1
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Ramos SA, Mueller LJ, Beran GJO. The interplay of density functional selection and crystal structure for accurate NMR chemical shift predictions. Faraday Discuss 2024. [PMID: 39258864 DOI: 10.1039/d4fd00072b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2024]
Abstract
Ab initio chemical shift prediction plays a central role in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) crystallography, and the accuracy with which chemical shifts can be predicted relative to experiment impacts the confidence with which structures can be assigned. For organic crystals, periodic density functional theory calculations with the gauge-including projector augmented wave (GIPAW) approximation and the PBE functional are widely used at present. Many previous studies have examined how using more advanced density functionals can increase the accuracy of predicted chemical shifts relative to experiment, but nearly all of those studies employed crystal structures that were optimized with generalized-gradient approximation (GGA) functionals. Here, we investigate how the accuracy of the predicted chemical shifts in organic crystals is affected by replacing GGA-level PBE-D3(BJ) crystal geometries with more accurate hybrid functional PBE0-D3(BJ) ones. Based on benchmark data sets containing 132 13C and 35 15N chemical shifts, plus case studies on testosterone, acetaminophen, and phenobarbital, we find that switching from GGA-level geometries and chemical shifts to hybrid-functional ones reduces 13C and 15N chemical shift errors by ∼40-60% versus experiment. However, most of the improvement stems from the use of the hybrid functional for the chemical shift calculations, rather than from the refined geometries. In addition, even with the improved geometries, we find that double-hybrid functionals still do not systematically increase chemical shift agreement with experiment beyond what hybrid functionals provide. In the end, these results suggest that the combination of GGA-level crystal structures and hybrid-functional chemical shifts represents a particularly cost-effective combination for NMR crystallography in organic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian A Ramos
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
| | - Leonard J Mueller
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
| | - Gregory J O Beran
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
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2
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Pang Y, Gaisford S, Magdysyuk OV, Williams GR. Polymorphic transitions in flufenamic acid-trehalose composites. Int J Pharm X 2023; 6:100200. [PMID: 37564112 PMCID: PMC10410518 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpx.2023.100200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The combination of poorly-soluble drugs with small molecule co-formers to generate amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) has great potential to improve dissolution rate and kinetic solubility, and thus increase the bioavailability of these active ingredients. However, such ASDs are known to be unstable and to crystallise upon storage or heating. In this work, we explore the crystallisation of flufenamic acid (FFA) from ASDs prepared with trehalose. FFA-trehalose mixtures were prepared at a range of w/w composition ratios, heated to melting and crash cooled to form ASDs. They were then subject to a further heat/cool cycle, which was monitored by simultaneous differential scanning calorimetry - X-ray diffraction to observe the phase changes occurring. These varied with the composition of the blend. Upon short-term storage, formulations with low trehalose contents (FFA:trehalose 5:1 w/w) recrystallised into form I FFA, while higher trehalose contents crystallised to FFA form IV. When heated, all FFA trehalose combinations ultimately recrystallised into form I before melting. Upon a second cooling cycle, systems with low trehalose content (FFA:trehalose 5:1 w/w) recrystallised into form IV, while higher trehalose contents led to FFA form I. It is thus clear that even with a single excipient it is possible to control the crystallisation pathway through judicious choice of the formulation parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Pang
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Gaisford
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom
| | - Oxana V. Magdysyuk
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - Gareth R. Williams
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom
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3
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Liu J, Xue J, Yang GP, Dang LL, Ma LF, Li DS, Wang YY. Recent advances of functional heterometallic-organic framework (HMOF) materials: Design strategies and applications. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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4
