1
|
Tan Y, Xu M, Lin D. Review of research progress on intestinal microbiota based on metabolism and inflammation for depression. Arch Microbiol 2024; 206:146. [PMID: 38462572 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-024-03866-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Depression is a prevalent mental illness, affecting a significant portion of the global population. Recent research has highlighted the crucial role of the gut microbiota in both metabolic and central nervous health. By reviewing literature from various databases, including Pubmed, Science Direct, Web of Science, and Scopus, spanning the years 2005-2023, a comprehensive search was conducted using keywords such as "Depression" and "Gut Microbiota". The gut microbiota acts as a "second brain" in humans and can communicate bidirectionally with the brain through the Brain-gut-microbiota axis pathway. This communication involves the immune and nervous systems. However, there are challenges in detecting and treating depression effectively. To address these limitations, researchers have been exploring the relationship between gut microbiota and depression. Studies have shown that gut microbial metabolites, such as lipopolysaccharides and short-chain fatty acids, can induce pro-inflammatory cytokines that contribute to neuroinflammation and increase the risk of depression. The kynurenine pathway, triggered by gut microbial metabolites, has also been associated with neuroinflammation. Thus, investigating these microbial metabolites can provide insights into depression treatment. This review focuses on analyzing the connection between gut microbial metabolites, inflammation, and depression. It explores novel mechanisms contributing to depression, specifically focusing on the mediation of inflammation through the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. The objective is to provide valuable insights into the mechanisms underlying depression and to propose potential treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunxiang Tan
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
- Faculty of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Danzhou, 571700, Hainan, China
| | - Mengyu Xu
- Faculty of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Danzhou, 571700, Hainan, China
| | - Deng Lin
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China.
- Greater Bay Area Institute of Precision Medicine, Guangzhou, 511466, Guangdong, China.
- Beijing Research Center for Chinese Classic Science and Technology, Beijing, 102425, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Palepu MSK, Gajula SNR, K M, Sonti R, Dandekar MP. SCFAs Supplementation Rescues Anxiety- and Depression-like Phenotypes Generated by Fecal Engraftment of Treatment-Resistant Depression Rats. ACS Chem Neurosci 2024; 15:1010-1025. [PMID: 38382546 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Alteration of gut microbiota and microbial metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) coexisted with stress-generated brain disorders, including depression. Herein, we investigated the effect of SCFAs in a treatment-resistant depression (TRD) model of rat. Rats were exposed to chronic-unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) and repeated adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) injections to generate a TRD-like phenotype. The cecal contents of these animals were engrafted into healthy-recipient rats and allowed to colonize for 4 weeks (TRD-FMT group). Blood, brain, colon, fecal, and cecal samples were collected for molecular studies. Rats exposed to CUMS + ACTH showed TRD-like phenotypes in sucrose-preference (SPT), forced swim (FST), and elevated plus maze (EPM) tests. The TRD-FMT group also exhibited anxiety- and depression-like behaviors. Administration of SCFAs (acetate, propionate, and butyrate at 67.5, 25, and 40 mM, respectively) for 7 days exerted robust antidepressant and antianxiety effects by restoring the levels of SCFAs in plasma and fecal samples, and proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-6), serotonin, GABA, norepinephrine, and dopamine in the hippocampus and/or frontal cortex of TRD and TRD-FMT animals. SCFAs treatment elevated the expression of free-fatty acid receptors 2/3, BDNF, doublecortin, and zonula-occludens, and reduced the elevated plasma levels of kynurenine and quinolinic acid and increased mucus-producing goblet cells in TRD and TRD-FMT animals. In 16S sequencing results, decreased microbial diversity in TRD rats corresponds with differences in the genus of Faecalibacterium, Anaerostipes, Allobaculum, Blautia, Peptococcus, Rombustia, Ruminococcaceae_UCG-014, Ruminococcaceae_UCG-002, Solobacterium, Subdolibacterium, and Eubacterium ventriosum. SCFAs may impart beneficial effects via modulation of tryptophan metabolism, inflammation, neurotransmitters, and microbiota-gut-brain axis in TRD rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mani Surya Kumar Palepu
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana 500037, India
| | - Siva Nageswara Rao Gajula
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500037, India
| | - Malleshwari K
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana 500037, India
