs. Notably, ethylidene-derived BMQ 17a exhibited superior antibacterial potential with low MICs of 0.5-2 μg/mL to clinical drugs norfloxacin, it not only displayed rapid bactericidal performance and inhibited bacterial biofilm formation, but also showed low toxicity toward human red blood cells and normal MDA-kb2 cells. Mechanistic investigation demonstrated that BMQ 17a could effectually induce bacterial metabolic disorders and promote the enhancement of reactive oxygen species to disrupt the bacterial antioxidant defense system. It was found that the active molecule BMQ 17a could not only form supramolecular complex with lactate dehydrogenase, which disturbed the biological functions, but also effectively embed into calf thymus DNA, thus affecting the normal function of DNA and achieving cell death. This work would provide an insight into developing new molecules to reduce drug resistance and expand antibacterial spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Rui Li
- Institute of Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Chun-Mei Zeng
- Institute of Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Xin-Mei Peng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qiannan Normal University for Nationalities, Duyun, 558000, China.
| | - Jin-Ping Chen
- Institute of Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Shuo Li
- School of Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, 400054, China.
| | - Cheng-He Zhou
- Institute of Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
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16
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Liu L, Wu H, Long Y, Yang X, Du C, Xu Y, Ji Q. Novel spiro[pyrrolidine-2,3'-quinoline]-2'-one derivatives containing piperazine fragment as potential chitin synthase inhibitors and antifungal agents: Design, synthesis and biological evaluation. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 260:115777. [PMID: 37660485 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
A series of spiro[pyrrolidine-2,3'-quinoline]-2'-one derivatives were designed and synthesized for the discovery of novel antifungal drugs. The bioactivities of all derivatives were screened by evaluating their inhibitory effects against chitin synthase (CHS) and antimicrobial activities in vitro. Enzyme inhibition experiments showed that all the synthesized compounds inhibited the chitin synthase. Compounds 4d, 4k, 4n and 4o showed inhibitory effects against CHS with IC50 values which were close to that of the control drug (polyoxin B). The results of enzyme kinetics experiment showed that these compounds were non-competitive inhibitors of chitin synthase (Ki of compound 4o is 0.14 mM). Antimicrobial experiments showed that these compounds exhibited moderate to excellent antifungal activity against pathogenic fungal strains while the compounds showed little potency against bacteria. Among them, compounds 4d, 4f, 4k and 4n showed stronger antifungal activities against C. albicans than those of fluconazole and polyoxin B. Compounds 4f, 4n and 4o showed better antifungal activities against A. flavus than those of fluconazole and polyoxin B. Compound 4d showed similar activity to that of fluconazole and stronger activity than those of polyoxin B against C. neoformans and A. fumigatus. It is also showed that these compounds have the potency against drug-resistant fungal variants. The results of sorbitol protection assay and evaluation of antifungal activity against micafungin-resistant strains experiment further illustrated that these compounds inhibited the synthesis of chitin of fungal cell wall. Drug combination experiments showed that these compounds had synergistic or additive effects when combined with fluconazole or polyoxin B. The synergistic effects with polyoxin B further confirmed the compounds were non-competitive inhibitors of chitin synthase. Additionally, docking studies showed that these compounds had strong affinity with chitin synthase from C. albicans (CaChs2). These results indicate that the target of these synthesized compounds is chitin synthase, and these compounds had excellent antifungal activity while possessed the potency against drug-resistant fungal variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lige Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, PR China
| | - Hu Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, PR China
| | - Yan Long
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, PR China
| | - Xinlong Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, PR China
| | - Chuanbiao Du
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, PR China
| | - Yajie Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, PR China
| | - Qinggang Ji
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, PR China.
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17
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Guo J, Xie Z, Ruan W, Tang Q, Qiao D, Zhu W. Thiazole-based analogues as potential antibacterial agents against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and their SAR elucidation. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 259:115689. [PMID: 37542993 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the overuse of antibiotics has resulted in the emergence of antibiotic resistance, which is a serious global health problem. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a common and virulent bacterium in clinical practice. Numerous researchers have focused on developing new candidate drugs that are effective, less toxic, and can overcome MRSA resistance. Thiazole derivatives have been found to exhibit antibacterial activity against drug-sensitive and drug-resistant pathogens. By hybridizing thiazole with other antibacterial pharmacophores, it is possible to obtain more effective antibacterial candidate drugs. Thiazole derivatives have shown potential in developing new drugs that can overcome drug resistance, reduce toxicity, and improve pharmacokinetic characteristics. This article reviews the recent progress of thiazole compounds as potential antibacterial compounds and examines the structure-activity relationship (SAR) in various directions. It covers articles published from 2018 to 2023, providing a comprehensive platform to plan and develop new thiazole-based small MRSA growth inhibitors with minimal side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaojiao Guo
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, China
| | - Zhouling Xie
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, China
| | - Wei Ruan
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, China
| | - Qidong Tang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, China
| | - Dan Qiao
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, China.
| | - Wufu Zhu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, China.
