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Giorgioni G, Bonifazi A, Botticelli L, Cifani C, Matteucci F, Micioni Di Bonaventura E, Micioni Di Bonaventura MV, Giannella M, Piergentili A, Piergentili A, Quaglia W, Del Bello F. Advances in drug design and therapeutic potential of selective or multitarget 5-HT1A receptor ligands. Med Res Rev 2024. [PMID: 38808959 DOI: 10.1002/med.22049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
5-HT1A receptor (5-HT1A-R) is a serotoninergic G-protein coupled receptor subtype which contributes to several physiological processes in both central nervous system and periphery. Despite being the first 5-HT-R identified, cloned and studied, it still represents a very attractive target in drug discovery and continues to be the focus of a myriad of drug discovery campaigns due to its involvement in numerous neuropsychiatric disorders. The structure-activity relationship studies (SAR) performed over the last years have been devoted to three main goals: (i) design and synthesis of 5-HT1A-R selective/preferential ligands; (ii) identification of 5-HT1A-R biased agonists, differentiating pre- versus post-synaptic agonism and signaling cellular mechanisms; (iii) development of multitarget compounds endowed with well-defined poly-pharmacological profiles targeting 5-HT1A-R along with other serotonin receptors, serotonin transporter (SERT), D2-like receptors and/or enzymes, such as acetylcholinesterase and phosphodiesterase, as a promising strategy for the management of complex psychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders. In this review, medicinal chemistry aspects of ligands acting as selective/preferential or multitarget 5-HT1A-R agonists and antagonists belonging to different chemotypes and developed in the last 7 years (2017-2023) have been discussed. The development of chemical and pharmacological 5-HT1A-R tools for molecular imaging have also been described. Finally, the pharmacological interest of 5-HT1A-R and the therapeutic potential of ligands targeting this receptor have been considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianfabio Giorgioni
- Medicinal Chemistry Unit, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Alessandro Bonifazi
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse - Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Luca Botticelli
- Pharmacology Unit, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Carlo Cifani
- Pharmacology Unit, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Federica Matteucci
- Medicinal Chemistry Unit, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | | | | | - Mario Giannella
- Medicinal Chemistry Unit, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | | | - Alessia Piergentili
- Medicinal Chemistry Unit, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Wilma Quaglia
- Medicinal Chemistry Unit, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Fabio Del Bello
- Medicinal Chemistry Unit, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
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Jastrzębski MK, Wójcik P, Stępnicki P, Kaczor AA. Effects of small molecules on neurogenesis: Neuronal proliferation and differentiation. Acta Pharm Sin B 2024; 14:20-37. [PMID: 38239239 PMCID: PMC10793103 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2023.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurons are believed to be non-proliferating cells. However, neuronal stem cells are still present in certain areas of the adult brain, although their proliferation diminishes with age. Just as with other cells, their proliferation and differentiation are modulated by various mechanisms. These mechanisms are foundational to the strategies developed to induce neuronal proliferation and differentiation, with potential therapeutic applications for neurodegenerative diseases. The most common among these diseases are Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease, associated with the formation of β -amyloid (Aβ ) aggregates which cause a reduction in the number of neurons. Compounds such as LiCl, 4-aminothiazoles, Pregnenolone, ACEA, harmine, D2AAK1, methyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate, and shikonin may induce neuronal proliferation/differentiation through the activation of pathways: MAPK ERK, PI3K/AKT, NFκ B, Wnt, BDNF, and NPAS3. Moreover, combinations of these compounds can potentially transform somatic cells into neurons. This transformation process involves the activation of neuron-specific transcription factors such as NEUROD1, NGN2, ASCL1, and SOX2, which subsequently leads to the transcription of downstream genes, culminating in the transformation of somatic cells into neurons. Neurodegenerative diseases are not the only conditions where inducing neuronal proliferation could be beneficial. Consequently, the impact of pro-proliferative compounds on neurons has also been researched in mouse models of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał K. Jastrzębski
- Department of Synthesis and Chemical Technology of Pharmaceutical Substances with Computer Modeling Laboratory, Medical University of Lublin, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lublin PL-20093, Poland
