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Roche i Morgó O, Aleksejev J, Astolfo A, Savvidis S, Gerli MFM, Cipiccia S, Olivo A, Hagen CK. Utility of knife-edge position tracking in cycloidal computed tomography. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:43209-43222. [PMID: 36523024 PMCID: PMC9765405 DOI: 10.1364/oe.470798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Cycloidal computed tomography provides high-resolution images within relatively short scan times by combining beam modulation with dedicated under-sampling. However, implementing the technique relies on accurate knowledge of the sample's motion, particularly in the case of continuous scans, which is often unavailable due to hardware or software limitations. We have developed an easy-to-implement position tracking technique using a sharp edge, which can provide reliable information about the trajectory of the sample and thus improve the reconstruction process. Furthermore, this approach also enables the development of other innovative sampling schemes, which may otherwise be difficult to implement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oriol Roche i Morgó
- Dept. of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Jure Aleksejev
- Dept. of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Alberto Astolfo
- Dept. of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Savvas Savvidis
- Dept. of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Mattia FM Gerli
- UCL Divison of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, Rowland Hill Street, London, NW3 2P, UK
| | - Silvia Cipiccia
- Dept. of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Alessandro Olivo
- Dept. of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Charlotte K. Hagen
- Dept. of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, WC1E 6BT, UK
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Mettivier G, di Franco F, Sarno A, Castriconi R, Di Lillo F, Bliznakova K, Russo P. In-Line Phase Contrast Mammography, Phase Contrast Digital Breast Tomosynthesis, and Phase Contrast Breast Computed Tomography With a Dedicated CT Scanner and a Microfocus X-Ray Tube: Experimental Phantom Study. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON RADIATION AND PLASMA MEDICAL SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1109/trpms.2020.3003380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Roche I Morgó O, Vittoria F, Endrizzi M, Olivo A, Hagen CK. Technical Note: Practical implementation strategies of cycloidal computed tomography. Med Phys 2021; 48:6524-6530. [PMID: 34169514 DOI: 10.1002/mp.14821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Cycloidal computed tomography is a novel imaging concept which combines a highly structured x-ray beam, offset lateral under-sampling, and mathematical data recovery to obtain high-resolution images efficiently and flexibly, even with relatively large source focal spots and detector pixels. The method reduces scanning time and, potentially, delivered dose compared to other sampling schemes. This study aims to present and discuss several implementation strategies for cycloidal computed tomography (CT) in order to increase its ease of use and facilitate uptake within the imaging community. METHODS The different implementation strategies presented are step-and-shoot, continuous unidirectional, continuous back-and-forth, and continuous pixel-wise scanning. In step-and-shoot scans the sample remains stationary while frames are acquired, whereas in all other cases the sample moves through the scanner continuously. The difference between the continuous approaches is the trajectory by which the sample moves within the field of view. RESULTS All four implementation strategies are compatible with a standard table-top x-ray setup. With the experimental setup applied here, step-and-shoot acquisitions yield the best spatial resolution (around 30 µm), but are the most time-consuming (1.4 h). Continuous unidirectional and back-and-forth images have resolution between 30 and 40 µm, and are faster (35 min). Continuous pixel-wise images are equally time-efficient, although technical challenges caused a small loss in image quality with a resolution of about 50 µm. CONCLUSION The authors show that cycloidal CT can be implemented in a variety of ways with high quality results. They believe this posits cycloidal CT as a powerful imaging alternative to more time-consuming and less flexible methods in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oriol Roche I Morgó
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Fabio Vittoria
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.,ENEA Radiation Protection Institute, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Endrizzi
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Alessandro Olivo
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Charlotte K Hagen
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
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4
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Hagen CK, Roche i Morgó O, Olivo A. Predicting the noise in hybrid (phase and attenuation) x‐ray images acquired with the edge illumination technique. Med Phys 2020; 47:4439-4449. [DOI: 10.1002/mp.14366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Klara Hagen
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering University College London Malet Place, Gower Street LondonWC1E 6BTUK
| | - Oriol Roche i Morgó
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering University College London Malet Place, Gower Street LondonWC1E 6BTUK
| | - Alessandro Olivo
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering University College London Malet Place, Gower Street LondonWC1E 6BTUK
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Havariyoun G, Vittoria FA, Hagen CK, Basta D, Kallon GK, Endrizzi M, Massimi L, Munro P, Hawker S, Smit B, Astolfo A, Larkin OJ, Waltham RM, Shah Z, Duffy SW, Nelan RL, Peel A, Suaris T, Jones JL, Haig IG, Bate D, Olivo A. A compact system for intraoperative specimen imaging based on edge illumination x-ray phase contrast. Phys Med Biol 2019; 64:235005. [PMID: 31569079 PMCID: PMC7655119 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/ab4912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
