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Youssef SH, Ganesan R, Amirmostofian M, Kim S, Polara R, Afinjuomo F, Song Y, Chereda B, Singhal N, Robinson N, Garg S. Printing a cure: A tailored solution for localized drug delivery in liver cancer treatment. Int J Pharm 2024; 651:123790. [PMID: 38190951 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.123790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Adjuvant chemotherapy is highly recommended for liver cancer to enhance survival rates due to its tendency to recur frequently. Localized drug-eluting implants have gained traction as an alternative to overcome the limitations of systemic chemotherapy. This work describes the development of biodegradable 3D printed (3DP) bilayer films loaded with 5-fluorouracil (5FU) and cisplatin (Cis) with different infill percentages where the 5FU layers were 40%, 30%, and 30% and Cis layers were 10%, 15%, and 10% for films A, B, and C, respectively. The relevant characterization tests were performed, and the drug content of films was 0.68, 0.50, and 0.50 mg of 5FU and 0.39, 0.80, and 0.34 mg of Cis for films A, B, and C, respectively. Cis release was affected by the alterations to the film design, where films A, B, and C showed complete release at 12, 14, and 23 days, respectively. However, 5FU was released over 24 h for all films. The films were stable for up to two weeks after storage at 25 °C/65% relative humidity and four weeks at 4 °C where drug content, tensile strength, FTIR, and thermal analysis results demonstrated negligible alterations. The cytotoxicity of the films was assessed by MTS assays using HepG2 cell lines demonstrating up to 81% reduction in cell viability compared to blank films. Moreover, apoptosis was confirmed by Western Blots and the determination of mitochondrial cell potential, highlighting the potential of these films as a promising approach in adjuvant chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souha H Youssef
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Innovation (CPI), University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Raja Ganesan
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | | | - Sangseo Kim
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Innovation (CPI), University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Ruhi Polara
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Franklin Afinjuomo
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Innovation (CPI), University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Yunmei Song
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Innovation (CPI), University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Bradley Chereda
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Nimit Singhal
- Royal Adelaide Hospital, Central Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Dept of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Nirmal Robinson
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Discipline of Medicine and the Faculty of Health Science, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Sanjay Garg
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Innovation (CPI), University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
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Li Q, Yu X, Zheng X, Yang J, Hui J, Fan D. Rapid dissolution microneedle based on polyvinyl alcohol/chitosan for local oral anesthesia. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 257:128629. [PMID: 38070795 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
At present, the main clinical methods of oral local anesthesia are direct injection of anesthetic and surface ointment. However, the pain and fear caused by the injection, the discomfort of topical anesthetic creams, and the scour and moist oral environment during the procedure pose great challenges to oral anesthesia. Herein, we designed a Lido-PVP/PVA DMNP microneedle (MN) for oral local anesthesia. The microneedle tip was consisted of Polyvinylpyrrolidone/Polyvinyl alcohol (PVP/PVA), which can quickly dissolve and release the lidocaine hydrochloride (Lido) drug within 5 min to achieve rapid anesthesia. The backing was composed of polyvinyl alcohol/chitosan (PVA/CS), and its excellent adhesion can overcome saliva erosion and anchor firmly to the oral mucosa, significantly improving the utilization rate of drugs, as well as the patient compliance. MNs have good mechanical properties for tissue insertion while possessing high drug loading (3 mg/MNs). Von Frey tests proved that MNs showed a faster and more effective local anesthetic effect (anesthesia takes effect at 5 min) compared to cream (anesthesia takes effect at 30 min). In addition, the excellent biocompatibility and no skin irritation endowed Lido-PVP/PVA DMNP MNs a great potential for oral local anesthesia in the oral cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanpeng Li
- Engineering Research Center of Western Resource Innovation Medicine Green Manufacturing, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Degradable Biomedical Materials and Shaanxi R&D Center of Biomaterials and Fermentation Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China; Biotech. & Biomed. Research Institute, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xueqing Yu
- Engineering Research Center of Western Resource Innovation Medicine Green Manufacturing, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Degradable Biomedical Materials and Shaanxi R&D Center of Biomaterials and Fermentation Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China; Biotech. & Biomed. Research Institute, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zheng
- Engineering Research Center of Western Resource Innovation Medicine Green Manufacturing, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Degradable Biomedical Materials and Shaanxi R&D Center of Biomaterials and Fermentation Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China; Biotech. & Biomed. Research Institute, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Engineering Research Center of Western Resource Innovation Medicine Green Manufacturing, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Degradable Biomedical Materials and Shaanxi R&D Center of Biomaterials and Fermentation Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China; Biotech. & Biomed. Research Institute, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, Shaanxi, China
| | - Junfeng Hui
- Engineering Research Center of Western Resource Innovation Medicine Green Manufacturing, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Degradable Biomedical Materials and Shaanxi R&D Center of Biomaterials and Fermentation Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China; Biotech. & Biomed. Research Institute, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Daidi Fan
- Engineering Research Center of Western Resource Innovation Medicine Green Manufacturing, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Degradable Biomedical Materials and Shaanxi R&D Center of Biomaterials and Fermentation Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China; Biotech. & Biomed. Research Institute, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, Shaanxi, China.
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Švára D, Filipová B, Jelínek P, Mikeš P, Kluk A, Šoóš M. The impact of polymer mixture composition on the properties of electrospun membranes for drug delivery applications. Int J Pharm 2023; 647:123548. [PMID: 37890644 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Orally dispersible films (ODFs) prepared by an electrospinning are a novel type of pharmaceutical formulation. This dosage form has the potential to be beneficial for small children and the elderly, who can have problems with administration of classical tablets due to the increased risk of choking and difficulty with swallowing. Due to the highly porous nanofiber morphology, the ODFs examined in this study achieve rapid disintegration into drug microparticles when in contact with saliva. The suspension is then easier to swallow. In this study, we focus on the impact of film composition (polymer matrix composition) on the properties of electrospun membranes. In particular, we prepared ODFs composed of a mixture of PEG 100 000 with HPMC E5 and PVP k90 with HPMC E5. We found significant differences in the structure of electrospinned membranes, where samples containing PEG 100 000 and HPMC E5 exhibited much narrower distribution of fibers. Furthermore, nanofibers containing PVP k90 exhibit a faster disintegration rate, while dissolution of the drug was faster in the case of PEG 100 000 containing ODFs. The improvement was caused by both the structure and composition of the membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Švára
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 3, 166 28 Prague 6 - Dejvice, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Filipová
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Humanities and Education, Technical University of Liberec, Studentská 1402/2, 461 17 Liberec, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Jelínek
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 3, 166 28 Prague 6 - Dejvice, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Mikeš
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Humanities and Education, Technical University of Liberec, Studentská 1402/2, 461 17 Liberec, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Kluk
- Zentiva, k.s., U Kabelovny 130, 102 00 Prague 10, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Šoóš
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 3, 166 28 Prague 6 - Dejvice, Czech Republic.