| | - Piotr Wójcik
- Department of Synthesis and Chemical Technology of Pharmaceutical Substances with Computer Modeling Laboratory, Medical University of Lublin, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lublin PL-20093, Poland
| | - Piotr Stępnicki
- Department of Synthesis and Chemical Technology of Pharmaceutical Substances with Computer Modeling Laboratory, Medical University of Lublin, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lublin PL-20093, Poland
| | - Agnieszka A. Kaczor
- Department of Synthesis and Chemical Technology of Pharmaceutical Substances with Computer Modeling Laboratory, Medical University of Lublin, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lublin PL-20093, Poland
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio FI-70211, Finland
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Meng Q, Ren X, Wang R, Han Y, Li X, Zhang Q, Li Z, Wang Y, Huang L, Yu H. Design, synthesis, anticonvulsant activity and structure-activity relationships of novel 7-Azaindole derivatives. Bioorg Chem 2023; 133:106430. [PMID: 36812828 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
In search of new-structure compounds with good anticonvulsant activity and low neurotoxicity, a series of 3-(1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine)-7-azaindole derivatives was designed and synthesized. Their anticonvulsant activities were evaluated by maximal electroshock (MES) and pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) test, and neurotoxicity was determined by the rotary rod method. In the PTZ-induced epilepsy model, compounds 4i, 4p and 5 k showed significant anticonvulsant activities with ED50 values at 30.55 mg/kg, 19.72 mg/kg and 25.46 mg/kg, respectively. However, these compounds did not show any anticonvulsant activity in the MES model. More importantly, these compounds have lower neurotoxicity with protective index (PI = TD50/ED50) values at 8.58, 10.29 and 7.41, respectively. In order to obtain a clearer structure-activity relationship, more compounds were designed rationally based on 4i, 4p and 5 k and their anticonvulsant activities were evaluated on PTZ models. The results demonstrated that the N-atom at the 7-position of the 7-azaindole and the double-bond in the 1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine skeleton was essential for antiepileptic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingfei Meng
- State Key Laboratory Base for Eco-Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, PR China
| | - Xue Ren
- State Key Laboratory Base for Eco-Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, PR China
| | - Rui Wang
- State Key Laboratory Base for Eco-Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, PR China
| | - Yu Han
- State Key Laboratory Base for Eco-Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, PR China
| | - Xiufen Li
- State Key Laboratory Base for Eco-Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, PR China
| | - Qin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Base for Eco-Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, PR China
| | - Zhenpeng Li
- State Key Laboratory Base for Eco-Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, PR China
| | - Yuexing Wang
- State Key Laboratory Base for Eco-Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, PR China
| | - Longjiang Huang
- State Key Laboratory Base for Eco-Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 1 XiannongtanStreet, Xicheng district, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Haibo Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 1 XiannongtanStreet, Xicheng district, Beijing 100050, China.
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Synthesis, Structural and Behavioral Studies of Indole Derivatives D2AAK5, D2AAK6 and D2AAK7 as Serotonin 5-HT 1A and 5-HT 2A Receptor Ligands. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 28:molecules28010383. [PMID: 36615578 PMCID: PMC9823611 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Serotonin receptors are involved in a number of physiological functions and regulate aggression, anxiety, appetite, cognition, learning, memory, mood, nausea, sleep, and thermoregulation. Here we report synthesis and detailed structural and behavioral studies of three indole derivatives: D2AAK5, D2AAK6, and D2AAK7 as serotonin 5-HT1A and 5-HT2A receptor ligands. X-ray studies revealed that the D2AAK5 compound crystallizes in centrosymmetric triclinic space group with one molecule in the asymmetric unit. The main interaction between the ligands and the receptors is the salt bridge between the protonatable nitrogen atom of the ligands and the conserved Asp (3.32) of the receptors. The complexes were stable in the molecular dynamic simulations. MD revealed that the studied ligands are relatively stable in their binding sites, with the exception of D2AAK7 in the serotonin 5-HT1A receptor. D2AAK7 exerts anxiolytic activity in the EPM test, while D2AAK5 has a beneficial effect on the memory processes in the PA test.
