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Li H, Anjani QK, McGuckin MB, Himawan A, Li M, Donnelly RF. Development of a HPLC fluorometric method for the quantification of enfuvirtide following in vitro releasing studies on thermosensitive in situ forming gel. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2023:10.1007/s13346-023-01344-5. [PMID: 37120679 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-023-01344-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Due to the presence of peptidase and protease in the gastrointestinal tract, peptides are subjected to digestion and inactivation when administrated orally. To avoid degradation and maintain the desired efficacy of peptide drugs, there is a demand to develop transdermal and intradermal delivery systems. This requires efficient and specific analytical methods to separate and quantify the peptide drugs from the formulation and the skin matrix in the early stages of pharmaceutical development. A high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) system equipped with a fluorometric detector was used to quantify enfuvirtide, which is the first fusion inhibitor for HIV treatment. The HPLC method was developed and validated according to the ICH Q2(R1) guidelines. The viability of the method was demonstrated during in vitro studies, where samples were analysed following intradermal administration of a thermosensitive in situ forming gel. Compared with previously reported methods, this assay proved efficient, sensitive and accurate, with a detection limit of 0.74 μg/mL and a run time of 9 min, mitigating the use of any internal standards and detergents. The addition of an organic solvent to the samples successfully solved the problem of low recovery caused by the adsorption of the drug to the plastic consumables in the sample treatment process. The amount of enfuvirtide releasing from the in situ gel through skin after 7 hours was 16.25 ± 7.08 μg, which was significantly lower than the reconstituted FUZEON® itself (26.68 ± 10.45 μg), showing a longer release profile. The results may be beneficial as a constructive input for future enfuvirtide quantification within a preclinical setting through in vitro release studies across the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Li
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Qonita Kurnia Anjani
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK
- Fakultas Farmasi, Universitas Megarezky, Jl. Antang Raya No. 43, Makassar, 90234, Indonesia
| | - Mary B McGuckin
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Achmad Himawan
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar, 90245, Indonesia
| | - Mingshan Li
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Ryan F Donnelly
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK.
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2
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Ascher DB, Kaminskas LM, Myung Y, Pires DEV. Using Graph-Based Signatures to Guide Rational Antibody Engineering. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2552:375-397. [PMID: 36346604 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2609-2_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Antibodies are essential experimental and diagnostic tools and as biotherapeutics have significantly advanced our ability to treat a range of diseases. With recent innovations in computational tools to guide protein engineering, we can now rationally design better antibodies with improved efficacy, stability, and pharmacokinetics. Here, we describe the use of the mCSM web-based in silico suite, which uses graph-based signatures to rapidly identify the structural and functional consequences of mutations, to guide rational antibody engineering to improve stability, affinity, and specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- David B Ascher
- Structural Biology and Bioinformatics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Computational Biology and Clinical Informatics, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry, Cambridge University, Cambridge, UK
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Lisa M Kaminskas
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Yoochan Myung
- Structural Biology and Bioinformatics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Computational Biology and Clinical Informatics, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Douglas E V Pires
- Structural Biology and Bioinformatics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
- Computational Biology and Clinical Informatics, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- School of Computing and Information Systems, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
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3
