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Eisa MA, Mansour AM, Salama SA, Elsadek BEM, Ashour AA, Abdelghany TM. Estrogen/estrogen receptor activation protects against DEN-induced liver fibrosis in female rats via modulating TLR-4/NF-kβ signaling. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 960:176165. [PMID: 38059444 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.176165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
AIM Men are more susceptible to liver fibrosis (LF) than women. However, the underlying molecular mechanism, especially the role of estrogen/estrogen receptor (ER) activation in this sexual dimorphism is unclear. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to investigate the impact and the underlying molecular mechanisms of estrogen/ER activation on diethyl nitrosamine (DEN)-induced LF. MAIN METHODS Thirty ovariectomized (OVX) female rats were randomly allocated into five groups (n = 6), and received no treatment, diethyl nitrosamine (DEN), DEN/fulvestrant, DEN/silymarin or DEN/estradiol benzoate (EB). In addition, three sham groups received no treatment, DEN or DEN/fulvestrant, and one control group that neither ovariectomized nor treated. Directly after treatment, liver injury biomarkers were measured. In addition, hepatic tissue hydroxyproline, TNF- α, TGF- β, and IL-10 were evaluated. Expression of NF-kβ, CD68 (a marker for macrophage infiltration), ER-β and TLR-4 were measured. Finally, liver tissue histopathology was assessed. KEY FINDINGS Ovariectomy aggravates DEN-induced LF, as it significantly elevated all liver tissue injury biomarkers. This effect has become even worse after blocking ER by fulvestrant, indicating a protective role of estrogen/ER activation against DEN-induced LF. Inhibition of TLR-4/NF-kβ signaling pathway contributed to this protective effect, as estrogen deprivation or blocking of ER significantly activates this pathway during the onset of LF. While administration of EB or silymarin (selective ER-β activator) improved LF indices and deactivated this pathway. SIGNIFICANCE These results provide new insight into the pivotal role of estrogen/ER activation via modulation of TLR-4/NF-kβ, in the alleviation of LF pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud A Eisa
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11651, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed M Mansour
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11651, Egypt.
| | - Salama A Salama
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11651, Egypt.
| | - Bakheet E M Elsadek
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut, 71524, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed A Ashour
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11651, Egypt; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sinai University-Kantara Branch, Ismailia, 41636, Egypt.
| | - Tamer M Abdelghany
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11651, Egypt; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy Heliopolis University, Cairo, 11785, Egypt.
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2
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Mukherjee AG, Valsala Gopalakrishnan A. The interplay of arsenic, silymarin, and NF-ĸB pathway in male reproductive toxicity: A review. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 252:114614. [PMID: 36753973 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic toxicity is one of the most trending reasons for several malfunctions, particularly reproductive toxicity. The exact mechanism of arsenic poisoning is a big question mark. Exposure to arsenic reduces sperm count, impairs fertilization, and causes inflammation and genotoxicity through interfering with autophagy, epigenetics, ROS generation, downregulation of essential protein expression, metabolite changes, and hampering several signaling cascades, particularly by the alteration of NF-ĸB pathway. This work tries to give a clear idea about the different aspects of arsenic resulting in male reproductive complications, often leading to infertility. The first part of this article explains the implications of arsenic poisoning and the crosstalk of the NF-ĸB pathway in male reproductive toxicity. Silymarin is a bioactive compound that exerts anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory properties and has demonstrated hopeful outcomes in several cancers, including colon cancer, breast cancer, and skin cancer, by downregulating the hyperactive NF-ĸB pathway. The next half of this article thus sheds light on silymarin's therapeutic potential in inhibiting the NF-ĸB signaling cascade, thus offering protection against arsenic-induced male reproductive toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anirban Goutam Mukherjee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, India
| | - Abilash Valsala Gopalakrishnan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, India.