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Hadjittofis E, Vargas SM, Litster JD, Campbell KLS. Exploring the role of crystal habit in the Ostwald rule of stages. Proc Math Phys Eng Sci 2022; 478:20210601. [PMID: 35173519 PMCID: PMC8826364 DOI: 10.1098/rspa.2021.0601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The crystallization of calcium carbonate is shown to be dictated by the Ostwald rule of stages (ORS), for high relative initial supersaturations (S CaCO 3 = [ C a 2 + ] [ CO 3 2 - ] / K SP, Calcite > 2500 ), under sweet (carbon dioxide saturated) and anoxic (oxygen depleted) solution conditions. Rhombohedral calcite crystals emerge after the sequential crystallization and dissolution of the metastable polymorphs: vaterite (snowflake-shaped) and aragonite (needle-shaped). However, the presence of certain cations, which can form trigonal carbonates (e.g. Fe2+ and Ni2+), in concentrations as low as 1.5 mM, triggers the emergence of calcite crystals, with a star-shaped crystal habit, first. These star-shaped crystals dissolve to yield needle-shaped aragonite crystals, which in turn dissolve to give the rhombohedral calcite crystals. The star-shaped crystals, formed at high SCaCO3 , possess higher surface free energy (therefore higher apparent solubility) than their rhombohedral counterparts. This sequence of dissolution and recrystallization demonstrates that the ORS does not only drive the crystal towards its thermodynamically most stable polymorph but also towards its most stable crystal habit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eftychios Hadjittofis
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Mappin Street, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK
- UCB Pharma SA, 1420 Braine l'Alleud, Belgium
| | | | - James D. Litster
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Mappin Street, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK
| | - Kyra L. Sedransk Campbell
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Mappin Street, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK
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5
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Pugliese A, Toresco M, McNamara D, Iuga D, Abraham A, Tobyn M, Hawarden LE, Blanc F. Drug-Polymer Interactions in Acetaminophen/Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose Acetyl Succinate Amorphous Solid Dispersions Revealed by Multidimensional Multinuclear Solid-State NMR Spectroscopy. Mol Pharm 2021; 18:3519-3531. [PMID: 34375100 PMCID: PMC8424625 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.1c00427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The bioavailability of insoluble crystalline active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) can be enhanced by formulation as amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs). One of the key factors of ASD stabilization is the formation of drug-polymer interactions at the molecular level. Here, we used a range of multidimensional and multinuclear nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments to identify these interactions in amorphous acetaminophen (paracetamol)/hydroxypropylmethylcellulose acetyl succinate (HPMC-AS) ASDs at various drug loadings. At low drug loading (<20 wt %), we showed that 1H-13C through-space heteronuclear correlation experiments identify proximity between aromatic protons in acetaminophen with cellulose backbone protons in HPMC-AS. We also show that 14N-1H heteronuclear multiple quantum coherence (HMQC) experiments are a powerful approach in probing spatial interactions in amorphous materials and establish the presence of hydrogen bonds (H-bond) between the amide nitrogen of acetaminophen with the cellulose ring methyl protons in these ASDs. In contrast, at higher drug loading (40 wt %), no acetaminophen/HPMC-AS spatial proximity was identified and domains of recrystallization of amorphous acetaminophen into its crystalline form I, the most thermodynamically stable polymorph, and form II are identified. These results provide atomic scale understanding of the interactions in the acetaminophen/HPMC-AS ASD occurring via H-bond interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Pugliese
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, United
Kingdom
| | - Michael Toresco
- Chemical
Engineering Department, Rowan College of Engineering, Rowan University, Mullica Hill Road, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, United States
| | - Daniel McNamara
- Drug
Product Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Dinu Iuga
- Department
of Physics, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Anuji Abraham
- Drug
Product Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Michael Tobyn
- Drug
Product Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Reeds Lane, Moreton CH46 1QW, United
Kingdom
| | - Lucy E. Hawarden
- Drug
Product Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Reeds Lane, Moreton CH46 1QW, United
Kingdom
| | - Frédéric Blanc
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, United
Kingdom
- Stephenson
Institute for Renewable Energy, University
of Liverpool, Peach Street, Liverpool L69 7ZF, United Kingdom
