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Naik AT, Kamensky KM, Hellum AM, Moisander PH. Disturbance frequency directs microbial community succession in marine biofilms exposed to shear. mSphere 2023; 8:e0024823. [PMID: 37931135 PMCID: PMC10790581 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00248-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Disturbances are major drivers of community succession in many microbial systems; however, relatively little is known about marine biofilm community succession, especially under antifouling disturbance. Antifouling technologies exert strong local disturbances on marine biofilms, and resulting biomass losses can be accompanied by shifts in biofilm community composition and succession. We address this gap in knowledge by bridging microbial ecology with antifouling technology development. We show that disturbance by shear can strongly alter marine biofilm community succession, acting as a selective filter influenced by frequency of exposure. Examining marine biofilm succession patterns with and without shear revealed stable associations between key prokaryotic and eukaryotic taxa, highlighting the importance of cross-domain assessment in future marine biofilm research. Describing how compounded top-down and bottom-up disturbances shape the succession of marine biofilms is valuable for understanding the assembly and stability of these complex microbial communities and predicting species invasiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek T. Naik
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, North Dartmouth, Massachusetts, USA
- School of Marine Science and Technology, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, New Bedford, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Aren M. Hellum
- Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Newport, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Pia H. Moisander
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, North Dartmouth, Massachusetts, USA
- School of Marine Science and Technology, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, New Bedford, Massachusetts, USA
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Nakamura Y, Itagaki H, Tuji A, Shimode S, Yamaguchi A, Hidaka K, Ogiso-Tanaka E. DNA metabarcoding focused on difficult-to-culture protists: An effective approach to clarify biological interactions. Environ Microbiol 2023; 25:3630-3638. [PMID: 37853476 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.16524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
DNA metabarcoding on a single organism is a promising approach to clarify the biological interactions (e.g., predator-prey relationships and symbiosis, including parasitism) of difficult-to-culture protists. To evaluate the effectiveness of this method, Radiolaria and Phaeodaria, which are ecologically important protistan groups, were chosen as target taxa. DNA metabarcoding on a single organism focused on the V9 region of the 18S rRNA gene revealed potential symbionts, parasites and food sources of Radiolaria and Phaeodaria. Previously reported hosts and symbionts (parasites) were detected, and newly recognized combinations were also identified. The contained organisms largely differed between Radiolaria and Phaeodaria. In Radiolaria, members of the same order tended to contain similar organisms, and the taxonomic composition of possible symbionts, parasites, and food sources was fixed at the species level. Members of the same phaeodarian family, however, did not contain similar organisms, and body part (i.e., the central capsule or the phaeodium) was the most important factor that divided the taxonomic composition of detected organisms, implying that the selection of appropriate body part is important when trying to ascertain contained organisms, even for unicellular zooplankton. Our results show that DNA metabarcoding on a single organism is effective in revealing the biological interactions of difficult-to-culture protists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhide Nakamura
- Estuary Research Center, Shimane University, Matsue, Japan
- Department of Botany, National Museum of Nature and Science, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Hiryori Itagaki
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihiro Tuji
- Department of Botany, National Museum of Nature and Science, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Shinji Shimode
- Manazuru Marine Center for Environmental Research and Education, Yokohama National University, Manazuru, Japan
| | | | - Kiyotaka Hidaka
- Fisheries Resources Institute, Fisheries Research and Education Agency, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Eri Ogiso-Tanaka
- Center for Molecular Biodiversity Research, National Museum of Nature and Science, Tsukuba, Japan
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Cavalier-Smith T. Ciliary transition zone evolution and the root of the eukaryote tree: implications for opisthokont origin and classification of kingdoms Protozoa, Plantae, and Fungi. PROTOPLASMA 2022; 259:487-593. [PMID: 34940909 PMCID: PMC9010356 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-021-01665-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
I thoroughly discuss ciliary transition zone (TZ) evolution, highlighting many overlooked evolutionarily significant ultrastructural details. I establish fundamental principles of TZ ultrastructure and evolution throughout eukaryotes, inferring unrecognised ancestral TZ patterns for Fungi, opisthokonts, and Corticata (i.e., kingdoms Plantae and Chromista). Typical TZs have a dense transitional plate (TP), with a previously overlooked complex lattice as skeleton. I show most eukaryotes have centriole/TZ junction acorn-V filaments (whose ancestral function was arguably supporting central pair microtubule-nucleating sites; I discuss their role in centriole growth). Uniquely simple malawimonad TZs (without TP, simpler acorn) pinpoint the eukaryote tree's root between them and TP-bearers, highlighting novel superclades. I integrate TZ/ciliary evolution with the best multiprotein trees, naming newly recognised major eukaryote clades and revise megaclassification of basal kingdom Protozoa. Recent discovery of non-photosynthetic phagotrophic flagellates with genome-free plastids (Rhodelphis), the sister group to phylum Rhodophyta (red algae), illuminates plant and chromist early evolution. I show previously overlooked marked similarities in cell ultrastructure between Rhodelphis and Picomonas, formerly considered an early diverging chromist. In both a nonagonal tube lies between their TP and an annular septum surrounding their 9+2 ciliary axoneme. Mitochondrial dense condensations and mitochondrion-linked smooth endomembrane cytoplasmic partitioning cisternae further support grouping Picomonadea and Rhodelphea as new plant phylum Pararhoda. As Pararhoda/Rhodophyta form a robust clade on site-heterogeneous multiprotein trees, I group Pararhoda and Rhodophyta as new infrakingdom Rhodaria of Plantae within subkingdom Biliphyta, which also includes Glaucophyta with fundamentally similar TZ, uniquely in eukaryotes. I explain how biliphyte TZs generated viridiplant stellate-structures.