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Juza R, Musilek K, Mezeiova E, Soukup O, Korabecny J. Recent advances in dopamine D 2 receptor ligands in the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders. Med Res Rev 2023; 43:55-211. [PMID: 36111795 DOI: 10.1002/med.21923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Dopamine is a biologically active amine synthesized in the central and peripheral nervous system. This biogenic monoamine acts by activating five types of dopamine receptors (D1-5 Rs), which belong to the G protein-coupled receptor family. Antagonists and partial agonists of D2 Rs are used to treat schizophrenia, Parkinson's disease, depression, and anxiety. The typical pharmacophore with high D2 R affinity comprises four main areas, namely aromatic moiety, cyclic amine, central linker and aromatic/heteroaromatic lipophilic fragment. From the literature reviewed herein, we can conclude that 4-(2,3-dichlorophenyl), 4-(2-methoxyphenyl)-, 4-(benzo[b]thiophen-4-yl)-1-substituted piperazine, and 4-(6-fluorobenzo[d]isoxazol-3-yl)piperidine moieties are critical for high D2 R affinity. Four to six atoms chains are optimal for D2 R affinity with 4-butoxyl as the most pronounced one. The bicyclic aromatic/heteroaromatic systems are most frequently occurring as lipophilic appendages to retain high D2 R affinity. In this review, we provide a thorough overview of the therapeutic potential of D2 R modulators in the treatment of the aforementioned disorders. In addition, this review summarizes current knowledge about these diseases, with a focus on the dopaminergic pathway underlying these pathologies. Major attention is paid to the structure, function, and pharmacology of novel D2 R ligands, which have been developed in the last decade (2010-2021), and belong to the 1,4-disubstituted aromatic cyclic amine group. Due to the abundance of data, allosteric D2 R ligands and D2 R modulators from patents are not discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radomir Juza
- Experimental Neurobiology, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Musilek
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.,Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Mezeiova
- Experimental Neurobiology, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic.,Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Soukup
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Korabecny
- Experimental Neurobiology, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic.,Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
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Synthesis, Docking Studies and Pharmacological Evaluation of Serotoninergic Ligands Containing a 5-Norbornene-2-Carboxamide Nucleus. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27196492. [PMID: 36235029 PMCID: PMC9572521 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A new series of 5-norbornene-2-carboxamide derivatives was prepared and their affinities to the 5-HT1A, 5-HT2A, and 5-HT2C receptors were evaluated and compared to a previously synthesized series of derivatives characterized by exo-N-hydroxy-5-norbornene-2,3-dicarboximidenucleus, in order to identify selective ligands for the above-mentioned subtype receptors. Arylpiperazines represents one of the most important classes of 5-HT1AR ligands, and recent research concerning new derivatives has been focused on the modification of one or more portions of such pharmacophore. The combination of structural elements (heterocyclic nucleus, propyl chain and 4-substituted piperazine), known to be critical to the affinity to 5-HT1A receptors, and the proper selection of substituents led to compounds with high specificity and affinity towards serotoninergic receptors. The most active compounds were selected for further in vivo assays to determine their functional activity. Finally, to rationalize the obtained results, molecular docking studies were performed. The results of the pharmacological studies showed that Norbo-4 and Norbo-18 were the most active and promising derivatives for the serotonin receptor considered in this study.
