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Cools R, Kerkhofs K, Leitao RCF, Bormans G. Preclinical Evaluation of Novel PET Probes for Dementia. Semin Nucl Med 2023; 53:599-629. [PMID: 37149435 DOI: 10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2023.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The development of novel PET imaging agents that selectively bind specific dementia-related targets can contribute significantly to accurate, differential and early diagnosis of dementia causing diseases and support the development of therapeutic agents. Consequently, in recent years there has been a growing body of literature describing the development and evaluation of potential new promising PET tracers for dementia. This review article provides a comprehensive overview of novel dementia PET probes under development, classified by their target, and pinpoints their preclinical evaluation pathway, typically involving in silico, in vitro and ex/in vivo evaluation. Specific target-associated challenges and pitfalls, requiring extensive and well-designed preclinical experimental evaluation assays to enable successful clinical translation and avoid shortcomings observed for previously developed 'well-established' dementia PET tracers are highlighted in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romy Cools
- Laboratory for Radiopharmaceutical Research, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kobe Kerkhofs
- Laboratory for Radiopharmaceutical Research, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; NURA, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK CEN), Mol, Belgium
| | - Renan C F Leitao
- Laboratory for Radiopharmaceutical Research, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Guy Bormans
- Laboratory for Radiopharmaceutical Research, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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Giraudo A, Pallavicini M, Bolchi C. Small molecule ligands for α9* and α7 nicotinic receptors: a survey and an update, respectively. Pharmacol Res 2023; 193:106801. [PMID: 37236412 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The α9- and α7-containing nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) mediate numerous physiological and pathological processes by complex mechanisms that are currently the subject of intensive study and debate. In this regard, selective ligands serve as invaluable investigative tools and, in many cases, potential therapeutics for the treatment of various CNS disfunctions and diseases, neuropathic pain, inflammation, and cancer. However, the present scenario differs significantly between the two aforementioned nicotinic subtypes. Over the past few decades, a large number of selective α7-nAChR ligands, including full, partial and silent agonists, antagonists, and allosteric modulators, have been described and reviewed. Conversely, reports on selective α9-containing nAChR ligands are relatively scarce, also due to a more recent characterization of this receptor subtype, and hardly any focusing on small molecules. In this review, we focus on the latter, providing a comprehensive overview, while providing only an update over the last five years for α7-nAChR ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Giraudo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, via Mangiagalli 25, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Marco Pallavicini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, via Mangiagalli 25, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Cristiano Bolchi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, via Mangiagalli 25, I-20133 Milano, Italy.
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Zak A, Lemaire L, Chalon S, Chicheri G, Marzag H, Bodard S, Sérrière S, Routier S, Buron F, Vercouillie J. [ 18 F]-labeled positron emission tomography ligand for the histamine H4 receptor. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2021; 64:363-372. [PMID: 34089268 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
We synthesized 5-[18 F]-fluoro-1H-indol-2-yl)(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)methanone ([18 F]5) via a Suzuki approach starting from a protected pinacol borane precursor followed by acidic hydrolysis of the t-Boc protecting group. The non-optimized radiochemical yield was 5.7 ± 1.35%, radiochemical purity was over 99%, and molar activity was 100.7 ± 34.5 GBq/μmol (n = 3). [18 F]5 was stable in rat plasma for at least 4 h and was evaluated by μPET imaging and biodistribution using a unilateral quinolinic acid rat model of neuroinflammation. The time-activity curve showed that [18 F]5 entered the brain immediately after intravenous injection and then left it progressively with a very low level reached from 30 min after injection. The biodistribution study showed no difference in the accumulation of [18 F]5 between the lesioned and intact side of the brain and between control rats and animals pretreated with a saturating dose of JNJ-7777120 as a specific H4R antagonist. Hence, despite its in vitro nanomolar affinity for H4R, and its ability to cross the blood-brain barrier in rats, [18 F]5 does not appear suitable to image in vivo the receptor by PET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Zak
