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Zhu T, Xu Y, Li Z, He J, Yuan X, Qian D, Chang T, Lu L, Chi B, Guo K. Cholinium Pyridinolate Ionic Pair-Catalyzed Fixation of CO 2 into Cyclic Carbonates. J Org Chem 2024. [PMID: 38787343 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
A halide-free ionic pair organocatalyst was proposed for the cycloaddition of CO2 into epoxide reactions. Cholinium pyridinolate ionic pairs with three different substitution positions were designed. Under conditions of temperature of 120 °C, pressure of 1 MPa CO2, and catalyst loading of 5 mol %, the optimal catalyst cholinium 4-pyridinolate ([Ch]+[4-OP]-) was employed. After a reaction time of 12 h, styrene oxide was successfully converted into the corresponding cyclic carbonate, and its selectivity was improved to 90%. A series of terminal epoxides were converted into cyclic carbonates within 12 h, with yields ranging from 80 to 99%. The proposed mechanism was verified by 1H NMR and 13C NMR titrations. Cholinium cations act as a hydrogen bond donor to activate epoxides, and pyridinolate anions combine with carbon dioxide to form intermediate carbonate anions that attack epoxides as nucleophiles and lead to ring opening. In summary, a halide-free ionic pair organocatalyst was designed and the catalytic mechanism in the cycloaddition of CO2 into epoxides reactions was proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Zhu
- State Key Laboratory Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Road South, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Yue Xu
- State Key Laboratory Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Road South, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Zhenjiang Li
- State Key Laboratory Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Road South, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Jun He
- State Key Laboratory Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Road South, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Xin Yuan
- State Key Laboratory Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Road South, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Dong Qian
- State Key Laboratory Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Road South, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Tong Chang
- State Key Laboratory Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Road South, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Longlin Lu
- State Key Laboratory Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Road South, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Bo Chi
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Kai Guo
- State Key Laboratory Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Road South, Nanjing 211816, China
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Nainwal N, Jawla S, Singh R, Banerjee S, Saharan VA. Solubility-permeability interplay of hydrotropic solubilization of piroxicam. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2024:1-14. [PMID: 38717346 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2024.2349576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/15/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In this research paper, an investigation has been made to assess the simultaneous effect of a solubility enhancement approach, i.e., hydrotropy on the solubility and apparent permeability of piroxicam. The solubility of piroxicam (PRX) a BCS (biopharmaceutics classification system) class II drug has been increased using a mixed hydrotropy approach. This study is based on identifying the pattern of solubility-permeability interplay and confirming whether every solubility gain results in a concomitant decrease in permeability or permeability remains unaffected. METHOD Solid dispersions of PRX were formulated using two hydrotropes, viz., sodium benzoate (SB) and piperazine (PP) by solvent evaporation method. A comprehensive 32factorial design was employed to study the effect of hydrotropes on the solubility and permeability of PRX. Subsequently, PRX tablets containing these solid dispersions were formulated and evaluated. KEY FINDINGS SB and PP displayed a significant increase in the solubility of PRX ranging from 0.99 to 2.21 mg/mL for F1-F9 batches attributed to the synergistic effect of hydrotropes. However, there is a reduction in PRX permeability with increasing hydrotrope levels. The decline in permeability was notably less pronounced compared to the simultaneous rise in aqueous solubility of PRX. CONCLUSION An evident tradeoff between permeability and solubility emerged through the mixed hydrotropic solubilization for PRX. As PRX has generally higher intrinsic permeability, it has been assumed that this permeability loss will not affect the overall absorption of PRX. However, it may affect the absorption of drugs with limited permeability. Therefore, solubility permeability interplay should be investigated during solubility enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Nainwal
- Uttaranchal Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
- Adarsh Vijendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shobhit University, Saharanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Sardar Bhagwan Singh University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Sunil Jawla
- Adarsh Vijendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shobhit University, Saharanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Geeta Institute of Pharmacy, Geeta University, Panipat, Haryana, India
| | - Ranjit Singh
- Adarsh Vijendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shobhit University, Saharanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Surojit Banerjee