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Kondej M, Wróbel TM, Targowska-Duda KM, Martínez AL, Koszła O, Stępnicki P, Zięba A, Paz A, Wronikowska-Denysiuk O, Loza MI, Castro M, Kaczor AA. Multi-target derivatives of D2AAK1 as potential antipsychotics - the effect of the substitution in the indole moiety. ChemMedChem 2022; 17:e202200238. [PMID: 35610178 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202200238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a complex disease which is best treated with multi-target drugs, such as atypical antipsychotics. Previously, using structure-based virtual screening we found a virtual hit D2AAK1 with nanomolar affinity to dopamine and serotonin receptors important in schizophrenia pharmacotherapy. As a part of optimization campaign of D2AAK1 we obtained its 17 derivatives also displaying a multi-target profile. Selected compounds were tested against off-targets in schizophrenia, i.e. histamine H 1 receptor and muscarinic M 1 receptor and did not display considerable affinity to these receptors. Two most promising compounds were subjected to behavioral studies. These compounds decreased amphetamine-induced hyperactivity in mice which indicates their antipsychotic potential. The compounds did not interfere with the memory consolidation in mice as determined in the passive avoidance test. The favorable pharmacological profile of the compounds was rationalized using molecular modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magda Kondej
- Medical University of Lublin: Uniwersytet Medyczny w Lublinie, Department of Synthesis and Chemical Technology of Pharmaceutical Substances with Computer Modeling Laboratory, POLAND
| | - Tomasz M Wróbel
- Medical University of Lublin: Uniwersytet Medyczny w Lublinie, Department of Synthesis and Chemical Technology of Pharmaceutical Substances with Computer Modeling Laboratory, POLAND
| | | | - Antón Leandro Martínez
- University of Santiago de Compostela: Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Department of Pharmacology, SPAIN
| | - Oliwia Koszła
- Medical University of Lublin: Uniwersytet Medyczny w Lublinie, Department of Synthesis and Chemical Technology of Pharmaceutical Substances with Computer Modeling Laboratory, POLAND
| | - Piotr Stępnicki
- Medical University of Lublin Main Library: Uniwersytet Medyczny w Lublinie, Department of Synthesis and Chemical Technology of Pharmaceutical Substances with Computer Modeling Laboratory, POLAND
| | - Agata Zięba
- Medical University of Lublin: Uniwersytet Medyczny w Lublinie, Department of Synthesis and Chemical Technology of Pharmaceutical Substances with Computer Modeling Laboratory, POLAND
| | - Alba Paz
- University of Santiago de Compostela: Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Department of Pharmacology, POLAND
| | - Olga Wronikowska-Denysiuk
- Medical University of Lublin: Uniwersytet Medyczny w Lublinie, Independent Laboratory of Behavioral Studies, POLAND
| | - Maria I Loza
- University of Santiago de Compostela: Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Department of Pharmacology, SPAIN
| | - Marián Castro
- University of Santiago de Compostela: Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Department of Pharmacology, SPAIN
| | - Agnieszka Anna Kaczor
- Medical University of Lublin, Department of Synthesis and Chemical Technology of Pharmaceutical Substances, 4A Chodzki St, 20093, Lublin, POLAND
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Kaczor AA, Wojtunik-Kulesza K, Wróbel TM, Matosiuk D, Pitucha M. 5-Methoxy-1-methyl-2-{[4-(2-hydroxyphenyl)piperazin-1-yl]methyl}-1Hindole (KAD22) with Antioxidant Activity. LETT ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/1570178618666210119121438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
:
Compound KAD22 (5-methoxy-1-methyl-2-[4-(2-hydroxyphenyl)piperazin-1-yl]methyl-1H-indole) was designed as a potential dopamine D2 receptor agonist with antioxidant activity for possible treatment of Parkinson’s disease.
The compound was obtained from 5-methoxy-1-methyl-1H-indole-2-carbaldehyde and 2-(piperazin-1-yl)phenol. KAD22
showed no affinity to dopamine D2 receptor but it is a potent antioxidant. Experimental and computational structural studies
(conformational analysis, HOMO and LUMO orbitals, electrostatic potential map, non-covalent interaction plot, spectral
properties, ligand-receptor interactions) of KAD22 were performed to address its biological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka A. Kaczor
- Department of Synthesis and Chemical Technology of Pharmaceutical Substances, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical
University of Lublin, 4A Chodzki St., PL-20093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Karolina Wojtunik-Kulesza
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of
Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, 4A Chodzki St., PL-20093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Tomasz M. Wróbel
- Department of Synthesis and Chemical Technology of Pharmaceutical Substances, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical
University of Lublin, 4A Chodzki St., PL-20093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Dariusz Matosiuk
- Department of Synthesis and Chemical Technology of Pharmaceutical Substances, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical
University of Lublin, 4A Chodzki St., PL-20093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Monika Pitucha
- Independent Radiopharmacy Unit,
Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, 4A Chodzki St., PL-20093
Lublin, Poland