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3
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Ghodousi M, Karbasforooshan H, Arabi L, Elyasi S. Silymarin as a preventive or therapeutic measure for chemotherapy and radiotherapy-induced adverse reactions: a comprehensive review of preclinical and clinical data. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2023; 79:15-38. [PMID: 36450892 DOI: 10.1007/s00228-022-03434-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Thus far, silymarin has been examined in several studies for prevention or treatment of various chemotherapy or radiotherapy-induced adverse reactions. In this review, we try to collect all available human, animal, and pre-clinical data in this field. METHODS The search was done in Scopus, PubMed, Medline, and systematic reviews in the Cochrane database, using the following keywords: "Cancer," "Chemotherapy," "Radiotherapy," "Mucositis," "Nephrotoxicity," "Dermatitis," "Ototoxicity," "Cardiotoxicity," "Nephrotoxicity," "Hepatotoxicity," "Reproductive system," "Silybum marianum," "Milk thistle," and "Silymarin" and "Silybin." We included all relevant in vitro, in vivo, and human studies up to the date of publication. RESULTS Based on 64 included studies in this review, silymarin is considered a safe and well-tolerated compound, with no known clinical drug interaction. Notably, multiple adverse reactions of chemotherapeutic agents are effectively managed by its antioxidant, anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-immunomodulatory properties. Clinical trials suggest that oral silymarin may be a promising adjuvant with cancer treatments, particularly against hepatotoxicity (n = 10), nephrotoxicity (n = 3), diarrhea (n = 1), and mucositis (n = 3), whereas its topical formulation can be particularly effective against radiodermatitis (n = 2) and hand-foot syndrome (HFS) (n = 1). CONCLUSION Further studies are required to determine the optimal dose, duration, and the best formulation of silymarin to prevent and/or manage chemotherapy and radiotherapy-induced complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Ghodousi
- Medical Toxicology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hedyieh Karbasforooshan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Leila Arabi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Nanotechnology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Sepideh Elyasi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Ipek V, Kaya K, Cebi C, Gurel A, Ayozger LEO. Effects of fish oil on
methotrexate‐induced
reproductive damage in rats. Andrologia 2022; 54:e14638. [DOI: 10.1111/and.14638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Volkan Ipek
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathology Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University Burdur Turkey
| | - Kursat Kaya
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry Pamukkale University Denizli Turkey
| | - Cigdem Cebi
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Reproduction and Artificial Insemination Harran University Şanlıurfa Turkey
| | - Ali Gurel
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Nephrology Firat University Elazig Turkey
| | - Leyla Elif Ozgu Ayozger
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathology Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University Burdur Turkey
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Shanmugavadivu A, Balagangadharan K, Selvamurugan N. Angiogenic and Osteogenic Effects of Flavonoids in Bone Regeneration. Biotechnol Bioeng 2022; 119:2313-2330. [PMID: 35718883 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Bone is a highly vascularised tissue that relies on a close spatial and temporal interaction between blood vessels and bone cells. As a result, angiogenesis is critical for bone formation and healing. The vascular system supports bone regeneration by delivering oxygen, nutrients, and growth factors, as well as facilitating efficient cell-cell contact. Most clinical applications of engineered bone grafts are hampered by insufficient vascularization after implantation. Over the last decade, a number of flavonoids have been reported to have osteogenic-angiogenic potential in bone regeneration because of their excellent bioactivity, low cost, availability, and minimal in vivo toxicity. During new bone formation, the osteoinductive nature of certain flavonoids is involved in regulating multiple signaling pathways contributing toward the osteogenic-angiogenic coupling. This review briefly outlines the osteogenic-angiogenic potential of those flavonoids and the mechanisms of their action in promoting bone regeneration. However, further studies are needed to investigate their delivery strategies and establish their clinical efficacy. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abinaya Shanmugavadivu
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, College of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - K Balagangadharan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, College of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - N Selvamurugan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, College of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India
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Karabulut D, Öztürk E, Kaymak E, Kuloglu N, Akin AT, Yakan B. Vitamin B12 suppresses GADD153, prevents apoptosis and regulates the testicular function in methotrexate treated rat testis. Biotech Histochem 2021; 97:290-297. [PMID: 34365888 DOI: 10.1080/10520295.2021.1962976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Methotrexate (MTX) is an anti-neoplastic drug that also causes testicular damage. Vitamin B12 (Vit B12) is a water soluble vitamin that is required for normal metabolism. We investigated Vit B12 as a possible protective agent against testicular damage caused by MTX treatment. We divided rats into four groups: control group, Vit B12 group treated with Vit B12 daily for 15 days, MTX group treated with MTX on day 8, MTX + Vit B12 group treated with MTX on day 8 + Vit B12 for 15 days. Serum levels of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) and testosterone were measured. We also measured proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), connexin43 (Cx43) and the growth arrest- and DNA damage-inducible gene, 153 (GADD153), using immunohistochemical staining. Apoptosis was assessed using TUNEL staining. The MTX group exhibited degeneration of seminiferous tubules; decreased serum testosterone, LH and FSH levels; fewer PCNA positive cells; increased Cx43 expression; and increased GADD153 and TUNEL stained cells compared to the control group. These pathologic findings were substantially reversed In the MTX + Vit B12 group. MTX caused increased endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis via GADD153. Consequently, Vit B12 potentially is a protective agent against damage caused by MTX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derya Karabulut
