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Misceo D, Senaratne LDS, Mero IL, Sundaram AYM, Bjørnstad PM, Szczałuba K, Gasperowicz P, Kamien B, Nedregaard B, Holmgren A, Strømme P, Frengen E. Novel Loss of Function Variants in CENPF Including a Large Intragenic Deletion in Patients with Strømme Syndrome. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1985. [PMID: 38002928 PMCID: PMC10671177 DOI: 10.3390/genes14111985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Strømme syndrome is an ultra-rare primary ciliopathy with clinical variability. The syndrome is caused by bi-allelic variants in CENPF, a protein with key roles in both chromosomal segregation and ciliogenesis. We report three unrelated patients with Strømme syndrome and, using high-throughput sequencing approaches, we identified novel pathogenic variants in CENPF, including one structural variant, giving a genetic diagnosis to the patients. Patient 1 was a premature baby who died at 26 days with congenital malformations affecting many organs including the brain, eyes, and intestine. She was homozygous for a donor splice variant in CENPF, NM_016343.3:c.1068+1G>A, causing skipping of exon 7, resulting in a frameshift. Patient 2 was a female with intestinal atresia, microcephaly, and a Peters anomaly. She had normal developmental milestones at the age of 7 years. She is compound heterozygous for CENPF NM_016343.3:c.5920dup and c.8991del, both frameshift. Patient 3 was a male with anomalies of the brain, eye, intestine, and kidneys. He was compound heterozygous for CENPF p.(Glu298Ter), and a 5323 bp deletion covering exon 1. CENPF exon 1 is flanked by repetitive sequences that may represent a site of a recurrent structural variation, which should be a focus in patients with Strømme syndrome of unknown etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doriana Misceo
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, 0450 Oslo, Norway; (D.M.); (L.D.S.S.); (I.-L.M.); (A.Y.M.S.); (A.H.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0450 Oslo, Norway;
| | - Lokuliyanage Dona Samudita Senaratne
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, 0450 Oslo, Norway; (D.M.); (L.D.S.S.); (I.-L.M.); (A.Y.M.S.); (A.H.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0450 Oslo, Norway;
| | - Inger-Lise Mero
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, 0450 Oslo, Norway; (D.M.); (L.D.S.S.); (I.-L.M.); (A.Y.M.S.); (A.H.)
| | - Arvind Y. M. Sundaram
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, 0450 Oslo, Norway; (D.M.); (L.D.S.S.); (I.-L.M.); (A.Y.M.S.); (A.H.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0450 Oslo, Norway;
| | - Pål Marius Bjørnstad
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, 0450 Oslo, Norway; (D.M.); (L.D.S.S.); (I.-L.M.); (A.Y.M.S.); (A.H.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0450 Oslo, Norway;
| | - Krzysztof Szczałuba
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 61, 02-091 Warszawa, Poland; (K.S.)
| | - Piotr Gasperowicz
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 61, 02-091 Warszawa, Poland; (K.S.)
| | - Benjamin Kamien
- Genetic Services of Western Australia, King Edward Memorial Hospital, 374 Bagot Rd, Subiaco, WA 6008, Australia;
| | - Bård Nedregaard
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Section of Neuroradiology, Oslo University Hospital, 0450 Oslo, Norway;
| | - Asbjørn Holmgren
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, 0450 Oslo, Norway; (D.M.); (L.D.S.S.); (I.-L.M.); (A.Y.M.S.); (A.H.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0450 Oslo, Norway;
| | - Petter Strømme
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0450 Oslo, Norway;
- Division of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, 0450 Oslo, Norway
| | - Eirik Frengen
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, 0450 Oslo, Norway; (D.M.); (L.D.S.S.); (I.-L.M.); (A.Y.M.S.); (A.H.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0450 Oslo, Norway;
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Malta M, AlMutiri R, Martin CS, Srour M. Holoprosencephaly: Review of Embryology, Clinical Phenotypes, Etiology and Management. CHILDREN 2023; 10:children10040647. [PMID: 37189898 DOI: 10.3390/children10040647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Holoprosencephaly (HPE) is the most common malformation of the prosencephalon in humans. It is characterized by a continuum of structural brain anomalies resulting from the failure of midline cleavage of the prosencephalon. The three classic subtypes of HPE are alobar, semilobar and lobar, although a few additional categories have been added to this original classification. The severity of the clinical phenotype is broad and usually mirrors the radiologic and associated facial features. The etiology of HPE includes both environmental and genetic factors. Disruption of sonic hedgehog (SHH) signaling is the main pathophysiologic mechanism underlying HPE. Aneuploidies, chromosomal copy number variants and monogenic disorders are identified in a large proportion of HPE patients. Despite the high postnatal mortality and the invariable presence of developmental delay, recent advances in diagnostic methods and improvements in patient management over the years have helped to increase survival rates. In this review, we provide an overview of the current knowledge related to HPE, and discuss the classification, clinical features, genetic and environmental etiologies and management.