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Screening and Structure-Activity Relationship of D2AAK1 Derivatives for Potential Application in the Treatment of Neurodegenerative Diseases. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27072239. [PMID: 35408637 PMCID: PMC9000546 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27072239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative and mental diseases are serious medical, economic and social problems. Neurodegeneration is referred to as a pathological condition associated with damage to nerve cells leading to their death. Treatment of neurodegenerative diseases is at present symptomatic only, and novel drugs are urgently needed which would be able to stop disease progression. We performed screening of reactive oxygen species, reactive nitrogen species, glutathione and level intracellular Ca2+. The studies were assessed using one-way ANOVA of variance with Dunnett’s post hoc test. Previously, we reported D2AAK1 as a promising compound for the treatment of neurodegenerative and mental disorders. Here, we show a screening of D2AAK1 derivatives aimed at the selection of the compound with the most favorable pharmacological profile. Selected compounds cause an increase in the proliferation of a hippocampal neuron-like cell line, changes in the levels of reactive oxygen and nitrogen forms, reduced glutathione and a reduced intracellular calcium pool. Upon analyzing the structure–activity relationship, we selected the compound with the most favorable profile for a neuroprotective activity for potential application in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Experimental and computational structural studies of 5-substituted-3-(1-arylmethyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridin-4-yl)-1H-indoles. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.130998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Maltsev DV, Spasov AA, Miroshnikov MV, Skripka MO. Current Approaches to the Search of Anxiolytic Drugs. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162021030122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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12
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Kaczor AA, Targowska-Duda KM, Stępnicki P, Silva AG, Koszła O, Kędzierska E, Grudzińska A, Kruk-Słomka M, Biała G, Castro M. N-(3-{4-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]piperazin-1-yl}propyl)-1H-indazole-3-carboxamide (D2AAK3) as a potential antipsychotic: In vitro, in silico and in vivo evaluation of a multi-target ligand. Neurochem Int 2021; 146:105016. [PMID: 33722679 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2021.105016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a mental illness of not adequately understood causes that is not satisfactorily enough treated by current antipsychotics. In search for novel potential antipsychotics we performed structure-based virtual screening aimed to identify new dopamine D2 receptor antagonists. We found compound D2AAK3 with affinity to dopamine D2 receptor of 115 nM. D2AAK3 possesses additional nanomolar or low micromolar affinity to D1, D3, 5-HT1A, 5-HT2A and 5-HT7 receptors, which makes it a good hit for further development as a multifunctional ligand. The compound has also some affinity to M1 and H1 receptors. We used homology modeling, molecular docking and molecular dynamics to study interactions of D2AAK3 with its molecular targets at the molecular level. In behavioral studies D2AAK3 decreases amphetamine-induced hyperactivity (when compared to the amphetamine-treated group) measured as spontaneous locomotor activity in mice. In addition, passive avoidance test demonstrated that D2AAK3 improves memory consolidation after acute treatment in mice. Elevated plus maze tests indicated that D2AAK3 induces anxiogenic activity 30 min after acute treatment, whereas this effect has no longer been observed 60 min after administration of the studied compound in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka A Kaczor
- Department of Synthesis and Chemical Technology of Pharmaceutical Substances with Computer Modeling Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, 4A Chodźki St., PL-20093, Lublin, Poland; School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Katarzyna M Targowska-Duda
- Department of Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, 4A Chodźki St., PL-20093, Lublin, Poland
| | - Piotr Stępnicki
- Department of Synthesis and Chemical Technology of Pharmaceutical Substances with Computer Modeling Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, 4A Chodźki St., PL-20093, Lublin, Poland
| | - Andrea G Silva
- Department of Pharmacology, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Avda de Barcelona, E-15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Oliwia Koszła
- Department of Synthesis and Chemical Technology of Pharmaceutical Substances with Computer Modeling Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, 4A Chodźki St., PL-20093, Lublin, Poland
| | - Ewa Kędzierska
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, 4A Chodźki St., PL-20093, Lublin, Poland
| | - Angelika Grudzińska
- Department of Synthesis and Chemical Technology of Pharmaceutical Substances with Computer Modeling Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, 4A Chodźki St., PL-20093, Lublin, Poland
| | - Marta Kruk-Słomka
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, 4A Chodźki St., PL-20093, Lublin, Poland
| | - Grażyna Biała
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, 4A Chodźki St., PL-20093, Lublin, Poland
| | - Marián Castro
