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Borbély É, Helyes Z. Role of hemokinin-1 in health and disease. Neuropeptides 2017; 64:9-17. [PMID: 27993375 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2016.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 12/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Hemokinin-1 (HK-1), the newest tachykinin encoded by the Tac4 gene was discovered in 2000. Its name differs from that of the other members of this peptide family due to its first demonstration in B lymphocytes. Since tachykinins are classically found in the nervous system, the significant expression of HK-1 in blood cells is a unique feature of this peptide. Due to its widespread distribution in the whole body, HK-1 is involved in different physiological and pathophysiological functions involving pain inflammation modulation, immune regulation, respiratory and endocrine functions, as well as tumor genesis. Furthermore, despite the great structural and immunological similarities to substance P (SP), the functions of HK-1 are often different or the opposite. They both have the highest affinity to the tachykinin NK1 receptor, but HK-1 is likely to have a distinct binding site and signalling pathways. Moreover, several actions of HK-1 different from SP have been suggested to be mediated via a presently not identified own receptor/target molecule. Therefore, it is very important to explore its effects at different levels and compare its characteristics with SP to get a deeper insight in the different cellular mechanisms. Since HK-1 has recently been in the focus of intensive research, in the present review we summarize the few clinical data and experimental results regarding HK-1 expression and function in different model systems obtained throughout the 16years of its history. Synthesizing these findings help to understand the complexity of HK-1 actions and determine its biomarker values and/or drug development potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Éva Borbély
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Hungary; Molecular Pharmacology Research Group, János Szentágothai Research Centre, Centre for Neuroscience, University of Pécs, Hungary.
| | - Zsuzsanna Helyes
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Hungary; Molecular Pharmacology Research Group, János Szentágothai Research Centre, Centre for Neuroscience, University of Pécs, Hungary; MTA-PTE NAP B Chronic Pain Research Group, Hungary
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Fu CY, Xia RL, Zhang TF, Lu Y, Zhang SF, Yu ZQ, Jin T, Mou XZ. Hemokinin-1(4-11)-induced analgesia selectively up-regulates δ-opioid receptor expression in mice. PLoS One 2014; 9:e90446. [PMID: 24587368 PMCID: PMC3938741 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0090446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2013] [Accepted: 01/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous studies have shown that an active fragment of human tachykinins (hHK-1(4-11)) produced an opioid-independent analgesia after intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection in mice, which has been markedly enhanced by a δ OR antagonist, naltrindole hydrochloride (NTI). In this study, we have further characterized the in vivo analgesia after i.c.v. injection of hHK-1(4-11) in mouse model. Our qRT-PCR results showed that the mRNA levels of several ligands and receptors (e.g. PPT-A, PPT-C, KOR, PDYN and PENK) have not changed significantly. Furthermore, neither transcription nor expression of NK1 receptor, MOR and POMC have changed noticeably. In contrast, both mRNA and protein levels of DOR have been up-regulated significantly, indicating that the enhanced expression of δ opioid receptor negatively modulates the analgesia induced by i.c.v. injection of hHK-1(4-11). Additionally, the combinatorial data from our previous and present experiments strongly suggest that the discriminable distribution sites in the central nervous system between hHK-1(4-11) and r/mHK-1 may be attributed to their discriminable analgesic effects. Altogether, our findings will not only contribute to the understanding of the complicated mechanisms regarding the nociceptive modulation of hemokinin-1 as well as its active fragments at supraspinal level, but may also lead to novel pharmacological interventions.