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18
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Sun Q, Hu X, Zhao Y, Zhang J, Sheng J. Construction of Co 3O 4 anchored on Bi 2MoO 6 microspheres for highly efficient photocatalytic peroxymonosulfate activation towards degradation of norfloxacin. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023:10.1007/s11356-023-27674-y. [PMID: 37213017 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-27674-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Dissolved antibiotics have been a research subject due to their widespread presence and potential threats in drinking water treatment. To enhance the photocatalytic activity of Bi2MoO6 for the degradation of norfloxacin (NOR), the heterostructured Co3O4/Bi2MoO6 (CoBM) composites were synthesized by employing ZIF-67-derived Co3O4 on Bi2MoO6 microspheres. The as-synthesized resultant material 3-CoBM by 300 °C calcination was characterized by XRD, SEM, XPS, transient photocurrent techniques, and EIS. The photocatalytic performance was evaluated by monitoring different concentrations, NOR removal from aqueous solution. Compared with Bi2MoO6, 3-CoBM exhibited the better adsorption and elimination capacity of NOR due to the combined effect between peroxymonosulfate activation and photocatalytic reaction. The influences of catalyst dosage, PMS dosage, various interfering ions (Cl-, NO3-, HCO3-, and SO42-), pH value, and type of antibiotics for application removal were also invested. By activating PMS under visible-light irradiation, 84.95% of metronidazole (MNZ) can be degraded within 40 min, and NOR and tetracycline (TC) can be completely degraded using 3-CoBM. Degradation mechanism was elucidated by quenching tests in combination with EPR measurement, and the degree of activity of the active groups from strong to weak is h+, SO4-•, and •OH, respectively. The degradation products and conceivable degradation pathways of NOR were speculated by LC-MS. In combination of excellent peroxymonosulfate activation and highly enhanced photocatalytic performance, this newly Co3O4/Bi2MoO6 catalyst might be a promising candidate for degrading emerging antibiotic contamination in wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Sun
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Xiaofang Hu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Yingjie Zhao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Jiawei Sheng
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China.
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19
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Dai J, Battini N, Zang Z, Luo Y, Zhou C. Novel Thiazolylketenyl Quinazolinones as Potential Anti-MRSA Agents and Allosteric Modulator for PBP2a. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28104240. [PMID: 37241983 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28104240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus have seriously threatened public health. There is an urgent need to propose an existing regimen to overcome multidrug resistance of MRSA. A unique class of novel anti-MRSA thiazolylketenyl quinazolinones (TQs) and their analogs were developed. Some synthesized compounds showed good bacteriostatic potency. Especially TQ 4 was found to exhibit excellent inhibition against MRSA with a low MIC of 0.5 μg/mL, which was 8-fold more effective than norfloxacin. The combination of TQ 4 with cefdinir showed stronger antibacterial potency. Further investigation revealed that TQ 4, with low hemolytic toxicity and low drug resistance, was not only able to inhibit biofilm formation but also could reduce MRSA metabolic activity and showed good drug-likeness. Mechanistic explorations revealed that TQ 4 could cause leakage of proteins by disrupting membrane integrity and block DNA replication by intercalated DNA. Furthermore, the synergistic antibacterial effect with cefdinir might be attributed to TQ 4 with the ability to induce PBP2a allosteric regulation of MRSA and further trigger the opening of the active site to promote the binding of cefdinir to the active site, thus inhibiting the expression of PBP2a, thereby overcoming MRSA resistance and significantly enhancing the anti-MRSA activity of cefdinir. A new strategy provided by these findings was that TQ 4, possessing both excellent anti-MRSA activity and allosteric effect of PBP2a, merited further development as a novel class of antibacterial agents to overcome increasingly severe MRSA infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Dai
- Institute of Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Narsaiah Battini
- Institute of Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Zhonglin Zang
- Institute of Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yan Luo
- College of Pharmacy, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Targeted and Innovative Therapeutics, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Kinase Modulators as Innovative Medicine, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, China
| | - Chenghe Zhou
- Institute of Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
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20
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Zhao WH, Xu JH, Tangadanchu VKR, Zhou CH. Thiazolyl hydrazineylidenyl indolones as unique potential multitargeting broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 256:115452. [PMID: 37167780 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of pathogenic and drug-resistant microorganisms seriously threatens public safety. This work constructed a unique type of thiazolyl hydrazineylidenyl indolones (THIs) to combat global microbial multidrug-resistance. Bioactive evaluation discovered that some target THIs displayed much superior antimicrobial efficacy than clinical chloromycetin, norfloxacin, cefdinir or fluconazole against the tested strains. Eminently, butyl THI 6c displayed a broad antimicrobial spectrum with low MICs of 0.25-1 μg/mL. The highly active THI 6c not only showed low cytotoxicity and hemolysis, rapidly bactericidal ability, good antibiofilm activity and promising pharmacokinetic properties, but also could significantly impede the development of bacterial resistance. Preliminary exploration of antibacterial mechanism revealed that THI 6c could effectively penetrate the cell membrane of MRSA and embed DNA to form 6c‒DNA supramolecular complex and thus hinder DNA replication. Moreover, THI 6c could reduce cell metabolic activity, which might be attributed to the fact that THI 6c could target the pyruvate kinase of MRSA and interfere with the function of the enzyme. These results provided powerful information for further developing thiazolyl hydrazineylidenyl indolones as new broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Hao Zhao
- Institute of Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Jia-He Xu
- Institute of Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Vijai Kumar Reddy Tangadanchu
- Institute of Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Cheng-He Zhou
- Institute of Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
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21