- Department of Pharmacology, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Avda de Barcelona, E-15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Magli E, Kędzierska E, Kaczor AA, Bielenica A, Severino B, Gibuła-Tarłowska E, Kotlińska JH, Corvino A, Sparaco R, Esposito G, Albrizio S, Perissutti E, Frecentese F, Leśniak A, Bujalska-Zadrożny M, Struga M, Capasso R, Santagada V, Caliendo G, Fiorino F. Synthesis, docking studies, and pharmacological evaluation of 2-hydroxypropyl-4-arylpiperazine derivatives as serotoninergic ligands. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2021; 354:e2000414. [PMID: 33543794 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202000414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
A new series of norbornene and exo-N-hydroxy-7-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2,3-dicarboximide derivatives was prepared, and their affinities to the 5-HT1A , 5-HT2A , and 5-HT2C receptors were evaluated and compared with a previously synthesized series of derivatives characterized by the same nuclei, to identify selective ligands for the subtype receptors. Arylpiperazines represent one of the most important classes of 5-HT1A R ligands, and the research of new derivatives has been focused on the modification of one or more portions of this pharmacophore. The combination of structural elements (heterocyclic nucleus, hydroxyalkyl chain, and 4-substituted piperazine), known to be critical for the affinity to 5-HT1A receptors, and the proper selection of substituents resulted in compounds with high specificity and affinity toward serotoninergic receptors. The most active compounds were selected for further in vivo assays to determine their functional activity. Finally, to rationalize the obtained results, molecular docking studies were performed. The results of the pharmacological studies showed that 3e, 4j, and 4n were the most active and promising derivatives for the serotonin receptor considered in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Magli
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Napoli, Italy
| | - Ewa Kędzierska
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy with Division of Medical Analytics, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Agnieszka A Kaczor
- Department of Synthesis and Chemical Technology of Pharmaceutical Substances with Computer Modeling Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland.,School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Anna Bielenica
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Beatrice Severino
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Napoli, Italy
| | - Ewa Gibuła-Tarłowska
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy with Division of Medical Analytics, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Jolanta H Kotlińska
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy with Division of Medical Analytics, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Angela Corvino
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Napoli, Italy
| | - Rosa Sparaco
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Napoli, Italy
| | - Giovanna Esposito
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Napoli, Italy
| | - Stefania Albrizio
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Napoli, Italy
| | - Elisa Perissutti
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Napoli, Italy
| | - Francesco Frecentese
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Napoli, Italy
| | - Anna Leśniak
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Bujalska-Zadrożny
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marta Struga
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Raffaele Capasso
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Napoli, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Santagada
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Napoli, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Caliendo
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Napoli, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Fiorino
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Napoli, Italy
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Radan M, Bošković J, Dobričić V, Čudina O, Nikolić K. Current computer-aided drug design methodologies in discovery of novel drug candidates for neuropsychiatric and inflammatory diseases. ARHIV ZA FARMACIJU 2021. [DOI: 10.5937/arhfarm71-32523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug discovery and development is a very challenging, expensive and time-consuming process. Impressive technological advances in computer sciences and molecular biology have made it possible to use computer-aided drug design (CADD) methods in various stages of the drug discovery and development pipeline. Nowadays, CADD presents an efficacious and indispensable tool, widely used in medicinal chemistry, to lead rational drug design and synthesis of novel compounds. In this article, an overview of commonly used CADD approaches from hit identification to lead optimization was presented. Moreover, different aspects of design of multitarget ligands for neuropsychiatric and anti-inflammatory diseases were summarized. Apparently, designing multi-target directed ligands for treatment of various complex diseases may offer better efficacy, and fewer side effects. Antipsychotics that act through aminergic G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), especially Dopamine D2 and serotonin 5-HT2A receptors, are the best option for treatment of various symptoms associated with neuropsychiatric disorders. Furthermore, multi-target directed cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) inhibitors are also a successful approach to aid the discovery of new anti-inflammatory drugs with fewer side effects. Overall, employing CADD approaches in the process of rational drug design provides a great opportunity for future development, allowing rapid identification of compounds with the optimal polypharmacological profile.
