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Ouassaf M, Daoui O, Alam S, Elkhattabi S, Belaidi S, Chtita S. Pharmacophore-based virtual screening, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics studies for the discovery of novel FLT3 inhibitors. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:7712-7724. [PMID: 36106982 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2123403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
FLT3 is considered a potential target of acute myeloid leukemia therapy. In this study, we applied a computer-aided methodology unifying molecular docking and pharmacophore screening to identify potent inhibitors against FLT3. To investigate the pharmacophore area and binding mechanism of FLT3, the reported co-crystallized Gilteritinib ligand was docked into the active site using Glide XP. Based on the docking results, we identified structure-based pharmacophore characteristics resistant to potent FLT3 inhibitors. The best hypothesis was corroborated using test and decoy sets, and the verified hypo was utilized to screen the chemical database. The hits from the pharmacophore-based screening were then screened again using a structure-based method that included molecular docking at various precisions; the selected molecules were further examined and refined using drug-like filters and ADMET analysis. Finally, two hits were picked out for molecular dynamic simulation. The results showed two hits were expected to have potent inhibitory activity and excellent ADMET characteristics, and they might be used as new leads in the development of FLT3 inhibitors.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mebarka Ouassaf
- Group of Computational and Medicinal Chemistry, LMCE Laboratory, University of Biskra, Biskra, Algeria
| | - Ossama Daoui
- Laboratory of Engineering, Systems, and Applications, National School of Applied Sciences, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah-Fez University, Fez, Morocco
| | - Sarfaraz Alam
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterlo, Waterloo, Canada
| | - Souad Elkhattabi
- Laboratory of Engineering, Systems, and Applications, National School of Applied Sciences, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah-Fez University, Fez, Morocco
| | - Salah Belaidi
- Group of Computational and Medicinal Chemistry, LMCE Laboratory, University of Biskra, Biskra, Algeria
| | - Samir Chtita
- Laboratory of Analytical and Molecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences Ben M'Sik, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco
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Crocin Promotes Apoptosis in Human EBV-Transformed B-Lymphocyte via Intrinsic Pathway. Mediterr J Hematol Infect Dis 2021; 13:e2021049. [PMID: 34276918 PMCID: PMC8265378 DOI: 10.4084/mjhid.2021.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background As a major carotenoid in saffron, crocin demonstrates potent anti-cancer impacts. However, its anti-lymphoma effects remain vague, especially in the human EBV-associated B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders. This study examined crocin's apoptogenic potential and its underlying mechanism in CO 88BV59-1 cell line vs. normal human peripheral blood B cells. Methods CO 88BV59-1 cells were treated with crocin alone or in combination with vincristine for up to 72 h. The cell viability was examined using a resazurin assay. Flow cytometry using annexin V and propidium iodide labeling was performed to detect apoptotic cells. Also, the expression levels of genes and proteins involved in apoptosis (CASP3, CASP8, CASP9, P53, Bax, and Bcl-2) were respectively determined via real-time PCR and Western blot analysis. Results Crocin concentration-dependently reduced cell viability in CO 88BV59-1 cells with no significant toxicity toward normal B cells. Similar to vincristine, crocin significantly increased apoptosis in these cells during 72 h of incubation. Furthermore, the combination of crocin (80 μM) and vincristine (1 μM) enhanced apoptosis in CO 88BV59-1 cells. Therefore, this synergistic effect was detected in human EBV-transformed B-lymphocyte. CASP3, CASP9, P53, and Bax/Bcl-2 ratio expressions were significantly raised in CO 88BV59-1 cells, whereas CASP8 was unaltered. It was proposed that crocin promoted apoptosis in CO 88BV59-1 cells in a time- and concentration-dependent manner via the induction of the intrinsic pathway. Conclusion The results suggest that crocin may serve as a good alternative/coadjuvant to vincristine in EBV-associated B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders.