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Li SR, Tan YM, Zhang L, Zhou CH. Comprehensive Insights into Medicinal Research on Imidazole-Based Supramolecular Complexes. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1348. [PMID: 37242590 PMCID: PMC10222694 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15051348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The electron-rich five-membered aromatic aza-heterocyclic imidazole, which contains two nitrogen atoms, is an important functional fragment widely present in a large number of biomolecules and medicinal drugs; its unique structure is beneficial to easily bind with various inorganic or organic ions and molecules through noncovalent interactions to form a variety of supramolecular complexes with broad medicinal potential, which is being paid an increasing amount of attention regarding more and more contributions to imidazole-based supramolecular complexes for possible medicinal application. This work gives systematical and comprehensive insights into medicinal research on imidazole-based supramolecular complexes, including anticancer, antibacterial, antifungal, antiparasitic, antidiabetic, antihypertensive, and anti-inflammatory aspects as well as ion receptors, imaging agents, and pathologic probes. The new trend of the foreseeable research in the near future toward imidazole-based supramolecular medicinal chemistry is also prospected. It is hoped that this work provides beneficial help for the rational design of imidazole-based drug molecules and supramolecular medicinal agents and more effective diagnostic agents and pathological probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Rui Li
- Institute of Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yi-Min Tan
- Institute of Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- School of Chemical Technology, Shijiazhuang University, Shijiazhuang 050035, China
| | - Cheng-He Zhou
- Institute of Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
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22
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Hryhoriv H, Kovalenko SM, Georgiyants M, Sidorenko L, Georgiyants V. A Comprehensive Review on Chemical Synthesis and Chemotherapeutic Potential of 3-Heteroaryl Fluoroquinolone Hybrids. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12030625. [PMID: 36978492 PMCID: PMC10045242 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12030625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Fluoroquinolones have been studied for more than half a century. Since the 1960s, four generations of these synthetic antibiotics have been created and successfully introduced into clinical practice. However, they are still of interest for medicinal chemistry due to the wide possibilities for chemical modification, with subsequent useful changes in the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the initial molecules. This review summarizes the chemical and pharmacological results of fluoroquinolones hybridization by introducing different heterocyclic moieties into position 3 of the core system. It analyses the synthetic procedures and approaches to the formation of heterocycles from the fluoroquinolone carboxyl group and reveals the most convenient ways for such procedures. Further, the results of biological activity investigations for the obtained hybrid pharmacophore systems are presented. The latter revealed numerous promising molecules that can be further studied to overcome the problem of resistance to antibiotics, to find novel anticancer agents and more.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halyna Hryhoriv
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, National University of Pharmacy, 61002 Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Sergiy M Kovalenko
- Organic Chemistry Department, Karazin National University, 61022 Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Marine Georgiyants
- Department of Anesthesiology Intensive Therapy and Pediatrics Anesthesiology, Kharkiv National Medical University, 61022 Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Lyudmila Sidorenko
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, National University of Pharmacy, 61002 Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Victoriya Georgiyants
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, National University of Pharmacy, 61002 Kharkiv, Ukraine
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23
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Gao S, Sun Y, Lu Z, Jiang N, Yao H. Synergistic antibacterial and biofilm eradication activity of quaternary-ammonium compound with copper ion. J Inorg Biochem 2023; 243:112190. [PMID: 36965431 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2023.112190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotics overuse and misuse increase the emergence of multidrug-resistant bacterial strains, which often leads to the failure of conventional antibiotic therapies. Even worse, the tendency of bacteria to form biofilms further increases the therapeutic difficulty, because the extracellular matrix prevents the penetration of antibiotics and triggers bacterial tolerance. Therefore, developing novel antibacterial agents or therapeutic strategies with diverse antibacterial mechanisms and destruction of bacteria biofilm is a promising way to combat bacterial infections. In the present study, the combination of quaternary ammonium compound poly(diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride) (PDDA) with Cu2+ was screened out to fight common pathogenic Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) through multi-mechanisms. This combination appeared strong synergistic antibacterial activity, and the fractional inhibitory concentration index was as low as 0.032. The synergistic antibacterial mechanism involved the destruction of the membrane function, generation of intracellular reactive oxygen, and promotion more Cu2+ into the cytoplasm. Further, the combination of PDDA and Cu2+ reduced the extracellular polysaccharide matrix, meanwhile killing the bacteria embedded in the biofilm. The biocompatibility study in vitro revealed this combination exhibited low cytotoxicity and hemolysis ratio even at 8 times of minimum bactericidal concentration. This work provides a novel antibacterial agents combination with higher efficiency to fight planktonic and biofilm conditions of S. aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songtai Gao
- Research Center for Environmental Ecology and Engineering, School of Environmental Ecology and Biological Engineering, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Yujun Sun
- Research Center for Environmental Ecology and Engineering, School of Environmental Ecology and Biological Engineering, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Zhong Lu
- Research Center for Environmental Ecology and Engineering, School of Environmental Ecology and Biological Engineering, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China.
| | - Nan Jiang
- Research Center for Environmental Ecology and Engineering, School of Environmental Ecology and Biological Engineering, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Huaiying Yao
- Research Center for Environmental Ecology and Engineering, School of Environmental Ecology and Biological Engineering, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China; Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Urban Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, CAS Haixi Industrial Technology Innovation Center in Beilun, Ningbo 315830, China.