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6
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Hadjittofis E, Vargas SM, Litster JD, Sedransk Campbell KL. Τhe role of surface energy in the apparent solubility of two different calcite crystal habits. Proc Math Phys Eng Sci 2021; 477:20210200. [PMID: 35153572 PMCID: PMC8385356 DOI: 10.1098/rspa.2021.0200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The interplay between polymorphism and facet-specific surface energy on the dissolution of crystals is examined in this work. It is shown that, using cationic additives, it is possible to produce star-shaped calcite crystals at very high supersaturations. In crystallization processes following the Ostwald rule of stages these star-shaped crystals appear to have higher solubility than both their rhombohedral counterparts and needle-shaped aragonite crystals. The vapour pressures of vaterite, aragonite, star-shaped calcite and rhombohedral calcite crystals are measured using thermogravimetric analysis and the corresponding enthalpies of melting are obtained. Using inverse gas chromatography, the surface energy of the aforementioned crystals is measured as well and the surface energy of the main crystal facets is calculated. Combining the effect of facet-specific surface energies and the enthalpies of melting on a modified version of the classical solubility equation for regular solutions, it is proved that the star-shaped calcite crystals can indeed have higher apparent solubility than aragonitecrystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eftychios Hadjittofis
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Mappin Street, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK
- UCB Pharma SA, Chemin du Foriest, B-1420 Braine-l'Alleud, Belgium
| | | | - James D. Litster
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Mappin Street, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK
| | - Kyra L. Sedransk Campbell
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Mappin Street, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK
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7
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Solares-Briones M, Coyote-Dotor G, Páez-Franco JC, Zermeño-Ortega MR, de la O Contreras CM, Canseco-González D, Avila-Sorrosa A, Morales-Morales D, Germán-Acacio JM. Mechanochemistry: A Green Approach in the Preparation of Pharmaceutical Cocrystals. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:790. [PMID: 34070646 PMCID: PMC8228148 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13060790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanochemistry is considered an alternative attractive greener approach to prepare diverse molecular compounds and has become an important synthetic tool in different fields (e.g., physics, chemistry, and material science) since is considered an ecofriendly procedure that can be carried out under solvent free conditions or in the presence of minimal quantities of solvent (catalytic amounts). Being able to substitute, in many cases, classical solution reactions often requiring significant amounts of solvents. These sustainable methods have had an enormous impact on a great variety of chemistry fields, including catalysis, organic synthesis, metal complexes formation, preparation of multicomponent pharmaceutical solid forms, etc. In this sense, we are interested in highlighting the advantages of mechanochemical methods on the obtaining of pharmaceutical cocrystals. Hence, in this review, we describe and discuss the relevance of mechanochemical procedures in the formation of multicomponent solid forms focusing on pharmaceutical cocrystals. Additionally, at the end of this paper, we collect a chronological survey of the most representative scientific papers reporting the mechanochemical synthesis of cocrystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mizraín Solares-Briones
- Red de Apoyo a la Investigación, Coordinación de la Investigación Científica-UNAM, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición SZ, Ciudad de México, C.P. 14000, Mexico; (M.S.-B.); (G.C.-D.); (J.C.P.-F.)
| | - Guadalupe Coyote-Dotor
- Red de Apoyo a la Investigación, Coordinación de la Investigación Científica-UNAM, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición SZ, Ciudad de México, C.P. 14000, Mexico; (M.S.-B.); (G.C.-D.); (J.C.P.-F.)
| | - José C. Páez-Franco
- Red de Apoyo a la Investigación, Coordinación de la Investigación Científica-UNAM, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición SZ, Ciudad de México, C.P. 14000, Mexico; (M.S.-B.); (G.C.-D.); (J.C.P.-F.)
| | - Miriam R. Zermeño-Ortega
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Circuito Universitario No. 1, Nuevo Campus Universitario, Apdo. Postal 1552, Chihuahua, C.P. 31125, Mexico; (M.R.Z.-O.); (C.M.d.l.OC.)
| | - Carmen Myriam de la O Contreras
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Circuito Universitario No. 1, Nuevo Campus Universitario, Apdo. Postal 1552, Chihuahua, C.P. 31125, Mexico; (M.R.Z.-O.); (C.M.d.l.OC.)