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Sardar Bhagwan Singh University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Vikas Anand Saharan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Sardar Bhagwan Singh University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology (Formulations), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Guwahati (NIPER-G), Guwahati, Assam, India
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Chen X, Li Z, Yang C, Yang D. Ionic liquids as the effective technology for enhancing transdermal drug delivery: Design principles, roles, mechanisms, and future challenges. Asian J Pharm Sci 2024; 19:100900. [PMID: 38590797 PMCID: PMC10999516 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2024.100900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) have been proven to be an effective technology for enhancing drug transdermal absorption. However, due to the unique structural components of ILs, the design of efficient ILs and elucidation of action mechanisms remain to be explored. In this review, basic design principles of ideal ILs for transdermal drug delivery system (TDDS) are discussed considering melting point, skin permeability, and toxicity, which depend on the molar ratios, types, functional groups of ions and inter-ionic interactions. Secondly, the contributions of ILs to the development of TDDS through different roles are described: as novel skin penetration enhancers for enhancing transdermal absorption of drugs; as novel solvents for improving the solubility of drugs in carriers; as novel active pharmaceutical ingredients (API-ILs) for regulating skin permeability, solubility, release, and pharmacokinetic behaviors of drugs; and as novel polymers for the development of smart medical materials. Moreover, diverse action mechanisms, mainly including the interactions among ILs, drugs, polymers, and skin components, are summarized. Finally, future challenges related to ILs are discussed, including underlying quantitative structure-activity relationships, complex interaction forces between anions, drugs, polymers and skin microenvironment, long-term stability, and in vivo safety issues. In summary, this article will promote the development of TDDS based on ILs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejun Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Ziqing Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Chunrong Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Degong Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
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Fine-Shamir N, Dahan A. Solubility-enabling formulations for oral delivery of lipophilic drugs: considering the solubility-permeability interplay for accelerated formulation development. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2024; 21:13-29. [PMID: 38124383 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2023.2298247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tackling low water solubility of drug candidates is a major challenge in today's pharmaceutics/biopharmaceutics, especially by means of modern solubility-enabling formulations. However, drug absorption from these formulations oftentimes remains unchanged or even decreases, despite substantial solubility enhancement. AREAS COVERED In this article, we overview the simultaneous effects of the formulation on the solubility and the apparent permeability of the drug, and analyze the contribution of this solubility-permeability interplay to the success/failure of the formulation to increase the overall absorption and bioavailability. Three different patterns of interplay were identified: (1) solubility-permeability tradeoff in which every solubility gain comes with a price of concomitant permeability loss; (2) an advantageous interplay pattern in which the permeability remains unchanged alongside the solubility gain; and (3) an optimal interplay pattern in which the formulation increases both the solubility and the permeability. Passive vs. active intestinal permeability considerations in the context of the solubility-permeability interplay are also thoroughly discussed. EXPERT OPINION The solubility-permeability interplay pattern of a given formulation has a critical effect on its overall success/failure, and hence, taking into account both parameters in solubility-enabling formulation development is prudent and highly recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noa Fine-Shamir
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Arik Dahan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
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Monaci S, Minudri D, Guazzelli L, Mezzetta A, Mecerreyes D, Forsyth M, Somers A. Lignin-Derivative Ionic Liquids as Corrosion Inhibitors. Molecules 2023; 28:5568. [PMID: 37513439 PMCID: PMC10384825 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28145568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Corrosion is a significant problem that negatively affects a wide range of structures and buildings, resulting in their premature failure, which causes safety hazards and significant economic loss. For this reason, various approaches have been developed to prevent or minimize the effects of corrosion, including corrosion inhibitors. Recently, biobased inhibitors have gained a certain interest thanks to their unique properties, eco-friendliness, and availability. Among all the green precursors, lignin is of particular interest, being a natural polymer that can be obtained from different sources including agricultural residues. Corrosion inhibitors based on ionic liquids (ILs) also present interesting advantages, such as low volatility and high tunability. If combined, it may be possible to obtain new lignin-based ILs that present interesting corrosion inhibitor properties. In this work, the inhibition properties of new biobased lignin ILs and the influence of anions and cations on the corrosion of mild steel in an aqueous solution of 0.01 M NaCl were investigated by Potentiostatic Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (PEIS) and Cyclic Potentiodynamic Polarization (CPP). Moreover, the surface was characterized using SEM, EDS, and optical profilometry. The IL choline syringate showed promising performance, reducing the corrosion current after 24 h immersion in 0.01 M sodium chloride, from 1.66 µA/cm2 for the control to 0.066 µA/cm2 with 10 mM of the IL present. In addition to its performance as a corrosion inhibitor, both components of this IL also meet or exceed the current additional desired properties of such compounds, being readily available, and well tolerated in organisms and the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Monaci