A significant number of patients receiving breast-conserving surgery (BCS) for invasive carcinoma and ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) may need reoperation following tumor-positive margins from final histopathology tests. All current intraoperative margin assessment modalities have specific limitations. As a first step towards the development of a compact system for intraoperative specimen imaging based on edge illumination x-ray phase contrast, we prove that the system's dimensions can be reduced without affecting imaging performance. We analysed the variation in noise and contrast to noise ratio (CNR) with decreasing system length using the edge illumination x-ray phase contrast imaging setup. Two-(planar) and three-(computed tomography (CT)) dimensional imaging acquisitions of custom phantoms and a breast tissue specimen were made. Dedicated phase retrieval algorithms were used to separate refraction and absorption signals. A 'single-shot' retrieval method was also used, to retrieve thickness map images, due to its simple acquisition procedure and reduced acquisition times. Experimental results were compared to numerical simulations where appropriate. The relative contribution of dark noise signal in integrating detectors is significant for low photon count statistics acquisitions. Under constant exposure factors and magnification, a more compact system provides an increase in CNR. Superior CNR results were obtained for refraction and thickness map images when compared to absorption images. Results indicate that the 'single-shot' acquisition method is preferable for a compact CT intraoperative specimen scanner; it allows for shorter acquisition times and its combination of the absorption and refraction signals ultimately leads to a higher contrast. The first CT images of a breast specimen acquired with the compact system provided promising results when compared to those of the longer length system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glafkos Havariyoun
- Department of Medical Physics and
Bioengineering, University College
London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
- Author to whom correspondence should be
addressed
| | - Fabio A Vittoria
- Department of Medical Physics and
Bioengineering, University College
London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
- Current address: ENEA- Radiation Protection Institue, 4 Via
Martiri di Monte Sole, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Charlotte K Hagen
- Department of Medical Physics and
Bioengineering, University College
London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Dario Basta
- Department of Medical Physics and
Bioengineering, University College
London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Gibril K Kallon
- Department of Medical Physics and
Bioengineering, University College
London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Marco Endrizzi
- Department of Medical Physics and
Bioengineering, University College
London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Lorenzo Massimi
- Department of Medical Physics and
Bioengineering, University College
London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Munro
- Department of Medical Physics and
Bioengineering, University College
London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Sam Hawker
- Nikon X-Tek Systems, Tring Business Centre, Icknield Way,
Tring, Hertfordshire, HP23 4JX, United Kingdom
| | - Bennie Smit
- Nikon X-Tek Systems, Tring Business Centre, Icknield Way,
Tring, Hertfordshire, HP23 4JX, United Kingdom
| | - Alberto Astolfo
- Nikon X-Tek Systems, Tring Business Centre, Icknield Way,
Tring, Hertfordshire, HP23 4JX, United Kingdom
| | - Oliver J Larkin
- Nikon X-Tek Systems, Tring Business Centre, Icknield Way,
Tring, Hertfordshire, HP23 4JX, United Kingdom
| | - Richard M Waltham
- Nikon X-Tek Systems, Tring Business Centre, Icknield Way,
Tring, Hertfordshire, HP23 4JX, United Kingdom
| | - Zoheb Shah
- Barts and the London School of Medicine and
Dentistry, Queen Mary University of
London, Newark St, London E1 2AT, United
Kingdom
| | - Stephen W Duffy
- Barts and the London School of Medicine and
Dentistry, Queen Mary University of
London, Newark St, London E1 2AT, United
Kingdom
| | - Rachel L Nelan
- Barts and the London School of Medicine and
Dentistry, Queen Mary University of
London, Newark St, London E1 2AT, United
Kingdom
| | - Anthony Peel
- St Bartholomew’s Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, West Smithfields,
London EC1A 7BE, United Kingdom
| | - Tamara Suaris
- St Bartholomew’s Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, West Smithfields,
London EC1A 7BE, United Kingdom
| | - J Louise Jones
- Barts and the London School of Medicine and
Dentistry, Queen Mary University of
London, Newark St, London E1 2AT, United
Kingdom
- St Bartholomew’s Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, West Smithfields,
London EC1A 7BE, United Kingdom
| | - Ian G Haig
- Nikon X-Tek Systems, Tring Business Centre, Icknield Way,
Tring, Hertfordshire, HP23 4JX, United Kingdom
| | - David Bate
- Nikon X-Tek Systems, Tring Business Centre, Icknield Way,
Tring, Hertfordshire, HP23 4JX, United Kingdom
| | - Alessandro Olivo
- Department of Medical Physics and
Bioengineering, University College
London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
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Baran P, Mayo S, McCormack M, Pacile S, Tromba G, Dullin C, Zanconati F, Arfelli F, Dreossi D, Fox J, Prodanovic Z, Cholewa M, Quiney H, Dimmock M, Nesterets Y, Thompson D, Brennan P, Gureyev T. High-Resolution X-Ray Phase-Contrast 3-D Imaging of Breast Tissue Specimens as a Possible Adjunct to Histopathology. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MEDICAL IMAGING 2018; 37:2642-2650. [PMID: 29994112 DOI: 10.1109/tmi.2018.2845905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Histopathological analysis is the current gold standard in breast cancer diagnosis and management, however, as imaging technology improves, the amount of potential diagnostic information that may be demonstrable radiologically should also increase. We aimed to evaluate the potential clinical usefulness of 3-D phase-contrast micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) imaging at high spatial resolutions as an adjunct to conventional histological microscopy. Ten breast tissue specimens, 2 mm in diameter, were scanned at the SYRMEP beamline of the Elettra Synchrotron using the propagation-based phase-contrast micro-tomography method. We obtained pixel size images, which were analyzed and compared with corresponding histological sections examined under light microscopy. To evaluate the effect of spatial resolution on breast cancer diagnosis, scans with four different pixel sizes were also performed. Our comparative analysis revealed that high-resolution images can enable, at a near-histological level, detailed architectural assessment of tissue that may permit increased breast cancer diagnostic sensitivity and specificity when compared with current imaging practices. The potential clinical applications of this method are also discussed.
