2-((1-Phenyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methyl)-2-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-one derivatives: Simplification and modification of aconitine scaffold for the discovery of novel anticancer agents

2-Azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane scaffold: synthesis and applications

2-Azabicyclo[3.2.1]octanes are nitrogen containing heterocycles with significant potential in the field of drug discovery. This core has been applied as key synthetic intermediate in several total synthesis, while their unique structure can make them a challenging scaffold to acquire. This Minireview summarizes the synthetic approaches to access this bicyclic architecture and highlights its presence in the total synthesis of several target molecules.

Aconitine and its derivatives: bioactivities, structure-activity relationships and preliminary molecular mechanisms

Aconitine (AC), which is the primary bioactive diterpene alkaloid derived from Aconitum L plants, have attracted considerable interest due to its unique structural feature. Additionally, AC demonstrates a range of biological activities, such as its ability to enhance cardiac function, inhibit tumor growth, reduce inflammation, and provide analgesic effects. However, the structure-activity relationships of AC are remain unclear. A clear understanding of these relationships is indeed critical in developing effective biomedical applications with AC. In line with these challenges, this paper summarized the structural characteristics of AC and relevant functional and bioactive properties and the structure-activity relationships presented in biomedical applications. The primary temporal scope of this review was established as the period spanning from 2010 to 2023. Subsequently, the objective of this review was to provide a comprehensive understanding of the specific action mechanism of AC, while also exploring potential novel applications of AC derivatives in the biomedical field, drawing upon their structural characteristics. In conclusion, this review has provided a comprehensive analysis of the challenges and prospects associated with AC in the elucidation of structure-bioactivity relationships. Furthermore, the importance of exploring modern biotechnology approaches to enhance the potential biomedical applications of AC has been emphasized.

Recent updates on 1,2,3-triazole-containing hybrids with in vivo therapeutic potential against cancers: A mini-review

1,2,3-Triazole moiety which is usually constructed by highly versatile, efficacious and selective copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition not only can act as a linker to connect different pharmacophores, but also is a useful pharmacophore with diverse biological properties. 1,2,3-Triazoles are readily interact with diverse enzymes and receptors in cancer cells through non-covalent interactions and can inhibit cancer cell proliferation, arrest cell cycle and induce apoptosis. In particular, 1,2,3-triazole-containing hybrids have the potential to exert dual or multiple anticancer mechanisms of action, representing useful scaffolds in expediting development of novel anticancer agents. The current review summarizes the in vivo anticancer efficacy and mechanisms of action of 1,2,3-triazole-containing hybrids reported in the last decade to continuously open up a map for the remarkable exploration of more effective candidates.

Advances on pharmacology and toxicology of aconitine

Aconitum alkaloids are considered to be the characteristic bioactive ingredients of Aconitum species, which are widely applied to the treatment of diverse diseases, and aconitine (AC) is found in most Aconitum plants. Research evidence shows that low-dose AC has a good therapeutic potential in heart failure, myocardial infarction, neuroinflammatory diseases, rheumatic diseases, and tumors, which has become one of the hotspots in global research in recent years. However, the cardiotoxicity and neurotoxicity of AC have also attracted extensive attention. Excessive use of AC always induces ventricular tachyarrhythmia and heart arrest, even can be potentially lethal. Therefore, AC cannot simply be regarded as a good medicine or a toxicant, but its underlying curative and toxic properties remained chaos. In order to dig the unique pharmacological value of AC while preventing its toxicity, the pharmacological activities and toxic effects of AC were summarized in this paper, providing new insight into the safe and effective use of AC in clinical practice.

Novel O-acylated (E)-3-aryl-6,7-dihydrobenzisoxazol-4(5H)-one oximes targeting HSP90-HER2 axis in breast cancer cells

Novel O-acylated (E)-3-aryl-6,7-dihydrobenzisoxazol-4(5H)-one oximes were designed as potential HSP90 inhibitors. A series of the compounds was synthesized by oximation of (E)-3-aryl-6,7-dihydrobenzisoxazol-4(5H)-ones followed by O-acylation with acylamidobenzoic acids. The obtained compounds showed an antiproliferative effect on three breast cancer cell lines (MCF7, MDA-MB-231 and HCC1954). Compound 16s exhibited high antiproliferative potency against HCC1954 breast cancer cells with the IC₅₀ value of 6 µM was selected for in-depth evaluation. Compound 16s did not inhibit the growth of normal epithelial cells. We have demonstrated that the compound 16s can induce apoptosis in cancer cells via inhibition of HSP90 "client" proteins including a key oncogenic receptor, HER2/neu. Described here compounds can be considered for further basic and preclinical investigation as a part of HSP90/HER2-targeted therapies.

1,8-Diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU)-promoted reduction of azides to amines under metal-free conditions

A simple and novel metal-free reduction of azides to amines in the presence of DBU is reported. This DBU-promoted transformation features good functional group tolerance and high chemo-selectivity.

Immune Effect of Active Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine on Triple-Negative Breast Cancer

Triple-negative breast cancers are heterogeneous, poorly prognostic, and metastatic malignancies that result in a high risk of death for patients. Targeted therapy for triple-negative breast cancer has been extremely challenging due to the lack of expression of estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2. Clinical treatment regimens for triple-negative breast cancer are often based on paclitaxel and platinum drugs, but drug resistance and side effects from the drugs frequently lead to treatment failure, thus requiring the development of new therapeutic platforms. In recent years, research on traditional Chinese medicine in modulating the immune function of the body has shown that it has the potential to be an effective treatment option against triple-negative breast cancer. Active components of herbal medicines such as alkaloids, flavonoids, polyphenols, saponins, and polysaccharides have been shown to inhibit cancer cell proliferation and metastasis by activating inflammatory immune responses and can modulate tumor-related signaling pathways to further inhibit the invasion of triple-negative breast cancer. This paper reviews the immunomodulatory mechanisms of different herbal active ingredients against triple-negative breast cancer and provides an outlook on the challenges and directions of development for the treatment of triple-negative breast cancer with herbal active ingredients.