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Cappuccio G, Brillante S, Tammaro R, Pinelli M, De Bernardi ML, Gensini MG, Bijlsma EK, Koopmann TT, Hoffer MJV, McDonald K, Hendon LG, Douzgou S, Deshpande C, D'Arrigo S, Torella A, Nigro V, Franco B, Brunetti-Pierri N. Biallelic variants in CENPF causing a phenotype distinct from Strømme syndrome. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS. PART C, SEMINARS IN MEDICAL GENETICS 2022; 190:102-108. [PMID: 35488810 PMCID: PMC9322429 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.c.31973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Biallelic loss-of-function (LoF) variants in CENPF gene are responsible for Strømme syndrome, a condition presenting with intestinal atresia, anterior ocular chamber anomalies, and microcephaly. Through an international collaboration, four individuals (three males and one female) carrying CENPF biallelic variants, including two missense variants in homozygous state and four LoF variants, were identified by exome sequencing. All individuals had variable degree of developmental delay/intellectual disability and microcephaly (ranging from -2.9 SDS to -5.6 SDS) and a recognizable pattern of dysmorphic facial features including inverted-V shaped interrupted eyebrows, epicanthal fold, depressed nasal bridge, and pointed chin. Although one of the cases had duodenal atresia, all four individuals did not have the combination of internal organ malformations of Strømme syndrome (intestinal atresia and anterior eye segment abnormalities). Immunofluorescence analysis on skin fibroblasts on one of the four cases with the antibody for ARL13B that decorates primary cilia revealed shorter primary cilia that are consistent with a ciliary defect. This case-series of individuals with biallelic CENPF variants suggests the spectrum of clinical manifestations of the disorder that may be related to CENPF variants is broad and can include phenotypes lacking the cardinal features of Strømme syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerarda Cappuccio
- Department of Translational Medicine, Section of Pediatrics, Federico II University, Naples, Italy.,Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Naples, Italy
| | | | | | - Michele Pinelli
- Department of Translational Medicine, Section of Pediatrics, Federico II University, Naples, Italy.,Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Maria Grazia Gensini
- Department of Translational Medicine, Section of Pediatrics, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Emilia K Bijlsma
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Tamara T Koopmann
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Mariette J V Hoffer
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Kimberly McDonald
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
| | - Laura G Hendon
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
| | - Sofia Douzgou
- Department of Medical Genetics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Division of Evolution, Infection and Genomics, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Stefano D'Arrigo
- Department of Pediatric Neuroscience, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico C. Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Annalaura Torella
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Naples, Italy.,Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli', Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Nigro
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Naples, Italy.,Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli', Naples, Italy
| | - Brunella Franco
- Department of Translational Medicine, Section of Pediatrics, Federico II University, Naples, Italy.,Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Naples, Italy.,Scuola Superiore Meridionale, School for Advanced Studies, Naples, Italy
| | - Nicola Brunetti-Pierri
- Department of Translational Medicine, Section of Pediatrics, Federico II University, Naples, Italy.,Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Naples, Italy.,Scuola Superiore Meridionale, School for Advanced Studies, Naples, Italy
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Barratt KS, Drover KA, Thomas ZM, Arkell RM. Patterning of the antero-ventral mammalian brain: Lessons from holoprosencephaly comparative biology in man and mouse. WIREs Mech Dis 2022; 14:e1552. [PMID: 35137563 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Adult form and function are dependent upon the activity of specialized signaling centers that act early in development at the embryonic midline. These centers instruct the surrounding cells to adopt a positional fate and to form the patterned structures of the phylotypic embryo. Abnormalities in these processes have devastating consequences for the individual, as exemplified by holoprosencephaly in which anterior midline development fails, leading to structural defects of the brain and/or face. In the 25 years since the first association between human holoprosencephaly and the sonic hedgehog gene, a combination of human and animal genetic studies have enhanced our understanding of the genetic and embryonic causation of this congenital defect. Comparative biology has extended the holoprosencephaly network via the inclusion of gene mutations from multiple signaling pathways known to be required for anterior midline formation. It has also clarified aspects of holoprosencephaly causation, showing that it arises when a deleterious variant is present within a permissive genome, and that environmental factors, as well as embryonic stochasticity, influence the phenotypic