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Stępnicki P, Kondej M, Koszła O, Żuk J, Kaczor AA. Multi-targeted drug design strategies for the treatment of schizophrenia. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2020; 16:101-114. [PMID: 32915109 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2020.1816962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Schizophrenia is a complex psychiatric disease (or a conglomeration of disorders) manifesting with positive, negative and cognitive symptoms. The pathophysiology of schizophrenia is not completely known; however, it involves many neurotransmitters and their receptors. In order to treat schizophrenia, drugs need to be multi-target drugs. Indeed, the action of second and third generation antipsychotics involves interactions with many receptors, belonging mainly to aminergic GPCRs. AREAS COVERED In this review, the authors summarize current concepts of schizophrenia with the emphasis on the modern dopaminergic, serotoninergic, and glutamatergic hypotheses. Next, they discuss treatments of the disease, stressing multi-target antipsychotics. They cover different aspects of design of multi-target ligands, including the application of molecular modeling approaches for the design and benefits and limitations of multifunctional compounds. Finally, they present successful case studies of multi-target drug design against schizophrenia. EXPERT OPINION Treatment of schizophrenia requires the application of multi-target drugs. While designing single target drugs is relatively easy, designing multifunctional compounds is a challenge due to the necessity to balance the affinity to many targets, while avoiding promiscuity and the problems with drug-likeness. Multi-target drugs bring many benefits: better efficiency, fewer adverse effects, and drug-drug interactions and better patient compliance to drug regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Stępnicki
- Department of Synthesis and Chemical Technology of Pharmaceutical Substances with Computer Modeling Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin , Lublin, Poland
| | - Magda Kondej
- Department of Synthesis and Chemical Technology of Pharmaceutical Substances with Computer Modeling Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin , Lublin, Poland
| | - Oliwia Koszła
- Department of Synthesis and Chemical Technology of Pharmaceutical Substances with Computer Modeling Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin , Lublin, Poland
| | - Justyna Żuk
- Department of Synthesis and Chemical Technology of Pharmaceutical Substances with Computer Modeling Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin , Lublin, Poland
| | - Agnieszka A Kaczor
- Department of Synthesis and Chemical Technology of Pharmaceutical Substances with Computer Modeling Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin , Lublin, Poland.,School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland , Kuopio, Finland
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Ma H, Huang B, Zhang Y. Recent advances in multitarget-directed ligands targeting G-protein-coupled receptors. Drug Discov Today 2020; 25:1682-1692. [PMID: 32652312 PMCID: PMC7572774 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2020.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Mounting evidence indicates that single-target drugs might be inadequate to achieve satisfactory therapeutic effects on complex diseases. Recently, increasing attention has been paid to developing drugs that can manipulate multiple targets to generate beneficial effects through potential synergy. G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) become desirable targets for developing multitarget-directed ligands (MTDLs) because of their crucial roles in the pathophysiology of various human diseases and the accessibility of druggable sites at the cell surface. Herein, we review the most recent advances in the development of GPCR-targeted MTDLs in treating complex diseases, and discuss their potential therapeutic strategies to reveal current trends and shed insights into the utility of GPCR-targeted MTDLs for future drug design and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongguang Ma
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, 800 East Leigh Street, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Boshi Huang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, 800 East Leigh Street, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, 800 East Leigh Street, Richmond, VA 23298, USA.
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Kaczor AA, Targowska-Duda KM, Silva AG, Kondej M, Biała G, Castro M. N-(2-Hydroxyphenyl)-1-[3-(2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1 H- benzimidazol-1-yl)propyl]piperidine-4-Carboxamide (D2AAK4), a Multi-Target Ligand of Aminergic GPCRs, as a Potential Antipsychotic. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E349. [PMID: 32102432 PMCID: PMC7072648 DOI: 10.3390/biom10020349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
N-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-1-[3-(2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-benzimidazol -1-yl)propyl]piperidine-4-carboxamide (D2AAK4) is a multitarget ligand of aminergic G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) identified in structure-based virtual screening. Here we present detailed in vitro, in silico and in vivo investigations of this virtual hit. D2AAK4 has an atypical antipsychotic profile and low affinity to off-targets. It interacts with aminergic GPCRs, forming an electrostatic interaction between its protonatable nitrogen atom and the conserved Asp 3.32 of the receptors. At the dose of 100 mg/kg D2AAK4 decreases amphetamine-induced hyperactivity predictive of antipsychotic activity, improves memory consolidation in passive avoidance test and has anxiogenic properties in elevated plus maze test (EPM). Further optimization of the virtual hit D2AAK4 will be aimed to balance its multitarget profile and to obtain analogs with anxiolytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka A. Kaczor
- Department of Synthesis and Chemical Technology of Pharmaceutical Substances, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, 4A Chodźki St., PL-20093 Lublin, Poland;
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Katarzyna M. Targowska-Duda
- Department of Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, 4A Chodźki St., PL-20093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Andrea G. Silva
- Department of Pharmacology, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Avda de Barcelona, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (A.G.S.); (M.C.)