- Histology-Embryology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Emel Öztürk
- Histology-Embryology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Harran University, Sanliurfa, Turkey
| | - Emin Kaymak
- Histology-Embryology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Bozok University, Yozgat, Turkey
| | - Nurhan Kuloglu
- Histology-Embryology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey.,Health Care Services Elderly Care Department, Nigde Ömer Halisdemir University, Nigde, Turkey
| | - Ali Tuğrul Akin
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Birkan Yakan
- Histology-Embryology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
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Delen O, Uz YH. Protective effect of pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate against methotrexate-induced testicular damage. Hum Exp Toxicol 2021; 40:S164-S177. [PMID: 34340576 DOI: 10.1177/09603271211035674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate the protective effect of pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) against methotrexate (MTX)-induced testicular damage in rats. Forty Wistar albino male rats were divided into equally four groups: Control group (saline solution, IP), PDTC group (100 mg/kg PDTC,IP, 10 days), MTX group (20 mg/kg MTX, IP, single dose, on the 6th day) and MTX + PDTC group (100 mg/kg PDTC, IP, 10 days and 20 mg/kg MTX, IP, single dose, on the 6th day). After 10 days, testicular tissues were excised for morphometric, histological and immunohistochemical evaluations. Serum testosterone, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) and prokineticin 2 (PK2) levels were determined. Body and testicular weights were measured. Testicular damage was assessed by histological evaluation. Nuclear factor kappa B (NFkB), nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) and PK2 immunoreactivities were evaluated by HSCORE. Body and testicular weights, serum FSH, LH, testosterone levels, seminiferous tubule diameter and germinal epithelial thickness were significantly decreased in the MTX group. However, serum PK2 level, histologically damaged seminiferous tubules and interstitial field width were significantly increased. Additionally, there was an increase in NFkB and PK2 immunoreactivity, whereas there was a significant decrease in Nrf2 immunoreactivity. PDTC significantly improved hormonal, morphometric, histological and immunohistochemical findings. Taken together, we conclude that PDTC may reduce MTX-induced testicular damage via NFkB, Nrf2 and PK2 signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozlem Delen
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, 64058Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Yesim H Uz
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, 64058Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
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8
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Kilinc L, Uz YH. Protective effects of curcumin against methotrexate-induced testicular damage in rats by suppression of the p38-MAPK and nuclear factor-kappa B pathways. Clin Exp Reprod Med 2021; 48:211-220. [PMID: 34352168 PMCID: PMC8421662 DOI: 10.5653/cerm.2020.04105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The present study aimed to investigate the possibility that curcumin (CMN) protects against methotrexate (MTX)-induced testicular damage by affecting the phospho-p38 (p-p38) mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathways. Methods Eighteen male Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into three groups. The control group was given an intragastric administration of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) daily for 14 days, the MTX group was given a single intraperitoneal dose of MTX (20 mg/kg) on the 11th day, and the MTX+CMN group was given intragastric CMN (100 mg/kg/day, dissolved in DMSO) for 14 days and a single intraperitoneal dose of MTX (20 mg/kg) on the 11th day. At the end of the experiment, all animals were sacrificed and the testicular tissues were removed for morphometry, histology, and immunohistochemistry. Body and testicular weights were measured. Results Body weights, seminiferous tubule diameter, and germinal epithelium height significantly decreased in the MTX group compared to the control group. Whereas, the number of histologically damaged seminiferous tubules and interstitial space width significantly increased in the MTX group. In addition, the number of p-p38 MAPK immunopositive cells and the immunoreactivity of NF-κB also increased in the MTX group compared to the control group. CMN improved loss of body weight, morphometric values, and histological damage due to MTX. CMN also reduced the number of p-p38 MAPK immunopositive cells and the NF-κB immunoreactivity. Conclusion CMN may reduce MTX-induced testicular damage by suppressing the p38 MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leyla Kilinc
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey.,Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Yesim Hulya Uz
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
