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Lodde V, Floris M, Zoroddu E, Zarbo IR, Idda ML. RNA-binding proteins in autoimmunity: From genetics to molecular biology. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. RNA 2023; 14:e1772. [PMID: 36658783 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases (ADs) are chronic pathologies generated by the loss of immune tolerance to the body's own cells and tissues. There is growing recognition that RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) critically govern immunity in healthy and pathological conditions by modulating gene expression post-transcriptionally at all levels: nuclear mRNA splicing and modification, export to the cytoplasm, as well as cytoplasmic mRNA transport, storage, editing, stability, and translation. Despite enormous efforts to identify new therapies for ADs, definitive solutions are not yet available in many instances. Recognizing that many ADs have a strong genetic component, we have explored connections between the molecular biology and the genetics of RBPs in ADs. Here, we review the genetics and molecular biology of RBPs in four major ADs, multiple sclerosis (MS), type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We anticipate that gaining insights into the genetics and biology of ADs can facilitate the discovery of new therapies. This article is categorized under: RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Lodde
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Matteo Floris
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Enrico Zoroddu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Ignazio Roberto Zarbo
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari - Neurology Unit Azienza Ospedaliera Universitaria (AOU), Sassari, Italy
| | - Maria Laura Idda
- Institute for Genetic and Biomedical Research - National Research Council (IRGB-CNR), Sassari, Italy
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2
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Swahn H, Olmer M, Lotz MK. RNA-binding proteins that are highly expressed and enriched in healthy cartilage but suppressed in osteoarthritis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1208315. [PMID: 37457300 PMCID: PMC10349536 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1208315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) have diverse and essential biological functions, but their role in cartilage health and disease is largely unknown. The objectives of this study were (i) map the global landscape of RBPs expressed and enriched in healthy cartilage and dysregulated in osteoarthritis (OA); (ii) prioritize RBPs for their potential role in cartilage and in OA pathogenesis and as therapeutic targets. Methods: Our published bulk RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) data of healthy and OA human cartilage, and a census of 1,542 RBPs were utilized to identify RBPs that are expressed in healthy cartilage and differentially expressed (DE) in OA. Next, our comparison of healthy cartilage RNA-seq data to 37 transcriptomes in the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) database was used to determine RBPs that are enriched in cartilage. Finally, expression of RBPs was analyzed in our single cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) data from healthy and OA human cartilage. Results: Expression of RBPs was higher than nonRBPs in healthy cartilage. In OA cartilage, 188 RBPs were differentially expressed, with a greater proportion downregulated. Ribosome biogenesis was enriched in the upregulated RBPs, while splicing and transport were enriched in the downregulated. To further prioritize RBPs, we selected the top 10% expressed RBPs in healthy cartilage and those that were cartilage-enriched according to GTEx. Intersecting these criteria, we identified Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin (TCDD) Inducible Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase (TIPARP) as a candidate RBP. TIPARP was downregulated in OA. scRNA-seq data revealed TIPARP was most significantly downregulated in the "pathogenic cluster". Conclusion: Our global analyses reveal expression patterns of RBPs in healthy and OA cartilage. We also identified TIPARP and other RBPs as novel mediators in OA pathogenesis and as potential therapeutic targets.
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Xiang M, Liu L, Wu T, Wei B, Liu H. RNA-binding proteins in degenerative joint diseases: A systematic review. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 86:101870. [PMID: 36746279 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.101870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
RNA-binding proteins (RBPs), which are conserved proteins comprising multiple intermediate sequences, can interact with proteins, messenger RNA (mRNA) of coding genes, and non-coding RNAs to perform different biological functions, such as the regulation of mRNA stability, selective polyadenylation, and the management of non-coding microRNA (miRNA) synthesis to affect downstream targets. This article will highlight the functions of RBPs, in degenerative joint diseases (intervertebral disc degeneration [IVDD] and osteoarthritis [OA]). It will reviews the latest advancements on the regulatory mechanism of RBPs in degenerative joint diseases, in order to understand the pathophysiology, early diagnosis and treatment of OA and IVDD from a new perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Xiang
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, China
| | - Ling Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, China
| | - Tingrui Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, China
| | - Bo Wei
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, China.
| | - Huan Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China.