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC 3125, Australia
| | - Daniela Minudri
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Lorenzo Guazzelli
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno Pisano 33, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Andrea Mezzetta
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno Pisano 33, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - David Mecerreyes
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Maria Forsyth
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC 3125, Australia
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Anthony Somers
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC 3125, Australia
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Barreira A, Santos AFM, Dionísio M, Jesus AR, Duarte ARC, Petrovski Ž, Paninho AB, Ventura MG, Branco LC. Ionic Levothyroxine Formulations: Synthesis, Bioavailability, and Cytotoxicity Studies. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:8822. [PMID: 37240166 PMCID: PMC10218257 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Thyroid diseases affect a considerable portion of the population, with hypothyroidism being one of the most commonly reported thyroid diseases. Levothyroxine (T4) is clinically used to treat hypothyroidism and suppress thyroid stimulating hormone secretion in other thyroid diseases. In this work, an attempt to improve T4 solubility is made through the synthesis of ionic liquids (ILs) based on this drug. In this context, [Na][T4] was combined with choline [Ch]+ and 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-3-methylimidazolium [C2OHMiM] + cations in order to prepare the desired T4-ILs. All compounds were characterized by NMR, ATR-FTIR, elemental analysis, and DSC, aiming to check their chemical structure, purities, and thermal properties. The serum, water, and PBS solubilities of the T4-ILs were compared to [Na][T4], as well as the permeability assays. It is important to note an improved adsorption capacity, in which no significant cytotoxicity was observed against L929 cells. [C2OHMiM][T4] seems to be a good alternative to the commercial levothyroxine sodium salt with promising bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Márcia G. Ventura
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; (A.B.); (A.F.M.S.); (M.D.); (A.R.J.); (A.R.C.D.); (Ž.P.); (A.B.P.)
| | - Luis C. Branco
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; (A.B.); (A.F.M.S.); (M.D.); (A.R.J.); (A.R.C.D.); (Ž.P.); (A.B.P.)
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7
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Warsi Khan H, Kaif Khan M, Moniruzzaman M, Al Mesfer MK, Danish M, Irshad K, Yusuf M, Kamyab H, Chelliapan S. Evaluating ionic liquids for its potential as eco-friendly solvents for naproxen removal from water sources using COSMO-RS: Computational and experimental validation. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 231:116058. [PMID: 37178749 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
An emerging contaminant of concern in aqueous streams is naproxen. Due to its poor solubility, non-biodegradability, and pharmaceutically active nature, the separation is challenging. Conventional solvents employed for naproxen are toxic and harmful. Ionic liquids (ILs) have attracted great attention as greener solubilizing and separating agent for various pharmaceuticals. ILs have found extensive usage as solvents in nanotechnological processes involving enzymatic reactions and whole cells. The employment of ILs can enhance the effectiveness and productivity of such bioprocesses. To avoid cumbersome experimental screening, in this study, conductor like screening model for real solvents (COSMO-RS) was used to screen ILs. Thirty anions and eight cations from various families were chosen. Activity coefficient at infinite dilution, capacity, selectivity, performance index, molecular interactions using σ-profiles and interaction energies were used to make predictions about solubility. According to the findings, quaternary ammonium cations, highly electronegative, and food-grade anions will form excellent ionic liquid combinations for solubilizing naproxen and hence will be better separating agents. This research will contribute easy designing of ionic liquid-based separation technologies for naproxen. In different separation technologies, ionic liquids can be employed as extractants, carriers, adsorbents, and absorbents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huma Warsi Khan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia.
| | | | - Muhammad Moniruzzaman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia; Center of Research in Ionic Liquids, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Mohammed K Al Mesfer
- Chemical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Danish
- Chemical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kashif Irshad
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre for Renewable Energy and Power Systems (IRC-REPS) Research Institute, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Yusuf
- Institute of Hydrocarbon Recovery, Department of Petroleum Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar, Perak, 32610, Malaysia.