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Reolon JB, Saccol CP, Osmari BF, de Oliveira DB, Prado VC, Cabral FL, da Rosa LS, Rechia GC, Leal DBR, Cruz L. Karaya/Gellan-Gum-Based Bilayer Films Containing 3,3'-Diindolylmethane-Loaded Nanocapsules: A Promising Alternative to Melanoma Topical Treatment. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2234. [PMID: 37765203 PMCID: PMC10538082 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15092234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to incorporate nanocapsules containing 3,3'-diindolylmethane (DIM) with antitumor activity into a bilayer film of karaya and gellan gums for use in topical melanoma therapy. Nanocarriers and films were prepared by interfacial deposition of the preformed polymer and solvent casting methods, respectively. Incorporating DIM into nanocapsules increased its antitumor potential against human melanoma cells (A-375) (IC50 > 24.00 µg/mL free DIM × 2.89 µg/mL nanocapsules). The films were transparent, hydrophilic (θ < 90°), had homogeneous thickness and weight, and had a DIM content of 106 µg/cm2. Radical ABTS+ scavenger assay showed that the DIM films presented promising antioxidant action. Remarkably, the films showed selective bioadhesive potential on the karaya gum side. Considering the mechanical analyses, the nanotechnology-based films presented appropriate behavior for cutaneous application and controlled DIM release profile, which could increase the residence time on the application site. Furthermore, the nanofilms were found to increase the permeation of DIM into the epidermis, where melanoma develops. Lastly, the films were non-hemolytic (hemolysis test) and non-irritant (HET-CAM assay). In summary, the combination of karaya and gellan gum in bilayer films that contain nanoencapsulated DIM has demonstrated potential in the topical treatment of melanoma and could serve as a viable option for administering DIM for cutaneous melanoma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica Brandão Reolon
- Laboratório de Tecnologia Farmacêutica, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97105-900, RS, Brazil; (J.B.R.); (C.P.S.); (B.F.O.); (D.B.d.O.); (V.C.P.)
| | - Camila Parcianello Saccol
- Laboratório de Tecnologia Farmacêutica, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97105-900, RS, Brazil; (J.B.R.); (C.P.S.); (B.F.O.); (D.B.d.O.); (V.C.P.)
| | - Bárbara Felin Osmari
- Laboratório de Tecnologia Farmacêutica, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97105-900, RS, Brazil; (J.B.R.); (C.P.S.); (B.F.O.); (D.B.d.O.); (V.C.P.)
| | - Daiane Britto de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Tecnologia Farmacêutica, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97105-900, RS, Brazil; (J.B.R.); (C.P.S.); (B.F.O.); (D.B.d.O.); (V.C.P.)
| | - Vinicius Costa Prado
- Laboratório de Tecnologia Farmacêutica, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97105-900, RS, Brazil; (J.B.R.); (C.P.S.); (B.F.O.); (D.B.d.O.); (V.C.P.)
| | - Fernanda Licker Cabral
- Laboratório de Imunobiologia Experimental e Aplicada, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97105-9000, RS, Brazil; (F.L.C.); (D.B.R.L.)
| | - Lucas Saldanha da Rosa
- Laboratório de Biomateriais, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Departamento de Odontologia Restauradora, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97015-372, RS, Brazil;
| | | | - Daniela Bitencourt Rosa Leal
- Laboratório de Imunobiologia Experimental e Aplicada, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97105-9000, RS, Brazil; (F.L.C.); (D.B.R.L.)
| | - Letícia Cruz
- Laboratório de Tecnologia Farmacêutica, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97105-900, RS, Brazil; (J.B.R.); (C.P.S.); (B.F.O.); (D.B.d.O.); (V.C.P.)
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Alhallak M, Karpukhina N, Patel M. Triamcinolone acetonide release modelling from novel bilayer mucoadhesive films: an in vitro study. Dent Mater 2023:S0109-5641(23)00094-5. [PMID: 37150730 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2023.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is a painful disorder that commonly appears as ulcers on the oral mucosa, lasting ∼two weeks (minor) to months (major and herpetiform). Current treatment often necessitates the use of topical steroids in the form of pastes, mouthwashes, or gels, but these forms are often ineffective due to inadequate drug contact time with the ulcers. In this study, the performance of novel bilayer mucoadhesive buccal films loaded with triamcinolone acetonide (TA) has been evaluated for targeted drug delivery. METHODS Experimental mucoadhesive films of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) were prepared by the solvent casting method, and ethyl cellulose (EC) was applied as the backing layer. The films were characterized for their physical properties, including swelling index (SI), folding endurance, adhesion force with porcine buccal mucosa, residence time and in-vitro drug release. RESULTS The data showed that the films were flexible with folding endurance> 300 times. With porcine buccal mucosa i) suitable adhesion forces were obtained (between 2.72 and 4.03 N), ii) residence times of> 24 h, and iii) surface pH between 6.8 and 7.1 indicating they would be non-irritant. All films released 100% TA over 6 h, but with varying profiles. The release of TA (over 6 h) from PVP-free films followed Fickian diffusion kinetics (diffusion-controlled release of drug), whereas the mechanism of release from PVP-containing films was found to be a superposition of diffusion-controlled and erosion-controlled release (anomalous). SIGNIFICANCE The developed films hold great promise for potentially treating RAS and other oral conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhannad Alhallak
- Dental Physical Science Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK.
| | - Natalia Karpukhina
- Dental Physical Science Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Mangala Patel
- Dental Physical Science Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK
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Chakka LRJ, Chede S. 3D printing of pharmaceuticals for disease treatment. FRONTIERS IN MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY 2023; 4:1040052. [PMID: 36704231 PMCID: PMC9871616 DOI: 10.3389/fmedt.2022.1040052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) printing or Additive manufacturing has paved the way for developing and manufacturing pharmaceuticals in a personalized manner for patients with high volume and rare diseases. The traditional pharmaceutical manufacturing process involves the utilization of various excipients to facilitate the stages of blending, mixing, pressing, releasing, and packaging. In some cases, these excipients cause serious side effects to the patients. The 3D printing of pharmaceutical manufacturing avoids the need for excessive excipients. The two major components of a 3D printed tablet or dosage form are polymer matrix and drug component alone. Hence the usage of the 3D printed dosage forms for disease treatment will avoid unwanted side effects and provide higher therapeutic efficacy. With respect to the benefits of the 3D printed pharmaceuticals, the present review was constructed by discussing the role of 3D printing in producing formulations of various dosage forms such as fast and slow releasing, buccal delivery, and localized delivery. The dosage forms are polymeric tablets, nanoparticles, scaffolds, and films employed for treating different diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. R. Jaidev Chakka
- College of Pharmacy, TheUniversity of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States,Correspondence: L. R. Jaidev Chakka
| | - Shanthi Chede
- College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa, IA, United States
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Buccal films: A review of therapeutic opportunities, formulations & relevant evaluation approaches. J Control Release 2022; 352:1071-1092. [PMID: 36351519 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.10.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The potential of the mucoadhesive film technology is hard to ignore, owing to perceived superior patient acceptability versus buccal tablets, and significant therapeutic opportunities compared to conventional oral drug delivery systems, especially for those who suffer from dysphagia. In spite of this, current translation from published literature into the commercial marketplace is virtually non-existent, with no authorised mucoadhesive buccal films available in the UK and very few available in the USA. This review seeks to provide an overview of the mucoadhesive buccal film technology and identify key areas upon which to focus scientific efforts to facilitate the wider adoption of this patient-centric dosage form. Several indications and opportunities for development were identified, while discussing the patient-related factors influencing the use of these dosage forms. In addition, an overview of the technologies behind the manufacturing of these films was provided, highlighting manufacturing methods like solvent casting, hot melt extrusion, inkjet printing and three-dimensional printing. Over thirty mucoadhesive polymers were identified as being used in film formulations, with details surrounding their mucoadhesive capabilities as well as their inclusion alongside other key formulation constituents provided. Lastly, the importance of physiologically relevant in vitro evaluation methodologies was emphasised, which seek to improve in vivo correlations, potentially leading to better translation of mucoadhesive buccal films from the literature into the commercial marketplace.