| | - Daniel Canseco-González
- CONACYT-Laboratorio Nacional de Investigación y Servicio Agroalimentario y Forestal, Universidad Autónoma de Chapingo, Texcoco de Mora, C.P. 56230, Mexico;
| | - Alcives Avila-Sorrosa
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Carpio y Plan de Ayala S/N, Colonia Santo Tomás, Ciudad de México, C.P. 11340, Mexico;
| | - David Morales-Morales
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México, C.P. 04510, Mexico
| | - Juan M. Germán-Acacio
- Red de Apoyo a la Investigación, Coordinación de la Investigación Científica-UNAM, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición SZ, Ciudad de México, C.P. 14000, Mexico; (M.S.-B.); (G.C.-D.); (J.C.P.-F.)
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8
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Yeh KL, Lee T. Selective formation of form II paracetamol through the assistance of paracetamol co-crystals as templates in a solution. CrystEngComm 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1ce00034a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The arrangement of paracetamol templated by the structure of 1 : 1 co-crystal of paracetamol–maleic acid in solution phase facilitating the nucleation of metastable form II paracetamol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan Lin Yeh
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering
- National Central University
- Taoyuan City 32001
- R.O.C
| | - Tu Lee
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering
- National Central University
- Taoyuan City 32001
- R.O.C
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9
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Germann LS, Arhangelskis M, Etter M, Dinnebier RE, Friščić T. Challenging the Ostwald rule of stages in mechanochemical cocrystallisation. Chem Sci 2020; 11:10092-10100. [PMID: 34094270 PMCID: PMC8162427 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc03629c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanochemistry provides an efficient, but still poorly understood route to synthesize and screen for polymorphs of organic solids. We present a hitherto unexplored effect of the milling assembly on the polymorphic outcome of mechanochemical cocrystallisation, tentatively related to the efficiency of mechanical energy transfer to the milled sample. Previous work on mechanochemical cocrystallisation has established that introducing liquid or polymer additives to milling systems can be used to direct polymorphic behavior, leading to extensive studies how the amount and nature of grinding additive affect reaction outcome and polymorphism. Here, focusing on a model pharmaceutical cocrystal of nicotinamide and adipic acid, we demonstrate that changes to the choice of milling media (i.e. number and material of milling balls) and/or the choice of milling assembly (i.e. jar material) can be used to direct polymorphism of mechanochemical cocrystallisation, enabling the selective synthesis, and even reversible and repeatable interconversion of cocrystal polymorphs. While real-time mechanistic studies of mechanochemical transformations of metal–organic materials have previously suggested that reactions follow a path described by Ostwald's rule of stages, i.e. from metastable to increasingly more stable product structures, the herein presented systematic study presents an exception to that rule, revealing that modification of energy input in the mechanochemical system, combined with a small energy difference between polymorphs, permits the selective synthesis of either the more stable room temperature form, or the new metastable high-temperature form, of the target cocrystal. The choice of milling assembly (jar and ball material, number and size of balls) can be used to direct polymorphism in mechanochemical cocrystallisation, enabling the selective synthesis, and even reversible interconversion of cocrystal polymorphs.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Luzia S Germann
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research Heisenbergstr. 1 70569 Stuttgart Germany.,Department of Chemistry, McGill University 801 Sherbrooke St. W. H3A 0B8 Montreal Canada
| | - Mihails Arhangelskis
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University 801 Sherbrooke St. W. H3A 0B8 Montreal Canada .,Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw 1 Pasteura Street 02-109 Warsaw Poland
| | - Martin Etter
- Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron (DESY) Notkestraße 85 22607 Hamburg Germany