| | - Hesam Kamyab
- Department of Biomaterials, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, 600 077, India; Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, 54100, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Shreshivadasan Chelliapan
- Engineering Department, Razak Faculty of Technology & Informatics, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, 54100, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Moshikur RM, Carrier RL, Moniruzzaman M, Goto M. Recent Advances in Biocompatible Ionic Liquids in Drug Formulation and Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1179. [PMID: 37111664 PMCID: PMC10145603 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15041179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of effective drug formulations and delivery systems for newly developed or marketed drug molecules remains a significant challenge. These drugs can exhibit polymorphic conversion, poor bioavailability, and systemic toxicity, and can be difficult to formulate with traditional organic solvents due to acute toxicity. Ionic liquids (ILs) are recognized as solvents that can improve the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of drugs. ILs can address the operational/functional challenges associated with traditional organic solvents. However, many ILs are non-biodegradable and inherently toxic, which is the most significant challenge in developing IL-based drug formulations and delivery systems. Biocompatible ILs comprising biocompatible cations and anions mainly derived from bio-renewable sources are considered a green alternative to both conventional ILs and organic/inorganic solvents. This review covers the technologies and strategies developed to design biocompatible ILs, focusing on the design of biocompatible IL-based drug formulations and delivery systems, and discusses the advantages of these ILs in pharmaceutical and biomedical applications. Furthermore, this review will provide guidance on transitioning to biocompatible ILs rather than commonly used toxic ILs and organic solvents in fields ranging from chemical synthesis to pharmaceutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahman Md Moshikur
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Rebecca L. Carrier
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Muhammad Moniruzzaman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Masahiro Goto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Advanced Transdermal Drug Delivery System Center, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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Ya. Zakharova L, Vasilieva EA, Mirgorodskaya AB, Zakharov SV, Pavlov RV, Kashapova NE, Gaynanova GA. Hydrotropes: solubilization of nonpolar compounds and modification of surfactant solutions. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.120923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
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10
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Qin X, Ma G, Liu L, Feng J, Zhou S, Han W, Zhou J, Liu Y, Zhang J. Microwave-assisted degradation of β-D-glucan from Ganoderma lucidum and the structural and immunoregulatory properties of oligosaccharide fractions. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 220:1197-1211. [PMID: 36007700 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.08.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Microwave-assisted degradation of β-(1 → 3,1 → 6)-D-glucan from Ganoderma lucidum and correlated immunoregulatory activities were investigated in this study. The optimal temperature and degradation time for microwave hydrothermal hydrolysis were 140 °C and 40 min, respectively. Under these conditions, a high yield of degradation rate (98.4 %) and abundant β-oligosaccharide products (GLOS) with different degrees of polymerization (DP 2-24) were obtained. Four fractions including F1 (DP 2-8), F2 (DP 6-19), F3 (DP 8-24) and F4 (high DPs) with different average ratios of β-(1 → 3) to β-(1 → 6)-linked glucose units were isolated from GLOS. The structures of oligosaccharides with DP (2-6) in F1 were identified as linear β-(1 → 3)-linked glucooligosaccharides without or with β-(1 → 6)-linked glucose residues based on MS/MS analysis. The immunoregulation activity of β-glucooligosaccharides was correlated with their DPs and the average ratios of β-(1 → 3) to β-(1 → 6)-linked glucose units. F4 fraction with high DPs and ratio of 3.29:1 exhibited higher immunoenhancing activity on inducing NF-κB activation through binding to dectin-1. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) analysis indicated that β-glucooligosaccharides could bind to Dectin-1 directly and the binding affinity increased with the increase of DPs and the ratios of β-(1 → 3)-linked glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu Qin
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi Resources and Utilization (South), Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Shanghai 201403, China; Engineering Research Centre of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Guanhua Ma
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi Resources and Utilization (South), Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Liping Liu
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi Resources and Utilization (South), Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Jie Feng
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi Resources and Utilization (South), Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Shuai Zhou
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi Resources and Utilization (South), Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Shanghai 201403, China.
| | - Wei Han
- Engineering Research Centre of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Jing Zhou
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi Resources and Utilization (South), Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Shanghai 201403, China; Shanghai Baixin Bio-Tech Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201403, China.
| | - Yanfang Liu
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi Resources and Utilization (South), Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Shanghai 201403, China.
| | - Jingsong Zhang
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi Resources and Utilization (South), Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Shanghai 201403, China.
