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Notch1 participates in the activation of autophagy in the hippocampus of type I diabetic mice. Neurochem Int 2021; 150:105156. [PMID: 34389314 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2021.105156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Notch1 not only plays a key role in the development of the nervous system but also modulates synaptic plasticity and memory. However, the role of Notch1 in the brain of diabetes is still unclear. We hypothesize that Notch1 is involved in type I diabetes-induced cognitive dysfunction. In this study, adult male C57BL/6J mice carrying a heterozygous null mutation in the Notch1 gene (Notch1+/-) and wild-type littermate controls were used in this experiment. They were subjected to streptozocin (55 mg/kg, i.p.) for consecutive five days. After 12 weeks, the cognitive function of all mice was detected by novel object recognition (NOR) test and electrophysiological recording. Our results demonstrated that the levels of Notch1 mRNA and Notch1 receptor were increased in the hippocampus of the wild-type diabetic mice at 12 weeks. It suggested that the Notch1 signal pathway was activated. Compared with the wild-type diabetic mice, the discrimination index and the long-term potentiation was further decreased in the Notch1+/- diabetic group, the impairment of neuronal ultrastructure was exacerbated in the hippocampus of the Notch1+/- diabetic mice, and the number of synapses and autophagic vacuoles were significantly reduced in the Notch1+/- diabetic group. Moreover, some postsynaptic associated protein expressions were down-regulated, as well as the Beclin1 expression and the ratio of LC3II/LC3I were reduced in the hippocampus of the Notch1+/- diabetic mice. Interestingly, the phosphorylation of mTOR, Akt, and ERK1/2 were all inhibited in the Notch1+/- diabetic group. Taken together, these results suggest that Notch1 deficiency deteriorates the synaptic plasticity and inhibits the activation of autophagy partly via the mTOR-independent signal pathway in the hippocampus of type I diabetic mice.
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Huang L, Xu DQ, Chen YY, Yue SJ, Tang YP. Leonurine, a potential drug for the treatment of cardiovascular system and central nervous system diseases. Brain Behav 2021; 11:e01995. [PMID: 33300684 PMCID: PMC7882174 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Leonurus japonicus Houtt., a traditional Chinese herbal medicine, is often used as a gynecological medicine with the effect of promoting blood circulation, regulating menstruation, clearing heat, and detoxificating. As the most important alkaloid in L. japonicus, leonurine has a wide range of biological activities, such as antioxidation, anti-inflammation, and anti-apoptosis. Cardiovascular system and central nervous system diseases are arrogant killers that threaten human lives and health around the world, but many drugs for treating them have certain side effects. This paper reviews the potential therapeutic effects of leonurine on cardiovascular system and central nervous system diseases, summarizes the previous research progress, and focuses on its therapeutic effect in various diseases. Although leonurine plays a prominent role in the treatment of cardiovascular system and central nervous system diseases, there are still some shortages, such as low bioavailability, weak transmembrane ability, and poor fat solubility. Therefore, the structure modification of leonurine may solve these problems and provide reference value for the development of new drugs. At present, leonurine is in clinical trial, and it is hoped that our summary will help to provide guidance for its future research on the basic science and clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Huang
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Ding-Qiao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Yan-Yan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Shi-Jun Yue
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Yu-Ping Tang
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, China
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Luo S, Xu S, Liu J, Ma F, Zhu YZ. Design and synthesis of novel SCM-198 analogs as cardioprotective agents: Structure-activity relationship studies and biological evaluations. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 200:112469. [PMID: 32485530 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
SCM-198 (Leonurine) has attracted great attention due to its cardioprotective effects in myocardial infarction (MI). However, no systematic modifications and structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies could be traced so far. In this study, 35 analogs of SCM-198 were designed, synthesized and their cardioprotective effects were evaluated. The cell viability assay on cardiomyocyte cell line H9c2 challenged with H2O2 showed that several analogs exhibited more potent cytoprotective effects than SCM-198 at 1 μM and 10 μM concentrations. LDH release level in cells treated with 1 μM 14o was comparable with cells treated with 10 μM SCM-198. Results of Bcl-2 expression and caspase-3 activation accordingly indicated higher protective activity of 14o than SCM-198. Moreover, in a mouse model of MI, the mice pretreated with 14o had much lower infarct size compared with that of SCM-198. The mechanism study suggested that 14o improved cardiac morphology and reduced apoptosis of cardiomyocytes in the border zone of infarction, as proved by H&E and TUNEL staining.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Luo
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, PR China; Pharmacy and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, PR China; Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Shengtao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing, 210009, PR China
| | - Junkai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing, 210009, PR China
| | - Fenfen Ma
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201399, PR China
| | - Yi Zhun Zhu
- Pharmacy and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, PR China; Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China.