| | - Robert E Dinnebier
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research Heisenbergstr. 1 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Tomislav Friščić
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University 801 Sherbrooke St. W. H3A 0B8 Montreal Canada
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10
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Lukin S, Stolar T, Lončarić I, Milanović I, Biliškov N, di Michiel M, Friščić T, Halasz I. Mechanochemical Metathesis between AgNO 3 and NaX (X = Cl, Br, I) and Ag 2XNO 3 Double-Salt Formation. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:12200-12208. [PMID: 32806016 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c01196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Here we describe real-time, in situ monitoring of mechanochemical solid-state metathesis between silver nitrate and the entire series of sodium halides, on the basis of tandem powder X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy monitoring. The mechanistic monitoring reveals that reactions of AgNO3 with NaX (X = Cl, Br, I) differ in reaction paths, with only the reaction with NaBr providing the NaNO3 and AgX products directly. The reaction with NaI revealed the presence of a novel, short-lived intermediate phase, while the reaction with NaCl progressed the slowest through the well-defined Ag2ClNO3 intermediate double salt. While the corresponding iodide and bromide double salts were not observed as intermediates, all three are readily prepared as pure compounds by milling equimolar mixtures of AgX and AgNO3. The in situ observation of reactive intermediates in these simple metathesis reactions reveals a surprising resemblance of reactions involving purely ionic components to those of molecular organic solids and cocrystals. This study demonstrates the potential of in situ reaction monitoring for mechanochemical reactions of ionic compounds as well as completes the application of these techniques to all major compound classes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stipe Lukin
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tomislav Stolar
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivor Lončarić
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Igor Milanović
- Department of Physics (010), Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Mike Petrovića Alasa 12-14, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nikola Biliškov
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marco di Michiel
- ESRF-the European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Tomislav Friščić
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, H3A 0B8 Montreal, Canada
| | - Ivan Halasz
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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11
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Pisa E, Hughes LP, Wren SAC, Booth J, McCabe JF, Whittaker DTE, Mantle MD. NMR and Thermal Studies for the Characterization of Mass Transport and Phase Separation in Paracetamol/Copovidone Hot-Melt Extrusion Formulations. Mol Pharm 2020; 17:2021-2033. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c00188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Pisa
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, U.K
| | - Leslie P. Hughes
- Global Product Development, AstraZeneca, Charter Way, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, U.K
| | - Stephen A. C. Wren
- Global Product Development, AstraZeneca, Charter Way, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, U.K
| | - Jonathan Booth
- Global Product Development, AstraZeneca, Charter Way, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, U.K
| | - James Francis McCabe
- Pharmaceutical Development, AstraZeneca, Charter Way, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, U.K
| | - David T. E. Whittaker
- Early Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, U.K
| | - Mick D. Mantle
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, U.K
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12
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Stolar T, Užarević K. Mechanochemistry: an efficient and versatile toolbox for synthesis, transformation, and functionalization of porous metal–organic frameworks. CrystEngComm 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ce00091d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Multiple ways in which the synergy of mechanochemistry and MOFs advances the field of materials chemistry are presented here.