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Jensen NB, Justesen SD, Larsen A, Ernst E, Pedersen LH. A systematic overview of the spermatotoxic and genotoxic effects of methotrexate, ganciclovir and mycophenolate mofetil. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2021; 100:1557-1580. [PMID: 33755191 DOI: 10.1111/aogs.14151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Immunosuppressant drugs are increasingly being used in the reproductive years. Theoretically, such medications could affect fetal health either through changes in the sperm DNA or through fetal exposure caused by a presence in the seminal fluid. This systematic overview summarizes existing literature on the spermatotoxic and genotoxic potentials of methotrexate (MTX), a drug widely used to treat rheumatic and dermatologic diseases, and mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), which alone or supplemented with ganciclovir (GCV) may be crucial for the survival of organ transplants. MATERIAL AND METHODS The systematic overview was performed in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines: A systematic literature search of the MEDLINE and Embase databases was done using a combination of relevant terms to search for studies on spermatotoxic or genotoxic changes related to treatment with MTX, GCV or MMF. The search was restricted to English language literature, and to in vivo animal studies (mammalian species) and clinical human studies. RESULTS A total of 102 studies were identified, hereof 25 human and 77 animal studies. For MTX, human studies of immunosuppressive dosages show transient effect on sperm quality parameters, which return to reference values within 3 months. No human studies have investigated the sperm DNA damaging effect of MTX, but in other organs the genotoxic effects of immunosuppressive doses of MTX are fluctuating. In animals, immunosuppressive and cytotoxic doses of MTX adversely affect sperm quality parameters and show widespread genotoxic damages in various organs. Cytotoxic doses transiently change the DNA material in all cell stages of spermatogenesis in rodents. For GCV and MMF, data are limited and the results are indeterminate, for which reason spermatotoxic and genotoxic potentials cannot be excluded. CONCLUSIONS Data from human and animal studies indicate transient spermatotoxic and genotoxic potentials of immunosuppressive and cytotoxic doses of MTX. There are a limited number of studies investigating GCV and MMF.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Agnete Larsen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Erik Ernst
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Laboratory for Reproduction, Institute of Anatomy, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Lars H Pedersen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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Saral O, Dokumacioglu E, Saral S, Sumer A, Bulmus O, Kaya SO, Canpolat S. The effect of bee pollen on reproductive and biochemical parameters in methotrexate-induced testicular damage in adult rats. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2020; 32:1001-1006. [PMID: 34592083 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2020-0152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Methotrexate (MTX) is an anticancer drug used in chemotherapy. MTX was known for its toxic effects involving most of the organs including testis. Bee pollen is healthy food for human and has antioxidant effect. We intended to determine protective effect of bee pollen against testicular injury caused by MTX in rats. METHODS Thirty-two adult Sprague Dawley male rats were used, and 4 groups were formed: control, MTX, pollen, and MTX + pollen. Rats were given pollen at a dose of 400 mg/kg with intragastric gavage for 10 days. On day 7, MTX was administered a single dose of 30 mg/kg ip. Serum testosterone and LH, tissue MDA level, and SOD and CAT enzyme activities were examined. In addition, spermatological parameters were evaluated. RESULTS MDA level and SOD activity increased while testosterone level decreased significantly in the MTX group compared to the control group. In the MTX + pollen group, MDA level and SOD activity decreased while testosterone level increased. There was no significant change in CAT activity and LH values. Abnormal sperm ratio decreased in the MTX + pollen group compared to the MTX group. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that bee pollen has a healing effect on reproductive parameters in testicular damage caused by MTX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozlem Saral
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Eda Dokumacioglu
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Healthy Sciences, Artvin Coruh University, Artvin, Turkey
| | - Sinan Saral
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Aysegul Sumer
- School of Health, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Ozgur Bulmus
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Fırat University, Elazıg, Turkey
| | - Seyma Ozer Kaya
- Department of Graduation and Artificial Insemination, Veterinary Faculty, Fırat University, Elazıg, Turkey
| | - Sinan Canpolat
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Fırat University, Elazıg, Turkey
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11
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Ajayi AF, Akhigbe RE. The physiology of male reproduction: Impact of drugs and their abuse on male fertility. Andrologia 2020; 52:e13672. [DOI: 10.1111/and.13672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ayodeji Folorunsho Ajayi
- Department of Physiology College of Medicine Ladoke Akintola University of Technology Ogbomoso Nigeria
| | - Roland Eghoghosoa Akhigbe
- Department of Physiology College of Medicine Ladoke Akintola University of Technology Ogbomoso Nigeria
- Reproductive Biology and Toxicology Research Laboratories Oasis of Grace Hospital Osogbo Nigeria
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12