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MESH Headings
- Analgesia
- Animals
- Blotting, Western
- Female
- Gene Expression/drug effects
- Humans
- Injections, Intraventricular
- Male
- Mice, Inbred ICR
- Peptide Fragments/administration & dosage
- Peptide Fragments/pharmacology
- Pro-Opiomelanocortin/genetics
- Pro-Opiomelanocortin/metabolism
- Protein Precursors/genetics
- Protein Precursors/metabolism
- Receptors, Opioid, delta/genetics
- Receptors, Opioid, delta/metabolism
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/genetics
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/metabolism
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Tachykinins/administration & dosage
- Tachykinins/chemistry
- Tachykinins/genetics
- Tachykinins/metabolism
- Tachykinins/pharmacology
- Up-Regulation/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Cai-Yun Fu
- Lab of Proteomics and Molecular Enzymology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
- Institute for Cell-Based Drug Development of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- * E-mail: (CF); (XM); (ZY)
| | - Rui-Long Xia
- Lab of Proteomics and Molecular Enzymology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Teng-Fei Zhang
- Lab of Proteomics and Molecular Enzymology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan Lu
- Lab of Proteomics and Molecular Enzymology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shi-Fu Zhang
- Lab of Proteomics and Molecular Enzymology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Yu
- Center for BioEnergetics, The Biodesign Institute, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States of America
- * E-mail: (CF); (XM); (ZY)
| | - Tao Jin
- Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Zhou Mou
- Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Hangzhou, China
- Institute for Cell-Based Drug Development of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- * E-mail: (CF); (XM); (ZY)
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New tachykinin peptides and nociception. JAPANESE DENTAL SCIENCE REVIEW 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdsr.2012.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Grassin-Delyle S, Naline E, Buenestado A, Risse PA, Sage E, Advenier C, Devillier P. Expression and function of human hemokinin-1 in human and guinea pig airways. Respir Res 2010; 11:139. [PMID: 20929541 PMCID: PMC2959027 DOI: 10.1186/1465-9921-11-139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2010] [Accepted: 10/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human hemokinin-1 (hHK-1) and endokinins are peptides of the tachykinin family encoded by the TAC4 gene. TAC4 and hHK-1 expression as well as effects of hHK-1 in the lung and airways remain however unknown and were explored in this study. Methods RT-PCR analysis was performed on human bronchi to assess expression of tachykinin and tachykinin receptors genes. Enzyme immunoassay was used to quantify hHK-1, and effects of hHK-1 and endokinins on contraction of human and guinea pig airways were then evaluated, as well as the role of hHK-1 on cytokines production by human lung parenchyma or bronchi explants and by lung macrophages. Results In human bronchi, expression of the genes that encode for hHK-1, tachykinin NK1-and NK2-receptors was demonstrated. hHK-1 protein was found in supernatants from explants of human bronchi, lung parenchyma and lung macrophages. Exogenous hHK-1 caused a contractile response in human bronchi mainly through the activation of NK2-receptors, which blockade unmasked a NK1-receptor involvement, subject to a rapid desensitization. In the guinea pig trachea, hHK-1 caused a concentration-dependant contraction mainly mediated through the activation of NK1-receptors. Endokinin A/B exerted similar effects to hHK-1 on both human bronchi and guinea pig trachea, whereas endokinins C and D were inactive. hHK-1 had no impact on the production of cytokines by explants of human bronchi or lung parenchyma, or by human lung macrophages. Conclusions We demonstrate endogenous expression of TAC4 in human bronchi, the encoded peptide hHK-1 being expressed and involved in contraction of human and guinea pig airways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislas Grassin-Delyle
- Laboratory of pulmonary pharmacology UPRES EA220, Foch Hospital, University Versailles-Saint Quentin en Yvelines, 11 rue Guillaume Lenoir, Suresnes, France.