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Majumder M, Chakraborty P, Mohan S, Mehrotra S, Palanisamy V. HuR as a molecular target for cancer therapeutics and immune-related disorders. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 188:114442. [PMID: 35817212 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The control of eukaryotic gene expression occurs at multiple levels, from transcription to messenger RNA processing, transport, localization, turnover, and translation. RNA-binding proteins control gene expression and are involved in different stages of mRNA processing, including splicing, maturation, turnover, and translation. A ubiquitously expressed RBP Human antigen R is engaged in the RNA processes mentioned above but, most importantly, controls mRNA stability and turnover. Dysregulation of HuR is linked to many diseases, including cancer and other immune-related disorders. HuR targets mRNAs containing AU-rich elements at their 3'untranslated region, which encodes proteins involved in cell growth, proliferation, tumor formation, angiogenesis, immune evasion, inflammation, invasion, and metastasis. HuR overexpression has been reported in many tumor types, which led to a poor prognosis for patients. Hence, HuR is considered an appealing drug target for cancer treatment. Therefore, multiple attempts have been made to identify small molecule inhibitors for blocking HuR functions. This article reviews the current prospects of drugs that target HuR in numerous cancer types, their mode of action, and off-target effects. Furthermore, we will summarize drugs that interfered with HuR-RNA interactions and established themselves as novel therapeutics. We will also highlight the significance of HuR overexpression in multiple cancers and discuss its role in immune functions. This review provides evidence of a new era of HuR-targeted small molecules that can be used for cancer therapeutics either as a monotherapy or in combination with other cancer treatment modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mrinmoyee Majumder
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Paramita Chakraborty
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Sarumathi Mohan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Shikhar Mehrotra
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
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Yi Q, Deng Z, Yue J, He J, Xiong J, Sun W, Sun W. RNA binding proteins in osteoarthritis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:954376. [PMID: 36003144 PMCID: PMC9393224 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.954376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common chronic degenerative joint disease worldwide. The pathological features of OA are the erosion of articular cartilage, subchondral bone sclerosis, synovitis, and metabolic disorder. Its progression is characterized by aberrant expression of genes involved in inflammation, proliferation, and metabolism of chondrocytes. Effective therapeutic strategies are limited, as mechanisms underlying OA pathophysiology remain unclear. Significant research efforts are ongoing to elucidate the complex molecular mechanisms underlying OA focused on gene transcription. However, posttranscriptional alterations also play significant function in inflammation and metabolic changes related diseases. RNA binding proteins (RBPs) have been recognized as important regulators in posttranscriptional regulation. RBPs regulate RNA subcellular localization, stability, and translational efficiency by binding to their target mRNAs, thereby controlling their protein expression. However, their role in OA is less clear. Identifying RBPs in OA is of great importance to better understand OA pathophysiology and to figure out potential targets for OA treatment. Hence, in this manuscript, we summarize the recent knowledge on the role of dysregulated RBPs in OA and hope it will provide new insight for OA study and targeted treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Yi
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University), Shenzhen, China
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Putian University, Putian, China
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Zhenhan Deng
- Department of Sports Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiaji Yue
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University), Shenzhen, China
| | - Jinglong He
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University), Shenzhen, China
| | - Jianyi Xiong
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University), Shenzhen, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University), Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Wei Sun, ; Weichao Sun,
| | - Weichao Sun
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University), Shenzhen, China
- The Central Laboratory, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University), Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Wei Sun, ; Weichao Sun,
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Lourou N, Gavriilidis M, Kontoyiannis DL. Lessons from studying the AU-rich elements in chronic inflammation and autoimmunity. J Autoimmun 2019; 104:102334. [PMID: 31604649 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2019.102334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AU-rich elements (AREs) comprise one of the most widely studied families of regulatory RNA structures met in RNAs engaged in complex immunological reactions. A multitude of genetic, molecular, holistic and functional studies have been utilized for the analyses of the AREs and their interactions to proteins that bind to them. Data stemming from these studies brought forth a world of RNA-related check-points against infection, chronic inflammation, tumor associated immunity, and autoimmunity; and the interest to capitalize the interactions of AREs for clinical management and therapy. They also provided lessons on the cellular capabilities of post-transcriptional control. Originally thought as transcript-restricted regulators of turnover and translation, ARE-binding proteins do in fact harbor great versatility and interactivity across nuclear and cytoplasmic compartments; and act as functional coordinators of immune-cellular programs. Harnessing these deterministic functions requires extensive knowledge of their synergies or antagonisms at a cell-specific level; but holds great promise since it can provide the efficacy of combinatorial therapies with single agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niki Lourou
- School of Biology, Department of Development, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Maxim Gavriilidis
- School of Biology, Department of Development, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece; Division of Immunology, Alexander Fleming Biomedical Sciences Research Center, Greece
| | - Dimitris L Kontoyiannis
- School of Biology, Department of Development, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece; Division of Immunology, Alexander Fleming Biomedical Sciences Research Center, Greece.
