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Gonzalez-Burgos I, Valencia M, Redondo R, Janz P. Optogenetic inhibition of the limbic corticothalamic circuit does not alter spontaneous oscillatory activity, auditory-evoked oscillations, and deviant detection. Sci Rep 2024; 14:13114. [PMID: 38849374 PMCID: PMC11161607 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-63036-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Aberrant neuronal circuit dynamics are at the core of complex neuropsychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia (SZ). Clinical assessment of the integrity of neuronal circuits in SZ has consistently described aberrant resting-state gamma oscillatory activity, decreased auditory-evoked gamma responses, and abnormal mismatch responses. We hypothesized that corticothalamic circuit manipulation could recapitulate SZ circuit phenotypes in rodent models. In this study, we optogenetically inhibited the mediodorsal thalamus-to-prefrontal cortex (MDT-to-PFC) or the PFC-to-MDT projection in rats and assessed circuit function through electrophysiological readouts. We found that MDT-PFC perturbation could not recapitulate SZ-linked phenotypes such as broadband gamma disruption, altered evoked oscillatory activity, and diminished mismatch negativity responses. Therefore, the induced functional impairment of the MDT-PFC pathways cannot account for the oscillatory abnormalities described in SZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Gonzalez-Burgos
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Neuroscience and Rare Diseases, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070, Basel, Switzerland
- Program of Biomedical Engineering, Universidad de Navarra, CIMA, Avenida Pío XII 55, 31080, Pamplona, Spain
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31080, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Miguel Valencia
- Program of Biomedical Engineering, Universidad de Navarra, CIMA, Avenida Pío XII 55, 31080, Pamplona, Spain
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31080, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Roger Redondo
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Neuroscience and Rare Diseases, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Philipp Janz
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Neuroscience and Rare Diseases, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070, Basel, Switzerland.
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2
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Negrón-Oyarzo I, Dib T, Chacana-Véliz L, López-Quilodrán N, Urrutia-Piñones J. Large-scale coupling of prefrontal activity patterns as a mechanism for cognitive control in health and disease: evidence from rodent models. Front Neural Circuits 2024; 18:1286111. [PMID: 38638163 PMCID: PMC11024307 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2024.1286111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Cognitive control of behavior is crucial for well-being, as allows subject to adapt to changing environments in a goal-directed way. Changes in cognitive control of behavior is observed during cognitive decline in elderly and in pathological mental conditions. Therefore, the recovery of cognitive control may provide a reliable preventive and therapeutic strategy. However, its neural basis is not completely understood. Cognitive control is supported by the prefrontal cortex, structure that integrates relevant information for the appropriate organization of behavior. At neurophysiological level, it is suggested that cognitive control is supported by local and large-scale synchronization of oscillatory activity patterns and neural spiking activity between the prefrontal cortex and distributed neural networks. In this review, we focus mainly on rodent models approaching the neuronal origin of these prefrontal patterns, and the cognitive and behavioral relevance of its coordination with distributed brain systems. We also examine the relationship between cognitive control and neural activity patterns in the prefrontal cortex, and its role in normal cognitive decline and pathological mental conditions. Finally, based on these body of evidence, we propose a common mechanism that may underlie the impaired cognitive control of behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Negrón-Oyarzo
- Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Tatiana Dib
- Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Lorena Chacana-Véliz
- Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Mención en Neurociencia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Nélida López-Quilodrán
- Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Mención en Neurociencia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Jocelyn Urrutia-Piñones
- Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Mención en Neurociencia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
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3