outcome of the variant. More than two decades of research can now be distilled into a framework of embryonic and genetic causation. This framework means we are poised to move beyond our current understanding of variants in signaling pathway molecules. The challenges now at the forefront of holoprosencephaly research include deciphering how the mutation of genes involved in basic cell processes can also cause holoprosencephaly, determining the important constituents of the holoprosencephaly permissive genome, and identifying environmental compounds that promote holoprosencephaly. This article is categorized under: Congenital Diseases > Stem Cells and Development Congenital Diseases > Genetics/Genomics/Epigenetics Congenital Diseases > Molecular and Cellular Physiology Congenital Diseases > Environmental Factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen S Barratt
- John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Kyle A Drover
- John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Zoe M Thomas
- John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Ruth M Arkell
- John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
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Ho S, Luk HM, Lo IFM. The first case report of Strømme syndrome in a Chinese patient: Expanding the phenotype and literature review. Am J Med Genet A 2022; 188:1626-1629. [PMID: 35001526 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.62646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Strømme syndrome (MIM #243605) is a rare autosomal recessive ciliopathy resulting from compound heterozygous or homozygous pathogenic alterations in the CENPF gene (# 600236). Although there are a number of case reports featuring individuals with clinically compatible Strømme syndrome, only 13 affected individuals had molecular confirmation worldwide. Herein, we report a 24 years old Chinese gentleman with molecularly confirmed Strømme syndrome with compound heterozygous pathogenic nonsense variants in NM_016343.3(CENPF):c.436C > T, p.(Gln146*) and c.9280C > T, p.(Arg3094*). He presented with microcephaly, unilateral microphthalmia, single central upper incisor and bilateral preaxial polydactyly. To our knowledge, this is the first reported Chinese individual with molecularly confirmed Strømme syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Ho
- Clinical Genetic Service, Department of Health, HKSAR, Hong Kong
| | - Ho-Ming Luk
- Clinical Genetic Service, Department of Health, HKSAR, Hong Kong
| | - Ivan F M Lo
- Clinical Genetic Service, Department of Health, HKSAR, Hong Kong
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Guo Y, Hu J, Zhao Z, Zhong G, Gong J, Cai D. Identification of a Prognostic Model Based on 2-Gene Signature and Analysis of Corresponding Tumor Microenvironment in Alcohol-Related Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2021; 11:719355. [PMID: 34646769 PMCID: PMC8503534 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.719355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most prevalent malignant tumors with the poor prognosis. Nowadays, alcohol is becoming a leading risk factor of HCC in many countries. In our study, we obtained the DEGs in alcohol-related HCC through two databases (TCGA and GEO). Subsequently, we performed enrichment analyses (GO and KEGG), constructed the PPI network and screened the 53 hub genes by Cytoscape. Two genes (BUB1B and CENPF) from hub genes was screened by LASSO and Cox regression analyses to construct the prognostic model. Then, we found that the high risk group had the worse prognosis and verified the clinical value of the risk score in alcohol-related HCC. Finally, we analyzed the tumor microenvironment between high and low risk groups through CIBERSORT and ESTIMATE. In summary, we constructed the two-gene prognostic model that could predict the poor prognosis in patients with alcohol-related HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Guo
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, People's Hospital of Changshou, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiejun Hu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhibo Zhao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guochao Zhong
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jianping Gong
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dong Cai
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Zou PA, Yang ZX, Wang X, Tao ZW. Upregulation of CENPF is linked to aggressive features of osteosarcoma. Oncol Lett 2021; 22:648. [PMID: 34386070 PMCID: PMC8299040 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Centromere protein F (CENPF) plays a key role in the regulation of the cell cycle. The present study revealed that CENPF was overexpressed in a variety of tumors and associated with the poor prognosis of osteosarcoma. The mRNA expression levels of CENPF were analyzed using the Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis database and the protein levels of CENPF were detected in the specimens from patients with osteosarcoma using immunohistochemistry. Cell proliferation, cell cycle and flow cytometry assays were performed after the transfection of control or CENPF plasmids into osteosarcoma cells. A xenografts assay was used to determine the effects of CENPF on tumor growth in vivo. The results showed that CENPF was upregulated in osteosarcoma tissues and associated with high-grade tumor stage (P=0.023) and intraglandular dissemination (P=0.046). The transfection-induced depletion of CENPF in human osteosarcoma MG-63 and U-2 OS cell lines inhibited cell proliferation, stimulated apoptosis and induced cell cycle arrest. Induced CENPF depletion in MG-63 cells inhibited tumor growth of osteosarcoma cells in mice. These findings suggested that elevated CENPF levels contributed to increased cell proliferation by mediating apoptosis and cell cycle in osteosarcoma. Therefore, CENPF might be a potential biomarker for poor prognosis of osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping-An Zou