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Jin L, Jin BQ, Song CJ, Zhang Y. Murine Monoclonal Antibodies Generated Against Mouse/Rat Hemokinin-1. Hybridoma (Larchmt) 2009; 28:259-67. [DOI: 10.1089/hyb.2009.0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Jin
- Department of Immunology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Bo-quan Jin
- Department of Immunology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chao-jun Song
- Department of Immunology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Peking University Health Science Centre, Bei Jing, China
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Kong ZQ, Han M, Yang WL, Zhao YL, Fu CY, Tao Y, Chen Q, Wang R. In vitro characterization of the effects of rat/mouse hemokinin-1 on mouse colonic contractile activity: a comparison with substance P. Neuropeptides 2009; 43:213-20. [PMID: 19394690 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2009.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2008] [Revised: 02/23/2009] [Accepted: 03/25/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Rat/mouse hemokinin-1 (r/m HK-1) has been identified as a member of the tachykinin family and its effect in colonic contractile activity remains unknown. We investigated the effects and mechanisms of actions of r/m HK-1 on the mouse colonic contractile activity in vitro by comparing it with that of substance P (SP). R/m HK-1 induced substantial contractions on the circular muscle of mouse colon. The maximal contractile responses to r/m HK-1 varied significantly among proximal-, mid- and distal-colon, suggesting that the action of r/m HK-1 was region-specific in mouse colon. The contractile response induced by r/m HK-1 is primarily via activation of tachykinin NK(1) receptors leading to activation of cholinergic excitatory pathways and with a minor contribution of NK(2) receptors, which may be on the smooth muscle itself. A direct action on colonic smooth muscles may be also involved. In contrast, SP induced biphasic colonic responses (contractile and relaxant responses) on the circular muscle, in which the contractile action of SP was equieffective with r/m HK-1. SP exerted its contractile effect predominantly through neural and muscular tachykinin NK(1) receptors, but unlike r/m HK-1 did not appear to act via NK(2) receptors. The relaxation induced by SP was largely due to release of nitric oxide (NO) produced via an action on neural NK(1) receptors. These results indicate that the receptors and the activation properties involved in r/m HK-1-induced mouse colonic contractile activity are different from those of SP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Qing Kong
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
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Fu CY, Zhao YL, Dong L, Chen Q, Ni JM, Wang R. In vivo characterization of the effects of human hemokinin-1 and human hemokinin-1(4-11), mammalian tachykinin peptides, on the modulation of pain in mice. Brain Behav Immun 2008; 22:850-60. [PMID: 18262387 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2007.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2007] [Revised: 12/09/2007] [Accepted: 12/22/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Human hemokinin-1 (h HK-1) and its truncated form h HK-1(4-11) are mammalian tachykinin peptides encoded by the recently identified TAC4 gene in human, and the biological functions of these peptides have not been well investigated. In the present study, an attempt has been made to investigate the effects and mechanisms of action of h HK-1 and h HK-1(4-11) in pain modulation at the supraspinal level in mice using the tail immersion test. Intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration of h HK-1 (0.3, 1, 3 and 6 nmol/mouse) produced a dose- and time-related antinociceptive effect. This effect was significantly antagonized by the NK(1) receptor antagonist SR140333, but not by the NK(2) receptor antagonist SR48968, indicating that the analgesic effect induced by i.c.v. h HK-1 is mediated through the activation of NK(1) receptors. Interestingly, naloxone, beta-funaltrexamine and naloxonazine, but not naltrindole and nor-binaltorphimine, could also block the analgesic effect markedly, suggesting that this effect is related to descending mu opioidergic neurons (primary mu(1) subtype). Human HK-1(4-11) could also induce a dose- and time-dependent analgesic effect after i.c.v. administration, however, the potency of analgesia was less than h HK-1. Surprisingly, SR140333 could not modify this analgesic effect, suggesting that this effect is not mediated through the NK(1) receptors like h HK-1. SR48968 could modestly enhance the analgesic effect induced by h HK-1(4-11), indicating that a small amount of h HK-1(4-11) may bind to NK(2) receptors. Furthermore, none of the opioid receptor (OR) antagonists could markedly block the analgesia of h HK-1(4-11), suggesting that the analgesic effect is not mediated through the descending opioidergic neurons. Blocking of delta ORs significantly enhanced the analgesia, indicating that delta OR is a negatively modulatory factor in the analgesic effect of h HK-1(4-11). It is striking that bicuculline (a competitive antagonist at GABA(A) receptors) effectively blocked the analgesia induced by h HK-1(4-11), suggesting that this analgesic effect is mediated through the descending inhibitory GABAergic neurons. The novel mechanism involved in the analgesic effect of h HK-1(4-11), which is different from that of h HK-1, may pave the way for a new strategy for the investigation and control of pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cai Y Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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