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Jokar MH, Sedighi S, Moradzadeh M. A comparative study of anti-leukemic effects of kaempferol and epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) on human leukemia HL-60 cells. AVICENNA JOURNAL OF PHYTOMEDICINE 2021; 11:314-323. [PMID: 34290963 PMCID: PMC8264220 DOI: 10.22038/ajp.2021.17604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is among the most threatening hematological malignant cancers. Defects in cell growth and apoptotic pathways lead to the pathogenesis of the disease as well as its resistance to therapy; therefore, it is a good model for examining pro-apoptotic agents. The present study compared the molecular mechanism induced by kaempferol and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) as well as all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), in HL-60 leukemia cells during five days. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cell viability was determined by resazurin assay following treatment with ATRA (10 µM), EGCG, and kaempferol (12.5-100 µM), and apoptosis was detected by the ANX V/PI kit. Moreover, the levels of genes involved in apoptosis (PI3K, AKT, BCL2, BAX, P21, PTEN, CASP3, CASP8, and CASP9) and multi-drug resistance (MDR, ABCB1 and ABCC1) were assessed by using real-time PCR test. RESULTS Based on the findings, kaempferol decreased cell viability and increased apoptosis in HL60 cells more than EGCG. Apoptosis was induced via extrinsic and intrinsic pathways in HL60 cells by kaempferol and EGCG. In addition, kaempferol and EGCG increased apoptosis and inhibited MDR in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. CONCLUSION Kaempferol at high concentrations can be taken into consideration for treating patients with APL as compared with EGCG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hassan Jokar
- Golestan Rheumatology Research Center, Sayad Shirazi Hospital, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
- Equal first author
| | - Sima Sedighi
- Golestan Rheumatology Research Center, Sayad Shirazi Hospital, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
- Equal first author
| | - Maliheh Moradzadeh
- Golestan Rheumatology Research Center, Sayad Shirazi Hospital, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
- Corresponding Author: Tel: +981732239791, Fax: +981732239791,
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4
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Bhujbal SP, Keretsu S, Cho SJ. Design of New Therapeutic Agents Targeting FLT3 Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Using Molecular Docking and 3D-QSAR Approach. LETT DRUG DES DISCOV 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1570180816666190618104632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
FMS-like tyrosine kinase-3 (FLT3) belongs to the class III Receptor
Tyrosine Kinase (RTK) family. FLT3 is involved in normal hematopoiesis and is generally
expressed in early hematopoietic progenitor cells. Mutations either with an internal tandem
duplication of FMS-like tyrosine kinase-3 (FLT3-ITD) or point mutation at the activation loop leads
to the Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML), a highly heterogeneous disease. Thus, FLT3 is an important
therapeutic target for AML.
Method:
In the present work, docking and 3D-QSAR techniques were performed on a series of
diaminopyrimidine derivatives as FLT3 kinase antagonists.
Results:
Docking study recognized important active site residues such as Leu616, Gly617, Val624,
Ala642, Phe830, Tyr693, Cys694, Cys695, Tyr696 and Gly697 that participate in the inhibition of
FLT3 kinase. Receptor-based CoMFA, RF-CoMFA and CoMSIA models were developed. RFCoMFA
model revealed relatively better statistical results compared to other models. Furthermore,
the selected RF-CoMFA model was evaluated using various validation techniques. Contour maps of
the RF-CoMFA illustrated that steric and electronegative substitutions were favored at R1 position
whereas steric and electropositive substitutions were favored at R2 position to enhance the potency.
Conclusion:
Based on the designed strategy, we derived from the contour map analysis, 14 novel
FLT3 inhibitors were designed and their activities were predicted. These designed inhibitors
exhibited more potent activity than the most active compounds of the dataset.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Seketoulie Keretsu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju 501-759, Korea
| | - Seung Joo Cho
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju 501-759, Korea
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5
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Chellapandian D, Nicholson CL. Haploidentical bone marrow transplantation in a patient with sickle cell disease and acute myeloid leukemia. Pediatr Transplant 2020; 24:e13641. [PMID: 31880407 DOI: 10.1111/petr.13641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Myeloid neoplasms in children with sickle cell disease have been rarely reported, and the exact underlying connection between these two conditions is not clearly understood. Whether the acute myeloid leukemia in hydroxyurea-treated sickle cell patients is co-incidental or related to therapy remains an unanswered question. Herein, we report a 14-year-old girl of Haitian descent with sickle beta zero thalassemia on chronic hydroxyurea therapy who developed FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3)-mutated acute myeloid leukemia and underwent a complete disease remission following a combination chemotherapy with sorafenib and was subsequently treated using a T cell replete unmanipulated haploidentical bone marrow transplantation followed by post-transplant cyclophosphamide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Chellapandian
- Blood and Marrow Transplant Program, Cancer and Blood Disorder Institute, Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, St Petersburg, Florida
| | - Cameron L Nicholson
- Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Golisano Children's Hospital of Southwest Florida, Fort Myers, Florida