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24
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Dupati P, Sapuri‐Butti AR, Musini A, Narayan Singh H. Synthesis of New 2‐(Pyridin‐4‐yl)‐1H‐imidazo[4,5‐
b
]pyridine Derivatives:
In vitro
Antibacterial and
In silico
Screening. ChemistrySelect 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202204774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Praveen Dupati
- Department of Chemistry Mahatma Gandhi University Nalgonda Telangana State - 508254 India
| | | | - Anjaneyulu Musini
- Centre for Biotechnology Institute of Science and Technology Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Hyderabad Telangana State - 500085 India
| | - Himanshu Narayan Singh
- Department of Systems Biology Columbia University Irving Medical Centre 100032 New York USA
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25
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Zhang J, Battini N, Ou JM, Zhang SL, Zhang L, Zhou CH. New Efforts toward Aminothiazolylquinolones with Multitargeting Antibacterial Potential. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:2322-2332. [PMID: 36700862 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c08293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
New antibacterial 3-(aminothiazolyl)quinolones (ATQs) were designed and efficiently synthesized to counteract the growing multidrug resistance in animal husbandry. Bioactive assays manifested that N,N-dicyclohexylaminocarbonyl ATQ 10e and methyl ATQ 17a, respectively, showed better antibacterial behavior against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa than reference drug norfloxacin. Notably, highly active ATQ 17a with low hemolysis, negligible mammalian cytotoxicity, and good pharmacokinetic properties displayed low trends to induce resistance and synergistic combinations with norfloxacin. Preliminary mechanism exploration implied that representative ATQ 17a could inhibit the formation of biofilms and destroy bacterial membrane integrity, further binding to intracellular DNA and DNA gyrase to hinder bacterial DNA replication. ATQ 17a could also induce the production of excess reactive oxygen species and reduce bacterial metabolism to accelerate bacterial death. These results provided a promise for 3-(aminothiazolyl)quinolones as new potential multitargeting antibacterial agents to treat bacterial infection of animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Institute of Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Narsaiah Battini
- Institute of Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Jia-Ming Ou
- Institute of Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Shao-Lin Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, P. R. China
| | - Ling Zhang
- School of Chemical Technology, Shijiazhuang University, Shijiazhuang 050035, P. R. China
| | - Cheng-He Zhou
- Institute of Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
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26
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Jian Y, Peng Y, Zhou W, Xu Y, Li C, Wang X, Zhou Q. Ru(II) Complexes with Enaminone Structures for Rapid Sterilization of Staphylococcus aureus and MRSA with Little Accumulation of Drug Resistance. ChemMedChem 2023; 18:e202300065. [PMID: 36751034 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202300065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Drug-resistant bacteria, such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), pose a serious threat to human life. Therefore, there is urgent need to develop antibiotics with new chemical structures and antibacterial mechanisms, especially those that elicit little drug resistance after long-term use. Herein we synthesized three novel ruthenium complexes (Ru1-Ru3) containing the enaminone structures for the first time. At a concentration of 5 μM, Ru1-Ru3 can lead to a CFU reduction of about 5 log units towards S. aureus and MRSA. Interestingly, Ru3 displayed rapid bactericidal effects and could decrease the CFU numbers of both pathogens by 5 log units within 40 min. The control compounds (Ru4 and Ru5) without the enaminone structures displayed very poor antibacterial activity under the same conditions. Moreover, S. aureus did not show apparent drug resistance towards Ru3 after 20 passages incubation with a sublethal concentration. These results highlight the critical role of enaminone structures for antibacterial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Jian
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P.R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P.R. China
| | - Yatong Peng
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P.R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P.R. China
| | - Wanpeng Zhou
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P.R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P.R. China
| | - Yunli Xu
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P.R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P.R. China
| | - Chao Li
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P.R. China
| | - Xuesong Wang
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P.R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P.R. China
| | - Qianxiong Zhou
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P.R. China
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27
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Swedan HK, Kassab AE, Gedawy EM, Elmeligie SE. Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of novel ciprofloxacin derivatives as potential anticancer agents targeting topoisomerase II enzyme. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2023; 38:118-137. [PMID: 36305290 PMCID: PMC9635472 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2022.2136172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of novel ciprofloxacin (CP) derivatives substituted at the N-4 position with biologically active moieties were designed and synthesised. 14 compounds were 1.02- to 8.66-fold more potent than doxorubicin against T-24 cancer cells. Ten compounds were 1.2- to 7.1-fold more potent than doxorubicin against PC-3 cancer cells. The most potent compounds 6, 7a, 7b, 8a, 9a, and 10c showed significant Topo II inhibitory activity (83-90% at 100 μM concentration). Compounds 6, 8a, and 10c were 1.01- to 2.32-fold more potent than doxorubicin. Compounds 6 and 8a induced apoptosis in T-24 (16.8- and 20.1-fold, respectively compared to control). This evidence was supported by an increase in the level of apoptotic caspase-3 (5.23- and 7.6-fold, sequentially). Both compounds arrested the cell cycle in the S phase in T-24 cancer cells while in PC-3 cancer cells the two compounds arrested the cell cycle in the G1 phase. Molecular docking simulations of compounds 6 and 8a into the Topo II active site rationalised their remarkable Topo II inhibitory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadeer K. Swedan
- Central Administration of Research and Health Development, Ministry of Health, and Population (MoHP), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Asmaa E. Kassab
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ehab M. Gedawy
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Industries, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Egypt
| | - Salwa E. Elmeligie
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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28
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Wang L, Zheng Y, Zhou X, Wang H, Yan Q, Wang W, Chen F. Synthesis of α-Aryl Nitriles via Nucleophilic Substitution of α-Cyanohydrin Methanesulfonates with Malonates. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202208029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
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29
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Yang XC, Zeng CM, Avula SR, Peng XM, Geng RX, Zhou CH. Novel coumarin aminophosphonates as potential multitargeting antibacterial agents against Staphylococcus aureus. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 245:114891. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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30
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Zhang P, Tangadanchu VKR, Zhou C. Identification of Novel Antifungal Skeleton of Hydroxyethyl Naphthalimides with Synergistic Potential for Chemical and Dynamic Treatments. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27238453. [PMID: 36500547 PMCID: PMC9739515 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The invasion of pathogenic fungi poses nonnegligible threats to the human health and agricultural industry. This work exploited a family of hydroxyethyl naphthalimides as novel antifungal species with synergistic potential of chemical and dynamic treatment to combat the fungal resistance. These prepared naphthalimides showed better antifungal potency than fluconazole towards some tested fungi including Aspergillus fumigatus, Candida tropicalis and Candida parapsilosis 22019. Especially, thioether benzimidazole derivative 7f with excellent anti-Candida tropicalis efficacy (MIC = 4 μg/mL) possessed low cytotoxicity, safe hemolysis level and less susceptibility to induce resistance. Biochemical interactions displayed that 7f could form a supramolecular complex with DNA to block DNA replication, and constitute a biosupermolecule with cytochrome P450 reductase (CPR) from Candida tropicalis to hinder CPR biological function. Additionally, 7f presented strong lipase affinity, which facilitated its permeation into cell membrane. Moreover, 7f with dynamic antifungal potency promoted the production and accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cells, which destroyed the antioxidant defence system, led to oxidative stress with lipid peroxidation, loss of glutathione, membrane dysfunction and metabolic inactivation, and eventually caused cell death. The chemical and dynamic antifungal synergistic effect initiated by hydroxyethyl naphthalimides was a reasonable treatment window for prospective development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengli Zhang
- Institute of Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan 528400, China
- Drug Discovery and Development Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Vijai Kumar Reddy Tangadanchu
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Correspondence: (V.K.R.T.); (C.Z.)
| | - Chenghe Zhou
- Institute of Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Correspondence: (V.K.R.T.); (C.Z.)