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8
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Isreb M, Chalkia M, Gough T, Forbes RT, Timmins P. A Combined Rheological and Thermomechanical Analysis Approach for the Assessment of Pharmaceutical Polymer Blends. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14173527. [PMID: 36080602 PMCID: PMC9460787 DOI: 10.3390/polym14173527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The viscoelastic nature of polymeric formulations utilised in drug products imparts unique thermomechanical attributes during manufacturing and over the shelf life of the product. Nevertheless, it adds to the challenge of understanding the precise mechanistic behaviour of the product at the microscopic and macroscopic level during each step of the process. Current thermomechanical and rheological characterisation techniques are limited to assessing polymer performance to a single phase and are especially hindered when the polymers are undergoing thermomechanical transitions. Since pharmaceutical processing can occur at these transition conditions, this study successfully proposes a thermomechanical characterisation approach combining both mechanical and rheological data to construct a comprehensive profiling of polymeric materials spanning both glassy and rubbery phases. This approach has been used in this study to assess the mechanical and rheological behaviour of heterogenous polymer blends of hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) over a shearing rate range of 0.1–100 s−1 and a temperature range of 30–200 °C. The results indicate that HPC and HPMC do not appear to interact when mixing and that their mixture exhibits the mechanistic properties of the two individual polymers in accordance with their ratio in the mixture. The ability to characterise the behaviour of the polymers and their mixtures before, throughout, and after the glassy to rubbery phase transition by application of the combined techniques provides a unique insight towards a quality-by-design approach to this and other polymer-based solid dosage forms, designed with the potential to accelerate their formulation process through obviating the need for multiple formulation trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Isreb
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, UK
- Correspondence: (M.I.); (P.T.)
| | - Marianiki Chalkia
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, UK
| | - Timothy Gough
- School of Engineering and Informatics, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, UK
| | - Robert Thomas Forbes
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, UK
| | - Peter Timmins
- Drug Product Science and Technology, Bristol Myers Squibb, Reeds Lane, Moreton CH46 1QW, UK
- Correspondence: (M.I.); (P.T.)
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Hanif S, Sarfraz RM, Syed MA, Mahmood A, Hussain Z. Smart mucoadhesive buccal chitosan/ HPMC scaffold for sore throat: In vitro, ex vivo and pharmacokinetic profiling in humans. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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10
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Agrawal S, Fernandes J, Shaikh F, Patel V. Quality aspects in the development of pelletized dosage forms. Heliyon 2022; 8:e08956. [PMID: 35243077 PMCID: PMC8873546 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e08956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this work was to identify and collate the major common challenges that arise during pellet development. These challenges focus on aspects right from raw material properties until the final drying process of the pelletization. The challenges associated with the particle size of drug and excipients, physicochemical properties, drug excipient interaction and the effect of type/grade and amount of raw material on the pellet properties are covered in this review. Technological and process related challenges within the commonly used pelletization techniques such as extrusion-spheronization, hot-melt extrusion and layering techniques are also emphasized. The paper likewise gives an insight to the possible ways of addressing the quality of pellets during development.
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11
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Tam CH, Alexander M, Belton P, Qi S. Drop-on-demand printing of personalised orodispersible films fabricated by precision micro-dispensing. Int J Pharm 2021; 610:121279. [PMID: 34774697 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.121279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Personalised orodispersible films (ODFs) manufactured at the point of care offer the possibility of adapting the dosing requirements for individual patients. Inkjet printing was extensively explored as a tool to produce personalised ODFs, but it is extensively limited to dispensing liquid with low viscosity and the interaction between ink and edible substrate complicates the fabrication process. In this study, we evaluated the feasibility of using a micro-dispensing (MD) jet system capable of accurately dispensing viscous liquid to fabricate substrate-free ODFs on-demand. The model inks containing hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) and paracetamol were used to prepare personalised ODFs by expanding the film area. Cast films were used as the control sample to benchmark the mechanical properties, disintegration time, and dosing accuracy of MD printed ODFs. Both the cast and printed films showed smooth surface morphology without any bubbles. No significant difference was found in the disintegration time of the MD printed films compared to the cast films. High precision in dosing by MD printing was achieved. The dose of paracetamol had a linear correlation with the dimension of the printed films (R2 = 0.995). The results provide clear evidence of the potential of MD printing to fabricate ODFs and the knowledge foundation of advancing MD printing to a point-of-care small-batch manufacturing technology of personalised ODFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chak Hin Tam
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | | | - Peter Belton
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Sheng Qi
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK.
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12
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Hanif S, Sarfraz RM, Syed MA, Mahmood A, Minhas MU, Irfan M. Development and optimization of tibezonium iodide and lignocaine hydrochloride containing novel mucoadhesive buccal tablets: A pharmacokinetic investigation among healthy humans. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2021; 47:1209-1222. [PMID: 34601978 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2021.1988095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE It is clinically important to deliver sustained-release mucoadhesive dosage of local anesthetic and antimicrobial agent for pain control. The current study aimed to develop and evaluate chitosan (CHI) based buccal mucoadhesive delivery for local release of tibezonium iodide (TBN) and lignocaine hydrochloride (LGN). METHODS Direct compression technique was employed, aided by other mucoadhesive polymers like hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC) and sodium alginate (SA) and evaluated for physicochemical and in vivo character. RESULTS Fourier transform infrared spectral analysis (FTIR), powdered X-ray diffraction (XRPD), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) absence of physical interaction between ingredients. The physical parameters complied with USP specifications for all formulations. Optimum swellability (551.9%) was offered from formulation TL15, containing 30% SA. Highest ex vivo mucoadhesive strength (24.79 g) and time (18.39 h) was found with TL8. Formulation TL8 also exhibited maximum in vivo residence time (11.37 h). Almost complete drug release at 6 h was possessed by formulation TL5 (HPMC and CHI, 20% each) for TBN (99.98%) and LGN (99.06%). The optimized formulation TL5 exhibited dosage stability up to 6 months at 75% relative humidity and retained drug contents. TL5 was well tolerated by the volunteers with no inflammation, pain or irritation found. Almost 73% of volunteers reported an increase in salivary secretion. The first-order salivary Cmax of TBN and LGN were found as 16.02 and 7.80 µg/mL within 4 h, respectively. CONCLUSION Therefore, the sustained release mucoadhesive dosage form of TBN and LGN can be an effective and alternative option to conventional delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Hanif
- College of Pharmacy, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Ali Syed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Asif Mahmood
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Irfan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan
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13
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Olechno K, Basa A, Winnicka K. "Success Depends on Your Backbone"-About the Use of Polymers as Essential Materials Forming Orodispersible Films. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14174872. [PMID: 34500962 PMCID: PMC8432670 DOI: 10.3390/ma14174872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Polymers constitute a group of materials having a wide-ranging impact on modern pharmaceutical technology. Polymeric components provide the foundation for the advancement of novel drug delivery platforms, inter alia orodispersible films. Orodispersible films are thin, polymeric scraps intended to dissolve quickly when put on the tongue, allowing them to be easily swallowed without the necessity of drinking water, thus eliminating the risk of choking, which is of great importance in the case of pediatric and geriatric patients. Polymers are essential excipients in designing orodispersible films, as they constitute the backbone of these drug dosage form. The type of polymer is of significant importance in obtaining the formulation of the desired quality. The polymers employed to produce orodispersible films must meet particular requirements due to their oral administration and have to provide adequate surface texture, film thickness, mechanical attributes, tensile and folding strength as well as relevant disintegration time and drug release to obtain the final product characterized by optimal pharmaceutical features. A variety of natural and synthetic polymers currently utilized in manufacturing of orodispersible films might be used alone or in a blend. The goal of the present manuscript was to present a review about polymers utilized in designing oral-dissolving films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Olechno
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2c, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland
- Correspondence: (K.O.); (K.W.)
| | - Anna Basa
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bialystok, Ciolkowskiego 1K, 15-245 Bialystok, Poland;
| | - Katarzyna Winnicka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2c, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland
- Correspondence: (K.O.); (K.W.)