| | - Rajesh Sonti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500037, India
| | - Manoj P Dandekar
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana 500037, India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hao W, Ma Q, Wang L, Yuan N, Gan H, He L, Li X, Huang J, Chen J. Gut dysbiosis induces the development of depression-like behavior through abnormal synapse pruning in microglia-mediated by complement C3. MICROBIOME 2024; 12:34. [PMID: 38378622 PMCID: PMC10877840 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-024-01756-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Remodeling eubiosis of the gut microenvironment may contribute to preventing the occurrence and development of depression. Mounting experimental evidence has shown that complement C3 signaling is associated with the pathogenesis of depression, and disruption of the gut microbiota may be an underlying cause of complement system activation. However, the mechanism by which complement C3 participates in gut-brain crosstalk in the pathogenesis of depression remains unknown. RESULTS In the present study, we found that chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS)-induced mice exhibited obvious depression-like behavior as well as cognitive impairment, which was associated with significant gut dysbiosis, especially enrichment of Proteobacteria and elevation of microbiota-derived lipopolysaccharides (LPS). In addition, peripheral and central complement C3 activation and central C3/CR3-mediated aberrant synaptic pruning in microglia have also been observed. Transplantation of gut microbiota from CUMS-induced depression model mice into specific pathogen-free and germ-free mice induced depression-like behavior and concomitant cognitive impairment in the recipient mice, accompanied by increased activation of the complement C3/CR3 pathway in the prefrontal cortex and abnormalities in microglia-mediated synaptic pruning. Conversely, antidepressants and fecal microbiota transplantation from antidepressant-treated donors improved depression-like behaviors and restored gut microbiome disturbances in depressed mice. Concurrently, inhibition of the complement C3/CR3 pathway, amelioration of abnormal microglia-mediated synaptic pruning, and increased expression of the synapsin and postsynaptic density protein 95 were observed. Collectively, our results revealed that gut dysbiosis induces the development of depression-like behaviors through abnormal synapse pruning in microglia-mediated by complement C3, and the inhibition of abnormal synaptic pruning is the key to targeting microbes to treat depression. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide novel insights into the involvement of complement C3/CR3 signaling and aberrant synaptic pruning of chemotactic microglia in gut-brain crosstalk in the pathogenesis of depression. Video Abstract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhi Hao
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Formula-Pattern of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingyu Ma
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Formula-Pattern of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Formula-Pattern of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Naijun Yuan
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Formula-Pattern of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hua Gan
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Formula-Pattern of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liangliang He
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Formula-Pattern of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojuan Li
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Formula-Pattern of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Junqing Huang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Formula-Pattern of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Jiaxu Chen
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Formula-Pattern of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Pasam T, Dandekar MP. Fecal microbiota transplantation unveils sex-specific differences in a controlled cortical impact injury mouse model. Front Microbiol 2024; 14:1336537. [PMID: 38410824 PMCID: PMC10894955 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1336537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Contusion type of traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of locomotor disability and mortality worldwide. While post-TBI deleterious consequences are influenced by gender and gut dysbiosis, the sex-specific importance of commensal gut microbiota is underexplored after TBI. In this study, we investigated the impact of controlled cortical impact (CCI) injury on gut microbiota signature in a sex-specific manner in mice. Methods We depleted the gut microflora of male and female C57BL/6 mice using antibiotic treatment. Thereafter, male mice were colonized by the gut microbiota of female mice and vice versa, employing the fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) method. CCI surgery was executed using a stereotaxic impactor (Impact One™). For the 16S rRNA gene amplicon study, fecal boli of mice were collected at 3 days post-CCI (dpi). Results and discussion CCI-operated male and female mice exhibited a significant alteration in the genera of Akkermansia, Alistipes, Bacteroides, Clostridium, Lactobacillus, Prevotella, and Ruminococcus. At the species level, less abundance of Lactobacillus helveticus and Lactobacillus hamsteri was observed in female mice, implicating the importance of sex-specific bacteriotherapy in CCI-induced neurological deficits. FMT from female donor mice to male mice displayed an increase in genera of Alistipes, Lactobacillus, and Ruminococcus and species of Bacteroides acidifaciens and Ruminococcus gnavus. Female FMT-recipient mice from male donors showed an upsurge in the genus Lactobacillus and species of Lactobacillus helveticus, Lactobacillus hamsteri, and Prevotella copri. These results suggest that the post-CCI neurological complications may be influenced by the differential gut microbiota perturbation in male and female mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Manoj P. Dandekar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Negi A, Pasam T, Farqadain SM, Mahalaxmi Y, Dandekar MP. In-vitro and preclinical testing of bacillus subtilis UBBS-14 probiotic in rats shows no toxicity. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2024; 13:tfae021. [PMID: 38406637 PMCID: PMC10891425 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfae021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Probiotics made from Bacillus subtilis provide a wide spread of health benefits, particularly in the treatment of diarrhea and gastrointestinal problems. Herein, we employed in vitro and in vivo paradigms to assess the potential adverse effects and toxicity of B. subtilis UBBS-14. Materials and methods According to Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) 423 and 407 requirements, a preclinical investigation was conducted in male and female Sprague-Dawley rats. Acute toxicity was examined following a single peroral (PO) administration of 5,000 mg/kg body weight (bw) i.e. equivalent to 500 billion colony-forming units (CFU) per kg bw. Single administration of B. subtilis UBBS-14 showed no mortality or adverse effects until the 14-day observation period, indicating LD50 is >5,000 mg/kg bw. Results Incubation of B. subtilis UBBS-14 with Caco2, HT29, and Raw 264.7 cell lines, showed no cytotoxic effects. This probiotic strain was also found responsive to the majority of antibiotics. For a 28-day repeated dose toxicity study, rats were administered 100, 500, and 1,000 mg/kg bw daily once (10, 50, and 100 billion CFU/kg bw/day, respectively) doses of B. subtilis UBBS-14. No notable changes were seen in the morphology, weight, and histopathology of the critical internal organs. The haematological, biochemical, electrolyte (sodium, potassium, chloride, and calcium), and urine analytical results were within the normal range and equivalent to the vehicle-treated group. Conclusion B. subtilis UBBS-14's no-observed-effect level (NOEL) was thus determined to be >1,000 mg/kg bw/day following a 28-day oral dosing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Negi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), NH 9, Balanagar Main Rd, Kukatpally Industrial Estate, Balanagar, Hyderabad, Telangana 500037, India
| | - Tulasi Pasam
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), NH 9, Balanagar Main Rd, Kukatpally Industrial Estate, Balanagar, Hyderabad, Telangana 500037, India
| | - Syed Muhammad Farqadain
- Unique Biotech Limited, Centre for Research and Development, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500 101, India
| | - Y Mahalaxmi
- Unique Biotech Limited, Centre for Research and Development, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500 101, India
| | - Manoj P Dandekar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), NH 9, Balanagar Main Rd, Kukatpally Industrial Estate, Balanagar, Hyderabad, Telangana 500037, India
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Sah RK, Nandan A, Kv A, S P, S S, Jose A, Venkidasamy B, Nile SH. Decoding the role of the gut microbiome in gut-brain axis, stress-resilience, or stress-susceptibility: A review. Asian J Psychiatr 2024; 91:103861. [PMID: 38134565 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2023.103861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Increased exposure to stress is associated with stress-related disorders, including depression, anxiety, and neurodegenerative conditions. However, susceptibility to stress is not seen in every individual exposed to stress, and many of them exhibit resilience. Thus, developing resilience to stress could be a big breakthrough in stress-related disorders, with the potential to replace or act as an alternative to the available therapies. In this article, we have focused on the recent advancements in gut microbiome research and the potential role of the gut-brain axis (GBA) in developing resilience or susceptibility to stress. There might be a complex interaction between the autonomic nervous system (ANS), immune system, endocrine system, microbial metabolites, and bioactive lipids like short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), neurotransmitters, and their metabolites that regulates the