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31
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Zhang PL, Laiche MH, Li YL, Gao WW, Lin JM, Zhou CH. An unanticipated discovery of novel naphthalimidopropanediols as potential broad-spectrum antibacterial members. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 241:114657. [PMID: 35964427 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Constructing a new antibacterial structural framework is an effective strategy to combat drug resistance. This work discovered a class of naphthalimidopropanediols (NIOLs) as a novel structural type of potential broad-spectrum antibacterial agents. Especially, NIOLs 9u, 12i, 15 against Staphylococcus aureus and NIOLs 9l, 13a against Pseudomonas aeruginosa showed excellent inhibitory activities, and they displayed high membrane selectivity from an electrostatic distinction on the membranes between bacteria and mammalian cells. These highly active NIOLs could effectually inhibit the bacterial growths, and relieve the resistance developments. Moreover, the facts of membrane depolarization, outer/inner membrane permeabilization and leakage of intracellular materials, demonstrated that these NIOLs could target and destroy the S. aureus or P. aeruginosa membranes. In particular, they could disrupt the antioxidant defense systems of S. aureus or P. aeruginosa through up-regulation of reactive oxygen species. Simultaneously, they could render the metabolic inactivation of the tested strains, and eradicate the formed biofilms and efficiently kill the strains within the biofilms. The in vitro and in vivo cytotoxicity assay indicated that these compounds possessed low toxicity. These findings of novel NIOLs as potential broad-spectrum antibacterial members provided a bright hope for conquering drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Li Zhang
- Institute of Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Mouna Hind Laiche
- Institute of Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yan-Liang Li
- Institute of Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Wei-Wei Gao
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China.
| | - Jian-Mei Lin
- Department of Infections, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, China.
| | - Cheng-He Zhou
- Institute of Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
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32
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Singh A, Malhotra D, Singh K, Chadha R, Bedi PMS. Thiazole derivatives in medicinal chemistry: Recent advancements in synthetic strategies, structure activity relationship and pharmacological outcomes. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.133479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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33
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Zhang X, Yang Z, Xu H, Liu Y, Yang X, Sun T, Lu X, Shi F, Yang Q, Chen W, Duan H, Ling Y. Synthesis, Antifungal Activity, and 3D-QASR of Novel 1,2,3,4-Tetrahydroquinoline Derivatives Containing a Pyrimidine Ether Scaffold as Chitin Synthase Inhibitors. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:9262-9275. [PMID: 35862625 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c01348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The introduction of active groups of natural products into the framework of pesticide molecules is an effective approach for discovering active lead compounds, and thus has been widely used in the development of new agrochemicals. In this work, a novel series of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline derivatives containing a pyrimidine ether scaffold were designed and synthesized by the active substructure splicing method. The new compounds showed good antifungal activities against several fungi. Especially, compound 4fh displayed excellent in vitro activity against Valsa mali and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum with EC50 values of 0.71 and 2.47 μg/mL, respectively. 4fh had slightly stronger inhibitory activity (68.08% at 50 μM) against chitin synthase (CHS) than that of polyoxin D (63.84% at 50 μM) and exhibited obvious curative and protective effects on S. sclerotiorum in vivo. Thus, 4fh can be considered as a new candidate fungicide as a chitin synthase inhibitor. An accurate and reliable three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship (3D-QSAR) model presented a useful direction for the further excogitation of more highly active fungicides. Molecular docking revealed that the conventional hydrogen bond mainly affected the binding affinity of 4fh with chitin synthase. The present results will provide a guidance to discover potential CHS-based fungicides for plant disease control in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Zhang
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhaokai Yang
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Huan Xu
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yuansheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xinling Yang
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Tengda Sun
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xingxing Lu
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Fasheng Shi
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qing Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hongxia Duan
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yun Ling
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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34
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Yang X, Syed R, Fang B, Zhou C. A new discovery towards novel skeleton of benzimidazole‐conjugated pyrimidinones as unique effective antibacterial agents. CHINESE J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202200326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xi Yang
- Institute of Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Southwest University Chongqing 400715 China
| | - Rasheed Syed
- Institute of Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Southwest University Chongqing 400715 China
| | - Bo Fang
- College of Pharmacy, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Targeted and Innovative Therapeutics, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Kinase Modulators as Innovative Medicine Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences Chongqing 402160 China
| | - Cheng‐He Zhou
- Institute of Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Southwest University Chongqing 400715 China
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35
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Tan YM, Li D, Li FF, Fawad Ansari M, Fang B, Zhou CH. Pyrimidine-conjugated fluoroquinolones as new potential broad-spectrum antibacterial agents. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2022; 73:128885. [PMID: 35835379 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2022.128885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Pyrimidine-conjugated fluoroquinolones were constructed to cope with the dreadful resistance. Most of the target pyrimidine derivatives effectively suppressed the growth of the tested strains, especially, 4-aminopyrimidinyl compound 1c showed a broad antibacterial spectrum and low cytotoxicity and exhibited superior antibacterial potency against Enterococcus faecalis with a low MIC of 0.25 μg/mL to norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin. The active compound 1c with fast bactericidal potency could inhibit the formation of biofilms and showed much lower trend for the development of drug-resistance than norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin. Further exploration revealed that compound 1c could prompt ROS accumulations in bacterial cells and interact with DNA to form a DNA-1c complex, thus facilitating bacterial death. ADME analysis indicated that compound 1c possessed favorable drug-likeness and promising pharmacokinetic properties. These results demonstrated that pyrimidine-conjugated fluoroquinolones held hope as potential antibacterial candidates and deserve further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Min Tan
- Institute of Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Di Li
- Institute of Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Fen-Fen Li
- Institute of Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Mohammad Fawad Ansari
- Institute of Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Bo Fang
- College of Pharmacy, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Targeted and Innovative Therapeutics, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Kinase Modulators as Innovative Medicine, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, PR China.
| | - Cheng-He Zhou
- Institute of Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China.
