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Dahmana N, Kowalczuk L, Gabriel D, Behar-Cohen F, Gurny R, Kalia YN. Ocular Biodistribution of Spironolactone after a Single Intravitreal Injection of a Biodegradable Sustained-Release Polymer in Rats. Mol Pharm 2020; 17:59-69. [PMID: 31751144 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.9b00707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Sustained-release formulations for ocular delivery are of increasing interest given their potential to significantly improve treatment efficacy and patient adherence. The objectives of this study were (i) to develop a sustained-release formulation of spironolactone (SPL) using a biodegradable and injectable polymer, hexyl-substituted poly-lactic acid (hexPLA) and (ii) to investigate the ocular biodistribution and tolerability of SPL and its metabolites in rats in vivo over 1 month following a single intravitreal injection (IVT inj). The concentrations of SPL and its two principal active metabolites, 7α-thiomethylspironolactone and canrenone (CAN), in the different ocular compartments were determined at different time points (3, 7, and 31 days after IVT inj) using a validated ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method. Systemic exposure following a single IVT inj of 5% SPL-hexPLA formulation was evaluated by quantifying SPL and its metabolites in the plasma. Ocular tolerability of the formulation was evaluated using in vivo retinal imaging and histology. In vitro release studies revealed a sustained release of SPL from 5% SPL-hexPLA for up to 65 days. In vivo studies showed that SPL and its metabolites were detected in all ocular tissues at 3 and 7 days post-IVT inj. At 31 days post-IVT inj, SPL and CAN were mainly detected in the retina. These results also highlighted the clearance pathway of SPL and its metabolite involving the anterior and posterior routes in the first week (days 3 and 7), then mainly the posterior segment in the last week (day 31). This study showed that a single IVT inj of 5% SPL-hexPLA in rats enabled sustained delivery of therapeutic amounts of SPL for up to 1 month to the retina without systemic exposure. This formulation may be of interest for the local treatment of diseases involving overactivation of the mineralocorticoid receptor in the chorioretina such as chronic central serous chorioretinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoual Dahmana
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Geneva & University of Lausanne , CMU-Rue Michel Servet 1 , 1211 Geneva 4 , Switzerland
| | - Laura Kowalczuk
- Faculty of Biology and Medicine , University of Lausanne , Rue du Bugnon 21 , 1011 Lausanne , Switzerland.,Jules-Gonin Eye Hospital, Fondation Asile des Aveugles , Avenue de France 15 , 1004 Lausanne , Switzerland
| | - Doris Gabriel
- Apidel SA , Quai du Mont Blanc 29 , 1201 Geneva , Switzerland
| | - Francine Behar-Cohen
- Faculty of Biology and Medicine , University of Lausanne , Rue du Bugnon 21 , 1011 Lausanne , Switzerland.,Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Université de Paris , INSERM U1138, Team Physiopathology of Ocular Diseases: Therapeutic Innovations, Paris , France.,Hôpital Cochin - Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris , Ophtalmopole , Paris , France
| | - Robert Gurny
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Geneva & University of Lausanne , CMU-Rue Michel Servet 1 , 1211 Geneva 4 , Switzerland.,Apidel SA , Quai du Mont Blanc 29 , 1201 Geneva , Switzerland
| | - Yogeshvar N Kalia
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Geneva & University of Lausanne , CMU-Rue Michel Servet 1 , 1211 Geneva 4 , Switzerland
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Ganugula R, Arora M, Saini P, Guada M, Kumar MNVR. Next Generation Precision-Polyesters Enabling Optimization of Ligand-Receptor Stoichiometry for Modular Drug Delivery. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:7203-7216. [PMID: 28395139 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b13231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The success of receptor-mediated drug delivery primarily depends on the ability to optimize ligand-receptor stoichiometry. Conventional polyesters such as polylactide (PLA) or its copolymer, polylactide-co-glycolide (PLGA), do not allow such optimization due to their terminal functionality. We herein report the synthesis of 12 variations of the PLA-poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) based precision-polyester (P2s) platform, permitting 5-12 periodically spaced carboxyl functional groups on the polymer backbone. These carboxyl groups were utilized to achieve variable degrees of gambogic acid (GA) conjugation to facilitate ligand-receptor stoichiometry optimization. These P2s-GA combined with fluorescent P2s upon emulsification form nanosystems (P2Ns) of size <150 nm with GA expressed on the surface. The P2Ns outclass conventional PLGA-GA nanosystems in cellular uptake using caco-2 intestinal model cultures. The P2Ns showed a proportional increase in cellular uptake with an increase in relative surface GA density from 0 to 75%; the slight decline for 100% GA density was indicative of receptor saturation. The intracellular trafficking of P2Ns in live caco-2 cells demonstrated the involvement of endocytic pathways in cellular uptake. The P2Ns manifest transferrin receptor (TfR) colocalization in ex vivo intestinal tissue sections, despite blocking of the receptor with transferrin (Tf) noncompetitively, i.e., independently of receptor occupation by native ligand. The in vivo application of P2Ns was demonstrated using cyclosporine (CsA) as a model peptide. The P2Ns exhibited modular release in vivo, as a function of surface GA density. This approach may contribute to the development of personalized dose regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghu Ganugula
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M University , TAMU Mailstop 1114, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Meenakshi Arora
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M University , TAMU Mailstop 1114, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Prabhjot Saini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M University , TAMU Mailstop 1114, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Melissa Guada
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M University , TAMU Mailstop 1114, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Majeti N V Ravi Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M University , TAMU Mailstop 1114, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