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Xu L, Jiang X, Wei F, Zhu H. Leonurine protects cardiac function following acute myocardial infarction through anti‑apoptosis by the PI3K/AKT/GSK3β signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep 2018; 18:1582-1590. [PMID: 29845252 PMCID: PMC6072193 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Leonurine is a compound derived from Herba leonuri, which has been reported to protect cardiac tissue against ischemic injury via antioxidant and anti‑apoptosis effects. The present study investigated whether these effects may be applied to acute myocardial infarction (MI) and examined the underlying mechanisms of leonurine treatment. A rat model of MI was induced by coronary artery ligation. Leonurine was administered at 15 mg/kg/day by oral gavage following the onset of MI. Rats in the sham group and the saline group were administered with an equal volume of saline. Echocardiography, Masson's trichrome staining, and terminal‑deoxynucleotidyl transferase‑mediated dUTP nick end labeling assays were performed 28 days post MI. The expression of B‑cell lymphoma‑2 and Bax were assessed by western blot analysis and reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Phosphoinositide 3‑kinase (PI3K), protein kinase B and glycogen synthase kinase‑3β (GSK3β) protein expression were investigated by western blot analysis. Leonurine significantly alleviated collagen deposition and MI size, inhibited cell apoptosis and improved myocardial function. This was accompanied by significantly increased levels of phosphorylated (p)‑PI3K, p‑AKT, p‑GSK3β and Bcl‑2, as well as significantly decreased levels of caspase3, cleaved‑caspase3 and Bax following MI. The results demonstrated that leonurine exerts potent cardio‑protective effects in a rat model of MI by inducing anti‑apoptotic effects by activating the PI3K/AKT/GSK3β signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hebei 430060, P.R. China,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hebei 430060, P.R. China,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hebei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Xuejun Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hebei 430060, P.R. China,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hebei 430060, P.R. China,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hebei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Fang Wei
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hebei 430060, P.R. China,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hebei 430060, P.R. China,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hebei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Hongling Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hebei 430060, P.R. China,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hebei 430060, P.R. China,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hebei 430060, P.R. China,Correspondence to: Dr Hongling Zhu, Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, Hebei 430060, P.R. China, E-mail:
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Liu C, Xu X, Gao J, Zhang T, Yang Z. Hydrogen Sulfide Prevents Synaptic Plasticity from VD-Induced Damage via Akt/GSK-3β Pathway and Notch Signaling Pathway in Rats. Mol Neurobiol 2015. [PMID: 26208699 PMCID: PMC4937100 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9324-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Our previous study has demonstrated that hydrogen sulfide (H2S) attenuates neuronal injury induced by vascular dementia (VD) in rats, but the mechanism is still poorly understood. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether the neuroprotection of H2S was associated with synaptic plasticity and try to interpret the potential underlying mechanisms. Adult male Wistar rats were suffered the ligation of bilateral common carotid arteries. At 24 h after surgery, rats were administered intraperitoneally with sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS, 5.6 mg·kg−1·day−1), a H2S donor, for 3 weeks in the VD+NaHS group and treated intraperitoneally with saline in the VD group respectively. Our results demonstrated that NaHS significantly decreased the level of glutamate. It obviously ameliorated cognitive flexibility as well as the spatial learning and memory abilities by Morris water maze. Moreover, NaHS significantly improved the long-term depression (LTD), and was able to elevate the expression of N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor subunit 2A, which plays a pivotal role in synaptic plasticity. Interestingly, NaHS decreased the phosphorylation of Akt, and it could maintain the activity of glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β). Surprisingly, NaHS triggered the canonical Notch pathway by increasing expressions of Jagged-1 and Hes-1. These findings suggest that NaHS prevents synaptic plasticity from VD-induced damage partly via Akt/GSK-3β pathway and Notch signaling pathway. Hydrogen sulfide modulated the ratio of NMDAR 2A/2B and improved the synaptic plasticity via Akt/GSK-3β pathway and Notch signaling pathway in VD rats.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhua Liu
- School of Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Neurovascular Regulation, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Xiaxia Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Jing Gao
- School of Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Neurovascular Regulation, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Zhuo Yang
- School of Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Neurovascular Regulation, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China.