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Preliminary research on body composition measurement using X-ray phase contrast imaging. Phys Med 2018; 52:1-8. [PMID: 30139597 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2018.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Body composition measurement is of cardinal significance for medical and clinical applications. Currently, the dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) technique is widely applied for this measurement. In this study, we present a novel measurement method using the absorption and phase information obtained simultaneously from the X-ray grating-based interferometer (XGI). Rather than requiring two projection data sets with different X-ray energy spectra, with the proposed method, both the areal densities of the bone and the surrounding soft tissue can be acquired utilizing one projection data set. By using a human body phantom constructed to validate the proposed method, experimental results have shown that the compositions can be calculated with an improved accuracy comparing to the dual energy method, especially for the soft tissue measurement. Since the proposed method can be easily implemented on current XGI setup, it will greatly extend the applications of the XGI, and meanwhile has the potential to be an alternative to DEXA for human body composition measurement.
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Han H, Hu R, Wali F, Wu Z, Gao K, Wang S, Gu Y, Jin Y, Zhai C. Phase-contrast imaging for body composition measurement. Phys Med 2017; 43:25-33. [PMID: 29195559 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2017.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 10/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE In this paper, we propose a novel method for human body composition measurement, especially for the bone mineral density (BMD) measurement. The proposed method, using the absorption and differential phase information retrieved from X-ray grating-based interferometer (XGBI) to measure the BMD, has potential to replace dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA), which is currently widely used for body composition measurement. METHODS The DEXA method employs two absorption images acquired at two different X-ray spectra (high energy and low energy) to calculate the human body composition. In this paper, a new method to calculate BMD using a single X-ray measurement is proposed. XGBI is a relatively new X-ray technique that provides absorption, phase and scattering information simultaneously using a single X-ray spectrum. With the absorption and differential phase information retrieved from XGBI, BMD can be measured using only one single X-ray spectrum. Numerical simulations are performed with a body phantom of bone (Cortical, ICRU-44) surrounded by soft tissue (Soft, ICRU-44). BMD is calculated with both the DEXA method and the proposed method. RESULTS Results show that BMD can be measured accurately with the proposed method; moreover, better signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is obtained compared to DEXA. CONCLUSION With the proposed method, BMD can be measured with XGBI setup. Further, the proposed method can be realized using current X-ray phase-contrast imaging (XPCI) apparatus without any hardware modification, suggesting that this technique can be a promising supplementary function to current XPCI equipment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huajie Han
- Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China; National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Renfang Hu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Faiz Wali
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Zhao Wu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Kun Gao
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Shenghao Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Yonggang Gu
- Experimental Center of Engineering and Material Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Yi Jin
- Experimental Center of Engineering and Material Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Chao Zhai
- Experimental Center of Engineering and Material Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China.
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Hybrid framework for feasible modeling of an edge illumination X-ray phase-contrast imaging system at a human scale. Phys Med 2017; 40:1-10. [PMID: 28729133 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2017.05.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Revised: 05/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we present a hybrid approach for simulating an edge illumination X-ray phase-contrast imaging (EIXPCi) set-up using graphics processor units (GPU) with a high degree of accuracy. In this study, the applicability of pixel, mesh and non-uniform rational B-splines (NURBS) objects to carry out realistic maps of X-ray phase-contrast distribution at a human scale is accounted for by using numerical anthropomorphic phantoms and a very fast and robust simulation framework which integrates total interaction probabilities along selected X-ray paths. We exploit the mathematical and algorithmic properties of NURBS and describe how to represent human scale phantoms in an edge illumination X-ray phase-contrast model. The presented implementation allows the modeling of a variety of physical interactions of x-rays with different mathematically described objects and the recording of quantities, e.g. path integrals, interaction sites and deposited energies. Furthermore, our efficient, scalable and optimized hybrid Monte Carlo and ray-tracing projector can be used in iterative reconstruction algorithms on multi GPU heterogeneous systems. The preliminary results of our innovative approach show the fine performance of an edge illumination X-ray phase-contrast medical imaging system on various human-like soft tissues with noticeably reduced computation time. Our approach to the EIXPCi modeling confirms that building a true imaging system at a human scale should be possible and the simulations presented here aim at its future development.
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