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13
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Cruz PC, Rocha FA, Ferreira AM. Application of Selective Crystallization Methods To Isolate the Metastable Polymorphs of Paracetamol: A Review. Org Process Res Dev 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.9b00322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Patrı́cia C. Cruz
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Fernando A. Rocha
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - António M. Ferreira
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
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14
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McKinley JL, Beran GJO. Improving Predicted Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Chemical Shifts Using the Quasi-Harmonic Approximation. J Chem Theory Comput 2019; 15:5259-5274. [PMID: 31442040 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.9b00481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Ab initio nuclear magnetic resonance chemical shift prediction plays an important role in the determination or validation of crystal structures. The ability to predict chemical shifts more accurately can translate to increased confidence in the resulting chemical shift or structural assignments. Standard electronic structure predictions for molecular crystal structures neglect thermal expansion, which can lead to an appreciable underestimation of the molar volumes. This study examines this volume error and its impact on 68 13C- and 28 15N-predicted chemical shifts taken from 20 molecular crystals. It assesses the ability to recover more realistic room-temperature crystal structures using the quasi-harmonic approximation and how refining the structures impacts the chemical shifts. Several pharmaceutical molecular crystals are also examined in more detail. On the whole, accounting for quasi-harmonic expansion changes the 13C and 15N chemical shifts by 0.5 and 1.0 ppm on average. This, in turn, reduces the root-mean-square errors relative to experiment by 0.3 ppm for 13C and 0.7 ppm for 15N. Although the statistical impacts are modest, changes in individual chemical shifts can reach multiple ppm. Accounting for thermal expansion in molecular crystal chemical shift prediction may not be needed routinely, but the systematic trend toward improved accuracy with the experiment could be useful in cases where discrimination between structural candidates is challenging, as in the pharmaceutical theophylline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L McKinley
- Department of Chemistry , University of California , Riverside , California 92521 , United States
| | - Gregory J O Beran
- Department of Chemistry , University of California , Riverside , California 92521 , United States
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15
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Multiple conformations and supramolecular synthons in almost fifty crystal structures of the anti-HIV/HBV drug lamivudine. J Mol Struct 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2018.12.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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16
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Okafor O, Robertson K, Goodridge R, Sans V. Continuous-flow crystallisation in 3D-printed compact devices. REACT CHEM ENG 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9re00188c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A flexible and cost-effective methodology to develop compact flow devices with heat exchange ability is presented here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Obinna Okafor
- Faculty of Engineering
- University of Nottingham
- Nottingham
- UK
| | | | - Ruth Goodridge
- Faculty of Engineering
- University of Nottingham
- Nottingham
- UK
| | - Victor Sans
- Faculty of Engineering
- University of Nottingham
- Nottingham
- UK
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM)
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17
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Impact of Additives on Heterogeneous Crystallization of Acetaminophen. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2018. [DOI: 10.1155/2018/3604320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Introducing foreign substrates or additives is the common way to regulate polymorphism or kinetics of crystallization. Most present studies consider the substrate factor and additive factor separately. Here, the interplay between the additive, crystallizing molecules, and the substrate was investigated. Acetaminophen (APAP) was used as the model compound. 5 wt.% dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate (AOT), poly(acrylic) acid (PAA), and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) were employed as additives. The interfacial crystal growth rate of APAP in the presence of additives was studied between slides coated with chitosan (CS) film. The crystallization kinetics of the additive/APAP mixture on CS substrate was also investigated. The additive/APAP was characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and the interfacial molecular interaction was studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The results indicate that the additive-substrate interaction can change the interfacial growth behavior observed in the additive-APAP binary system. Nevertheless, crystallizing without confinement, the additive-APAP interaction is more effective at controlling the crystallization of APAP, and the substrates did not have much effect.
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18