| | - Magda Kondej
- Department of Synthesis and Chemical Technology of Pharmaceutical Substances, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, 4A Chodźki St., PL-20093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Grażyna Biała
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, 4A Chodźki St., PL-20093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Marián Castro
- Department of Pharmacology, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Avda de Barcelona, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (A.G.S.); (M.C.)
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2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Thiosemicarbazides as a New Class of Compounds Against Stomach Cancer Potentially Intercalating with DNA. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10020296. [PMID: 32069994 PMCID: PMC7072506 DOI: 10.3390/biom10020296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Thiosemicarbazide is a useful structural moiety that has the biological potential. Optimization of this structure can result in groundbreaking discovery of a new class of therapeutic agents. In the light of this, 1-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetyl-4-(1-naphthyl)thiosemicarbazide (1) and 1,4-bis[(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetylthiosemicarbazide]phenyl (2) were synthesized and characterized by spectroscopic method. Cytotoxicity of obtained compounds was evaluated on MKN74 gastric cancer cell line and human skin fibroblast BJ based on methylthiazolyldiphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) test. The apoptosis/necrosis and cell cycle analysis were conducted using image cytometry. Additionally, in DNA of treated cells, abasic sites (AP) and double strands breaks (DSB) presence were measured. Intercalating properties of active compounds were evaluated using the UV–spectroscopic method. Among newly synthesized derivatives, compound 2 showed toxic effects on gastric cancer cells with simultaneous lack of toxicity to normal fibroblasts. Cell cycle analysis revealed that both compounds influence cell division mainly at the stage of replication. Simultaneously with DNA synthesis disorders, DNA damages like AP-sites and DSBs were observed. Spectroscopic studies revealed possible DNA intercalating properties of tested compounds. Obtained results indicate that the newly synthesized thiosemicarbazide derivatives are a promising group of compounds with potential anticancer activity resulted from interactions with DNA and cell cycle interrupt.
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The Universal 3D QSAR Model for Dopamine D 2 Receptor Antagonists. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20184555. [PMID: 31540025 PMCID: PMC6770028 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20184555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to search for novel antipsychotics acting through the D2 receptor, it is necessary to know the structure–activity relationships for dopamine D2 receptor antagonists. In this context, we constructed the universal three-dimensional quantitative structure–activity relationship (3D- QSAR) model for competitive dopamine D2 receptor antagonists. We took 176 compounds from chemically different groups characterized by the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50)from the CHEMBL database and docked them to the X-ray structure of the human D2 receptor in the inactive state. Selected docking poses were applied for Comparative Molecular Field Analysis (CoMFA) alignment. The obtained CoMFA model is characterized by a cross-validated coefficient Q2 of 0.76 with an optimal component of 5, R2 of 0.92, and an F value of 338.9. The steric and electrostatic field contributions are 67.4% and 32.6%, respectively. The statistics obtained prove that the CoMFA model is significant. Next, the IC50 of the 16 compounds from the test set was predicted with R2 of 0.95. Finally, a progressive scrambling test was carried out for additional validation. The CoMFA fields were mapped onto the dopamine D2 receptor binding site, which enabled a discussion of the structure–activity relationship based on ligand–receptor interactions. In particular, it was found that one of the desired steric interactions covers the area of a putative common allosteric pocket suggested for some other G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), which would suggest that some of the known dopamine receptor antagonists are bitopic in their essence. The CoMFA model can be applied to predict the potential activity of novel dopamine D2 receptor antagonists.
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