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Himani, Pratap Singh Raman A, Babu Singh M, Jain P, Chaudhary P, Bahadur I, Lal K, Kumar V, Singh P. An Update on Synthesis, Properties, Applications and Toxicity of the ILs. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.119989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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12
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Ionic Liquids: Promising Approach for Oral Drug Delivery. Pharm Res 2022; 39:2353-2365. [PMID: 35449344 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-022-03260-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Oral administration is the most preferred route for drug administration in clinic. However, due to unsatisfactory physicochemical properties of drugs and various physiological barriers, the oral bioavailability of most poorly water-soluble and macromolecules drugs is low and the therapeutic effect is unsatisfactory. Ionic liquids (ILs), molten salts with unique properties, show amazing potential for oral delivery. In addition to being able to form active pharmaceutical ingredients based ILs (API-ILs) to overcome drug solubility and polymorphism issues, ILs have also been used to enhance the solubility of poorly soluble drugs, enhance drug stability in the gastrointestinal environment, improve drug permeability in intestinal mucus, and facilitate drug penetration across the intestinal epithelial barrier. Furthermore, ILs were attempted as formulation components to develop novel oral drug delivery systems. This review focus on the application progress of ILs in oral drug delivery and the mechanisms. The challenges and perspectives of the development of ILs-based oral delivery systems are also discussed. This article reviews the latest advances of ionic liquids for oral drug delivery, focusing on the application and related mechanisms of ionic liquids in improving the drug physicochemical properties and enhancing drug delivery across physiological barriers.
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14
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Abranches DO, Soares BP, Ferreira AM, Shimizu S, Pinho SP, Coutinho JAP. The Impact of Size and Shape in the Performance of Hydrotropes: A Case-Study of Alkanediols. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:7624-7634. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cp00496h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Inspired by the recently proposed cooperative mechanism of hydrotropy, where water molecules mediate the aggregation of hydrotrope around the solute, this work studies the impact of apolar volume and polar...
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Júlio A, Costa JG, Pereira-Leite C, Santos de Almeida T. TransfersomILs: From Ionic Liquids to a New Class of Nanovesicular Systems. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 12:nano12010007. [PMID: 35009956 PMCID: PMC8747046 DOI: 10.3390/nano12010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) have increasingly been studied as key materials to upgrade the performance of many pharmaceutical formulations. In controlled delivery systems, ILs have improved multiple physicochemical properties, showing the relevance of continuing to study their incorporation into these formulations. Transfersomes are biocompatible nanovesicular systems, quite useful in controlled delivery. They have promising characteristics, such as elasticity and deformability, making them suitable for cutaneous delivery. Nonetheless, their overall properties and performance may still be improved. Herein, new TransfersomILs systems to load rutin were developed and the physicochemical properties of the formulations were assessed. These systems were prepared based on an optimized formulation obtained from a Box-Behnken factorial design (BBD). The impact of imidazole-based ILs, cholinium-based ILs, and their combinations on the cell viability of HaCaT cells and on the solubility of rutin was initially assessed. The newly developed TransfersomILs containing rutin presented a smaller size and, in general, a higher association efficiency, loading capacity, and total amount of drug release compared to the formulation without IL. The ILs also promoted the colloidal stability of the vesicles, upgrading storage stability. Thus, ILs were a bridge to develop new TransfersomILs systems with an overall improved performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Júlio
- CBIOS—Universidade Lusófona’s Research Center for Biosciences & Health Technologies, Campo Grande 376, 1749-024 Lisboa, Portugal; (A.J.); (J.G.C.); (C.P.-L.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Alcalá, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona Km. 33.600, Alcalá de Henares, 28871 Madrid, Spain
| | - João Guilherme Costa
- CBIOS—Universidade Lusófona’s Research Center for Biosciences & Health Technologies, Campo Grande 376, 1749-024 Lisboa, Portugal; (A.J.); (J.G.C.); (C.P.-L.)
| | - Catarina Pereira-Leite
- CBIOS—Universidade Lusófona’s Research Center for Biosciences & Health Technologies, Campo Grande 376, 1749-024 Lisboa, Portugal; (A.J.); (J.G.C.); (C.P.-L.)
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Tânia Santos de Almeida
- CBIOS—Universidade Lusófona’s Research Center for Biosciences & Health Technologies, Campo Grande 376, 1749-024 Lisboa, Portugal; (A.J.); (J.G.C.); (C.P.-L.)