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Rheum turkestanicum Induced Apoptosis Through ROS Without a Differential Effect on Human Leukemic Cells. Jundishapur J Nat Pharm Prod 2019. [DOI: 10.5812/jjnpp.12198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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7
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Qi B, Xu X, Yang Y, Zhou Y, Chen T, Gong G, Yue X, Xu X, Hu L, He H. Discovery of thiazolidin-4-one urea analogues as novel multikinase inhibitors that potently inhibit FLT3 and VEGFR2. Bioorg Med Chem 2019; 27:2127-2139. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2019.03.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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8
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Moghimi Benhangi H, Ahmadi S, Hakimi M, Molafilabi A, Faraji H, Mashkani B. Protective effects of isatin and its synthetic derivatives against iron, copper and lead toxicity. Toxicol In Vitro 2019; 54:232-236. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2018.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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9
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Moradzadeh M, Ghorbani A, Erfanian S, Mohaddes ST, Rahimi H, Karimiani EG, Mashkani B, Chiang SC, El-Khamisy SF, Tabarraei A, Sadeghnia HR. Study of the mechanisms of crocetin-induced differentiation and apoptosis in human acute promyelocytic leukemia cells. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:1943-1957. [PMID: 30203596 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Crocetin, the major carotenoid in saffron, exhibits potent anticancer effects. However, the antileukemic effects of crocetin are still unclear, especially in primary acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) cells. In the current study, the potential antipromyelocytic leukemia activity of crocetin and the underlying molecular mechanisms were investigated. Crocetin (100 µM), like standard anti-APL drugs, all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA, 10 µM) and As2 O 3 (arsenic trioxide, 50 µM), significantly inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis in primary APL cells, as well as NB4 and HL60 cells. The effect was associated with the decreased expressions of prosurvival genes Akt and BCL2, the multidrug resistance (MDR) proteins, ABCB1 and ABCC1 and the inhibition of tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase 1 (TDP1), while the expressions of proapoptotic genes CASP3, CASP9, and BAX/BCL2 ratio were significantly increased. In contrast, crocetin at relatively low concentration (10 µM), like ATRA (1 µM) and As 2 O 3 (0.5 µM), induced differentiation of leukemic cells toward granulocytic pattern, and increased the number of differentiated cells expressing CD11b and CD14, while the number of the immature cells expressing CD34 or CD33 was decreased. Furthermore, crocetin suppressed the expression of clinical marker promyelocytic leukemia/retinoic acid receptor-α ( PML/RARα) in NB4 and primary APL cells, and reduced the expression of histone deacetylase 1 ( HDAC1) in all leukemic cells. The results suggested that crocetin can be considered as a candidate for future preclinical and clinical trials of complementary APL treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maliheh Moradzadeh
- Golestan Rheumatology Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
- Department of New Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ahmad Ghorbani
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Saiedeh Erfanian
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Tahereh Mohaddes
- Internal Medicine Department, Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hossein Rahimi
- Internal Medicine Department, Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Baratali Mashkani
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Shih-Chieh Chiang
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Krebs and Sheffield Institute of Nucleic Acids, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Sherif F El-Khamisy
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Krebs and Sheffield Institute of Nucleic Acids, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Alijan Tabarraei
- Infectious Diseases Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Sadeghnia
- Department of New Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Division of Neurocognitive Sciences, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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10
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Sobhanifar MA, Mashkani B, Saadatmandzadeh M, Sadeghnia HR, Mousavi SH. Induction of cytotoxicity and apoptosis in FLT3 mutant expressing cells using novel pyrimido cyanoacrylates and quinoline derivatives. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 108:893-905. [PMID: 30372901 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aberrant activation of FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) is associated with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Leukemic cells expressing constitutively active FLT3 mutants are resistance to the current cancer therapies (radiotherapy and chemotherapy); hence, there is an increased interest to identify new agents for the treatment of AML. The main aim of this study was evaluating cytotoxic effects of novel pyrimidocyanoacrylates and quinoline derivatives on FLT3 overexpressing cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS Five novel pyrimidocyanoacrylates & 2-chloro 3-carbaldehyde quinolone derivative compounds, E1QAC1, E1QAC2, E1QAC3, E1QAC4, and E1QAC5 were designed and synthesized at the Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ferdowsi University, Mashhad, Iran. FDC-P1 cells expressing human wild-type FLT3 (FD-FLT3-WT) and internal tandem duplication (ITD) mutants (FD-FLT3-ITD) used in this study. The cells maintained in DMEM medium supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum (FCS) and murine granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (mGM-CSF). Potency for induction of cytotoxicity (IC50 value) and apoptosis was determined after treating the cells with concentration of the compounds by resazurin assay. Bax and Bcl2 activation status was also investigated by Western blot analysis. RESULTS All the compounds had concentration-dependent effects on inhibition of cell proliferation and induction of apoptosis in both cell lines. E1QAC4 was the most potent compound for inhibition of cell proliferation (with IC50 value of 19 μM) and apoptosis induction in the FLT3-WT cells. However, FD-FLT3-ITD cells were nearly five-times more resistant to all the compounds (except than E1QAC2) that the FLT3-WT expressing cells. Western blotting results also showed that FD-FLT3-ITD cells had lower levels of Bax and higher levels of Bcl2 than the FD-FLT3-WT cells. CONCLUSION The five novel heterocyclic compounds (E1QAC1-5) had cytotoxic effects and induced apoptosis in FD-FLT3 cells. Therefore, it is worthwhile to consider them as potential lead compound for development of new therapeutic agents for AML patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad-Ali Sobhanifar
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Baratali Mashkani
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Hamid Reza Sadeghnia
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Hadi Mousavi
- Medical Toxicology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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11
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Bharate JB, McConnell N, Naresh G, Zhang L, Lakkaniga NR, Ding L, Shah NP, Frett B, Li HY. Rational Design, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Pyrimidine-4,6-diamine derivatives as Type-II inhibitors of FLT3 Selective Against c-KIT. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3722. [PMID: 29487300 PMCID: PMC5829162 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21839-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
FMS-like Tyrosine Kinase 3 (FLT3) is a clinically validated target for acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Inhibitors targeting FLT3 have been evaluated in clinical studies and have exhibited potential to treat FLT3-driven AML. A frequent, clinical limitation is FLT3 selectivity, as concomitant inhibition of FLT3 and c-KIT is thought to cause dose-limiting myelosuppression. Through a rational design approach, novel FLT3 inhibitors were synthesized employing a pyridine/pyrimidine warhead. The most potent compound identified from the studies is compound 13a, which exhibited an IC50 value of 13.9 ± 6.5 nM against the FLT3 kinase with high selectivity over c-KIT. Mechanism of action studies suggested that 13a is a Type-II kinase inhibitor, which was also supported through computer aided drug discovery (CADD) efforts. Cell-based assays identified that 13a was potent on a variety of FLT3-driven cell lines with clinical relevance. We report herein the discovery and therapeutic evaluation of 4,6-diamino pyrimidine-based Type-II FLT3 inhibitors, which can serve as a FLT3-selective scaffold for further clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaideep B Bharate
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, 72205, USA
| | - Nicholas McConnell
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, 72205, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Gunaganti Naresh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, 72205, USA
| | - Lingtian Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, 72205, USA
| | - Naga Rajiv Lakkaniga
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, 72205, USA
| | - Lucky Ding
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Neil P Shah
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.,Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94115, USA
| | - Brendan Frett
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, 72205, USA
| | - Hong-Yu Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, 72205, USA.
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12
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Moradzadeh M, Roustazadeh A, Tabarraei A, Erfanian S, Sahebkar A. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate enhances differentiation of acute promyelocytic leukemia cells via inhibition of PML-RARα and HDAC1. Phytother Res 2017; 32:471-479. [PMID: 29193405 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The use of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) has dramatically improved the treatment and survival rate of patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). However, toxicity and resistance to this drug are major problems in the treatment of APL with ATRA. Earlier studies have suggested that the green tea polyphenol epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) induces cell death in hematopoietic neoplasms without adversely affecting normal cells. In the present study, the potential therapeutic effect of EGCG in APL and the underlying molecular mechanisms were investigated. EGCG (100 μM) significantly inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis in HL-60 and NB4 cells. This effect was associated with decreased expressions of multidrug resistance proteins ABCB1, and ABCC1, whereas the expressions of pro-apoptotic genes CASP3, CASP8, p21, and Bax/Bcl-2 ratio were significantly increased. EGCG, at 25 μM concentration, induced differentiation of leukemic cells towards granulocytic pattern in a similar manner to that observed for ATRA (1 μM). Furthermore, EGCG suppressed the expression of clinical marker PML/RARα in NB4 cells and reduced the expression of HDAC1 in leukemic cells. In conclusion, the results suggested that EGCG can be considered as a potential treatment for APL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maliheh Moradzadeh
- Golestan Rheumatology Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Abazar Roustazadeh