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Camini FC, Costa DC. Silymarin: not just another antioxidant. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2020; 31:/j/jbcpp.2020.31.issue-4/jbcpp-2019-0206/jbcpp-2019-0206.xml. [PMID: 32134732 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2019-0206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Silymarin (Silybum marianum; SM), popularly known as milk thistle, is an extract that has been used for many centuries to treat liver diseases. In recent years, several studies have shown that SM is not only just another antioxidant but also a multifunctional compound that exhibits several beneficial properties for use in the treatment and prevention of different types of pathologies and disorders. This review aims at demonstrating the main protective activities of SM in diseases, such as cancer, diabetes, hepatitis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, alcoholic liver disease, hepatitis C virus, hepatitis B virus, metabolic syndrome, depression, cardiovascular diseases and thalassemia, in addition to its photoprotective activity in in vitro tests and preclinical studies. Its main functions include antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, and it acts as modulator of signaling pathways. It has been suggested that SM presents great multifunctional potential and is capable of achieving promising results in different types of research. However, caution is still needed regarding its indiscriminate use in humans as there are only a few clinical studies relating to the adequate dose and the actual efficacy of this extract in different types of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Caetano Camini
- Laboratory of Metabolic Biochemistry, Post-Graduate Program in Biological Sciences, Nucleus of Research in Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Daniela Caldeira Costa
- Laboratory of Metabolic Biochemistry, Post-Graduate Program in Biological Sciences, Nucleus of Research in Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Laboratory of Metabolic Biochemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Morro do Cruzeiro University Campus, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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13
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Zarif-Yeganeh M, Rastegarpanah M. Clinical Role of Silymarin in Oxidative Stress and Infertility: A Short Review for Pharmacy Practitioners. J Res Pharm Pract 2019; 8:181-188. [PMID: 31956630 PMCID: PMC6952757 DOI: 10.4103/jrpp.jrpp_18_100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Silymarin (SMN) as an ancient plant has various therapeutic usage in many diseases. Almost all of its properties attributed to antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Currently, infertility problems impose a heavy burden on many developing countries. As a result, effective infertility treatment is indicated. The role of oxidative stress in both male and female infertility has been revealed. Many studies have shown protective and antioxidative properties of SMN against adverse effects of chemotherapy medications and environmental toxins in sperms and oocytes. The antioxidative and clinical role of SMN in infertility has been reviewed. The use of antioxidants such as SMN can help to improve fertility rate by scavenging free radicals and inhibiting nuclear factor kappa B transcription factor. Animal studies in both male and female have indicated a beneficial effect of SMN on fertility recovery. Further clinical studies are needed considering the phytoestrogenic property of SMN, to determine the right dose and duration of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mansoor Rastegarpanah
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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14
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Kamel MEF, Mohammad HMF, Maurice C, Hagras MM. Ginseng Nanoparticles Protect Against Methotrexate-Induced Testicular Toxicity in Rats. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC AND CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.32527/2019/101397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Saad DY, Soliman MM, Mohamed AA, Youssef GB. Protective effects of sea cucumber (Holothuria atra) extract on testicular dysfunction induced by immune suppressant drugs in Wistar rats. Andrologia 2018; 50:e13017. [PMID: 29687464 DOI: 10.1111/and.13017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study was aimed to evaluate the protective effect of Holothurian atra (HA) extract; naturally occurring marine resource, against methotrexate (MTX) induced testicular dysfunction. Mature rats received either MTX (20 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) or saline on the 7th day of experiment al design. Seven days prior and after MTX-injection, rats received HA at dose of 300 mg/kg intragastrically (HA + MTX group; HA group alone). Serum was extracted and testicular tissues were examined for the changes in serum biochemistry (liver & kidney biomarkers, testicular hormones and antioxidants), molecular and histopthological alterations using RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. MTX-injected rats induced alteration in all testicular parameters. Prior administration of HA ameliorated the MTX-induced oxidative stress. HA administration normalised MTX-induced decrease in serum levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), reproductive hormones (FSH, LH and testosterone) and antioxidants GST, SOD and catalase. MTX-injected rats down-regulated mRNA expression of GST, SOD, steroidogenesis associated genes, IFN-γ, Bcl2 and NFKB. MTX up-regulated BAX expression and caspase 9 immunoreactivity that were ameliorated in HA + MTX group. Collectively, HA ameliorated and restored all altered genes. In conclusion, HA is a promising supplement that is helpful in protection against testicular cytotoxicity and dysfunction induced by methotrexate.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Y Saad
- Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Medical Laboratory Department, Taif University, Turabah, Saudi Arabia.,Faculty of Science, Biology Department, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - M M Soliman
- Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Medical Laboratory Department, Taif University, Turabah, Saudi Arabia.,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Biochemistry Department, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