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Angiolilli C, Kabala PA, Grabiec AM, Rossato M, Lai WS, Fossati G, Mascagni P, Steinkühler C, Blackshear PJ, Reedquist KA, Baeten DL, Radstake TRDJ. Control of cytokine mRNA degradation by the histone deacetylase inhibitor ITF2357 in rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes: beyond transcriptional regulation. Arthritis Res Ther 2018; 20:148. [PMID: 30029685 PMCID: PMC6053802 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-018-1638-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) suppress cytokine production in immune and stromal cells of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Here, we investigated the effects of the HDACi givinostat (ITF2357) on the transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of inflammatory markers in RA fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS). METHODS The effects of ITF2357 on the expression and messenger RNA (mRNA) stability of IL-1β-inducible genes in FLS were analyzed using array-based qPCR and Luminex. The expression of primary and mature cytokine transcripts, the mRNA levels of tristetraprolin (TTP, or ZFP36) and other AU-rich element binding proteins (ARE-BP) and the cytokine profile of fibroblasts derived from ZFP36+/+ and ZFP36-/- mice was measured by qPCR. ARE-BP silencing was performed by small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated knockdown, and TTP post-translational modifications were analyzed by immunoblotting. RESULTS ITF2357 reduced the expression of 85% of the analyzed IL-1β-inducible transcripts, including cytokines (IL6, IL8), chemokines (CXCL2, CXCL5, CXCL6, CXCL10), matrix-degrading enzymes (MMP1, ADAMTS1) and other inflammatory mediators. Analyses of mRNA stability demonstrated that ITF2357 accelerates IL6, IL8, PTGS2 and CXCL2 mRNA degradation, a phenomenon associated with the enhanced transcription of TTP, but not other ARE-BP, and the altered post-translational status of TTP protein. TTP knockdown potentiated cytokine production in RA FLS and murine fibroblasts, which in the latter case was insensitive to inhibition by ITF2357 treatment. CONCLUSIONS Our study identifies that regulation of cytokine mRNA stability is a predominant mechanism underlying ITF2357 anti-inflammatory properties, occurring via regulation of TTP. These results highlight the therapeutic potential of ITF2357 in the treatment of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Angiolilli
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology and Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands. .,Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology and Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Pawel A Kabala
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology and Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology and Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Aleksander M Grabiec
- Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology and Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Marzia Rossato
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology and Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Functional Genomics Center, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Wi S Lai
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | | | - Paolo Mascagni
- Italfarmaco Research and Development, Cinisello Balsamo, Italy
| | | | - Perry J Blackshear
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Kris A Reedquist
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology and Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology and Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dominique L Baeten
- Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology and Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Timothy R D J Radstake
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology and Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Shang J, Zhao Z. Emerging role of HuR in inflammatory response in kidney diseases. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2017; 49:753-763. [PMID: 28910975 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmx071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Human antigen R (HuR) is a member of the embryonic lethal abnormal vision (ELAV) family which can bind to the A/U rich elements in 3' un-translated region of mRNA and regulate mRNA splicing, transportation, and stability. Unlike other members of the ELAV family, HuR is ubiquitously expressed. Early studies mainly focused on HuR function in malignant diseases. As researches proceed, more and more proofs demonstrate its relationship with inflammation. Since most kidney diseases involve pathological changes of inflammation, HuR is now suggested to play a pivotal role in glomerular nephropathy, tubular ischemia-reperfusion damage, renal fibrosis and even renal tumors. By regulating the mRNAs of target genes, HuR is causally linked to the onset and progression of kidney diseases. Reports on this topic are steadily increasing, however, the detailed function and mechanism of action of HuR are still not well understood. The aim of this review article is to summarize the present understanding of the role of HuR in inflammation in kidney diseases, and we anticipate that future research will ultimately elucidate the therapeutic value of this novel target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Shang