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14
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Kida D, Zakrzewska A, Zborowski J, Szulc M, Karolewicz B. Polymer-Based Carriers in Dental Local Healing-Review and Future Challenges. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14143948. [PMID: 34300865 PMCID: PMC8308048 DOI: 10.3390/ma14143948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Polymers in drug formulation technology and the engineering of biomaterials for the treatment of oral diseases constitute a group of excipients that often possess additional properties in addition to their primary function, i.e., biological activity, sensitivity to stimuli, mucoadhesive properties, improved penetration of the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) across biological barriers, and effects on wound healing or gingival and bone tissue regeneration. Through the use of multifunctional polymers, it has become possible to design carriers and materials tailored to the specific conditions and site of application, to deliver the active substance directly to the affected tissue, including intra-periodontal pocket delivery, and to release the active substance in a timed manner, allowing for the improvement of the form of application and further development of therapeutic strategies. The scope of this review is polymeric drug carriers and materials developed from selected multifunctional groups of natural, semi-synthetic, and synthetic polymers for topical therapeutic applications. Moreover, the characteristics of the topical application and the needs for the properties of carriers for topical administration of an active substance in the treatment of oral diseases are presented to more understand the difficulties associated with the design of optimal active substance carriers and materials for the treatment of lesions located in the oral cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Kida
- Department of Drug Form Technology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211 A, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-71-784-0315
| | - Aneta Zakrzewska
- Department of Periodontology, Wroclaw Medical University, Krakowska 26, 50-425 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.Z.); (J.Z.); (M.S.)
| | - Jacek Zborowski
- Department of Periodontology, Wroclaw Medical University, Krakowska 26, 50-425 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.Z.); (J.Z.); (M.S.)
| | - Małgorzata Szulc
- Department of Periodontology, Wroclaw Medical University, Krakowska 26, 50-425 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.Z.); (J.Z.); (M.S.)
| | - Bożena Karolewicz
- Department of Drug Form Technology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211 A, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland;
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15
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Buyukgoz GG, Castro JN, Atalla AE, Pentangelo JG, Tripathi S, Davé RN. Impact of Mixing on Content Uniformity of Thin Polymer Films Containing Drug Micro-Doses. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13060812. [PMID: 34072382 PMCID: PMC8229899 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13060812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The impact of mixer type and critical process parameters (CPPs) on critical quality attributes (CQAs), including the drug content uniformity (CU) of slurry-cast polymer films loaded with micro-sized poorly water-soluble drugs were investigated. Previously untested hypothesis was that the best mixer at suitable CPPs promotes uniform drug dispersion within film precursors leading to acceptable dried-film CU at low, ~0.6 wt% drug concentrations. Taguchi design was utilized to select the best of three mixers; low-shear impeller, high-shear planetary, and high-intensity vibrational, for dried-film drug concentration of ~23 wt%. As-received fenofibrate, a model poorly water-soluble drug (~6 µm) was directly mixed with the hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) and glycerin aqueous solution. Impeller and planetary mixers yielded desirable film relative standard deviation (RSD), while vibrational mixer could not. For the lowest dried-film drug concentration of ~0.6 wt%, only planetary mixer yielded RSD <6%. The precursor drug homogeneity was a sufficient but not a necessary condition for achieving dried-film RSD <6%. Thus, proper selection of mixer and its CPPs assured desirable film CQAs. However, minor drug particle aggregation was identified via re-dispersion testing which also led to incomplete drug release.
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16
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Development of Mucoadhesive Buccal Film for Rizatriptan: In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13050728. [PMID: 34063402 PMCID: PMC8157038 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13050728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The reduced therapeutic efficacy of rizatriptan in migraine treatment is primarily due to low oral bioavailability and extensive first pass metabolism. The purpose of this investigation was to optimize the thin mucoadhesive buccal film of rizatriptan and assess the practicability of its development as a potential substitute for conventional migraine treatment. Buccal films (FR1-FR10) were fabricated by a conventional solvent casting method utilizing a combination of polymers (Proloc, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose and Eudragit RS 100). Drug-loaded buccal films (F1-F4) were examined for mechanical, mucoadhesive, swelling and release characteristics. In vivo pharmacokinetics parameters of selected buccal film (F1) in rabbits were compared to oral administration. Films F1-F4 displayed optimal physicomechanical properties including mucoadhesive strength, which can prolong the buccal residence time. A biphasic, complete and higher drug release was seen in films F1 and F4, which followed Weibull model kinetics. The optimized film, F1, exhibited significantly higher (p < 0.005) rizatriptan buccal flux (71.94 ± 8.26 µg/cm2/h) with a short lag time. Film features suggested the drug particles were in an amorphous form, compatible with the polymers used and had an appropriate surface morphology suitable for buccal application. Pharmacokinetic data indicated a significantly higher rizatriptan plasma level (p < 0.005) and Cmax (p < 0.0001) upon buccal film application as compared to oral solution. The observed AUC0-12h (994.86 ± 95.79 ng.h/mL) in buccal treatment was two-fold higher (p < 0.0001) than the control, and the relative bioavailability judged was 245%. This investigation demonstrates the prospective of buccal films as a viable and alternative approach for effective rizatriptan delivery.
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17
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Jones DS, Rafferty GP, Andrews GP. Drug release from hydroxypropylcellulose gels cannot be statistically predicted from their viscometric and initial viscoelastic properties. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 256:117512. [PMID: 33483033 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
This study questioned whether rheological properties can predict drug (metronidazole) release from Hydroxypropylcellulose (HPC) platforms. Viscometric and viscoelastic properties of aqueous, alcohols/diols and mixed solvent HPC solutions and gels were determined using viscometry and oscillatory analysis. Drug release was conducted at pH 7.4 under sink conditions. Relationships between rheological parameters and drug release were modelled using multiple linear stepwise regression. Viscometry identified ethanol and water as good solvents for HPC. Diol solvents were predicted to exhibit greater interactions with HPC (COSMO modelling) but possessed lowest intrinsic viscosities. Pentanediol or ethylene glycol prepared gels exhibited greatest elasticity. No relationships were observed between dilute solution properties and initial gel viscoelasticity. Drug release from HPC gels occurred via gel erosion and diffusion. No relationships were observed between initial gel viscoelasticity and drug release and thus, for gel platforms that undergo erosion in aqueous media, drug release cannot be predicted from initial gel viscoelasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Jones
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, Antrim, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom.
| | - Gerard P Rafferty
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, Antrim, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Gavin P Andrews
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, Antrim, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
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18
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Cetindag E, Pentangelo J, Arrieta Cespedes T, Davé RN. Effect of solvents and cellulosic polymers on quality attributes of films loaded with a poorly water-soluble drug. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 250:117012. [PMID: 33049873 PMCID: PMC7575819 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The combined effect of solvent, cellulosic polymer, and a poorly water-soluble drug, fenofibrate (FNB) on solution-cast pharmaceutical film quality attributes, e.g., morphology, drug recrystallization, content uniformity, mechanical properties, dissolution rate and supersaturation level, was investigated. Film morphology, content uniformity, and mechanical properties were impacted by the extent of FNB recrystallization which was strongly affected by FNB solubility in the solvent as compared to the polymer type, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose or hydroxypropyl cellulose. FNB recrystallization affected drug dissolution rates and supersaturation under non-sink conditions. Specifically, the area under the curve linearly correlated with recrystallization. After one-year storage, FNB recrystallization reached very high levels even for the films with no initial recrystallization, suggesting low initial crystallinity does not guarantee stability. Thus, uncontrolled recrystallization and poor time-stability would be unavoidable for solution-cast films. Overall, both the polymer and the solvent strongly impact drug recrystallization, film structure, mechanical properties, dissolution rate, and supersaturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eylul Cetindag
- Chemical and Materials Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey, 07102, USA.
| | - John Pentangelo
- Chemical and Materials Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey, 07102, USA.
| | - Thierry Arrieta Cespedes
- Chemical and Materials Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey, 07102, USA.
| | - Rajesh N Davé
- Chemical and Materials Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey, 07102, USA.
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19
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Chauhan G, Shaik AA, Kulkarni NS, Gupta V. The preparation of lipid-based drug delivery system using melt extrusion. Drug Discov Today 2020; 25:S1359-6446(20)30330-5. [PMID: 32835807 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2020.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Melt extrusion of lipids is versatile with high applicability in the pharmaceutical industry. The formulations prepared can be easily customized depending on the requirements, and have the potential to open a window on personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gautam Chauhan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA
| | - Abdul A Shaik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA; Current address: School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA
| | - Nishant S Kulkarni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA
| | - Vivek Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA.
