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Wang J, Yin C, Huo F. Recent advances in glutathione fluorescent probes based on small organic molecules and their bioimaging. Analyst 2025; 150:220-239. [PMID: 39670499 DOI: 10.1039/d4an01373e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2024]
Abstract
Glutathione (GSH), as one of the most important biological mercaptans, is involved in a variety of biological processes and is considered an important biomarker in early diagnosis, treatment and disease stage monitoring. Rapid and accurate detection of GSH in complex biological systems is of great significance for pathological analysis. Fluorescence imaging technology is widely used because of its advantages of high sensitivity, high resolution and non-destructiveness. In this paper, the latest research progress on GSH-responsive organic small molecule fluorescence probes in the last five years is summarized, and their response mechanisms are classified and discussed. In addition, the probe design strategy, sensing mechanism and biological application are discussed in this review. Finally, the challenges and future research directions of developing new GSH probes are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingdong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China.
| | - Caixia Yin
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China.
| | - Fangjun Huo
- Research Institute of Applied Chemistry, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China.
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Wang Y, Li Y, Cao J, Yang X, Huang J, Huang M, Gu S. Research Progress of Fluorescent Probes for Detection of Glutathione (GSH): Fluorophore, Photophysical Properties, Biological Applications. Molecules 2024; 29:4333. [PMID: 39339330 PMCID: PMC11434280 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29184333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2024] [Revised: 08/26/2024] [Accepted: 09/03/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Intracellular biothiols, including cysteine (Cys), glutathione (GSH), and homocysteine (Hcy), play a critical role in many physiological and pathological processes. Among them, GSH is the most abundant non-protein mercaptan (1-10 mM) in cells, and the change in GSH concentration level is closely related to the occurrence of many diseases, such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and neurological diseases. Fluorescent probes have attracted much attention due to their advantages of high specificity, high sensitivity, high selectivity, low cost, and high quantum yield. Methods that use optical probes for selective detection of GSH in vitro and in vivo are in high demand. In this paper, we reviewed the most recent five years of research on fluorescence probes for the detection of GSH, including the specific detection of GSH, dual-channel identification of GSH and other substances, and the detection of GSH and other biothiols. According to the type of fluorophore, we classified GSH fluorescent probes into eight classes, including BODIPY, 1,8-Naphthalimide, coumarin, xanthene, rhodamine, cyanine, benzothiazoles, and others. In addition, we roundly discuss the synthesis, detection mechanism, photophysical properties, and biological applications of fluorescent probes. We hope that this review will inspire the exploration of new fluorescent probes for GSH and other related analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Wang
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Food Green Processing and Quality Safety Control, College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China; (Y.L.); (J.C.); (X.Y.); (J.H.); (M.H.)
| | - Yanfei Li
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Food Green Processing and Quality Safety Control, College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China; (Y.L.); (J.C.); (X.Y.); (J.H.); (M.H.)
| | - Jinbo Cao
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Food Green Processing and Quality Safety Control, College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China; (Y.L.); (J.C.); (X.Y.); (J.H.); (M.H.)
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biomedicine, School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 511400, China
| | - Xiyan Yang
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Food Green Processing and Quality Safety Control, College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China; (Y.L.); (J.C.); (X.Y.); (J.H.); (M.H.)
| | - Jiaxiang Huang
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Food Green Processing and Quality Safety Control, College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China; (Y.L.); (J.C.); (X.Y.); (J.H.); (M.H.)
| | - Mingyue Huang
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Food Green Processing and Quality Safety Control, College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China; (Y.L.); (J.C.); (X.Y.); (J.H.); (M.H.)
| | - Shaobin Gu
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Food Green Processing and Quality Safety Control, College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China; (Y.L.); (J.C.); (X.Y.); (J.H.); (M.H.)
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Lin X, Yi Q, Qing B, Lan W, Jiang F, Lai Z, Huang J, Liu Q, Jiang J, Wang M, Zou L, Huang X, Wang J. Two Fluorescent Probes for Recognition of Acetylcholinesterase: Design, Synthesis, and Comparative Evaluation. Molecules 2024; 29:1961. [PMID: 38731452 PMCID: PMC11085145 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29091961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, two "on-off" probes (BF2-cur-Ben and BF2-cur-But) recognizing acetylcholinesterase (AChE) were designed and synthesized. The obtained probes can achieve recognition of AChE with good selectivity and pH-independence with a linear range of 0.5~7 U/mL and 0.5~25 U/mL respectively. BF2-cur-Ben has a lower limit of detection (LOD) (0.031 U/mL), higher enzyme affinity (Km = 16 ± 1.6 μM), and higher inhibitor sensitivity. A responsive mechanism of the probes for AChE was proposed based on HPLC and mass spectra (MS) experiments, as well as calculations. In molecular simulation, BF2-cur-Ben forms more hydrogen bonds (seven, while BF2-cur-But has only four) and thus has a more stable enzyme affinity, which is mirrored by the results of the comparison of Km values. These two probes could enable recognition of intracellular AChE and probe BF2-cur-Ben has superior cell membrane penetration due to its higher log p value. These probes can monitor the overexpression of AChE during apoptosis of lung cancer cells. The ability of BF2-cur-Ben to monitor AChE in vivo was confirmed by a zebrafish experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Lin
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Special Biomedicine, Medical College, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (X.L.); (Q.Y.); (W.L.)