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Meneghetti N, Vannini E, Mazzoni A. Rodents' visual gamma as a biomarker of pathological neural conditions. J Physiol 2024; 602:1017-1048. [PMID: 38372352 DOI: 10.1113/jp283858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Neural gamma oscillations (indicatively 30-100 Hz) are ubiquitous: they are associated with a broad range of functions in multiple cortical areas and across many animal species. Experimental and computational works established gamma rhythms as a global emergent property of neuronal networks generated by the balanced and coordinated interaction of excitation and inhibition. Coherently, gamma activity is strongly influenced by the alterations of synaptic dynamics which are often associated with pathological neural dysfunctions. We argue therefore that these oscillations are an optimal biomarker for probing the mechanism of cortical dysfunctions. Gamma oscillations are also highly sensitive to external stimuli in sensory cortices, especially the primary visual cortex (V1), where the stimulus dependence of gamma oscillations has been thoroughly investigated. Gamma manipulation by visual stimuli tuning is particularly easy in rodents, which have become a standard animal model for investigating the effects of network alterations on gamma oscillations. Overall, gamma in the rodents' visual cortex offers an accessible probe on dysfunctional information processing in pathological conditions. Beyond vision-related dysfunctions, alterations of gamma oscillations in rodents were indeed also reported in neural deficits such as migraine, epilepsy and neurodegenerative or neuropsychiatric conditions such as Alzheimer's, schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorders. Altogether, the connections between visual cortical gamma activity and physio-pathological conditions in rodent models underscore the potential of gamma oscillations as markers of neuronal (dys)functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolò Meneghetti
- The Biorobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
- Department of Excellence for Robotics and AI, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
| | - Eleonora Vannini
- Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council (CNR), Pisa, Italy
| | - Alberto Mazzoni
- The Biorobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
- Department of Excellence for Robotics and AI, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
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4
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Papadelis C, Ntolkeras G, Tokatly Latzer I, DiBacco ML, Afacan O, Warfield S, Shi X, Roullet JB, Gibson KM, Pearl PL. Reduced evoked cortical beta and gamma activity and neuronal synchronization in succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency, a disorder of γ-aminobutyric acid metabolism. Brain Commun 2023; 5:fcad291. [PMID: 37953848 PMCID: PMC10636566 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcad291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency is a rare autosomal recessively inherited metabolic disorder of γ-aminobutyric acid catabolism manifested by intellectual disability, expressive aphasia, movement disorders, psychiatric ailments and epilepsy. Subjects with succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency are characterized by elevated γ-aminobutyric acid and related metabolites, such as γ-guanidinobutyric acid, and an age-dependent downregulation of cerebral γ-aminobutyric acid receptors. These findings indicate impaired γ-aminobutyric acid and γ-aminobutyric acid sub-type A (GABAA) receptor signalling as major factors underlying the pathophysiology of this neurometabolic disorder. We studied the cortical oscillation patterns and their relationship with γ-aminobutyric acid metabolism in 18 children affected by this condition and 10 healthy controls. Using high-density EEG, we recorded somatosensory cortical responses and resting-state activity. Using electrical source imaging, we estimated the relative power changes (compared with baseline) in both stimulus-evoked and stimulus-induced responses for physiologically relevant frequency bands and resting-state power. Stimulus-evoked oscillations are phase locked to the stimulus, whereas induced oscillations are not. Power changes for both evoked and induced responses as well as resting-state power were correlated with plasma γ-aminobutyric acid and γ-guanidinobutyric acid concentrations and with cortical γ-aminobutyric acid measured by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Plasma γ-aminobutyric acid, γ-guanidinobutyric acid and cortical γ-aminobutyric acid were higher in patients than in controls (P < 0.001 for both). Beta and gamma relative power were suppressed for evoked responses in patients versus controls (P < 0.01). No group differences were observed for induced activity (P > 0.05). The mean gamma frequency of evoked responses was lower in patients versus controls (P = 0.002). Resting-state activity was suppressed in patients for theta (P = 0.011) and gamma (P < 0.001) bands. Evoked power changes were inversely correlated with plasma γ-aminobutyric acid and with γ-guanidinobutyric acid for beta (P < 0.001) and gamma (P < 0.001) bands. Similar relationships were observed between the evoked power changes and cortical γ-aminobutyric acid for all tested areas in the beta band (P < 0.001) and for the posterior cingulate gyrus in the gamma band (P < 0.001). We also observed a negative correlation between resting-state activity and plasma γ-aminobutyric acid and γ-guanidinobutyric acid for theta (P < 0.001; P = 0.003), alpha (P = 0.003; P = 0.02) and gamma (P = 0.02; P = 0.01) bands. Our findings indicate that increased γ-aminobutyric acid concentration is associated with reduced sensory-evoked beta and gamma activity and impaired neuronal synchronization in patients with succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency. This further elucidates the pathophysiology of this neurometabolic disorder and serves as a potential biomarker for therapeutic trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos Papadelis
- Jane and John Justin Institute for Mind Health, Cook Children’s Health Care System, Fort Worth, TX 76104, USA
- School of Medicine, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX 76129, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