- Nephrology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Zhanzheng Zhao
- Nephrology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
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Huang H, Quan YY, Wang XP, Chen TS. Gold Nanoparticles of Diameter 13 nm Induce Apoptosis in Rabbit Articular Chondrocytes. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2016; 11:249. [PMID: 27178054 PMCID: PMC4870655 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-016-1461-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been widely used in biomedical science including antiarthritic agents, drug loading, and photothermal therapy. In this report, we studied the effects of AuNPs with diameters of 3, 13, and 45 nm, respectively, on rabbit articular chondrocytes. AuNPs were capped with citrate and their diameter and zeta potential were measured by dynamic light scattering (DLS). Cell viability was evaluated by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay after the rabbit articular chondrocytes were pre-incubated with 3, 13, and 45 nm AuNPs, respectively, for 24 h. Flow cytometry (FCM) analysis with annexin V/propidium iodide (PI) double staining and fluorescence imaging with Hoechst 33258 staining were used to determine the fashion of AuNPs-induced chondrocyte death. Further, 13 nm AuNPs (2 nM) significantly induced chondrocyte death accompanying apoptotic characteristics including mitochondrial damage, externalization of phosphatidylserine and nuclear concentration. However, 3 nm AuNPs (2 nM) and 45 nm (0.02 nM) AuNPs did not induce cytotoxicity in chondrocytes. Although 13 nm AuNPs (2 nM) increased the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, pretreatment with Nacetyl cysteine (NAC), a ROS scavenger, did not prevent the cytotoxicity induced by 13 nm AuNPs, indicating that 13 nm AuNPs (2 nM) induced ROS-independent apoptosis in chondrocytes. These results demonstrate the size-dependent cytotoxicity of AuNPs in chondrocytes, which must be seriously considered when using AuNPs for treatment of osteoarthritis (OA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Huang
- Department of Pain Management, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Ying-Yao Quan
- Department of Pain Management, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Xiao-Ping Wang
- Department of Pain Management, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China.
| | - Tong-Sheng Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science and College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
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Tuure L, Hämäläinen M, Moilanen T, Moilanen E. Aurothiomalate inhibits the expression of mPGES-1 in primary human chondrocytes. Scand J Rheumatol 2014; 44:74-9. [PMID: 25314295 DOI: 10.3109/03009742.2014.927917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 (mPGES-1) is a terminal enzyme in the production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and its expression is upregulated during inflammation. mPGES-1 is considered as a potential drug target for the treatment of arthritis to reduce adverse effects related to the current non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Our aim was to study the expression of mPGES-1 in primary human chondrocytes and whether the expression is affected by clinically used antirheumatic drugs. METHOD Primary human chondrocytes were isolated from cartilage samples obtained from patients undergoing total knee replacement surgery. Expression of mPGES-1 was studied by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Western blot analysis. PGE2 levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS mPGES-1 expression in primary human chondrocytes was enhanced when the cells were exposed to interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and mPGES-1 protein levels continued to increase up to the 96-h follow-up. Aurothiomalate inhibited mPGES-1 expression and PGE2 production in a dose-dependent manner, as did the anti-inflammatory steroid dexamethasone. Other disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) studied (sulfasalazine, methotrexate, and hydroxychloroquine) did not alter mPGES-1 expression. CONCLUSIONS The results introduce aurothiomalate as the first, and so far the only, DMARD found to be able to inhibit mPGES-1 expression. The effect is likely involved in the mechanisms of action of this gold-containing DMARD in rheumatic diseases. The results are implicated in the regulatory mechanisms of mPGES-1 expression, which are under intensive research.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Tuure
- The Immunopharmacology Research Group, University of Tampere School of Medicine and Tampere University Hospital , Tampere , Finland
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Abstract