| | - A A Mohamed
- Faculty of Science, Biology Department, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Animal Reproduction and AI, Veterinary Research Division, National Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - G B Youssef
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Forensic Medicine and Toxicology Department, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
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Oufi HG. The cytogenetic effects of silibinin alone and in combination with methotrexate in mouse bone marrow. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 824:179-184. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Zhang B, Xu D, She L, Wang Z, Yang N, Sun R, Zhang Y, Yan C, Wei Q, Aa J, Liu B, Wang G, Xie Y. Silybin inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome assembly through the NAD +/SIRT2 pathway in mice with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. FASEB J 2018; 32:757-767. [PMID: 28970254 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201700602r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Silybin is one of the effective, traditional Chinese medicines used as a hepatoprotective agent in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) therapy worldwide, and the NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome has been recognized as an important factor involved in NAFLD development. However, little is known about the mechanisms of silybin in the regulation of high-fat diet (HFD)-induced liver inflammation. In our study, we found that silybin inhibited endoplasmic reticulum stress and NLRP3 inflammasome activation in the livers of HFD-fed mice and in cultured hepatocytes. Phosphorylation of inositol-requiring enzyme (IRE)1α and eIF2α, expression of thioredoxin-interacting protein and cleaved caspase-1, and release of IL-1β were reduced by silybin. In addition, silybin inhibited the approach of calreticulin and translocase of outer membrane 20 (Tom20), prevented assembly of the NLRP3 inflammasome complex, and suppressed the accumulation of acetylated α-tubulin in the perinuclear region. Both MEC-17 and sirtuin 2 (SIRT2) were influenced by palmitate and silybin, whereas histone deacetylase 6 was not affected. In addition, supplementing NAD+ directly or increasing NAD+ concentration with silybin could maintain the activity of SIRT2. The anti-inflammatory effect of silybin was blocked by SIRT2 silencing or by the SIRT2 inhibitor AGK2, as evidenced by NLRP3/ASC colocalization, AC-α-tubulin expression, and IL-1β release. These findings indicate that the NAD+/SIRT2 pathway is an important mediator through which silybin prevents NLRP3 inflammasome activation during NAFLD.-Zhang, B., Xu, D., She, L., Wang, Z., Yang, N., Sun, R., Zhang, Y., Yan, C., Wei, Q., Aa, J., Liu, B., Wang, G., Xie, Y. Silybin inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome assembly through the NAD+/SIRT2 pathway in mice with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bangling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dan Xu
- Research and Development Center, Nanjing Chia Tai Tianqing Pharmaceutical, Nanjing, China
| | - Linlin She
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Evaluation and Translational Research, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zixia Wang
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Evaluation and Translational Research, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Na Yang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Runbin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yirui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Caixia Yan
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qingli Wei
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiye Aa
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Baolin Liu
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Evaluation and Translational Research, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guangji Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuan Xie
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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Radioprotective effects of Silymarin on the sperm parameters of NMRI mice irradiated with γ-rays. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2017; 178:489-495. [PMID: 29232573 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2017.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 12/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated using various endogenous systems or from external sources such as exposure to different physiochemicals. Ionizing radiation damage to the cell can be caused by the direct or indirect effects of radiotherapy processes. Silymarin (SM), a flavanolignan compound, has been identified as a natural potent antioxidant with cytoprotection activities due to scavenging free radicals. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the radioprotective effect of SM on sperm parameters of mice induced by γ-rays. A total number of 40 adult, male NMRI mice were randomly divided into four equal groups. The control group was neither treated with SM nor irradiated by γ-rays. The second group was only irradiated with 2Gy of γ-rays. The third group was firstly treated with 50mg/kg of SM for 7 consecutive days, and one day later, last injections were irradiated by 2Gy of γ-rays. The fourth groups received only 50mg/kg of SM for 7 consecutive days. All the animals were treated intraperitoneally. Histopathological and morphometrical examinations were performed. The data were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey post hoc test. A value of p<0.05 was considered significant. The results showed that in the radiation-only group when compared with those treated with SM and irradiated, a significant different was observed in testicular parameters and DNA damage (p<0.05). In conclusion, SM can be considered as a promising herbal radioprotective agent in complementary medicine which may play an important role to protect normal spermatocytes against possible effects of γ-radiation-induced cellular damage.