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36
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Yang XC, Hu CF, Zhang PL, Li S, Hu CS, Geng RX, Zhou CH. Coumarin thiazoles as unique structural skeleton of potential antimicrobial agents. Bioorg Chem 2022; 124:105855. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.105855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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37
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Li FF, Zhao WH, Tangadanchu VKR, Meng JP, Zhou CH. Discovery of novel phenylhydrazone-based oxindole-thiolazoles as potent antibacterial agents toward Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 239:114521. [PMID: 35716514 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
With the soaring of bacterial infection and drug resistance, it is imperative to exploit new efficient antibacterial agents. This work constructed a series of unique phenylhydrazone-based oxindole-thiolazoles to combat monstrous bacterial resistance. Some target molecules showed potent antibacterial activity, among which oxindole-thiolimidazole derived carboxyphenylhydrazone 4e exhibited an 8-fold stronger inhibitory ability than norfloxacin on the growth of P. aeruginosa, with MIC value of 1 μg/mL. Compound 4e with imperceptible hemolysis could hamper bacterial biofilm formation and significantly impede the development of bacterial resistance. Subsequent mechanism studies demonstrated that 4e could destruct bacterial cytoplasmic membrane, causing the leakage of cellular contents (protein and nucleic acid). Moreover, metabolic stagnation and intracellular oxidative stress caused by 4e expedited the death of bacteria. Furthermore, molecule 4e existed supramolecular interactions with DNA to block DNA proliferation. These research results provided a promising light for phenylhydrazone-based oxindole-thiolazoles as novel potential antibacterial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fen-Fen Li
- Institute of Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Wen-Hao Zhao
- Institute of Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Vijai Kumar Reddy Tangadanchu
- Institute of Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Jiang-Ping Meng
- College of Pharmacy, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Targeted and Innovative Therapeutics, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Kinase Modulators As Innovative Medicine, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing, 402160, China.
| | - Cheng-He Zhou
- Institute of Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
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38
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Novel metronidazole-derived three-component hybrids as promising broad-spectrum agents to combat oppressive bacterial resistance. Bioorg Chem 2022; 122:105718. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.105718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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39
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Xie YP, Sangaraiah N, Meng JP, Zhou CH. Unique Carbazole-Oxadiazole Derivatives as New Potential Antibiotics for Combating Gram-Positive and -Negative Bacteria. J Med Chem 2022; 65:6171-6190. [PMID: 35389643 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Novel carbazole-oxadiazoles were developed as new potential antibacterial agents to combat dreadful resistance. Some target compounds displayed predominant inhibitory effects on the tested Gram-positive and -negative bacteria, and carbazole-oxadiazoles 5g, 5i-k, 16a-c, and tetrazole analogues 23b-c were found to be efficient in impeding the growth of MRSA and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 (MICs = 0.25-4 μg/mL). Furthermore, compounds 5g and 23b-c not only possessed rapid bactericidal ability and low tendency to develop resistance but also exhibited low cytotoxic effects toward Hek 293T, HeLa, and red blood cells (RBCs), especially molecule 5g also showed low toxicity in vivo, which showed the therapeutic potential of these compounds. Further exploration indicated that compounds 5g, 5i, and 23b-c could disintegrate the integrity of bacterial cell membranes to leak the cytoplasmic contents, thus exerting excellent antibacterial effects. These facts mean that carbazole-based antibacterial agents might have bright prospects in confronting bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Peng Xie
- Institute of Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China
| | - Nagarajan Sangaraiah
- Institute of Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China
| | - Jiang-Ping Meng
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Targeted and Innovative Therapeutics, IATTI, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, P. R. China
| | - Cheng-He Zhou
- Institute of Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China
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40
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Ribeiro AI, Dias AM, Zille A. Synergistic Effects Between Metal Nanoparticles and Commercial Antimicrobial Agents: A Review. ACS APPLIED NANO MATERIALS 2022; 5:3030-3064. [PMID: 36568315 PMCID: PMC9773423 DOI: 10.1021/acsanm.1c03891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Nanotechnology has expanded into a broad range of clinical applications. In particular, metal nanoparticles (MNPs) display unique antimicrobial properties, a fundamental function of novel medical devices. The combination of MNPs with commercial antimicrobial drugs (e.g., antibiotics, antifungals, and antivirals) may offer several opportunities to overcome some disadvantages of their individual use and enhance effectiveness. MNP conjugates display multiple advantages. As drug delivery systems, the conjugates can extend the circulation of the drugs in the body, facilitate intercellular targeting, improve drug stabilization, and possess superior delivery. Concomitantly, they reduce the required drug dose, minimize toxicity, and broaden the antimicrobial spectrum. In this work, the common strategies to combine MNPs with clinically used antimicrobial agents are underscored. Furthermore, a comprehensive survey about synergistic antimicrobial effects, the mechanism of action, and cytotoxicity is depicted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Isabel Ribeiro
- 2C2T
- Centre for Textile Science and Technology, Department of Textile
Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Azurém, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Alice Maria Dias
- Centre
of Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University
of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Andrea Zille
- 2C2T
- Centre for Textile Science and Technology, Department of Textile
Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Azurém, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal
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41
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Yang XC, Zhang PL, Kumar KV, Li S, Geng RX, Zhou CH. Discovery of unique thiazolidinone-conjugated coumarins as novel broad spectrum antibacterial agents. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 232:114192. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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42
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Yang X, Sun H, Maddili SK, Li S, Yang RG, Zhou CH. Dihydropyrimidinone imidazoles as unique structural antibacterial agents for drug-resistant gram-negative pathogens. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 232:114188. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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43
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Hu Y, Zhang L, Huang J, Wang T, Zhang J, Yu C, Pan G, Zhang L, Zhu Z, Zhang J. Novel Schiff Base‐conjugated
para
‐Aminobenzenesulfonamide Indole Hybrids as Potentially Muti‐targeting Blockers against