The cytoplasmic events that control mammalian gene expression, primarily mRNA stability and translation, potently influence the cellular response to internal and external signals. The ubiquitous RNA-binding protein (RBP) HuR is one of the best-studied regulators of cytoplasmic mRNA fate. Through its post-transcriptional influence on specific target mRNAs, HuR can alter the cellular response to proliferative, stress, apoptotic, differentiation, senescence, inflammatory and immune stimuli. In light of its central role in important cellular functions, HuR's role in diseases in which these responses are aberrant is increasingly appreciated. Here, we review the mechanisms that control HuR function, its influence on target mRNAs, and how impairment in HuR-governed gene expression programs impact upon different disease processes. We focus on HuR's well-recognized implication in cancer and chronic inflammation, and discuss emerging studies linking HuR to cardiovascular, neurological, and muscular pathologies. We also discuss the progress, potential, and challenges of targeting HuR therapeutically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subramanya Srikantan
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, NIA-IRP, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
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Valachová K, Vargová A, Rapta P, Hrabárová E, Dráfi F, Bauerová K, Juránek I, Soltés L. Aurothiomalate as preventive and chain-breaking antioxidant in radical degradation of high-molar-mass hyaluronan. Chem Biodivers 2011; 8:1274-83. [PMID: 21766448 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201000351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The potential anti- or pro-oxidative effects of a disease-modifying antirheumatic drug, aurothiomalate, to protect high-molar-mass hyaluronan against radical degradation were investigated along with L-glutathione - tested in similar functions. Hyaluronan degradation was induced by the oxidative system Cu(II) plus ascorbate known as the Weissberger's oxidative system. The time- and dose-dependent changes of the dynamic viscosity of the hyaluronan solutions were studied by the method of rotational viscometry. Additionally, the antioxidative activity of aurothiomalate expressed as a radical-scavenging capacity based on a decolorization 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) assay was inspected. At the higher concentrations tested, L-glutathione showed excellent scavenging of (.) OH and peroxyl-type radicals, however, at the lowest concentration applied, its pro-oxidative effect was revealed. The effects of aurothiomalate on hyaluronan degradation were similar to that of L-glutathione, however, at the lowest concentration tested, no significant pro-oxidant effect was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarína Valachová
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, SK-84104, Bratislava, Slovakia.
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Lin WN, Lin CC, Cheng HY, Yang CM. Regulation of cyclooxygenase-2 and cytosolic phospholipase A2 gene expression by lipopolysaccharide through the RNA-binding protein HuR: involvement of NADPH oxidase, reactive oxygen species and mitogen-activated protein kinases. Br J Pharmacol 2011; 163:1691-706. [PMID: 21391979 PMCID: PMC3166696 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01312.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2010] [Revised: 12/23/2010] [Accepted: 01/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and cytosolic phospholipase A(2) (cPLA(2) ) has been implicated in several respiratory diseases. HuR is known to enhance the expression of genes by binding to 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR) of mRNA and stabilizing mRNA. However, the exact mechanisms by which HuR affects the stability of mRNA and modulates LPS-induced COX-2 and cPLA(2) expression in human tracheal smooth muscle cells (HTSMCs) are not known. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The expression of prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2) ) was measured by ELISA, and pro-inflammatory proteins were determined by use of a promoter assay, PCR or Western blot analysis. Overexpression of siRNAs to knock down the target components was used to manipulate the expression of HuR. Release of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was detected by fluorescence dye. The activation of signalling components was assessed by comparing phosphorylation levels, localization of protein kinases or coimmunoprecipitation assay. KEY RESULTS LPS induced COX-2 and cPLA(2) expression via post-translational regulation of mRNA stabilization, which were attenuated by transfection with HuR siRNA in HTSMCs. In addition, LPS-stimulated NADPH oxidase activation and ROS generation were attenuated by the NADPH oxidase inhibitors diphenyleneiodonium chloride (DPI) and apocynin (APO). Generation of ROS induced phosphorylation of p42/p44 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), p38 MAPK and JNK1/2, which was attenuated by DPI and APO and the ROS scavenger N-acetylcysteine. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS These results suggested that in HTSMCs, LPS-induced COX-2 and cPLA(2) expression is mediated through NADPH oxidase/ROS-dependent MAPKs associated with HuR accumulation in the cytoplasm. Activated MAPKs may regulate the nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of HuR, and thus induce the cytoplasmic accumulation of HuR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Ning Lin
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic UniversityHsin-Chuang, Taipei County, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chung Lin