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique, Université d'Orléans, UMR CNRS 7311, Orléans, France
| | - Lucas Lemaire
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique, Université d'Orléans, UMR CNRS 7311, Orléans, France
| | - Sylvie Chalon
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, Tours, France
| | - Gabrielle Chicheri
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, Tours, France.,CERRP, Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Hamid Marzag
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique, Université d'Orléans, UMR CNRS 7311, Orléans, France
| | - Sylvie Bodard
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, Tours, France
| | - Sophie Sérrière
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, Tours, France
| | - Sylvain Routier
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique, Université d'Orléans, UMR CNRS 7311, Orléans, France
| | - Frédéric Buron
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique, Université d'Orléans, UMR CNRS 7311, Orléans, France
| | - Johnny Vercouillie
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, Tours, France.,CERRP, Université de Tours, Tours, France.,INSERM CIC 1415, University Hospital, Tours, France
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Donat CK, Hansen HH, Hansen HD, Mease RC, Horti AG, Pomper MG, L’Estrade ET, Herth MM, Peters D, Knudsen GM, Mikkelsen JD. In Vitro and In Vivo Characterization of Dibenzothiophene Derivatives [ 125I]Iodo-ASEM and [ 18F]ASEM as Radiotracers of Homo- and Heteromeric α7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25061425. [PMID: 32245032 PMCID: PMC7144377 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25061425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7 nAChR) is involved in several cognitive and physiologic processes; its expression levels and patterns change in neurologic and psychiatric diseases, such as schizophrenia and Alzheimer’s disease, which makes it a relevant drug target. Development of selective radioligands is important for defining binding properties and occupancy of novel molecules targeting the receptor. We tested the in vitro binding properties of [125I]Iodo-ASEM [(3-(1,4-diazabycyclo[3.2.2]nonan-4-yl)-6-(125I-iododibenzo[b,d]thiopentene 5,5-dioxide)] in the mouse, rat and pig brain using autoradiography. The in vivo binding properties of [18F]ASEM were investigated using positron emission tomography (PET) in the pig brain. [125I]Iodo-ASEM showed specific and displaceable high affinity (~1 nM) binding in mouse, rat, and pig brain. Binding pattern overlapped with [125I]α-bungarotoxin, specific binding was absent in α7 nAChR gene-deficient mice and binding was blocked by a range of α7 nAChR orthosteric modulators in an affinity-dependent order in the pig brain. Interestingly, relative to the wild-type, binding in β2 nAChR gene-deficient mice was lower for [125I]Iodo-ASEM (58% ± 2.7%) than [125I]α-bungarotoxin (23% ± 0.2%), potentially indicating different binding properties to heteromeric α7β2 nAChR. [18F]ASEM PET in the pig showed high brain uptake and reversible tracer kinetics with a similar spatial distribution as previously reported for α7 nAChR. Blocking with SSR-180,711 resulted in a significant decrease in [18F]ASEM binding. Our findings indicate that [125I]Iodo-ASEM allows sensitive and selective imaging of α7 nAChR in vitro, with better signal-to-noise ratio than previous tracers. Preliminary data of [18F]ASEM in the pig brain demonstrated principal suitable kinetic properties for in vivo quantification of α7 nAChR, comparable to previously published data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelius K. Donat
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (H.H.H.); (H.D.H.); (E.T.L.); (G.M.K.)
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London W12 0 LS, UK
- Correspondence: (C.K.D.); (J.D.M.); Tel.: +45-40205378 (J.D.M)
| | - Henrik H. Hansen
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (H.H.H.); (H.D.H.); (E.T.L.); (G.M.K.)
| | - Hanne D. Hansen
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (H.H.H.); (H.D.H.); (E.T.L.); (G.M.K.)
| | - Ronnie C. Mease
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; (R.C.M.); (A.G.H.); (M.G.P.)
| | - Andrew G. Horti
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; (R.C.M.); (A.G.H.); (M.G.P.)
| | - Martin G. Pomper
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; (R.C.M.); (A.G.H.); (M.G.P.)
| | - Elina T. L’Estrade
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (H.H.H.); (H.D.H.); (E.T.L.); (G.M.K.)
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 162, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark;
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Matthias M. Herth
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 162, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark;
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Gitte M. Knudsen
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (H.H.H.); (H.D.H.); (E.T.L.); (G.M.K.)
| | - Jens D. Mikkelsen
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (H.H.H.); (H.D.H.); (E.T.L.); (G.M.K.)
- Correspondence: (C.K.D.); (J.D.M.); Tel.: +45-40205378 (J.D.M)
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