communication between the gut microbiota and the brain. High fiber intake, prebiotics, probiotics, plant supplements, and fecal microbiome transplant (FMT) could be beneficial against gut dysbiosis-associated brain disorders. These could promote the growth of SCFA-producing bacteria, thereby enhancing the gut barrier and reducing the gut inflammatory response, increase the expression of the claudin-2 protein associated with the gut barrier, and maintain the blood-brain barrier integrity by promoting the expression of tight junction proteins such as claudin-5. Their neuroprotective effects might also be related to enhancing the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and glucagon-like peptide (GLP-1). Further investigations are needed in the field of the gut microbiome for the elucidation of the mechanisms by which gut dysbiosis contributes to the pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ranjay Kumar Sah
- Department of Pharmacology, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi 682 041, Kerala, India
| | - Amritasree Nandan
- Department of Pharmacology, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi 682 041, Kerala, India
| | - Athira Kv
- Department of Pharmacology, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi 682 041, Kerala, India.
| | - Prashant S
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi 682 041, Kerala, India
| | - Sathianarayanan S
- NITTE (Deemed to be University), NGSM Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Mangalore, India
| | - Asha Jose
- JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and research, Ooty 643001, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Baskar Venkidasamy
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai 600 077, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Shivraj Hariram Nile
- Division of Food and Nutritional Biotechnology, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Sector-81, Mohali 140306, Punjab, India.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Mrozek W, Socha J, Sidorowicz K, Skrok A, Syrytczyk A, Piątkowska-Chmiel I, Herbet M. Pathogenesis and treatment of depression: Role of diet in prevention and therapy. Nutrition 2023; 115:112143. [PMID: 37562078 PMCID: PMC10299949 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2023.112143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, there has been a significant increase in depression, which is related to, among other things, the COVID-19 pandemic. Depression can be fatal if not treated or if treated inappropriately. Depression is the leading cause of suicide attempts. The disease is multifactorial, and pharmacotherapy often fails to bring satisfactory results. Therefore, increasingly more importance is attached to the natural healing substances and nutrients in food, which can significantly affect the therapy process and prevention of depressive disorders. A proper diet is vital to preventing depression and can be a valuable addition to psychological and pharmacologic treatment. An inadequate diet may reduce the effectiveness of antidepressants or increase their side effects, leading to life-threatening symptoms. This study aimed to review the literature on the pathogenesis of the development and treatment of depression, with particular emphasis on dietary supplements and the role of nutrition in the prevention and treatment of depressive disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weronika Mrozek
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Justyna Socha
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Klara Sidorowicz
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Skrok
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Syrytczyk
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | | | - Mariola Herbet
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kamble SR, Dandekar MP. Implication of microbiota gut-brain axis in the manifestation of obsessive-compulsive disorder: Preclinical and clinical evidence. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 957:176014. [PMID: 37619786 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.176014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Recent research has highlighted the key role of gut microbiota in the development of psychiatric disorders. The adverse impact of stress, anxiety, and depression has been well documented on the commensal gut microflora. Thus, therapeutic benefits of gut microbiota-based interventions may not be avoided in central nervous system (CNS) disorders. In this review, we outline the current state of knowledge of gut microbiota with respect to obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). We discuss how OCD-generated changes corresponding to the key neurotransmitters, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, and immunological and inflammatory pathways are connected with the modifications of the microbiota-gut-brain axis. Notably, administration of few probiotics such as Lactobacillus rhamnosus (ATCC 53103), Lactobacillus helveticus R0052, Bifidobacterium longum R0175, Saccharomyces boulardii, and Lactobacillus casei Shirota imparted positive effects in the management of OCD symptoms. Taken together, we suggest that the gut microbiota-directed therapeutics may open new treatment approaches for the management of OCD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sonali R Kamble