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Akaras N, Bal T, Atilay H, Selli J, Halici MB. Protective effects of agomelatine on testicular damage caused by bortezomib. Biotech Histochem 2017; 92:552-559. [DOI: 10.1080/10520295.2017.1350748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- N Akaras
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine
| | - T Bal
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine
| | - H Atilay
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine
| | - J Selli
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine
| | - MB Halici
- Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
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Immunosuppressants and Male Reproduction. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 1034:179-210. [PMID: 29256132 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-69535-8_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Prolonged use of immunosuppressant medications is occasionally seen in infertile men with chronic inflammatory conditions; autoimmune disorders; or an organ or hematopoietic stem cell transplant. Chronic inflammation impacts negatively on male reproductive endpoints, so immunosuppressant therapy can produce improvements. Corticosteroids have been used to treat antisperm antibodies and even as an empirical treatment for male infertility in general. Trials of these methods have provided mixed results on semen quality and fertility, with improvement, no change and negative effects reported by different investigators. In a substantial number of observational studies, patients on long-term therapy with prednisone for chronic inflammatory disease, testosterone levels were lower compared to untreated controls, though randomized controlled trials have not been conducted. Similarly decreases in testosterone have been reported in men receiving corticosteroids to minimize transplant rejection; however, most were treated with multiple immunosuppressive medications that may have contributed to this effect. A large number of trials of healthy men treated with corticosteroids have shown some disruption in reproductive hormone levels, but other studies reported no effect. Studies in monkeys, rats (at human equivalent dose), cattle, sheep, and horses have shown endocrine disruption, including low testosterone with dexamethasone treatment. Of the cytostatic immunosuppressives, which have high potential for cellular damage, cyclophosphamide has received the most attention, sometimes lowering sperm counts significantly. Methotrexate may decrease sperm numbers in humans and has significant negative impacts in rodents. Other chemotherapeutic drugs used as immunosuppressants are likely to impact negatively on male fertility endpoints, but few data have been collected. The TNF-α Inhibitors have also received little experimental attention. There is some evidence that the immunophilin modulators: cyclosporine, sirolimus, and everolimus cause endocrine disruption and semen quality impairment. As we review in this chapter, results in experimental species are concerning, and well-designed studies are lacking for the effects of these medications on reproductive endpoints in men.
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Protective effects of propolis on methotrexate-induced testis injury in rat. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 79:44-51. [PMID: 27044811 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Revised: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Propolis is an adhesive substance which is collected and used by honeybees. Propolis is a potent antioxidant and a free radical scavenger. This study was designed to determine whether propolis could protect against dysfunction and oxidative stress induced by methotrexate-induced injury in rat testis. A total of 40 male Wistar albino rats were divided into four groups: group 1 was the untreated control. On the eighth day of the experiment, groups 2 and 3 received single intraperitoneal injections of methotrexate (MTX) at 20mg/kg. Groups 3 and 4 received 100mg/kg/day propolis (by oral gavage) for 15 days by the first day of the experimental protocol. Then the rats were decapitated under anesthesia, and their testes were removed. The histopathological and biochemical analysis along with apoptosis assessment of testis tissues were compared. Immunohistochemical analysis of Heat shock protein-70 (HSP-70) and Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen (PCNA) were performed. The phenolic characterization of propolis was performed by Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Methotrexate caused tended to increase in malondialdehyde level and in the number of apoptotic cells; it also caused a decrease in MSTD and JTBS, PCNA and HSP-70 expression and xanthine oxidase levels in group 2. Propolis prevented the rise in malondialdehyde, xanthine oxidase levels and HSP-70 expression and improved testicular morphology and JTBS. It was found that, methorexate gives rise to serious damage in the testes and propolis is a potent antioxidant agent in preventing testicular injury.
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