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Subasic CN, Ardana A, Chan LJ, Huang F, Scoble JA, Butcher NJ, Meagher L, Chiefari J, Kaminskas LM, Williams CC. Poly(HPMA-co-NIPAM) copolymer as an alternative to polyethylene glycol-based pharmacokinetic modulation of therapeutic proteins. Int J Pharm 2021; 608:121075. [PMID: 34481889 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.121075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PEGylation is the standard approach for prolonging the plasma exposure of protein therapeutics but has limitations. We explored whether polymers prepared by Reversible Addition-Fragmentation chain-Transfer (RAFT) may provide better alternatives to polyethylene glycol (PEG). Four RAFT polymers were synthesised with varying compositions, molar mass (Mn), and structures, including a homopolymer of N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide, (pHPMA) and statistical copolymers of HPMA with poly(ethylene glycol methyl ether acrylate) p(HPMA-co-PEGA); HPMA and N-acryloylmorpholine, p(HPMA-co-NAM); and HPMA and N-isopropylacrylamide, p(HPMA-co-NIPAM). The intravenous pharmacokinetics of the polymers were then evaluated in rats. The in vitro activity and in vivo pharmacokinetics of p(HPMA-co-NIPAM)-conjugated trastuzumab Fab' and full length mAb were then evaluated. p(HPMA-co-NIPAM) prolonged plasma exposure more avidly compared to the other p(HPMA) polymers or PEG, irrespective of molecular weight. When conjugated to trastuzumab-Fab', p(HPMA-co-NIPAM) prolonged plasma exposure of the Fab' similar to PEG-Fab'. The generation of anti-PEG IgM in rats 7 days after intravenous and subcutaneous dosing of p(HPMA-co-NIPAM) conjugated trastuzumab mAb was also examined and was shown to exhibit lower immunogenicity than the PEGylated construct. These data suggest that p(HPMA-co-NIPAM) has potential as a promising copolymer for use as an alternative conjugation strategy to PEG, to prolong the plasma exposure of therapeutic proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher N Subasic
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Aditya Ardana
- CSIRO Manufacturing, 343 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Linda J Chan
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Fei Huang
- CSIRO Manufacturing, 343 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Judith A Scoble
- CSIRO Manufacturing, 343 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Neville J Butcher
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Laurence Meagher
- CSIRO Manufacturing, 343 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, 20 Research Way, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - John Chiefari
- CSIRO Manufacturing, 343 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Lisa M Kaminskas
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.
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4
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Marasini N, Fu C, Fletcher NL, Subasic C, Er G, Mardon K, Thurecht KJ, Whittaker AK, Kaminskas LM. The Impact of Polymer Size and Cleavability on the Intravenous Pharmacokinetics of PEG-Based Hyperbranched Polymers in Rats. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E2452. [PMID: 33302413 PMCID: PMC7762536 DOI: 10.3390/nano10122452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A better understanding of the impact of molecular size and linkers is important for PEG-based hyperbranched polymers (HBPs) intended as tailored drug delivery vehicles. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of crosslinker chemistry (cleavable disulphide versus non-cleavable ethylene glycol methacrylate (EGDMA) linkers) and molecular weight within the expected size range for efficient renal elimination (22 vs. 48 kDa) on the intravenous pharmacokinetic and biodistribution properties of 89Zr-labelled HBPs in rats. All HBPs showed similar plasma pharmacokinetics over 72 h, despite differences in linker chemistry and size. A larger proportion of HBP with the cleavable linker was eliminated via the urine and faeces compared to a similar-sized HBP with the non-cleavable linker, while size had no impact on the proportion of the dose excreted. The higher molecular weight HBPs accumulated in organs of the mononuclear phagocyte system (liver and spleen) more avidly than the smaller HBP. These results suggest that HBPs within the 22 to 48 kDa size range show no differences in plasma pharmacokinetics, but distinct patterns of organ biodistribution and elimination are evident.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirmal Marasini
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia 4072, Queensland, Australia;
| | - Changkui Fu
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia 4072, Queensland, Australia; (C.F.); (N.L.F.); (G.E.); (K.J.T.); (A.K.W.)
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia 4072, Queensland, Australia
| | - Nicholas L. Fletcher
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia 4072, Queensland, Australia; (C.F.); (N.L.F.); (G.E.); (K.J.T.); (A.K.W.)
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia 4072, Queensland, Australia
- ARC Training Centre for innovation in Biomedical Imaging Technology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia 4072, Queensland, Australia
- Centre for Advance Imaging, The University of Queensland, St Lucia 4072, Queensland, Australia;
| | - Christopher Subasic
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia 4072, Queensland, Australia;
| | - Gerald Er
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia 4072, Queensland, Australia; (C.F.); (N.L.F.); (G.E.); (K.J.T.); (A.K.W.)
| | - Karine Mardon
- Centre for Advance Imaging, The University of Queensland, St Lucia 4072, Queensland, Australia;
| | - Kristofer J. Thurecht
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia 4072, Queensland, Australia; (C.F.); (N.L.F.); (G.E.); (K.J.T.); (A.K.W.)