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Manoj P Dandekar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhang Y, Sun Y, Liu Y, Liu J, Sun J, Liu X, Fan B, Lu C, Wang F. Polygonum sibiricum polysaccharides exert the antidepressant-like effects in chronic unpredictable mild stress-induced depressive mice by modulating microbiota-gut-brain axis. Phytother Res 2023; 37:3408-3423. [PMID: 36996849 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
Polygonum sibiricum polysaccharides (PSP) are one of the main active components of Polygonatum sibiricum, which is a traditional Chinese medicine with food and drug homologies. Recent studies have revealed the antidepressant-like effects of PSP. However, the precise mechanisms have not been clarified. Therefore, the present study was conducted to explore that whether PSP could exert the antidepressant-like effects via microbiota-gut-brain (MGB) axis in chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS)-induced depressive mice by transplantation of fecal microbiota (FMT) from PSP administration mice. FMT markedly reversed the depressive-like behaviors of CUMS-induced mice in the open field, the sucrose preference, the tail suspension, the forced swimming, and the novelty-suppressed feeding tests. FMT significantly increased the levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine and norepinephrine, decreased the levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines in the hippocampus and reduced the levels of corticosterone, an adrenocorticotropic-hormone, in the serum of CUMS-induced mice. In addition, administration of PSP and FMT significantly increased the expressions of ZO-1 and occludin in the colon and decreased the levels of lipopolysaccharide and interferon-γ in the serum of CUMS-induced mice. Moreover, administration of PSP and FMT regulated the signaling pathways of PI3K/AKT/TLR4/NF-κB and ERK/CREB/BDNF. Taken together, these findings indicated that PSP exerted antidepressant-like effects via the MGB axis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingyu Zhang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yuan Sun
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, 100193, China
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Yupei Liu
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jiameng Liu
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jing Sun
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xinmin Liu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) and Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Bei Fan
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Cong Lu
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Fengzhong Wang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, 100193, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Rahman Z, Bhale NA, Dikundwar AG, Dandekar MP. Multistrain Probiotics with Fructooligosaccharides Improve Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion-Driven Neurological Deficits by Revamping Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2023:10.1007/s12602-023-10109-y. [PMID: 37365420 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-023-10109-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Recent burgeoning literature unveils the importance of gut microbiota in the neuropathology of post-stroke brain injury and recovery. Indeed, ingestion of prebiotics/probiotics imparts positive effects on post-stroke brain injury, neuroinflammation, gut dysbiosis, and intestinal integrity. However, information on the disease-specific preference of selective prebiotics/probiotics/synbiotics and their underlying mechanism is yet elusive. Herein, we examined the effect of a new synbiotic formulation containing multistrain probiotics (Lactobacillus reuteri UBLRu-87, Lactobacillus plantarum UBLP-40, Lactobacillus rhamnosus UBLR-58, Lactobacillus salivarius UBLS-22, and Bifidobacterium breve UBBr-01), and prebiotic fructooligosaccharides using a middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model of cerebral ischemia in female and male rats. Three weeks pre-MCAO administration of synbiotic rescinded the MCAO-induced sensorimotor and motor deficits on day 3 post-stroke in rotarod, foot-fault, adhesive removal, and paw whisker test. We also observed a decrease in infarct volume and neuronal death in the ipsilateral hemisphere of synbiotic-treated MCAO rats. The synbiotic treatment also reversed the elevated levels/mRNA expression of the glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), NeuN, IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, matrix metalloproteinase-9, and caspase-3 and decreased levels of occludin and zonula occludens-1 in MCAO rats. 16S rRNA gene-sequencing data of intestinal contents indicated an increase in genus/species of Prevotella (Prevotella copri), Lactobacillus (Lactobacillus reuteri), Roseburia, Allobaculum, and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, and decreased abundance of Helicobacter, Desulfovibrio, and Akkermansia (Akkermansia muciniphila) in synbiotic-treated rats compared to the MCAO surgery group. These findings confer the potential benefits of our novel synbiotic preparation for MCAO-induced neurological dysfunctions by reshaping the gut-brain-axis mediators in rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ziaur Rahman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad, 500037, Telangana, India