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20
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Mašková E, Kubová K, Raimi-Abraham BT, Vllasaliu D, Vohlídalová E, Turánek J, Mašek J. Hypromellose - A traditional pharmaceutical excipient with modern applications in oral and oromucosal drug delivery. J Control Release 2020; 324:695-727. [PMID: 32479845 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.05.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC), also known as Hypromellose, is a traditional pharmaceutical excipient widely exploited in oral sustained drug release matrix systems. The choice of numerous viscosity grades and molecular weights available from different manufacturers provides a great variability in its physical-chemical properties and is a basis for its broad successful application in pharmaceutical research, development, and manufacturing. The excellent mucoadhesive properties of HPMC predetermine its use in oromucosal delivery systems including mucoadhesive tablets and films. HPMC also possesses desirable properties for formulating amorphous solid dispersions increasing the oral bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs. Printability and electrospinnability of HPMC are promising features for its application in 3D printed drug products and nanofiber-based drug delivery systems. Nanoparticle-based formulations are extensively explored as antigen and protein carriers for the formulation of oral vaccines, and oral delivery of biologicals including insulin, respectively. HPMC, being a traditional pharmaceutical excipient, has an irreplaceable role in the development of new pharmaceutical technologies, and new drug products leading to continuous manufacturing processes, and personalized medicine. This review firstly provides information on the physical-chemical properties of HPMC and a comprehensive overview of its application in traditional oral drug formulations. Secondly, this review focuses on the application of HPMC in modern pharmaceutical technologies including spray drying, hot-melt extrusion, 3D printing, nanoprecipitation and electrospinning leading to the formulation of printlets, nanoparticle-, microparticle-, and nanofiber-based delivery systems for oral and oromucosal application. Hypromellose is an excellent excipient for formulation of classical dosage forms and advanced drug delivery systems. New methods of hypromellose processing include spray draying, hot-melt extrusion, 3D printing, and electrospinning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliška Mašková
- Department of Pharmacology and Immunotherapy, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, Brno 621 00, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Kubová
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Masaryk University, Brno 625 00, Czech Republic
| | - Bahijja T Raimi-Abraham
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Driton Vllasaliu
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Eva Vohlídalová
- Department of Pharmacology and Immunotherapy, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, Brno 621 00, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Turánek
- Department of Pharmacology and Immunotherapy, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, Brno 621 00, Czech Republic.
| | - Josef Mašek
- Department of Pharmacology and Immunotherapy, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, Brno 621 00, Czech Republic.
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21
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Bandari S, Nyavanandi D, Kallakunta VR, Janga KY, Sarabu S, Butreddy A, Repka MA. Continuous twin screw granulation - An advanced alternative granulation technology for use in the pharmaceutical industry. Int J Pharm 2020; 580:119215. [PMID: 32194206 PMCID: PMC7219110 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Hot melt extrusion has been an exciting technology in the pharmaceutical field owing to its novel applicability. Twin-screw granulation presents a great potential and offers many advantages relative to conventional granulation processes. Different twin-screw granulation techniques, such as twin-screw dry granulation, twin-screw wet granulation, and twin-screw melt granulation, are currently being developed as robust and reproducible granulation processes. The competence of twin-screw granulation as a continuous manufacturing process has contributed to its suitability as an alternative granulation option within the pharmaceutical industry. In this article, different types of twin-screw granulation techniques were discussed. In addition, the screw elements, scale-up process, continuous twin-screw granulation which involves process analytical tools, and excipients were explored. This economical, industrially scalable process can be automated for continuous manufacturing to produce granules for the development of oral solid dosage forms. However, extensive research using process analytical tools is warranted to develop processes for the continuous manufacture of granules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Bandari
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Dinesh Nyavanandi
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Venkata Raman Kallakunta
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Kartik Yadav Janga
- Formulation Development, Novel Delivery Forms, Bayer Healthcare LLC, 36 Columbia Rd, Morristown, NJ 07960, USA
| | - Sandeep Sarabu
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Arun Butreddy
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Michael A Repka
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA; Pii Center for Pharmaceutical Innovation & Instruction, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA.
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22
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ALQuadeib BT, Eltahir EK, Alagili MF. The Oral Administration of Lidocaine HCl Biodegradable Microspheres: Formulation and Optimization. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:857-869. [PMID: 32103942 PMCID: PMC7008179 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s236273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Lidocaine (LID) is a local anesthetic that is administered either by injection and/or a topical/transdermal route. However, there is a current need to develop efficacious methods for the oral delivery of LID with optimized bioavailability. Methods We developed oral LID biodegradable microspheres that were loaded with alginate-chitosan with different mass ratios, and characterized these microspheres in vitro. We also developed, and utilized, a simple and sensitive HPLC-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS) method for assaying LID microspheres. Results The mean particle size (MPS) of the LID microspheres ranged from 340.7 to 528.3 nm. As the concentration of alginate was reduced, there was a significant reduction in MPS. However, there was no significant change in drug entrapment efficiency (DEE), or drug yield, when the alginate concentration was either increased or decreased. DSC measurements demonstrated the successful loading of LID to the new formulations. After a slow initial release, less than 10% of the LID was released in vitro within 4 h at pH 1.2. In order to evaluate nephrotoxicity, we carried out MTT assays of LID in two types of cell line (LLC-PK1 and MDCK). LID significantly suppressed the cell toxicity of both cell lines at the concentrations tested (100, 200, and 400ng/µL). Conclusion Experiments involving the oral delivery of LID formulations showed a significant reduction in particle size and an improvement in dissolution rate. The formulations of LID developed exhibit significantly less toxicity than LID alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bushra T ALQuadeib
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eram Kd Eltahir
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Modhi F Alagili
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
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23
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Systematic screening of pharmaceutical polymers for hot melt extrusion processing: a comprehensive review. Int J Pharm 2020; 576:118989. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.118989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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24
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Ehtezazi T, Algellay M, Hardy A. Next Steps in 3D Printing of Fast Dissolving Oral Films for Commercial Production. RECENT PATENTS ON DRUG DELIVERY & FORMULATION 2019; 14:5-20. [PMID: 31886755 DOI: 10.2174/1872211314666191230115851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
3D printing technique has been utilised to develop novel and complex drug delivery systems that are almost impossible to produce by employing conventional formulation techniques. For example, this technique may be employed to produce tablets or Fast Dissolving oral Films (FDFs) with multilayers of active ingredients, which are personalised to patient's needs. In this article, we compared the production of FDFs by 3D printing to conventional methods such as solvent casting. Then, we evaluated the need for novel methods of producing fast dissolving oral films, and why 3D printing may be able to meet the shortfalls of FDF production. The challenges of producing 3D printed FDFs are identified at commercial scale by referring to the identification of suitable materials, hardware, qualitycontrol tests and Process Analytical Technology. In this paper, we discuss that the FDF market will grow to more than $1.3 billion per annum in the next few years and 3D printing of FDFs may share part of this market. Although companies are continuing to invest in technologies, which provide alternatives to standard drug delivery systems, the market for thin-film products is already well established. Market entry for a new technology such as 3D printing of FDFs will, therefore, be hard, unless, this technology proves to be a game changer. A few approaches are suggested in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Touraj Ehtezazi
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Marwan Algellay
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Alison Hardy
- Knowledge Exchange and Commercialisation, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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25