- Department of Anesthetics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung UniversityKwei-San, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yi Cheng
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Chang Gung UniversityKwei-San, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Chuen-Mao Yang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Chang Gung UniversityKwei-San, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
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Rahier JF, Moutschen M, Van Gompel A, Van Ranst M, Louis E, Segaert S, Masson P, De Keyser F. Vaccinations in patients with immune-mediated inflammatory diseases. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2010; 49:1815-27. [PMID: 20591834 PMCID: PMC2936949 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keq183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2009] [Revised: 05/11/2010] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMID) such as RA, IBD or psoriasis, are at increased risk of infection, partially because of the disease itself, but mostly because of treatment with immunomodulatory or immunosuppressive drugs. In spite of their elevated risk for vaccine-preventable disease, vaccination coverage in IMID patients is surprisingly low. This review summarizes current literature data on vaccine safety and efficacy in IMID patients treated with immunosuppressive or immunomodulatory drugs and formulates best-practice recommendations on vaccination in this population. Especially in the current era of biological therapies, including TNF-blocking agents, special consideration should be given to vaccination strategies in IMID patients. Clinical evidence indicates that immunization of IMID patients does not increase clinical or laboratory parameters of disease activity. Live vaccines are contraindicated in immunocompromized individuals, but non-live vaccines can safely be given. Although the reduced quality of the immune response in patients under immunotherapy may have a negative impact on vaccination efficacy in this population, adequate humoral response to vaccination in IMID patients has been demonstrated for hepatitis B, influenza and pneumococcal vaccination. Vaccination status is best checked and updated before the start of immunomodulatory therapy: live vaccines are not contraindicated at that time and inactivated vaccines elicit an optimal immune response in immunocompetent individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-François Rahier
- Department of Gastroenterology, Cliniques Universitaires UCL Mont Godinne, Yvoir, Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Liege, Liege, Clinical Department, Institute of Tropical Medicine Antwerp, Antwerp, Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Leuven, Department of Gastroenterology, CHU, University of Liege, Liege, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven de Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels and Department of Rheumatology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Michel Moutschen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Cliniques Universitaires UCL Mont Godinne, Yvoir, Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Liege, Liege, Clinical Department, Institute of Tropical Medicine Antwerp, Antwerp, Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Leuven, Department of Gastroenterology, CHU, University of Liege, Liege, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven de Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels and Department of Rheumatology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Alfons Van Gompel
- Department of Gastroenterology, Cliniques Universitaires UCL Mont Godinne, Yvoir, Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Liege, Liege, Clinical Department, Institute of Tropical Medicine Antwerp, Antwerp, Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Leuven, Department of Gastroenterology, CHU, University of Liege, Liege, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven de Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels and Department of Rheumatology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marc Van Ranst
- Department of Gastroenterology, Cliniques Universitaires UCL Mont Godinne, Yvoir, Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Liege, Liege, Clinical Department, Institute of Tropical Medicine Antwerp, Antwerp, Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Leuven, Department of Gastroenterology, CHU, University of Liege, Liege, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven de Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels and Department of Rheumatology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Edouard Louis
- Department of Gastroenterology, Cliniques Universitaires UCL Mont Godinne, Yvoir, Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Liege, Liege, Clinical Department, Institute of Tropical Medicine Antwerp, Antwerp, Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Leuven, Department of Gastroenterology, CHU, University of Liege, Liege, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven de Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels and Department of Rheumatology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Siegfried Segaert