Staphylococcus aureus. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202100737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Hu
- Sauvage Laboratory for Smart Materials Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen) Shenzhen 518055 P. R. China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology School of Materials Science and Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen 518055 P. R. China
| | - Ling Zhang
- School of Science Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen 518055 P. R. China
| | - Jinxu Huang
- Sauvage Laboratory for Smart Materials Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen) Shenzhen 518055 P. R. China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology School of Materials Science and Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen 518055 P. R. China
| | - Tiansheng Wang
- Sauvage Laboratory for Smart Materials Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen) Shenzhen 518055 P. R. China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology School of Materials Science and Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen 518055 P. R. China
| | - Jichuan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry University of Idaho Moscow Idaho 83844-2324 USA
| | - Congwei Yu
- College of Science China Agricultural University Beijing 100193 P. R. China
| | - Guangxing Pan
- Sauvage Laboratory for Smart Materials Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen) Shenzhen 518055 P. R. China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology School of Materials Science and Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen 518055 P. R. China
| | - Ling Zhang
- School of Chemical Technology Shijiazhuang University Shijiazhuang Hebei 050035 P. R. China
| | - Zhenye Zhu
- Sauvage Laboratory for Smart Materials Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen) Shenzhen 518055 P. R. China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology School of Materials Science and Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen 518055 P. R. China
| | - Jiaheng Zhang
- Sauvage Laboratory for Smart Materials Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen) Shenzhen 518055 P. R. China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology School of Materials Science and Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen 518055 P. R. China
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44
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Silva VLM, Pinto DCGA, Santos CMM, Rocha DHA. 15.4.5 Quinolinones and Related Systems (Update 2022). KNOWLEDGE UPDATES 2022/3 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/sos-sd-115-01218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2025]
Abstract
AbstractQuinolinones, of which the quinolin-4(1H)-one ring system can be highlighted, represent an exciting class of nitrogen heterocycles. The quinolinone motif can be found in many natural compounds and approved drugs for several diseases. This chapter is a comprehensive survey of the methods for the synthesis of quinolin-2(1H)-ones, quinolin-4(1H)-ones, and their thio- and amino derivatives, and is an update to the previous Science of Synthesis chapter (Section 15.4), covering the period between 2003 and 2020.
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45
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Sun H, Huang SY, Jeyakkumar P, Cai GX, Fang B, Zhou CH. Natural Berberine-derived Azolyl Ethanols as New Structural Antibacterial Agents against Drug-Resistant Escherichia coli. J Med Chem 2021; 65:436-459. [PMID: 34964345 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Natural berberine-derived azolyl ethanols as new structural antibacterial agents were designed and synthesized for fighting with dreadful bacterial resistance. Partial target molecules exhibited potent activity against the tested strains, particularly, nitroimidazole derivative 4d and benzothiazole-2-thoil compound 18b, with low cytotoxicity both exerted strong antibacterial activities against multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli at low concentrations as 0.007 and 0.006 mM, respectively. Meanwhile, the active compounds 4d and 18b possessed the ability to rapidly kill bacteria and observably eradicate the E. coli biofilm by reducing exopolysaccharide content to prevent bacterial adhesion, which was conducive to alleviating the development of E. coli resistance. Preliminary mechanistic explorations suggested that the excellent antibacterial potential of molecules 4d and 18b might be attributed to their ability to disintegrate membrane, accelerate ROS accumulation, reduce bacterial metabolism, and intercalate into DNA groove. These results provided powerful information for the further exploitation of natural berberine derivatives against bacterial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Sun
- Institute of Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Shi-Yu Huang
- Institute of Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Ponmani Jeyakkumar
- Institute of Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Gui-Xin Cai
- Institute of Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Bo Fang
- College of Pharmacy, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Targeted and Innovative Therapeutics, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Kinase Modulators as Innovative Medicine, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing, 402160, China
| | - Cheng-He Zhou
- Institute of Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
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46
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Zhang PL, Gopala L, Zhang SL, Cai GX, Zhou CH. An unanticipated discovery towards novel naphthalimide corbelled aminothiazoximes as potential anti-MRSA agents and allosteric modulators for PBP2a. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 229:114050. [PMID: 34922190 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.114050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Available therapeutic strategies are urgently needed to conquer multidrug resistance of MRSA. A visible effort was guided towards the advancement of novel antibacterial framework of naphthalimide corbelled aminothiazoximes, and desired to assert some insight on the conjunction of individual pharmacophore with distinct biological activities and unique action mechanism. Preliminary assessment displayed that dimethylenediamine derivative 13d presented a wonderful inhibition on MRSA (MIC = 0.5 μg/mL), and showed excellent membrane selectivity (HC50 > 200 μg/mL) from an electrostatic distinction of the electronegative bacterial membranes and the electroneutral mammalian membranes. Moreover, 13d could effectually relieve the development of MRSA resistance. Investigations into explaining the mechanism of anti-MRSA disclosed that 13d displayed strong lipase affinity, which facilitated its permeation into cell membrane, causing membrane depolarization, leakage of cytoplasmic contents and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) inhibition. Meanwhile, 13d could exert interaction with DNA to hinder biological function of DNA, and disrupt the antioxidant defense system of MRSA through up-regulation of ROS subjected the strain to oxidative stress. In particular, the unanticipated mechanism for naphthalimide corbelled aminothiazoximes that 13d could suppress the expression of PBP2a by inducing allosteric modulation of PBP2a and triggering the open of the active site, was discovered for the first time. These findings of naphthalimide corbelled aminothiazoximes as a small-molecule class of anti-MRSA agents held promise in strategies for treatment of MRSA infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Li Zhang
- Institute of Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Lavanya Gopala
- Institute of Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Shao-Lin Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China.