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Oncology, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330029, P.R. China
| | - Zheng-Xu Yang
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Oncology, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330029, P.R. China
| | - Xi Wang
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Oncology, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330029, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Wei Tao
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Oncology, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330029, P.R. China
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Han Y, Xu S, Cheng K, Diao C, Liu S, Zou W, Bi Y. CENPF promotes papillary thyroid cancer progression by mediating cell proliferation and apoptosis. Exp Ther Med 2021; 21:401. [PMID: 33680123 PMCID: PMC7918471 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.9832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Papillary thyroid cancer (PTHCA) accounts for ~85% cases of thyroid cancer and exhibits high incidence. Targeted therapy is an effective method to combat this disease; however, novel therapeutic targets are required. Centromere protein F (CENPF), a member of centromere proteins and a transient kinetochore protein, regulates various cellular processes such as cell migration and mitosis, and its upregulation has been observed in multiple types of cancer, including breast cancer and gastric cancer. However, the potential role of CENPF in PTHCA progression is remains unclear. The results of the current study demonstrated that CENPF expression was enhanced in human PTHCA tissues through IHC assays. Furthermore, the expression of CENPF was correlated with the prognosis and the clinicopathological features, including T stage (P=0.021) and intraglandular dissemination (P=0.042) in patients with PTHCA. CENPF regulated the proliferation, apoptosis and cell cycle of PTHCA cells in vitro, which was confirmed through colony formation, MTT and flow cytometry assays, and affected tumor growth in vivo in mice. In conclusion, the current study reported the involvement of CENPF in PTHCA progression and provided a promising therapeutic target for PTHCA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Han
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong 256603, P.R. China
| | - Shujian Xu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong 256603, P.R. China
| | - Kai Cheng
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong 256603, P.R. China
| | - Caimei Diao
- Department of Health Management, The People's Hospital of South District of Qingdao, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, P.R. China
| | - Song Liu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong 256603, P.R. China
| | - Weiwei Zou
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong 256603, P.R. China
| | - Yueyang Bi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong 256603, P.R. China
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He R, Wang L, Li J, Ma L, Wang F, Wang Y. Integrated Analysis of a Competing Endogenous RNA Network Reveals a Prognostic Signature in Kidney Renal Papillary Cell Carcinoma. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:612924. [PMID: 33344459 PMCID: PMC7744790 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.612924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The kidney renal papillary cell carcinoma (KIRP) is a relatively rare type of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Currently, most kidney cancer studies primarily focus on RCC, and there has been no investigation to find a robust signature to predict the survival outcome of KIRP patients. In this study, we constructed a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network, including 1,251 lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA interactions. Eight differentially expressed genes (IGF2BP3, PLK1, LINC00200, NCAPG, CENPF, miR-217, GAS6-As1, and LRRC4) based on the TCGA database were selected. The prognostic signature was established by combining the univariate Cox regression method and a stepwise regression method, with its predictive value validated by time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. In conclusion, we identified eight prognostic signatures with using ceRNA networks. Our study provided a global view and a systematic dissection on KIRP prognosis biomarkers, and the eight identified genes might be used as new and important prognostic factors involved in KIRP pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruyi He
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-resources, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Longyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-resources, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Juan Li
- Shine Star (Hubei) Biological Engineering Co., Ltd., Wuhan, China
| | - Lixin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-resources, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-resources, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-resources, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
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