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Wannaphatchaiyong S, Heng PWS, Suksaeree J, Boonme P, Pichayakorn W. Lidocaine loaded gelatin/gelatinized tapioca starch films for buccal delivery and the irritancy evaluation using chick chorioallantoic membrane. Saudi Pharm J 2019; 27:1085-1095. [PMID: 31885468 PMCID: PMC6921193 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2019.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to confirm the feasibility of gelatin/gelatinized tapioca starch (α st) films for buccal delivery and to evaluate their irritancy. Lidocaine (LB) and lidocaine hydrochloride (LH) were used as model drugs and glycerin was used as the plasticizer. The scanning electron microscopy, atomic force electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and thermogravimetric analysis results confirmed the compatibility of gelatin/α st/glycerin (Gαgly) films. Drug releases of LB- or LH-Gαgly films were evaluated. The drug release profiles of medicated films presented good patterns in both short time and 8 h drug release studies. The permeation study was examined through chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) by using modified Franz diffusion cells. Moreover, the irritancy study for buccal films was also examined by a hen's egg test on CAM model (HET-CAM). The results revealed that LB and LH could permeate through CAM, and these Gαgly films created no irritation on HET-CAM. This indicates that the LB- and LH-Gαgly films are possible to use as buccal films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suchipha Wannaphatchaiyong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90112, Thailand
| | - Paul Wan Sia Heng
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Jirapornchai Suksaeree
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Rangsit University, Pathum Thani 12000, Thailand
| | - Prapaporn Boonme
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90112, Thailand
| | - Wiwat Pichayakorn
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90112, Thailand
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Long J, Etxeberria AE, Nand AV, Bunt CR, Ray S, Seyfoddin A. A 3D printed chitosan-pectin hydrogel wound dressing for lidocaine hydrochloride delivery. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 104:109873. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.109873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Song Q, Guo X, Sun Y, Yang M. Anti-solvent Precipitation Method Coupled Electrospinning Process to Produce Poorly Water-Soluble Drug-Loaded Orodispersible Films. AAPS PharmSciTech 2019; 20:273. [PMID: 31385126 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-019-1464-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Orodispersible films (ODFs) are more convenient for paediatric and geriatric patients to take as compared to conventional tablets and capsules. Electrospinning has recently been attempted to produce ODFs. This study investigated the feasibility of formulating poorly water-soluble drug into ODFs using electrospinning technology coupled with the anti-solvent precipitation method. Piroxicam (PX), a poorly water-soluble drug, was chosen as a model drug. Polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinylpyrrolidone were used as film forming polymers. PX microcrystals were prepared using poloxamer as the stabilizer with the anti-solvent precipitation method, and then loaded in ODFs through the electrospinning process. The obtained ODFs were characterized using a scanning electron microscope, X-ray powder diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy with respect to the morphology, solid state and potential molecular interaction between the model drug and polymers. The mechanical property, disintegration and dissolution rate of the obtained ODF were evaluated using dynamic mechanical analysis, a customized method and USP2 apparatus. The results showed that PX microcrystals suspended in polymeric solutions could be readily electrospun into fibrous films, where the microcrystals scattered between the fibers. The electrospun fibrous film-based ODFs exhibited satisfactory mechanical behaviour, and fast disintegration upon the polymer selection. In the dissolution tests, almost 90% of PX was dissolved within 6 min from the ODFs, whereas 40% of PX dissolved from physical mixtures in 60 min. This study demonstrated that poorly water-soluble drugs could be formulated into ODFs with satisfactory quality attributes by combining micronization and the electrospinning process.
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Emerging strategies for enhancing buccal and sublingual administration of nutraceuticals and pharamaceuticals. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2019.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Goodell HP, Shenoy SK, Shenkute NT, Lackey E, Dennis RG, Button B. Adhesive and Cohesive Peel Force Measurement of Human Airway Mucus. Bio Protoc 2019; 9:e3287. [PMID: 31687423 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.3287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In health, the high-speed airflow associated with cough represents a vital backup mechanism for clearing accumulated mucus from our airways. However, alterations in the mucus layer in cystic fibrosis (CF) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) leads to the mucus layer adhered to the airway surfaces, representing the nidus of chronic lung infection. To understand what is different about diseased mucus and why cough clearance is defective, there is a need for techniques to quantify the strength of the interactions limiting the ability of airflow to strip mucus from the airway surface (i.e., adhesive strength) or tear mucus apart (i.e., cohesive strength). To overcome the issues with measuring these properties in a soft (i.e., low elastic modulus) mucus layer, we present here novel peel-testing technologies capable of quantifying the mucus adhesive strength on cultured airway cells and cohesive strength of excised mucus samples. While this protocol focuses on measurements of airway mucus, this approach can easily be adapted to measuring adhesive/cohesive properties of other soft biological materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry P Goodell
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7248, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7575, USA
| | - Siddharth K Shenoy
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7248, USA
| | - Nathan T Shenkute
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7248, USA
| | - Elijah Lackey
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7248, USA
| | - Robert G Dennis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7575, USA
| | - Brian Button
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7248, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7575, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7260, USA
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Yi S, Wang J, Lu Y, Ma R, Gao Q, Liu S, Xiong S. Novel Hot Melt Extruded Matrices of Hydroxypropyl Cellulose and Amorphous Felodipine-Plasticized Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose as Controlled Release Systems. AAPS PharmSciTech 2019; 20:219. [PMID: 31201583 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-019-1435-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) is a hydrophilic retarding-release polymer with the limited application in hot melt extrusion (HME) due to its high glass transition temperature (Tg 181-191°C) and melt viscosity. The aim of this study is to develop hot melt extruded matrices using hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) and felodipine (FLDP) with HPMC for controlled release and explore the relations of their specialty, processability, and structure with the product properties. Results showed that FLDP/HPCEF/HPMC can be extruded at 160°C with torques not more than 0.5 N·m. The extruded matrices of FLDP/HPCEF/HPMCK15M (10:45:45 and 30:35:35) achieved the controlled release for 24 h. Rheological behaviors demonstrated that HPCEF and FLDP were miscible with HPMCK15M, attaining maximum 30% FLDP soluble in the molten mixtures. HPCEF and FLDP decreased the complex viscosity and plasticized HPMCK15M to improve the extrusion processing. DSC and FT-IR indicated that the molten soluble FLDP was amorphous in the extruded matrices by hydrogen bonding with HPCEF/HPMCK15M. SEM/energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis illustrated that the microstructure of extrudates was surface dense and interior loose, and FLDP was homogenously dispersed. Three-point bending test revealed that the plasticizers of HPCEF and FLDP contributed differently to the mechanical properties. HPCEF decreased the flexural modulus of HPMCK15M while that of HPCEF/HPMCK15M was increased by FLDP. Besides controlled release, low moisture absorption and enhanced stability were also the correlated achievements. Therefore, HPCEF-combined poorly water-soluble drugs to plasticize HPMCK15M provide an alternative novel potential approach to realize the controlled-release delivery via HME.
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How to assess orodispersible film quality? A review of applied methods and their modifications. ACTA PHARMACEUTICA (ZAGREB, CROATIA) 2019; 69:155-176. [PMID: 31259725 DOI: 10.2478/acph-2019-0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, there has been a tendency toward creating innovative, easy to use and patient-friendly drug delivery systems suitable for every consumer profile, which would ensure safety, stability and acceptability of a drug. One of the relatively novel and promising approaches is the manufacture of orodispersible films (ODFs), which is an upcoming area of interest in drug delivery. They are defined as polymer thin films that disintegrate in the oral cavity within seconds, without drinking water or chewing, and eliminate the risk of choking. Gaining special usefulness in therapies of children and the elderly, ODFs seem to fill the gap in the range of preparations available for these groups of patients. As no detailed monography of ODFs including testing methods and uniform requirements has been presented in any of the pharmacopoeias to date, the aim of this article is to give an overview of the applied testing methods, their modifications and innovative approaches related to ODF quality assessment.