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Hujslová M, Gryndlerová H, Bystrianský L, Hršelová H, Gryndler M. Biofilm and planktonic microbial communities in highly acidic soil (pH < 3) in the Soos National Nature Reserve, Czech Republic. Extremophiles 2020; 24:577-591. [PMID: 32449144 DOI: 10.1007/s00792-020-01177-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Biofilm formation is a typical life strategy used by microorganisms populating acidic water systems. The same strategy might be used by microbes in highly acidic soils that are, however, neglected in this regard. In the present study, the microbial community in such highly acidic soil in the Soos National Nature Reserve (Czech Republic) has been investigated using high-throughput DNA sequencing and the organisms associated with biofilm life mode and those preferring planktonic life were distinguished using the biofilm trap technique. Our data show the differences between biofilm and planktonic microbiota fraction, although the majority of the organisms were capable of using both life modes. The by far most abundant prokaryotic genus was Acidiphilium and fungi were identified among the most abundant eukaryotic elements in biofilm formations. On the other hand, small flagellates from diverse taxonomical groups predominated in plankton. The application of cellulose amendment as well as the depth of sampling significantly influenced the composition of the detected microbial community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Hujslová
- Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Vídeňská 1083, 14220, Prague 4, Czech Republic.
| | - Hana Gryndlerová
- Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Vídeňská 1083, 14220, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Lukáš Bystrianský
- Faculty of Science, Jan Evangelista Purkyně University in Ústí nad Labem, České mládeže 8, 40096, Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Hršelová
- Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Vídeňská 1083, 14220, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Gryndler
- Faculty of Science, Jan Evangelista Purkyně University in Ústí nad Labem, České mládeže 8, 40096, Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic
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Mylnikov AP, Tikhonenkov DV, Karpov SA, Wylezich C. Microscopical Studies on Ministeria vibrans Tong, 1997 (Filasterea) Highlight the Cytoskeletal Structure of the Common Ancestor of Filasterea, Metazoa and Choanoflagellata. Protist 2019; 170:385-396. [DOI: 10.1016/j.protis.2019.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Azovsky AI, Tikhonenkov DV, Mazei YA. An Estimation of the Global Diversity and Distribution of the Smallest Eukaryotes: Biogeography of Marine Benthic Heterotrophic Flagellates. Protist 2016; 167:411-424. [DOI: 10.1016/j.protis.2016.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Revised: 06/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Weber F, Mylnikov AP, Jürgens K, Wylezich C. Culturing Heterotrophic Protists from the Baltic Sea: Mostly the "Usual Suspects" but a Few Novelties as Well. J Eukaryot Microbiol 2016; 64:153-163. [PMID: 27432754 DOI: 10.1111/jeu.12347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Revised: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The study of cultured strains has a long tradition in protistological research and has greatly contributed to establishing the morphology, taxonomy, and ecology of many protist species. However, cultivation-independent techniques, based on 18S rRNA gene sequences, have demonstrated that natural protistan assemblages mainly consist of hitherto uncultured protist lineages. This mismatch impedes the linkage of environmental diversity data with the biological features of cultured strains. Thus, novel taxa need to be obtained in culture to close this knowledge gap. In this study, traditional cultivation techniques were applied to samples from coastal surface waters and from deep oxygen-depleted waters of the Baltic Sea. Based on 18S rRNA gene sequencing, 126 monoclonal cultures of heterotrophic protists were identified. The majority of the isolated strains were affiliated with already cultured and described taxa, mainly chrysophytes and bodonids. This was likely due to "culturing bias" but also to the eutrophic nature of the Baltic Sea. Nonetheless, ~ 12% of the isolates in our culture collection showed highly divergent 18S rRNA gene sequences compared to those of known organisms and thus may represent novel taxa, either at the species level or at the genus level. Moreover, we also obtained evidence that some of the isolated taxa are ecologically relevant, under certain conditions, in the Baltic Sea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Weber
- Biological Oceanography, IOW-Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemünde, Seestr. 15, Rostock, 18119, Germany
| | - Alexander P Mylnikov
- Biological Oceanography, IOW-Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemünde, Seestr. 15, Rostock, 18119, Germany.,Institute for the Biology of Inland Waters, Russian Academy of Sciences, Borok, Yaroslavskaya Obl., 152742, Russia
| | - Klaus Jürgens
- Biological Oceanography, IOW-Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemünde, Seestr. 15, Rostock, 18119, Germany
| | - Claudia Wylezich
- Biological Oceanography, IOW-Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemünde, Seestr. 15, Rostock, 18119, Germany
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