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia 4072, Queensland, Australia
- ARC Training Centre for innovation in Biomedical Imaging Technology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia 4072, Queensland, Australia
- Centre for Advance Imaging, The University of Queensland, St Lucia 4072, Queensland, Australia;
| | - Andrew K. Whittaker
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia 4072, Queensland, Australia; (C.F.); (N.L.F.); (G.E.); (K.J.T.); (A.K.W.)
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia 4072, Queensland, Australia
| | - Lisa M. Kaminskas
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia 4072, Queensland, Australia;
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Abdallah M, Müllertz OO, Styles IK, Mörsdorf A, Quinn JF, Whittaker MR, Trevaskis NL. Lymphatic targeting by albumin-hitchhiking: Applications and optimisation. J Control Release 2020; 327:117-128. [PMID: 32771478 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.07.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The lymphatic system plays an integral role in the development and progression of a range of disease conditions, which has impelled medical researchers and clinicians to design, develop and utilize advanced lymphatic drug delivery systems. Following interstitial administration, most therapeutics and molecules are cleared from tissues via the draining blood capillaries. Macromolecules and delivery systems >20 kDa in size or 10-100 nm in diameter are, however, transported from the interstitium via draining lymphatic vessels as they are too large to cross the blood capillary endothelium. Lymphatic uptake of small molecules can be promoted by two general approaches: administration in association with synthetic macromolecular constructs, or through hitchhiking on endogenous cells or macromolecular carriers that are transported from tissues via the lymphatics. In this paper we review the latter approach where molecules are targeted to lymph by hitchhiking on endogenous albumin transport pathways after subcutaneous, intramuscular or intradermal injection. We describe the properties of the lymphatic system and albumin that are relevant to lymphatic targeting, the characteristics of drugs and delivery systems designed to hitchhike on albumin trafficking pathways and how to further optimise these properties, and finally the current applications and potential future directions for albumin-hitchhiking approaches to target the lymphatics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Abdallah
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Olivia O Müllertz
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Australia; Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ian K Styles
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Australia
| | - Alexander Mörsdorf
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - John F Quinn
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Michael R Whittaker
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Natalie L Trevaskis
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Australia.
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6
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Application of star poly(ethylene glycol) derivatives in drug delivery and controlled release. J Control Release 2020; 323:565-577. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.04.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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7
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Polyethylene Glycol 40-Modified Peptide with High Therapeutic Efficacy in Simian-Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Acutely Infected Rhesus Monkeys. J Virol 2020; 94:JVI.00386-20. [PMID: 32404523 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00386-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Anti-human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (anti-HIV-1) fusion peptides have been studied for nearly 2 decades, but few candidates have found useful clinical applications. One factor underlying the failure of such agents to reach the clinic is their poor pharmacokinetic properties, and many efforts have been made to overcome this problem. In this study, we modified C34, a peptide inhibitor of HIV-1 fusion, at its conserved glycosylation site using polyethylene glycols (PEGs) of different molecular weights. PEG40-NC, a conjugate of C34 and branched PEG 40 kDa (PEG40), which has been previously shown to improve the pharmacokinetic profiles of proteins, showed a significantly extended half-life (t 1/2; 10.39 h in rats), which compensated for decreased in vitro activity (50% effective concentration [EC50] of 18.51 nM). PEG40-NC also showed a mechanism of action similar to that of C34. PEG40-NC monotherapy in acutely simian-human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV)-infected rhesus monkeys significantly suppressed viral load compared with a control treatment. Efficacy was linked to the extended half-life and lymphatic exposure conferred by attached PEG40. These results highlight the potential of further clinical investigations of PEG40-NC in combination with antiretroviral therapy or other anti-HIV agents.IMPORTANCE Poor pharmacokinetics have severely hindered the clinical use of anti-HIV peptides. Different small molecules, such as lipid, cholesterol, and small PEG, were designed to modify peptides to improve their pharmacokinetics. In this study, we incorporated large branched PEG to anti-HIV peptide and obtained a conjugate with extended half-life and improved in vivo efficacy. The strategy we developed in this study can also be applicable for the development of other peptide candidates.
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