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Bao W, Zhang X, Wu H, Chen R, Guo S. Synergistic Effect of Ultrasound and Polyethylene Glycol on the Mechanism of the Controlled Drug Release from Polylactide Matrices. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:E880. [PMID: 31091765 PMCID: PMC6571575 DOI: 10.3390/polym11050880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In this paper, the synergistic effect of ultrasound and polyethylene glycol (PEG) on the controlled release of a water soluble drug from polylactide (PLA) matrices was studied. When ultrasound was used following the hot melt extrusion (HME) of the PLA/model drug release system, the release of the model drug (Methylene Blue (MB)) from the PLA when immersed in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) was affected by the variation of the parameters of ultrasound. It was found that no more than 2% PLA dissolved during the in-vitro release study, and the release of the MB from the PLA was diffusion controlled and fit well with the Higuchi diffusion model. Polyethylene glycol (PEG), which has high hydrophilicity and rapid dissolution speed, was blended with the PLA during the melt extrusion to enhance the release of the MB. The analysis of the structure and properties of the in-vitro release tablets of PLA/PEG/MB indicated that the ultrasound could improve the dispersion of MB in the PLA/PEG blends and it could also change the structure and properties of the PLA/PEG blends. Due to the dissolution of the PEG in PBS, the release of the MB from the PLA/PEG drug carrier was a combination of diffusion and erosion controlled release. Thus a new mechanism combining of diffusion and erosion models and modified kinetics model was proposed to explain the release behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Bao
- The State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
- Aviation Fuel & Chemical Airworthiness Certification Center of CAAC, The Second Research Institute of Civil Aviation Administration of China, Chengdu 610207, China.
| | - Xianlong Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
| | - Hong Wu
- The State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
| | - Rong Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
| | - Shaoyun Guo
- The State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
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Jones DS, Yu T, Andrews GP. A statistical determination of the contribution of viscoelasticity of aqueous carbohydrate polymer networks to drug release. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 206:511-519. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.10.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Speer I, Preis M, Breitkreutz J. Novel Dissolution Method for Oral Film Preparations with Modified Release Properties. AAPS PharmSciTech 2018; 20:7. [PMID: 30560468 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-018-1255-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Oromucosal film preparations have gained popularity in pharmaceutical research and development. Therefore, oral films have been integrated into the monograph "oromucosal preparations" of the European Pharmacopeia in 2012. Regulatory authorities explicitly demand dissolution studies for films, but neither refer to suitable methods nor established specifications. Test methods described in the literature are often limited to immediate release formulations or not applicable to investigate the drug release of films with prolonged release profiles considering the different stages of gastrointestinal transit. The aims of this study were to develop a dissolution test method, which is suitable to investigate the drug release of film preparations with immediate as well as modified release profiles and to explore the potential of the test setup considering some physiological characteristics. Therefore, a conventional flow-through cell was equipped with in-house built sample holders. Three-dimensional printing technology was used for prototyping one of the sample holders. Four different types of films were investigated, such as ODFs with immediate (ODFIR) and prolonged release (ODFPR) characteristics as well as a double-layer film (ODFDL), produced with a water-insoluble shielding layer. Anhydrous theophylline was used as a model drug for all film types. Introducing special fixtures for oral films to a conventional flow-through cell enables successful determination of the drug release behavior of oral film preparations with immediate as well as modified release properties. Investigating ODFDL, the application of film sample holders with backing plates such as film sample holder with backing plate (FHB) and 3D printed film sample holder (FH3D) showed prolonged release profiles with 14.6 ± 1.30% theophylline dissolved within 2 h for FHB compared to 92.9 ± 3.33% for the film sample holder without backing plate (FH). This indicates their suitability to examine the integrity of the shielding layer. The application of the backing plate further decreased the drug release of ODFPR < 315 to 61.0 ± 1.69% dissolved theophylline within 2 h using FHB compared to 82.3 ± 0.74% using FH, due to a reduced ODF surface exposed to the dissolution medium. The potential of the dissolution test setup to consider physiological conditions of the human gastrointestinal transit was investigated by applying different flow rates and media compositions to simulate conditions within the oral cavity, stomach, and intestine. For the application of a low flow rate of 1 ml/min, comparable to the salivary flow within the oral cavity, decreased theophylline release was observed, while similar release profiles were obtained for flow rates between 2 and 8 ml/min. Substantial impact on the theophylline release was exerted by varying the composition of the dissolution medium. Since the drug release from ODFPR is controlled by diffusion through a water-insoluble matrix, ion species and concentration strongly affect the release behavior. In the future, IVIVC studies have to be performed to explore, whether obtained data can be used to predict drug release behavior of ODFs during the human gastrointestinal transit.
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Bhagurkar AM, Darji M, Lakhani P, Thipsay P, Bandari S, Repka MA. Effects of formulation composition on the characteristics of mucoadhesive films prepared by hot-melt extrusion technology. J Pharm Pharmacol 2018; 71:293-305. [PMID: 30485903 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.13046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the effects of formulation composition on the physico-chemical and drug release properties of mucoadhesive buccal films prepared by melt extrusion technology, using a response surface methodology. METHODS Salbutamol sulphate, an antiasthmatic drug was used for this study. Klucel hydroxypropylcellulose (HPC) EF (film-forming polymer), Benecel hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC) K-15M (drug release retardant) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) 4500 (plasticiser) were the three independent factors utilised for the study. The responses were fitted to a full quadratic model and P-values for each of the factors were used to determine their significance on the film characteristics. KEY FINDINGS Films were successfully extruded using the corotating twin-screw extruder. The torque during extrusion was found to be significantly affected by all the three factors and no interaction between factors was observed. A significant interaction was observed between HPC and PEG 4500 for stiffness of films. For disintegration time and swelling index, a significant interaction was found between HPC and HPMC. The in vitro % drug release was directly correlated with HPMC content and not with other factors and varied from 69-89% at 4 h. CONCLUSIONS The influence of extrusion process and formulation parameters on salbutamol sulphate films was elucidated, indicating the use of melt extrusion as a feasible method for film preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajinkya M Bhagurkar
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, The University of Mississippi School of Pharmacy, University, MS, USA
| | - Mittal Darji
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, The University of Mississippi School of Pharmacy, University, MS, USA
| | - Prit Lakhani
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, The University of Mississippi School of Pharmacy, University, MS, USA
| | - Priyanka Thipsay
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, The University of Mississippi School of Pharmacy, University, MS, USA
| | - Suresh Bandari
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, The University of Mississippi School of Pharmacy, University, MS, USA
| | - Michael A Repka
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, The University of Mississippi School of Pharmacy, University, MS, USA
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36
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Takeuchi Y, Umemura K, Tahara K, Takeuchi H. Formulation design of hydroxypropyl cellulose films for use as orally disintegrating dosage forms. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2018.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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37
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Zhan H, Ma F, Huang Y, Zhang J, Jiang X, Qian Y. Application of composite dissolving microneedles with high drug loading ratio for rapid local anesthesia. Eur J Pharm Sci 2018; 121:330-337. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2018.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Arca HC, Mosquera-Giraldo LI, Bi V, Xu D, Taylor LS, Edgar KJ. Pharmaceutical Applications of Cellulose Ethers and Cellulose Ether Esters. Biomacromolecules 2018; 19:2351-2376. [PMID: 29869877 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.8b00517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Cellulose ethers have proven to be highly useful natural-based polymers, finding application in areas including food, personal care products, oil field chemicals, construction, paper, adhesives, and textiles. They have particular value in pharmaceutical applications due to characteristics including high glass transition temperatures, high chemical and photochemical stability, solubility, limited crystallinity, hydrogen bonding capability, and low toxicity. With regard to toxicity, cellulose ethers have essentially no ability to permeate through gastrointestinal enterocytes and many are already in formulations approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. We review pharmaceutical applications of these valuable polymers from a structure-property-function perspective, discussing each important commercial cellulose ether class; carboxymethyl cellulose, methyl cellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, and ethyl cellulose, and cellulose ether esters including hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose acetate succinate and carboxymethyl cellulose acetate butyrate. We also summarize their syntheses, basic material properties, and key pharmaceutical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura I Mosquera-Giraldo
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy , Purdue University , West Lafayette , Indiana 47907 , United States
| | - Vivian Bi
- Ashland Specialty Ingredients , 500 Hercules Road , Wilmington , Delaware 19808 , United States
| | - Daiqiang Xu
- Ashland Specialty Ingredients , 500 Hercules Road , Wilmington , Delaware 19808 , United States
| | - Lynne S Taylor