- Research Center for Non-Communicable Diseases and Biochemistry Department, Department of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, School of Medicine, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences (JUMS), Jahrom, Iran
| | - Alijan Tabarraei
- Infectious Diseases Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Saiedeh Erfanian
- Research Center for Non-Communicable Diseases and Biochemistry Department, Department of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, School of Medicine, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences (JUMS), Jahrom, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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13
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Moradzadeh M, Tabarraei A, Sadeghnia HR, Ghorbani A, Mohamadkhani A, Erfanian S, Sahebkar A. Kaempferol increases apoptosis in human acute promyelocytic leukemia cells and inhibits multidrug resistance genes. J Cell Biochem 2017; 119:2288-2297. [PMID: 28865123 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is one of the most life-threatening hematological malignancies. Defects in the cell growth and apoptotic pathways are responsible for both disease pathogenesis and treatment resistance. Therefore, pro-apoptotic agents are potential candidates for APL treatment. Kaempferol is a flavonoid with antioxidant and anti-tumor properties. This study was designed to investigate the cytotoxic, pro-apoptotic, and differentiation-inducing effects of kaempferol on HL-60 and NB4 leukemia cells. Resazurin assay was used to determine cell viability following treatment with kaempferol (12.5-100 μM) and all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA; 10 μM; used as a positive control). Apoptosis and differentiation were also detected using propidium iodide and NBT staining techniques, respectively. Furthermore, the expression levels of genes involved in apoptosis (PI3 K, AKT, BCL2, BAX, p53, p21, PTEN, CASP3, CASP8, and CASP9), differentiation (PML-RAR and HDAC1), and multi-drug resistance (ABCB1 and ABCC1) were determined using quantitative real-time PCR. The protein expressions of Bax/Bcl2 and casp3 were confirmed using Western blot. The results showed that kaempferol decreased cell viability and increased subG1 population in the tested leukemic cells. This effect was associated with decreased expression of Akt, BCL2, ABCB1, and ABCC1 genes, while the expression of CASP3 and BAX/BCL-2 ratio were significantly increased at both gene and protein levels. Kaempferol promoted apoptosis and inhibited multidrug resistance in a concentration-dependent manner, without any differential effect on leukemic cells. In conclusion, this study suggested that kaempferol may be utilized as an appropriate alternative for ATRA in APL patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maliheh Moradzadeh
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of New Sciences and Technology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Alijan Tabarraei
- Infectious Diseases Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Sadeghnia
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of New Sciences and Technology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Faculty of Medicine, Neurocognitive Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ahmad Ghorbani
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ashraf Mohamadkhani
- Liver and Pancreatobiliary Diseases Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saiedeh Erfanian
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Metabolic Research Centre, Royal Perth Hospital, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
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14
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Friedman R. The molecular mechanism behind resistance of the kinase FLT3 to the inhibitor quizartinib. Proteins 2017; 85:2143-2152. [PMID: 28799176 DOI: 10.1002/prot.25368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) is a receptor tyrosine kinase that is a drug target for leukemias. Several potent inhibitors of FLT3 exist, and bind to the inactive form of the enzyme. Unfortunately, resistance due to mutations in the kinase domain of FLT3 limits the therapeutic effects of these inhibitors. As in many other cases, it is not straightforward to explain why certain mutations lead to drug resistance. Extensive fully atomistic molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of FLT3 were carried out with an inhibited form (FLT-quizartinib complex), a free (apo) form, and an active conformation. In all cases, both the wild type (wt) proteins and two resistant mutants (D835F and Y842H) were studied. Analysis of the simulations revealed that impairment of protein-drug interactions cannot explain the resistance mutations in question. Rather, it appears that the active state of the mutant forms is perturbed by the mutations. It is therefore likely that perturbation of deactivation of the protein (which is necessary for drug binding) is responsible for the reduced affinity of the drug to the mutants. Importantly, this study suggests that it is possible to explain the source of resistance by mutations in FLT3 by an analysis of unbiased MD simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Friedman
- Department of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Linnaeus University, 39 182 Kalmar, Sweden.,Centre of Excellence "Biomaterials Chemistry", Linnaeus University, 39 182 Kalmar, Sweden
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Karimi E, Faraji H, Hamidi Alamdari D, Souktanloo M, Mojarrad M, Ashman LK, Mashkani B. Overexpression of functional human FLT3 ligand in Pichia pastoris. APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s000368381704007x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Madadi N, Ghasemi F, Soukhtanlo M, Mojarad M, Avval FZ, Mashkani B. Expression of Mouse Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor (GM-CSF) in Pichia pastoris. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.3923/biotech.2017.174.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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