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Guangxi Health Science College, Nanning 530023, China;
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Qingyuan Yi
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Special Biomedicine, Medical College, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (X.L.); (Q.Y.); (W.L.)
| | - Binyang Qing
- College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (B.Q.); (M.W.)
| | - Weisen Lan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Special Biomedicine, Medical College, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (X.L.); (Q.Y.); (W.L.)
| | - Fangcheng Jiang
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China; (F.J.); (Z.L.)
| | - Zefeng Lai
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China; (F.J.); (Z.L.)
| | - Jijun Huang
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Drug Administration, Nanning 530029, China; (J.H.); (Q.L.); (J.J.)
| | - Qing Liu
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Drug Administration, Nanning 530029, China; (J.H.); (Q.L.); (J.J.)
| | - Jimin Jiang
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Drug Administration, Nanning 530029, China; (J.H.); (Q.L.); (J.J.)
| | - Mian Wang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (B.Q.); (M.W.)
| | - Lianjia Zou
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Guangxi Health Science College, Nanning 530023, China;
| | - Xinbi Huang
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Guangxi Health Science College, Nanning 530023, China;
| | - Jianyi Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Special Biomedicine, Medical College, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (X.L.); (Q.Y.); (W.L.)
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
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Lu J, Wu Y, Zhan S, Zhong Y, Guo Y, Gao J, Zhang B, Dong X, Che J, Xu Y. A Microenvironment-responsive small-molecule probe and application in quick acute myocardial infarction imaging. Talanta 2024; 270:125571. [PMID: 38154354 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.125571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients are at an elevated risk for life-threatening myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. Early-stage nonradioactive and noninvasive diagnosis of AMI is imperative for the subsequent disease treatment, yet it presents substantial challenges. After AMI, the myocardium typically exhibits elevated levels of peroxynitrite (ONOO-), constituting a distinct microenvironmental feature. In this context, the near-infrared imaging probe (BBEB) is employed to precisely delineate the boundaries of AMI lesions with a high level of sensitivity and specificity by monitoring endogenous ONOO-. This probe allows for the early detection of myocardial damage at cellular and animal levels, providing exceptional temporal and spatial resolution. Notably, BBEB enables visualization of ONOO- level alterations during AMI treatment incorporating antioxidant drugs. Overall, BBEB can rapidly and accurately visualize myocardial injury, particularly in the early stages, and can further facilitate antioxidant drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialiang Lu
- Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Institute of Drug Discovery and Design, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yirong Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, 310006, China
| | - Siyao Zhan
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, 310006, China
| | - Yigang Zhong
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, 310006, China
| | - Yu Guo
- Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Institute of Drug Discovery and Design, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jian Gao
- Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Institute of Drug Discovery and Design, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Clinical Cancer Pharmacology and Toxicology Research of Zhejiang Province, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Xiaowu Dong
- Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Institute of Drug Discovery and Design, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Department of Pharmacy, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Jinxin Che
- Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Institute of Drug Discovery and Design, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Yizhou Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, 310006, China.
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Li X, Liu C, Zhu H, Wang K, Ren X, Ma L, Zhang X, Liu M, Zhu B. Recent advances in small-molecule fluorescent probes with the function of targeting cancer receptors. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2023; 15:5947-5977. [PMID: 37909733 DOI: 10.1039/d3ay01387a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is "the sword of Damocles" that threatens human life and health. Therefore, the diagnosis and treatment of cancer have been receiving much attention. Many overexpressed receptors on the surface of cancer cells provide us with an effective way to specifically identify the cancer cells, and receptor targeting strategies are becoming one of the hot ideas to enhance the ability of fluorescent probes to target tumors. Fluorescent probes connected to ligands are targeted at cancer cell surfaces through receptor-mediated endocytosis. Receptor-targeting probes can image and track cancer cells, determine tumor boundaries, monitor deep lesions, and play a role in clinical medicine, such as fluorescent imaging-guided surgery. In this review, based on the perspective of small molecule fluorescent probes, we reviewed the design ideas, photophysical properties, and applications of receptor-targeting probes for detecting biomarkers in imaging and tracing cancer cells and prospected the future developmental direction of such probes. We hope that this review will provide more ideas for the design and development of active targeting probes for receptors and lead to more applications in the medical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinke Li
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China.
| | - Caiyun Liu
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China.
| | - Hanchuang Zhu
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China.
| | - Kun Wang
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China.
| | - Xiaohua Ren
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China.
| | - Lixue Ma
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China.
| | - Xiaohui Zhang
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China.
| | - Mengyuan Liu
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China.
| | - Baocun Zhu
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China.
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Galehban MH, Zeynizadeh B, Mousavi H. Introducing Fe3O4@SiO2@KCC-1@MPTMS@CuII catalytic applications for the green one-pot syntheses of 2-aryl(or heteroaryl)-2,3-dihydroquinazolin-4(1H)-ones and 9-aryl-3,3,6,6-tetramethyl-3,4,5,6,7,9-hexahydro-1H-xanthene-1,8(2H)-diones. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.134017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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