| | - Georgios Ntolkeras
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Medicine, Fetal-Neonatal Neuroimaging and Developmental Science Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA
| | - Itay Tokatly Latzer
- Division of Epilepsy and Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Melissa L DiBacco
- Division of Epilepsy and Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA
| | - Onur Afacan
- Department of Radiology, Computational Radiology Laboratory, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA
| | - Simon Warfield
- Department of Radiology, Computational Radiology Laboratory, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA
| | - Xutong Shi
- Department of Pharmacotherapy, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, WA 99202, USA
| | - Jean-Baptiste Roullet
- Department of Pharmacotherapy, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, WA 99202, USA
| | - K Michael Gibson
- Department of Pharmacotherapy, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, WA 99202, USA
| | - Phillip L Pearl
- Division of Epilepsy and Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA
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Mockevičius A, Yokota Y, Tarailis P, Hasegawa H, Naruse Y, Griškova-Bulanova I. Extraction of Individual EEG Gamma Frequencies from the Responses to Click-Based Chirp-Modulated Sounds. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:2826. [PMID: 36905030 PMCID: PMC10007152 DOI: 10.3390/s23052826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Activity in the gamma range is related to many sensory and cognitive processes that are impaired in neuropsychiatric conditions. Therefore, individualized measures of gamma-band activity are considered to be potential markers that reflect the state of networks within the brain. Relatively little has been studied in respect of the individual gamma frequency (IGF) parameter. The methodology for determining the IGF is not well established. In the present work, we tested the extraction of IGFs from electroencephalogram (EEG) data in two datasets where subjects received auditory stimulation consisting of clicks with varying inter-click periods, covering a 30-60 Hz range: in 80 young subjects EEG was recorded with 64 gel-based electrodes; in 33 young subjects, EEG was recorded using three active dry electrodes. IGFs were extracted from either fifteen or three electrodes in frontocentral regions by estimating the individual-specific frequency that most consistently exhibited high phase locking during the stimulation. The method showed overall high reliability of extracted IGFs for all extraction approaches; however, averaging over channels resulted in somewhat higher reliability scores. This work demonstrates that the estimation of individual gamma frequency is possible using a limited number of both the gel and dry electrodes from responses to click-based chirp-modulated sounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurimas Mockevičius
- Institute of Biosciences, Life Sciences Centre, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio av. 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Yusuke Yokota
- Center for Information and Neural Networks (CiNet), National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Saka University, Kobe 651-2492, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Povilas Tarailis
- Institute of Biosciences, Life Sciences Centre, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio av. 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Hatsunori Hasegawa
- Center for Information and Neural Networks (CiNet), National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Saka University, Kobe 651-2492, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Yasushi Naruse
- Center for Information and Neural Networks (CiNet), National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Saka University, Kobe 651-2492, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Inga Griškova-Bulanova
- Institute of Biosciences, Life Sciences Centre, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio av. 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
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6
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Neurophysiological assessment of cortical activity in DEPDC5- and NPRL3-related epileptic mTORopathies. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2023; 18:11. [PMID: 36639812 PMCID: PMC9840333 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-022-02600-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mutations in the GATOR1 complex genes, DEPDC5 and NPRL3, play a major role in the development of lesional and non-lesional focal epilepsy through increased mTORC1 signalling. We aimed to assess the effects of mTORC1 hyperactivation on GABAergic inhibitory circuits, in 3 and 5 individuals carrying DEPDC5 and NPRL3 mutations respectively using a multimodal approach including transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), and electroencephalography (EEG). RESULTS Inhibitory functions probed by TMS and MRS showed no effect of mutations on cortical GABAergic receptor-mediated inhibition and GABA concentration, in both cortical and subcortical regions. However, stronger EEG theta oscillations and stronger and more synchronous gamma oscillations were observed in DEPDC5 and NPRL3 mutations carriers. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that DEPDC5 and NPRL3-related epileptic mTORopathies may not directly modulate GABAergic functions but are nonetheless characterized by a stronger neural entrainment that may be reflective of a cortical hyperexcitability mediated by increased mTORC1 signaling.