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +35-12-1751-5500
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Carreira ARF, Veloso T, Schaeffer N, Pereira JL, Ventura SPM, Rizzi C, Sirieix Plénet J, Passos H, Coutinho JAP. Synthesis of Purine-Based Ionic Liquids and Their Applications. Molecules 2021; 26:6958. [PMID: 34834050 PMCID: PMC8620494 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26226958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Bio-based ionic liquids (ILs) are being increasingly sought after, as they are more sustainable and eco-friendly. Purines are the most widely distributed, naturally occurring N-heterocycles, but their low water-solubility limits their application. In this work, four purines (theobromine, theophylline, xanthine, and uric acid) were combined with the cation tetrabutylammonium to synthesize bio-based ILs. The physico-chemical properties of the purine-based ILs were characterized, including their melting and decomposition temperatures and water-solubility. The ecotoxicity against the microalgae Raphidocelis subcapitata was also determined. The ILs show good thermal stability (>457 K) and an aqueous solubility enhancement ranging from 53- to 870-fold, in comparison to their respective purine percursors, unlocking new prospects for their application where aqueous solutions are demanded. The ecotoxicity of these ILs seems to be dominated by the cation, and it is similar to chloride-based IL, emphasizing that the use of natural anions does not necessarily translate to more benign ILs. The application of the novel ILs in the formation of aqueous biphasic systems (ABS), and as solubility enhancers, was also evaluated. The ILs were able to form ABS with sodium sulfate and tripotassium citrate salts. The development of thermoresponsive ABS, using sodium sulfate as a salting-out agent, was accomplished, with the ILs having different thermosensitivities. In addition, the purine-based ILs acted as solubility enhancers of ferulic acid in aqueous solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana R. F. Carreira
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (A.R.F.C.); (T.V.); (N.S.); (S.P.M.V.); (J.A.P.C.)
| | - Telma Veloso
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (A.R.F.C.); (T.V.); (N.S.); (S.P.M.V.); (J.A.P.C.)
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
| | - Nicolas Schaeffer
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (A.R.F.C.); (T.V.); (N.S.); (S.P.M.V.); (J.A.P.C.)
| | - Joana L. Pereira
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
| | - Sónia P. M. Ventura
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (A.R.F.C.); (T.V.); (N.S.); (S.P.M.V.); (J.A.P.C.)
| | - Cécile Rizzi
- Laboratoire Physico-Chimie des Électrolytes et Nano-Systèmes Interfaciaux, PHENIX, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, F-75005 Paris, France; (C.R.); (J.S.P.)
| | - Juliette Sirieix Plénet
- Laboratoire Physico-Chimie des Électrolytes et Nano-Systèmes Interfaciaux, PHENIX, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, F-75005 Paris, France; (C.R.); (J.S.P.)
| | - Helena Passos
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (A.R.F.C.); (T.V.); (N.S.); (S.P.M.V.); (J.A.P.C.)
| | - João A. P. Coutinho
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (A.R.F.C.); (T.V.); (N.S.); (S.P.M.V.); (J.A.P.C.)
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Dinis TBV, e Silva FA, Sousa F, Freire MG. Advances Brought by Hydrophilic Ionic Liquids in Fields Involving Pharmaceuticals. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:6231. [PMID: 34771756 PMCID: PMC8585031 DOI: 10.3390/ma14216231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The negligible volatility and high tunable nature of ionic liquids (ILs) have been the main drivers of their investigation in a wide diversity of fields, among which is their application in areas involving pharmaceuticals. Although most literature dealing with ILs is still majorly devoted to hydrophobic ILs, evidence on the potential of hydrophilic ILs have been increasingly provided in the past decade, viz., ILs with improved therapeutic efficiency and bioavailability, ILs with the ability to increase drugs' aqueous solubility, ILs with enhanced extraction performance for pharmaceuticals when employed in biphasic systems and other techniques, and ILs displaying low eco/cyto/toxicity and beneficial biological activities. Given their relevance, it is here overviewed the applications of hydrophilic ILs in fields involving pharmaceuticals, particularly focusing on achievements and advances witnessed during the last decade. The application of hydrophilic ILs within fields involving pharmaceuticals is here critically discussed according to four categories: (i) to improve pharmaceuticals solubility, envisioning improved bioavailability; (ii) as IL-based drug delivery systems; (iii) as pretreatment techniques to improve analytical methods performance dealing with pharmaceuticals, and (iv) in the recovery and purification of pharmaceuticals using IL-based systems. Key factors in the selection of appropriate ILs are identified. Insights and perspectives to bring renewed and effective solutions involving ILs able to compete with current commercial technologies are finally provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa B. V. Dinis
- CICECO—Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (T.B.V.D.); (F.A.eS.)
| | - Francisca A. e Silva
- CICECO—Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (T.B.V.D.); (F.A.eS.)
| | - Fani Sousa
- CICS-UBI—Health Sciences Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Mara G. Freire
- CICECO—Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (T.B.V.D.); (F.A.eS.)
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