- Department of Gastroenterology, Cliniques Universitaires UCL Mont Godinne, Yvoir, Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Liege, Liege, Clinical Department, Institute of Tropical Medicine Antwerp, Antwerp, Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Leuven, Department of Gastroenterology, CHU, University of Liege, Liege, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven de Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels and Department of Rheumatology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Pierre Masson
- Department of Gastroenterology, Cliniques Universitaires UCL Mont Godinne, Yvoir, Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Liege, Liege, Clinical Department, Institute of Tropical Medicine Antwerp, Antwerp, Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Leuven, Department of Gastroenterology, CHU, University of Liege, Liege, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven de Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels and Department of Rheumatology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Filip De Keyser
- Department of Gastroenterology, Cliniques Universitaires UCL Mont Godinne, Yvoir, Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Liege, Liege, Clinical Department, Institute of Tropical Medicine Antwerp, Antwerp, Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Leuven, Department of Gastroenterology, CHU, University of Liege, Liege, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven de Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels and Department of Rheumatology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Krawczyk-Rusiecka K, Lewiński A. Cyclooxygenase-2 expression and its association with thyroid lesions. Arch Med Sci 2010; 6:653-7. [PMID: 22419920 PMCID: PMC3298330 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2010.17076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2009] [Revised: 06/25/2009] [Accepted: 07/22/2009] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclooxygenase (COX), also known as prostaglandin H synthase, catalyses the formation of prostaglandins from arachidonic acid. It can be expressed in response to various stimuli, such as hormones, mitogens, cytokines, other inflammatory mediators and growth factors. The product of COX-2 activity has been implicated in carcinogenesis by promoting angiogenesis, inhibiting apoptosis, increasing cell invasion and stimulating cell proliferation. It has also been proved that the regular intake of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) decreases the risk of developing colon and breast cancers. Thus, it speaks for an important role of COX-2 in growth processes of various types of neoplasms. The connection between COX-2 activity and carcinogenesis has also been examined in human thyroid neoplasms. COX-2 overexpression has been reported in thyroid cancers and also in inflammatory conditions. In consequence there is significant interest whether COX-2 could be of importance as a molecular marker of malignancy in the case of thyroid carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Krawczyk-Rusiecka
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
- Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital – Research Institute, Lodz, Poland
| | - Andrzej Lewiński
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
- Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital – Research Institute, Lodz, Poland
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Nieminen R, Korhonen R, Moilanen T, Clark AR, Moilanen E. Aurothiomalate inhibits cyclooxygenase 2, matrix metalloproteinase 3, and interleukin-6 expression in chondrocytes by increasing MAPK phosphatase 1 expression and decreasing p38 phosphorylation: MAPK phosphatase 1 as a novel target for antirheumatic drugs. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 62:1650-9. [PMID: 20178133 DOI: 10.1002/art.27409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Aurothiomalate is a disease-modifying antirheumatic drug that suppresses inflammation and retards cartilage degradation and bone erosion in arthritis. The molecular mechanisms of action of aurothiomalate are not known in detail. MAPK pathways are major signaling pathways in inflammation that regulate the production of many inflammatory and destructive factors in arthritis. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of aurothiomalate on the activity of p38 MAPK and on the expression of MAPK phosphatase 1 (MKP-1), cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), matrix metalloproteinase 3 (MMP-3), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in immortalized murine H4 chondrocytes and in intact human and murine cartilage. METHODS Protein expression was examined by Western blotting or by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and messenger RNA (mRNA) expression was examined by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis. The mediator role of MKP-1 was investigated by using small interfering RNA (siRNA) methods to down-regulated MKP-1 expression in chondrocytes in culture and by comparing the responses in intact cartilage from MKP-1-deficient and wild-type mice. The effects of aurothiomalate were