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Merkle HP. Drug delivery's quest for polymers: Where are the frontiers? Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2016; 97:293-303. [PMID: 26614554 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2015.04.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Revised: 04/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Since the legendary 1964 article of Folkman and Long entitled "The use of silicone rubber as a carrier for prolonged drug therapy" the role of polymers in controlled drug delivery has come a long way. Today it is evident that polymers play a crucial if not the prime role in this field. The latest boost owes to the interest in drug delivery for the purpose of tissue engineering in regenerative medicine. The focus of this commentary is on a selection of general and personal observations that are characteristic for the current state of polymer therapeutics and carriers. It briefly highlights selected examples for the long march of synthetic polymer-drug conjugates from bench to bedside, comments on the ambivalence of selected polymers as inert excipients versus biological response modifiers, and on the yet unsolved dilemma of cationic polymers for the delivery of nucleic acid therapeutics. Further subjects are the complex design of multifunctional polymeric carriers including recent concepts towards functional supramolecular polymers, as well as observations on stimuli-sensitive polymers and the currently ongoing trend towards natural and naturally-derived biopolymers. The final topic is the discovery and early development of a novel type of biodegradable polyesters for parenteral use. Altogether, it is not the basic and applied research in polymer therapeutics and carriers, but the translational process that is the key hurdle to proceed towards an authoritative approval of new polymer therapeutics and carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans P Merkle
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, Campus Hönggerberg, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland.
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Taskar P, Tatke A, Majumdar S. Advances in the use of prodrugs for drug delivery to the eye. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2016; 14:49-63. [PMID: 27441817 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2016.1208649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ocular drug delivery is presented with many challenges, taking into account the distinctive structure of the eye. The prodrug approach has been, and is being, employed to overcome such barriers for some drug molecules, utilizing a chemical modification approach rather than a formulation-based approach. A prodrug strategy involves modification of the active moiety into various derivatives in a fashion that imparts some advantage, such as membrane permeability, site specificity, transporter targeting and improved aqueous solubility, over the parent compound. Areas covered: The following review is a comprehensive summary of various novel methodologies and strategies reported over the past few years in the area of ocular drug delivery. Some of the strategies discussed involve polymer and lipid conjugation with the drug moiety to impart hydrophilicity or lipophilicity, or to target nutrient transporters by conjugation with transporter-specific moieties and retrometabolic drug design. Expert opinion: The application of prodrug strategies provides an option for enhancing drug penetration into the ocular tissues, and overall ocular bioavailability, with minimum disruption of the ocular diffusion barriers. Although success of the prodrug strategy is contingent on various factors, such as the chemical structure of the parent molecule, aqueous solubility and solution stability, capacity of targeted transporters and bioreversion characteristics, this approach has been successfully utilized, commercially and therapeutically, in several cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranjal Taskar
- a Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery , University of Mississippi , University , MS , USA.,b Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Mississippi , University , MS , USA
| | - Akshaya Tatke
- a Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery , University of Mississippi , University , MS , USA.,b Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Mississippi , University , MS , USA
| | - Soumyajit Majumdar
- a Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery , University of Mississippi , University , MS , USA.,b Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Mississippi , University , MS , USA
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Novel biodegradable polymers for local growth factor delivery. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2015; 97:318-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2015.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Revised: 06/06/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Loth R, Loth T, Schwabe K, Bernhardt R, Schulz-Siegmund M, Hacker MC. Highly adjustable biomaterial networks from three-armed biodegradable macromers. Acta Biomater 2015; 26:82-96. [PMID: 26277378 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2015.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Revised: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Biocompatible material platforms with adjustable properties and option for chemical modification are warranted for site-specific biomedical applications. To this end, three-armed biodegradable macromers of well-defined chemical characteristics were prepared from trivalent alcohols with different degrees of ethoxylation and different lengths of oligoester domains. A platform of 15 different macromers was established. The macromers were designed to exhibit different hydrophilicities and molecular weights and contained various types of oligoesters such as d,l-lactide, l-lactide and ε-caprolactone. Macromers chemical composition was determined and molecular weights ranged from 900 to 3000 Da. Thermally induced cross-linking of methacrylated macromers was monitored by oscillation rheology. A novel variant of the solid lipid templating technique was established to fabricate macroporous tissue engineering scaffolds from these macromers. Scaffold properties were thoroughly investigated regarding mechanical properties, compositional analysis including methacrylic double bond conversion, microstructure and porosity. Material properties could be controlled by macromer chemistry. By variation of the fabrication procedure and processing parameters scaffold porosity was increased up to 88%. Basic cytocompatibility was assessed including indirect and direct contact methods. The established macromers hold promise for various biomedical purposes. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Specific biomedical applications require tailored biomaterials with defined properties. We established a macromer platform for preparation of tissue engineering scaffolds with adjustable chemical and mechanical characteristics. Macromers were composed of trivalent core alcohols with different degrees of ethoxylation to which biodegradable domains - lactide or ε-caprolactone - were oligomerized before final methacrylation. The solid lipid templating technique was adapted to fabricate macroporous scaffolds with controlled pore structure and porosity from the developed macromers, which can also be processed by solid freeform fabrication techniques. The material platform relies on clinically established chemistries of the biodegradable domains and the macromer concept enables the fabrication of networks in which cross-polymerization kinetics, mechanical properties and surface hydrophobicity is predefined by macromer chemistry. Cytocompatibility was confirmed by indirect and direct cell contact experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudi Loth
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology, Leipzig University, Eilenburger Str. 15a, D-04317 Leipzig, Germany; Collaborative Research Center (SFB/Transregio 67), Matrixengineering, Leipzig and Dresden, Germany
| | - Tina Loth
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology, Leipzig University, Eilenburger Str. 15a, D-04317 Leipzig, Germany; Collaborative Research Center (SFB/Transregio 67), Matrixengineering, Leipzig and Dresden, Germany
| | - Katharina Schwabe
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology, Leipzig University, Eilenburger Str. 15a, D-04317 Leipzig, Germany; Collaborative Research Center (SFB/Transregio 67), Matrixengineering, Leipzig and Dresden, Germany
| | - Ricardo Bernhardt
- Max-Bergmann-Center of Biomaterials, Dresden, University of Technology, Budapester Str. 27, D-01062 Dresden, Germany; Collaborative Research Center (SFB/Transregio 67), Matrixengineering, Leipzig and Dresden, Germany
| | - Michaela Schulz-Siegmund
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology, Leipzig University, Eilenburger Str. 15a, D-04317 Leipzig, Germany; Collaborative Research Center (SFB/Transregio 67), Matrixengineering, Leipzig and Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael C Hacker
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology, Leipzig University, Eilenburger Str. 15a, D-04317 Leipzig, Germany; Collaborative Research Center (SFB/Transregio 67), Matrixengineering, Leipzig and Dresden, Germany.
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Asmus LR, Grimshaw JP, Richle P, Eicher B, Urech DM, Gurny R, Möller M. Injectable formulations for an intravitreal sustained-release application of a novel single-chain VEGF antibody fragment. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2015; 95:250-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2015.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Revised: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Veurink M, Mangioris G, Kaufmann B, Asmus L, Hennig M, Heiligenhaus A, Gurny R, Möller M, Pournaras CJ. Development of an Intravitreal Peptide (BQ123) Sustained Release System Based on Poly(2-Hydroxyoctanoic Acid) Aiming at a Retinal Vasodilator Response. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2014; 30:517-23. [DOI: 10.1089/jop.2013.0117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marieke Veurink
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Georgios Mangioris
- Department of Ophthalmology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Béatrice Kaufmann
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Lutz Asmus
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Maren Hennig
- Department of Ophthalmology, St. Franziskus Hospital, Muenster, Germany
| | - Arnd Heiligenhaus
- Department of Ophthalmology, St. Franziskus Hospital, Muenster, Germany
| | - Robert Gurny
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Michael Möller
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland
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Parent M, Nouvel C, Koerber M, Sapin A, Maincent P, Boudier A. PLGA in situ implants formed by phase inversion: Critical physicochemical parameters to modulate drug release. J Control Release 2013; 172:292-304. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2013.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2013] [Accepted: 08/14/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Design and in vitro assessment of L-lactic acid-based copolymers as prodrug and carrier for intravitreal sustained L-lactate release to reverse retinal arteriolar occlusions. Eur J Pharm Sci 2013; 49:233-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2013.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2012] [Revised: 02/21/2013] [Accepted: 02/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Asmus LR, Tille JC, Kaufmann B, Melander L, Weiss T, Vessman K, Koechling W, Schwach G, Gurny R, Möller M. In vivo biocompatibility, sustained-release and stability of triptorelin formulations based on a liquid, degradable polymer. J Control Release 2013; 165:199-206. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2012.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2012] [Revised: 11/22/2012] [Accepted: 11/25/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Single processing step toward injectable sustained-release formulations of Triptorelin based on a novel degradable semi-solid polymer. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2012; 81:591-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2012.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2011] [Revised: 04/16/2012] [Accepted: 04/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Kempe S, Mäder K. In situ forming implants — an attractive formulation principle for parenteral depot formulations. J Control Release 2012; 161:668-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2012.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2012] [Revised: 04/04/2012] [Accepted: 04/10/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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