| | - Nagesh A Bhale
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Amol G Dikundwar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Manoj P Dandekar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad, 500037, Telangana, India.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Xu F, Xie Q, Kuang W, Dong Z. Interactions Between Antidepressants and Intestinal Microbiota. Neurotherapeutics 2023; 20:359-371. [PMID: 36881351 PMCID: PMC10121977 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-023-01362-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The microbiota-gut-brain axis has been shown to influence human health and diseases, including depression. The interactions between drugs and intestinal microbiota are complex and highly relevant to treat diseases. Studies have shown an interaction between antidepressants and intestinal microbiota. Antidepressants may alter the abundance and composition of intestinal microbiota, which are closely related to the treatment outcomes of depression. Intestinal microbiota can influence the metabolism of antidepressants to change their availability (e.g., tryptophan can be metabolized to kynurenine by intestinal microbiota) and regulate their absorption by affecting intestinal permeability. In addition, the permeability of the blood-brain barrier can be altered by intestinal microbiota, influencing antidepressants to reach the central nervous system. Bioaccumulation is also a type of drug-microbiota interaction, which means bacteria accumulate drugs without biotransformation. These findings imply that it is important to consider intestinal microbiota when evaluating antidepressant therapy regimens and that intestinal microbiota can be a potential target for depression treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feiyu Xu
- West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Qinglian Xie
- Department of Outpatient, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Weihong Kuang
- Mental Health Center of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Department of Psychiatry and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Zaiquan Dong
- Mental Health Center of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
- Department of Psychiatry and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Armeli F, Mengoni B, Maggi E, Mazzoni C, Preziosi A, Mancini P, Businaro R, Lenz T, Archer T. Milmed Yeast Alters the LPS-Induced M1 Microglia Cells to Form M2 Anti-Inflammatory Phenotype. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10123116. [PMID: 36551872 PMCID: PMC9776009 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10123116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglial cells polarized towards a proinflammatory phenotype are considered the main cellular players of neuroinflammation, underlying several neurodegenerative diseases. Many studies have suggested that imbalance of the gut microbial composition is associated with an increase in the pro-inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress that underlie chronic neuroinflammatory diseases, and perturbations to the gut microbiota were detected in neurodegenerative conditions such as Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease. The importance of gut-brain axis has been uncovered and the relevance of an appropriate microbiota balance has been highlighted. Probiotic treatment, rebalancing the gut microbioma, may reduce inflammation. We show that Milmed yeast, obtained from S. cerevisiae after exposure to electromagnetic millimeter wavelengths, induces a reversal of LPS-M1 polarized microglia towards an anti-inflammatory phenotype, as demonstrated morphologically by the recovery of resting phenotype by microglia, by the decrease in the mRNAs of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and in the expression of iNOS. Moreover, Milmed stimulated the secretion of IL-10 and the expression of Arginase-1, cell markers of M2 anti-inflammatory polarized cells. The present findings data suggest that Milmed may be considered to be a probiotic with diversified anti-inflammatory activity, capable of directing the polarization of microglial cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Federica Armeli
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Corso della Repubblica 79, 04100 Latina, Italy
| | - Beatrice Mengoni
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Corso della Repubblica 79, 04100 Latina, Italy
| | - Elisa Maggi
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Corso della Repubblica 79, 04100 Latina, Italy
| | - Cristina Mazzoni
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies “C. Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Adele Preziosi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies “C. Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Patrizia Mancini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena, 324, 00161 Roma, Italy