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy , Purdue University , West Lafayette , Indiana 47907 , United States
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Ehtezazi T, Algellay M, Islam Y, Roberts M, Dempster NM, Sarker SD. The Application of 3D Printing in the Formulation of Multilayered Fast Dissolving Oral Films. J Pharm Sci 2018; 107:1076-1085. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2017.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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40
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Ansari M, Sadarani B, Majumdar A. Optimization and evaluation of mucoadhesive buccal films loaded with resveratrol. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2017.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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41
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Yu H, Xu B, Wu H, Turng LS, Wang M. A Visualization of Flow Patterns of Viscoelastic Fluid Partially Filled in a Co-Rotating Nontwin Screw Extruder. POLYM ENG SCI 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.24832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huiwen Yu
- National Engineering Research Center of Novel Equipment for Polymer Processing; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 529020 China
- Advanced Research Center for Polymer Processing Engineering of Guangdong Province, Technology Development Center for Polymer Processing Engineering of Guangdong Colleges and Universities; Guangdong Industry Polytechnic; Guangzhou 510641 China
| | - Baiping Xu
- Advanced Research Center for Polymer Processing Engineering of Guangdong Province, Technology Development Center for Polymer Processing Engineering of Guangdong Colleges and Universities; Guangdong Industry Polytechnic; Guangzhou 510641 China
| | - Hongwu Wu
- National Engineering Research Center of Novel Equipment for Polymer Processing; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 529020 China
| | - Lih-Sheng Turng
- Polymer Engineering Center; University of Wisconsin-Madison; Madison Wisconsin 53706
| | - Meigui Wang
- Advanced Research Center for Polymer Processing Engineering of Guangdong Province, Technology Development Center for Polymer Processing Engineering of Guangdong Colleges and Universities; Guangdong Industry Polytechnic; Guangzhou 510641 China
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Sadia M, Arafat B, Ahmed W, Forbes RT, Alhnan MA. Channelled tablets: An innovative approach to accelerating drug release from 3D printed tablets. J Control Release 2018; 269:355-363. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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43
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Thabet Y, Slavkova M, Breitkreutz J. 10 years EU regulation of pediatric medicines – impact on cardiovascular drug formulations. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2017; 15:261-270. [DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2018.1420054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasmin Thabet
- Institute of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Heinrich-Heine-University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Marta Slavkova
- Institute of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Heinrich-Heine-University, Duesseldorf, Germany
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Jörg Breitkreutz
- Institute of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Heinrich-Heine-University, Duesseldorf, Germany
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Xu B, Liu Y, He L, Chen J, Turng LS. Numerical study of mixing dynamics inside the novel elements of a corotating nontwin screw extruder. ADVANCES IN POLYMER TECHNOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/adv.21923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Baiping Xu
- Advanced Research Center for Polymer Processing Engineering of Guangdong Province; Guangdong Industry Polytechnic; Guangzhou China
| | - Yao Liu
- National Engineering Research Center on Advanced Polymer Process Technology; Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou China
| | - Liang He
- Advanced Research Center for Polymer Processing Engineering of Guangdong Province; Guangdong Industry Polytechnic; Guangzhou China
| | - Jinwei Chen
- Advanced Research Center for Polymer Processing Engineering of Guangdong Province; Guangdong Industry Polytechnic; Guangzhou China
| | - Lih-Sheng Turng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering; University of Wisconsin-Madison; Madison WI USA
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery; University of Wisconsin-Madison; Madison WI USA
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Zhang L, Li Y, Abed M, Davé RN. Incorporation of surface-modified dry micronized poorly water-soluble drug powders into polymer strip films. Int J Pharm 2017; 535:462-472. [PMID: 29170115 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.11.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/19/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Recent work has established polymer strip films as a robust platform for delivery of poorly water-soluble drugs via slurry casting, in particular using stable drug nanosuspensions. Here, a simpler, robust method to directly incorporate dry micronized poorly water-soluble drug, fenofibrate (FNB), is introduced. As a major novelty, simultaneous surface modification using hydrophilic silica along with micronization was done using fluid energy mill (FEM) in order to reduce FNB hydrophobicity and powder agglomeration. It is hypothesized that silica coating promotes easy, uniform dispersion of micronized and coated FNB (MC-FNB) during direct mixing with aqueous hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC-E15LV) and glycerin solutions. Uniform dispersion leads to improved film critical quality attributes (CQAs) such as appearance, drug content uniformity and drug dissolution. The impact of polymer solution viscosity (low and high), mixer type (low versus high shear), and FNB surface modification on film CQAs were also assessed. Films with as-received FNB (AR-FNB) and micronized uncoated FNB (MU-FNB) were prepared as control. When MC-FNB powders were used, films exhibited improved appearance (thickness uniformity, visible lumps/agglomerates), better drug content uniformity (expressed as relative standard deviation), fast and immediate drug release, and enhanced mechanical properties (tensile strength, elongation percentage), regardless of the polymer solution viscosity or mixer type. These results compare favorably with those reported using nanosuspensions of FNB, establishing the feasibility of directly incorporating surface modified-micronized poorly water-soluble drug powders in film manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhang
- New Jersey Center for Engineered Particulates, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Yidong Li
- New Jersey Center for Engineered Particulates, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Manal Abed
- New Jersey Center for Engineered Particulates, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Rajesh N Davé
- New Jersey Center for Engineered Particulates, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, USA.
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Vinklárková L, Masteiková R, Foltýnová G, Muselík J, Pavloková S, Bernatonienė J, Vetchý D. Film wound dressing with local anesthetic based on insoluble carboxymethycellulose matrix. J Appl Biomed 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jab.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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Xu B, Yu H, Turng LS. Distributive mixing in a corotating twin screw channel using Lagrangian particle calculations. ADVANCES IN POLYMER TECHNOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/adv.21880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Baiping Xu
- Advanced Research Center for Polymer Processing Engineering of Guangdong Province; Guangdong Industry Polytechnic; Guangzhou China
| | - Huiwen Yu
- Advanced Research Center for Polymer Processing Engineering of Guangdong Province; Guangdong Industry Polytechnic; Guangzhou China
| | - Lih-Sheng Turng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering; University of Wisconsin-Madison; Madison WI USA
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery; University of Wisconsin-Madison; Madison WI USA
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Bhusal P, Sharma M, Harrison J, Procter G, Andrews G, Jones DS, Hill AG, Svirskis D. Development, Validation and Application of a Stability Indicating HPLC Method to Quantify Lidocaine from Polyethylene-co-Vinyl Acetate (EVA) Matrices and Biological Fluids. J Chromatogr Sci 2017; 55:832-838. [DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmx043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Yang Y, Shen L, Li J, Shan WG. Preparation and evaluation of metoprolol tartrate sustained-release pellets using hot melt extrusion combined with hot melt coating. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2017; 43:939-946. [DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2017.1287715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lian Shen
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Juan Li
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei-guang Shan
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
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Lindert S, Breitkreutz J. Oromucosal multilayer films for tailor-made, controlled drug delivery. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2017; 14:1265-1279. [PMID: 28043165 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2017.1276899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The oral mucosa has recently become increasingly important as an alternative administration route for tailor-made, controlled drug delivery. Oromucosal multilayer films, assigned to the monograph oromucosal preparations in the Ph.Eur. may be a promising dosage form to overcome the requirements related to this drug delivery site. Areas covered: We provide an overview of multilayer films as drug delivery tools, and discuss manufacturing processes and characterization methods. We focus on the suitability of characterization methods for particular requirements of multilayer films. A classification was performed covering indication areas and APIs incorporated in multilayer film systems for oromucosal use in order to provide a summary of data published in this field. Expert opinion: The shift in drug development to high molecular weight drugs will influence the field of pharmaceutical development and delivery technologies. For a high number of indication areas, such as hormonal disorders, cardiovascular diseases or local treatment of infections, the flexible layer design of oromucosal multilayer films provides a promising option for tailor-made, controlled delivery of APIs to or through defined surfaces in the oral cavity. However, there is a lack of discriminating or standardized testing methods to assess the quality of multilayer films in a reliable way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Lindert
- a Institute of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics , Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf , Düsseldorf , Germany
| | - Jörg Breitkreutz
- a Institute of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics , Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf , Düsseldorf , Germany
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