also confirmed in human rheumatoid cartilage by using tissue samples obtained at the time of total knee replacement surgery. RESULTS Aurothiomalate inhibited IL-1beta-induced COX-2 expression and prostaglandin E(2) production by destabilizing COX-2 mRNA, as did the p38 MAPK inhibitor SB203580. Interestingly, aurothiomalate also increased the expression of MKP-1 and reduced the IL-1beta-induced phosphorylation of p38 MAPK. Knockdown of MKP-1 by siRNA significantly impaired the ability of aurothiomalate to inhibit the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and the expression of COX-2, MMP-3, and IL-6. Likewise, aurothiomalate reduced COX-2, MMP-3, and IL-6 expression in articular cartilage from patients with rheumatoid arthritis, as well as in articular cartilage from wild-type mice but not from MKP-1(-/-) mice. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate a novel mechanism for the antiinflammatory and antierosive actions of aurothiomalate, through increased expression of MKP-1, which leads to reduced activation of p38 MAPK and suppressed expression of COX-2, MMP-3, and IL-6. The results suggest that manipulation of MKP-1 levels is a promising new mechanism to be directed in the search and development of novel antiinflammatory and antierosive compounds that have the good efficacy of gold compounds but not their toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riina Nieminen
- The Immunopharmacology Research Group, University of Tampere Medical School and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
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Andreas K, Häupl T, Lübke C, Ringe J, Morawietz L, Wachtel A, Sittinger M, Kaps C. Antirheumatic drug response signatures in human chondrocytes: potential molecular targets to stimulate cartilage regeneration. Arthritis Res Ther 2009; 11:R15. [PMID: 19192274 PMCID: PMC2688247 DOI: 10.1186/ar2605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2008] [Revised: 01/08/2009] [Accepted: 02/03/2009] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) leads to progressive destruction of articular cartilage. This study aimed to disclose major mechanisms of antirheumatic drug action on human chondrocytes and to reveal marker and pharmacological target genes that are involved in cartilage dysfunction and regeneration. METHODS An interactive in vitro cultivation system composed of human chondrocyte alginate cultures and conditioned supernatant of SV40 T-antigen immortalised human synovial fibroblasts was used. Chondrocyte alginate cultures were stimulated with supernatant of RA synovial fibroblasts, of healthy donor synovial fibroblasts, and of RA synovial fibroblasts that have been antirheumatically treated with disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) (azathioprine, gold sodium thiomalate, chloroquine phosphate, and methotrexate), nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (piroxicam and diclofenac), or steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (SAIDs) (methylprednisolone and prednisolone). Chondrocyte gene expression profile was analysed using microarrays. Real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were performed for validation of microarray data. RESULTS Genome-wide expression analysis revealed 110 RA-related genes in human chondrocytes: expression of catabolic mediators (inflammation, cytokines/chemokines, and matrix degradation) was induced, and expression of anabolic mediators (matrix synthesis and proliferation/differentiation) was repressed. Potential marker genes to define and influence cartilage/chondrocyte integrity and regeneration were determined and include already established genes (COX-2, CXCR-4, IL-1RN, IL-6/8, MMP-10/12, and TLR-2) and novel genes (ADORA2A, BCL2-A1, CTGF, CXCR-7, CYR-61, HSD11B-1, IL-23A, MARCKS, MXRA-5, NDUFA4L2, NR4A3, SMS, STS, TNFAIP-2, and TXNIP). Antirheumatic treatment with SAIDs showed complete and strong reversion of RA-related gene expression in human chondrocytes, whereas treatment with NSAIDs and the DMARD chloroquine phosphate had only moderate to minor effects. Treatment with the DMARDs azathioprine, gold sodium thiomalate, and methotrexate efficiently reverted chondrocyte RA-related gene expression toward the 'healthy' level. Pathways of cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, transforming growth factor-beta/Toll-like receptor/Jak-STAT (signal transducer and activator of transcription) signalling and extracellular matrix receptor interaction were targeted by antirheumatics. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that RA-relevant stimuli result in the molecular activation of catabolic and inflammatory processes in human chondrocytes that are reverted by antirheumatic treatment. Candidate genes that evolved in this study for new therapeutic approaches include suppression of specific immune responses (COX-2, IL-23A, and IL-6) and activation of cartilage regeneration (CTGF and CYR-61).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Andreas
- Tissue Engineering Laboratory and Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Department of Rheumatology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Tucholskystrasse 2, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
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