| | - Rita Businaro
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Corso della Repubblica 79, 04100 Latina, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Wiegers C, Veerman MA, Brummer RJ, Larsen OFA. Reviewing the state of the art of probiotics as clinical modalities for brain-gut-microbiota axis associated disorders. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1053958. [PMID: 36504794 PMCID: PMC9732675 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1053958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The rise in prevalence of mental and neurological disorders is causing a high burden on society, however adequate interventions are not always available. The brain-gut-microbiota axis (BGMA) may provide a new angle for the development of clinical modalities. Due to the intricate bi-directional signaling between the brain and the gut, it may be helpful to look into interventions that target the gut, such as probiotics. Therefore, this review aimed to investigate the state of the art of probiotics and their potential as clinical modalities for BGMA-associated indications by gaining insight into patents and clinical trials that have been applied for and executed since 1999. A total of 565 patents and 390 clinical trials were found, focusing on probiotic applications for 83 indications. Since the start of the 21st century, the highest numbers of patents and clinical trials were related to primary neuropsychological, affective (depression, anxiety) and cognitive disorders, neurodegenerative and/or inflammatory brain disorders (Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amongst others), and gastrointestinal disorders (irritable bowel syndrome). The locations where the most patents and clinical trials were registered included China, the United States, and Iran. From 1999 to ~2013 a slight growth could be seen in the numbers of patents and clinical trials, followed by an almost exponential growth from ~2013 onwards. Overall, the developments of the state of the art were in accordance with previous research, however it appeared that clinical trials showed a slightly slower growth compared to patents, which may have implications for the future implementation of probiotics as clinical modalities for BGMA-associated indications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cato Wiegers
- Athena Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands,*Correspondence: Cato Wiegers,
| | - Mariët A. Veerman
- Athena Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Robert Jan Brummer
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Nutrition-Gut-Brain Interactions Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Olaf F. A. Larsen
- Athena Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Tan C, Yan Q, Ma Y, Fang J, Yang Y. Recognizing the role of the vagus nerve in depression from microbiota-gut brain axis. Front Neurol 2022; 13:1015175. [PMID: 36438957 PMCID: PMC9685564 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.1015175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Depression is a worldwide disease causing severe disability, morbidity, and mortality. Despite abundant studies, the precise mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology of depression remain elusive. Recently, cumulate research suggests that a disturbance of microbiota-gut-brain axis may play a vital role in the etiology of depression while correcting this disturbance could alleviate depression symptoms. The vagus nerve, linking brain and gut through its afferent and efferent branches, is a critical route in the bidirectional communication of this axis. Directly or indirectly, the vagus afferent fibers can sense and relay gut microbiota signals to the brain and induce brain disorders including depression. Also, brain changes in response to stress may result in gut hyperpermeability and inflammation mediating by the vagal efferents, which may be detrimental to depression. Notably, vagus nerve stimulation owns an anti-inflammatory effect and was proved for depression treatment. Nevertheless, depression was accompanied by a low vagal tone, which may derive from response to stress and contribute to pathogenesis of depression. In this review, we aim to explore the role of the vagus nerve in depression from the perspective of the microbiota-gut-brain axis, highlighting the relationship among the vagal tone, the gut hyperpermeability, inflammation, and depression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chaoren Tan
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Qiqi Yan
- Institute of Basic Theory for Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Ma
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiliang Fang
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yongsheng Yang
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Omar EH, Balzano T, Abdelmonaim EHM, Jayakumar AR. Editorial: The gut microbiota and brain interactions in healthy and pathological circumstances: From understanding to therapy. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:1052350. [DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.1052350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
|