| | - Gui-Xin Cai
- Institute of Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
| | - Cheng-He Zhou
- Institute of Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
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47
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Identification of a novel antifungal backbone of naphthalimide thiazoles with synergistic potential for chemical and dynamic treatment. Future Med Chem 2021; 13:2047-2067. [PMID: 34672778 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2021-0162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The high incidence and prevalence of fungal infections call for new antifungal drugs. This work was to develop naphthalimide thiazoles as potential antifungal agents. Results & methodology: These compounds showed significant antifungal potency toward some tested fungi. Especially, naphthalimide thiazole 4h with excellent anti-Candida tropicalis efficacy possessed good hemolysis level, low toxicity and no obvious resistance. Deciphering the mechanism showed that 4h interacted with DNA and disrupted the antioxidant defense system of C. tropicalis. Compound 4h also triggered membrane depolarization, leakage of cytoplasmic contents and LDH inhibition. Simultaneously, 4h rendered metabolic inactivation and eradicated the formed biofilms of C. tropicalis. Conclusion: The multifaceted synergistic effect initiated by naphthalimide thiazoles is a reasonable treatment window for prospective development.
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48
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Munzeiwa WA, Oladipo SD, Ibeji CU, Mocktar C, Omondi B. Copper(II)-N-hydroxy-N,N'-diarylformamidine complexes: Synthesis, crystal structures, antibacterial and molecular docking studies. J Inorg Biochem 2021; 225:111600. [PMID: 34507122 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
A series of Cu(II) complexes were synthesized by using N-hydroxy-N,N'-diarylformamidine ligands: N-hydroxy-N,N'-(phenyl)formamidine (L1), N-hydroxy-N'-(4-methylphenyl)formamidine (L2), N-hydroxy-N,N'-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)formamidine (L3), N-hydroxy-N,N'-(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)formamidine (L4). Reaction of ligands L1-L4 with hydrated copper acetate furnished mononuclear Cu(II) complexes 1-4 with general formula [Cu-(L)2]. The molecular structures of complexes 3 and 4, as determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction, showed both to have square planar geometry with a near C2 symmetry. The antimicrobial potency of all four complexes was evaluated against three gram-(-) bacteria (S. typhimurium, P. aeruginosa, and E. coli) and two gram-(+) bacteria (Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and S. aureus), with ciprofloxacin as the reference drug. All tested complexes were inactive against gram-(+) bacteria strains except for complex 1, which displayed excellent activity when compared to the reference. Molecular docking studies showed that hydrogen bonding, pi-sigma and van der Waals interactions are prominent complex-protein connections, with complex 2 displaying good binding affinities with the studied biological targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wisdom A Munzeiwa
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Westville Campus, University of Kwazulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa; Chemistry Department, Bindura University of Science Education, P Bag 1020, Bindura, Zimbabwe
| | - Segun D Oladipo
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Westville Campus, University of Kwazulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Collins U Ibeji
- Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Chunderika Mocktar
- Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of Kwazulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Bernard Omondi
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Pietermaritzburg Campus, University of Kwazulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa.
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49
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Bheemanaboina RRY, Wang J, Hu YY, Meng JP, Guan Z, Zhou CH. A facile reaction to access novel structural sulfonyl-hybridized imidazolyl ethanols as potential DNA-targeting antibacterial agents. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2021; 47:128198. [PMID: 34119615 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2021.128198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A novel type of sulfonyl-hybridized imidazolyl ethanols as potential DNA-targeting antibacterial agents was constructed via the unique ring-opened reaction of oxiranes by imidazoles for the first time. Some developed target hybrids showed potential antimicrobial potency against the tested microbes. Especially, imidazole derivative 5f could strongly suppressed the growth of MRSA (MIC = 4 μg/mL), which was 2-fold and 16-fold more potent than the positive control sulfathiazole and norfloxacin. This compound exhibited quite low propensity to induce bacterial resistance. Antibacterial mechanism exploration indicated that compound 5f could embed in MRSA DNA to form steady 5f-DNA complex, which possibly hinder DNA replication to exert antimicrobial behavior. Molecular docking showed that molecule 5f could bind with dihydrofolate synthetase through hydrogen bonds. These results implied that imidazole derivative 5f could be served as a promising molecule for the exploration of novel antibacterial candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rammohan R Yadav Bheemanaboina
- Institute of Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Institute of Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Hu
- Institute of Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Jiang-Ping Meng
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Targeted and Innovative Therapeutics, IATTI, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, China.
| | - Zhi Guan
- Institute of Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Cheng-He Zhou
- Institute of Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
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50
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Jia Y, Zhao L. The antibacterial activity of fluoroquinolone derivatives: An update (2018-2021). Eur J Med Chem 2021; 224:113741. [PMID: 34365130 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial infection is amongst the most common diseases in community and hospital settings. Fluoroquinolones, exerting the antibacterial activity through binding to type II bacterial topoisomerase enzymes, DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV, are mainstays of chemotherapy. At present, fluoroquinolones are the most valuable antibacterial agents used popularly. However, the emergence of more virulent and resistant pathogens by the development of either mutated DNA-binding proteins or efflux pump mechanism for fluoroquinolones results in an urgent demand to develop new fluoroquinolones to withstand the drug resistance and to obtain a broader spectrum of activity. This review aims to outline the recent advances of fluoroquinolone derivatives with antibacterial potential and to summarize the structure-activity relationship (SAR) so as to provide an insight for rational design of more active candidates, covering articles published between January 2018 and June 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanshu Jia
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Quest International University Perak, Ipoh, 30250, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Liyan Zhao
- Department of Paediatrics, Zhuji Affiliated Hospital of Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, China.
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