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Janz P, Bainier M, Marashli S, Schoenenberger P, Valencia M, Redondo RL. Neurexin1α knockout rats display oscillatory abnormalities and sensory processing deficits back-translating key endophenotypes of psychiatric disorders. Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:455. [PMID: 36307390 PMCID: PMC9616904 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-02224-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurexins are presynaptic transmembrane proteins crucial for synapse development and organization. Deletion and missense mutations in all three Neurexin genes have been identified in psychiatric disorders, with mutations in the NRXN1 gene most strongly linked to schizophrenia (SZ) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). While the consequences of NRXN1 deletion have been extensively studied on the synaptic and behavioral levels, circuit endophenotypes that translate to the human condition have not been characterized yet. Therefore, we investigated the electrophysiology of cortico-striatal-thalamic circuits in Nrxn1α-/- rats and wildtype littermates focusing on a set of translational readouts, including spontaneous oscillatory activity, auditory-evoked oscillations and potentials, as well as mismatch negativity-like (MMN) responses and responses to social stimuli. On the behavioral level Nrxn1α-/- rats showed locomotor hyperactivity. In vivo freely moving electrophysiology revealed pronounced increases of spontaneous oscillatory power within the gamma band in all studied brain areas and elevation of gamma coherence in cortico-striatal and thalamocortical circuits of Nrxn1α-/- rats. In contrast, auditory-evoked oscillations driven by chirp-modulated tones showed reduced power in cortical areas confined to slower oscillations. Finally, Nrxn1α-/- rats exhibited altered auditory evoked-potentials and profound deficits in MMN-like responses, explained by reduced prediction error. Despite deficits for auditory stimuli, responses to social stimuli appeared intact. A central hypothesis for psychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders is that a disbalance of excitation-to-inhibition is underlying oscillatory and sensory deficits. In a first attempt to explore the impact of inhibitory circuit modulation, we assessed the effects of enhancing tonic inhibition via δ-containing GABAA receptors (using Gaboxadol) on endophenotypes possibly associated with network hyperexcitability. Pharmacological experiments applying Gaboxadol showed genotype-specific differences, but failed to normalize oscillatory or sensory processing abnormalities. In conclusion, our study revealed endophenotypes in Nrxn1α-/- rats that could be used as translational biomarkers for drug development in psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Janz
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Neuroscience and Rare Diseases Discovery & Translational Area, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Marie Bainier
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Neuroscience and Rare Diseases Discovery & Translational Area, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Samuel Marashli
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Neuroscience and Rare Diseases Discovery & Translational Area, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Schoenenberger
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Neuroscience and Rare Diseases Discovery & Translational Area, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Miguel Valencia
- Universidad de Navarra, CIMA, Program of Neuroscience, 31080, Pamplona, Spain
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31080, Pamplona, Spain
- Institute of Data Science and Artificial Intelligence, Universidad de Navarra, 31080, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Roger L Redondo
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Neuroscience and Rare Diseases Discovery & Translational Area, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070, Basel, Switzerland
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Janz P, Nicolas MJ, Redondo RL, Valencia M.