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Li L, Zhou X, Li N, Sun M, Lv J, Xu Z. Herbal drugs against cardiovascular disease: traditional medicine and modern development. Drug Discov Today 2015; 20:1074-86. [PMID: 25956424 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2015.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Revised: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Herbal products have been used as conventional medicines for thousands of years, particularly in Eastern countries. Thousands of clinical and experimental investigations have focused on the effects and mechanisms-of-action of herbal medicine in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Considering the history of clinical practice and the great potentials of herb medicine and/or its ingredients, a review on this topic would be helpful. This article discusses possible effects of herbal remedies in the prevention and treatment of CVDs. Crucially, we also summarize some underlying pharmacological mechanisms for herb products in cardiovascular regulations, which might provide interesting information for further understanding the effects of herbal medicines, and boost the prospect of new herbal products against CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingjun Li
- Institute for Fetology, First Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Xiuwen Zhou
- Institute for Fetology, First Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Na Li
- Institute for Fetology, First Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Miao Sun
- Institute for Fetology, First Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Juanxiu Lv
- Institute for Fetology, First Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Zhice Xu
- Institute for Fetology, First Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China; Center for Perinatal Biology, Division of Pharmacology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA.
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Zhang SM, Xie ZP, Xu ML, Shi LF. Cardioprotective effects of fucoidan against hypoxia-induced apoptosis in H9c2 cardiomyoblast cells. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2015; 53:1352-1357. [PMID: 25874385 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2014.982298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Cardiomyocyte apoptosis plays a critical role in the progress of heart diseases. Fucoidan, a complex-sulfated polysaccharide, has been reported to possess potential cardioprotective efficacy in vivo. OBJECTIVE The present study determines whether fucoidan could provide cardioprotection on hypoxia-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS H9c2 cardiomyoblast cells were incubated with various concentrations (15, 30, and 60 μg/ml) of fucoidan in a humidified incubator at 37 °C with 95% O2 and 5% CO2. After 6 h, hypoxia was processed and the cardioprotective effects of fucoidan were evaluated by applying MTT, ELISA, Hoechst 33258 nucleus staining, and western blot. RESULTS Following a 6 h exposure of H9c2 to hypoxic condition, significant reduction was found in cell survival (0.57-fold) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity (0.56-fold), which were associated with the increase of malondialdehyde (MDA) level (2.58-fold), creatine phosphokinase (CK, 3.57-fold), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities (2.39-fold). Moreover, hypoxia-induced apoptosis was confirmed by Hoechst 33258 nuclear staining, and these changes were accompanied by the increase of Bcl-2 (1.27-fold) and Bax expression (2.6-fold). However, preincubation of the cells with fucoidan prior to hypoxia exposure elevated the cell viability (30 μg/ml, 1.18-fold; 60 μg/ml, 1.32-fold) and SOD activity (30 μg/ml, 1.12-fold; 60 μg/ml, 1.25-fold), but decreased the MDA level (30 μg/ml, 0.70-fold; 60 μg/ml, 0.80-fold), CK (30 μg/ml, 0.69-fold; 60 μg/ml, 0.76-fold), and LDH (30 μg/ml, 0.67-fold; 60 μg/ml, 0.86-fold) leakages. Hoechst 33258 nuclear staining observations demonstrated the same protective effect of fucoidan on hypoxia-induced myocardial injury. Also, cardioprotective effects of fucoidan were reflected by increasing Bcl-2 (60 μg/ml, 1.84-fold), as well as decreasing Bax (60 μg/ml, 0.6-fold). CONCLUSION Fucoidan had protective effect against hypoxia-induced cardiomyocytes apoptosis, and the mechanism might involve protections of the cell from oxidative injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical College , Yantai , China and
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Sun Y, Zhang X, Lu T, Yuan Y, Ding Q, Lu C. A study on the PK and BA profiles in the mouse body for leonurine O/O microemulsion with determination by the LC-MS/MS method. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2015; 41:423-32. [DOI: 10.1007/s13318-015-0268-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Myocardial infarction induces cognitive impairment by increasing the production of hydrogen peroxide in adult rat hippocampus. Neurosci Lett 2014; 560:112-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2013.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2013] [Revised: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Effects and mechanisms of chinese herbal medicine in ameliorating myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:925625. [PMID: 24288571 PMCID: PMC3833114 DOI: 10.1155/2013/925625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2013] [Revised: 08/26/2013] [Accepted: 09/04/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (MIR) injury is a major contributor to the morbidity and mortality associated with coronary artery disease, which accounts for approximately 450,000 deaths a year in the United States alone. Chinese herbal medicine, especially combined herbal formulations, has been widely used in traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of myocardial infarction for hundreds of years. While the efficacy of Chinese herbal medicine is well documented, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain elusive. In this review, we highlight recent studies which are focused on elucidating the cellular and molecular mechanisms using extracted compounds, single herbs, or herbal formulations in experimental settings. These studies represent recent efforts to bridge the gap between the enigma of ancient Chinese herbal medicine and the concepts of modern cell and molecular biology in the treatment of myocardial infarction.
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