GABA
B
R
activation partially normalizes acute
NMDAR
hypofunction oscillatory abnormalities but fails to rescue sensory processing deficits. J Neurochem 2022; 161:417-434. [DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Janz
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Neuroscience and Rare Diseases, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann‐La Roche Ltd, Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070 Basel Switzerland
| | - Maria Jesus Nicolas
- Universidad de Navarra, CIMA, Program of Neuroscience, 31080 Pamplona Spain
- IdiSNA Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31080 Pamplona Spain
| | - Roger L. Redondo
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Neuroscience and Rare Diseases, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann‐La Roche Ltd, Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070 Basel Switzerland
| | - Miguel Valencia
- Universidad de Navarra, CIMA, Program of Neuroscience, 31080 Pamplona Spain
- IdiSNA Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31080 Pamplona Spain
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Armstrong C, Marsh ED. Electrophysiological Biomarkers in Genetic Epilepsies. Neurotherapeutics 2021; 18:1458-1467. [PMID: 34642905 PMCID: PMC8609056 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-021-01132-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Precision treatments for epilepsy targeting the underlying genetic diagnoses are becoming a reality. Historically, the goal of epilepsy treatments was to reduce seizure frequency. In the era of precision medicine, however, outcomes such as prevention of epilepsy progression or even improvements in cognitive functions are both aspirational targets for any intervention. Developing methods, both in clinical trial design and in novel endpoints, will be necessary for measuring, not only seizures, but also the other neurodevelopmental outcomes that are predicted to be targeted by precision treatments. Biomarkers that quantitatively measure disease progression or network level changes are needed to allow for unbiased measurements of the effects of any gene-level treatments. Here, we discuss some of the promising electrophysiological biomarkers that may be of use in clinical trials of precision therapies, as well as the difficulties in implementing them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caren Armstrong
- Division of Neurology and Pediatric Epilepsy Program, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Eric D Marsh
- Division of Neurology and Pediatric Epilepsy Program, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics and Neurology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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Lenck-Santini PP. Bad Timing for Epileptic Networks: Role of Temporal Dynamics in Seizures and Cognitive Deficits. Epilepsy Curr 2021; 21:15357597211001877. [PMID: 33724060 PMCID: PMC8609592 DOI: 10.1177/15357597211001877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The precise coordination of neuronal activity is critical for optimal brain function. When such coordination fails, this can lead to dire consequences. In this review, I will present evidence that in epilepsy, failed coordination leads not only to seizures but also to alterations of the rhythmical patterns observed in the electroencephalogram and cognitive deficits. Restoring the dynamic coordination of epileptic networks could therefore both improve seizures and cognitive outcomes.
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Lenck-Santini PP, Sakkaki S. Alterations of Neuronal Dynamics as a Mechanism for Cognitive Impairment in Epilepsy. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2021; 55:65-106. [PMID: 33454922 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2020_193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Epilepsy is commonly associated with cognitive and behavioral deficits that dramatically affect the quality of life of patients. In order to identify novel therapeutic strategies aimed at reducing these deficits, it is critical first to understand the mechanisms leading to cognitive impairments in epilepsy. Traditionally, seizures and epileptiform activity in addition to neuronal injury have been considered to be the most significant contributors to cognitive dysfunction. In this review we however highlight the role of a new mechanism: alterations of neuronal dynamics, i.e. the timing at which neurons and networks receive and process neural information. These alterations, caused by the underlying etiologies of epilepsy syndromes, are observed in both animal models and patients in the form of abnormal oscillation patterns in unit firing, local field potentials, and electroencephalogram (EEG). Evidence suggests that such mechanisms significantly contribute to cognitive impairment in epilepsy, independently of seizures and interictal epileptiform activity. Therefore, therapeutic strategies directly targeting neuronal dynamics rather than seizure reduction may significantly benefit the quality of life of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-Pascal Lenck-Santini
- Aix-Marseille Université, INSERM, INMED, Marseille, France. .,Department of Neurological sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA.
| | - Sophie Sakkaki
- Department of Neurological sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA.,Université de. Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, IGF, Montpellier, France
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