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Rivalta A, Salzillo T, Venuti E, Della Valle RG, Sokolovič B, Werzer O, Brillante A. Bulk and Surface-Stabilized Structures of Paracetamol Revisited by Raman Confocal Microscopy. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:9564-9571. [PMID: 31459088 PMCID: PMC6645084 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b01246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We revisit the polymorphism of paracetamol by means of a micro-Raman technique, which has proved to be a powerful tool for structure recognition. Distinct lattice phonon spectra clearly identified the pure phases. Confocality enabled us to detect phase mixing between form II and either I or III on a micrometric scale in the same crystallite. Following the most recent findings on surface-mediated structures, we also investigated spin-coated films grown on glass, gold, and polystyrene substrates, confirming the selectivity of these surfaces for the metastable form III, which shows an unprecedented stability over a time span of several months. A mechanism of its transformation to phase II, via a partially ordered intermediate state, is suggested by polarized Raman measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Rivalta
- Department
of Industrial Chemistry “Toso Montanari” and INSTM-Udr
Bologna, University of Bologna, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Tommaso Salzillo
- Department
of Industrial Chemistry “Toso Montanari” and INSTM-Udr
Bologna, University of Bologna, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Venuti
- Department
of Industrial Chemistry “Toso Montanari” and INSTM-Udr
Bologna, University of Bologna, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Raffaele G. Della Valle
- Department
of Industrial Chemistry “Toso Montanari” and INSTM-Udr
Bologna, University of Bologna, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Barbara Sokolovič
- Institute
of Pharmaceutical Science, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Karl Franzens University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Oliver Werzer
- Institute
of Pharmaceutical Science, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Karl Franzens University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Aldo Brillante
- Department
of Industrial Chemistry “Toso Montanari” and INSTM-Udr
Bologna, University of Bologna, 40136 Bologna, Italy
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19
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A Practical Guide for the Preparation of Drug Nanosuspensions for Preclinical Studies: Including In VivoCase Studies. EARLY DRUG DEVELOPMENT 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/9783527801756.ch13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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20
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Hanrahan MP, Venkatesh A, Carnahan SL, Calahan JL, Lubach JW, Munson EJ, Rossini AJ. Enhancing the resolution of 1H and 13C solid-state NMR spectra by reduction of anisotropic bulk magnetic susceptibility broadening. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 19:28153-28162. [PMID: 29022618 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp04223j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrate that natural isotopic abundance 2D heteronuclear correlation (HETCOR) solid-state NMR spectra can be used to significantly reduce or eliminate the broadening of 1H and 13C solid-state NMR spectra of organic solids due to anisotropic bulk magnetic susceptibility (ABMS). ABMS often manifests in solids with aromatic groups, such as active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), and inhomogeneously broadens the NMR peaks of all nuclei in the sample. Inhomogeneous peaks with full widths at half maximum (FWHM) of ∼1 ppm typically result from ABMS broadening and the low spectral resolution impedes the analysis of solid-state NMR spectra. ABMS broadening of solid-state NMR spectra has previously been eliminated using 2D multiple-quantum correlation experiments, or by performing NMR experiments on diluted materials or single crystals. However, these experiments are often infeasible due to their poor sensitivity and/or provide limited gains in resolution. 2D 1H-13C HETCOR experiments have previously been applied to reduce susceptibility broadening in paramagnetic solids and we show that this strategy can significantly reduce ABMS broadening in diamagnetic organic solids. Comparisons of 1D solid-state NMR spectra and 1H and 13C solid-state NMR spectra obtained from 2D 1H-13C HETCOR NMR spectra show that the HETCOR spectrum directly increases resolution by a factor of 1.5 to 8. The direct gain in resolution is determined by the ratio of the inhomogeneous 13C/1H linewidth to the homogeneous 1H linewidth, with the former depending on the magnitude of the ABMS broadening and the strength of the applied field and the latter on the efficiency of homonuclear decoupling. The direct gains in resolution obtained using the 2D HETCOR experiments are better than that obtained by dilution. For solids with long proton longitudinal relaxation times, dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) was applied to enhance sensitivity and enable the acquisition of 2D 1H-13C HETCOR NMR spectra. 2D 1H-13C HETCOR experiments were applied to resolve and partially assign the NMR signals of the form I and form II polymorphs of aspirin in a sample containing both forms. These findings have important implications for ultra-high field NMR experiments, optimization of decoupling schemes and assessment of the fundamental limits on the resolution of solid-state NMR spectra.
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21
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Lukin S, Stolar T, Tireli M, Blanco MV, Babić D, Friščić T, Užarević K, Halasz I. Tandem In Situ Monitoring for Quantitative Assessment of Mechanochemical Reactions Involving Structurally Unknown Phases. Chemistry 2017. [PMID: 28639258 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201702489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
We report herein quantitative in situ monitoring by simultaneous PXRD and Raman spectroscopy of the mechanochemical reaction between benzoic acid and nicotinamide, affording a rich polymorphic system with four new cocrystal polymorphs, multiple phase transformations, and a variety of reaction pathways. After observing polymorphs by in situ monitoring, we were able to isolate and characterize three of the four polymorphs, most of which are not accessible from solution. Relative stabilities among the isolated polymorphs at ambient conditions were established by slurry experiments. Using two complementary methods for in situ monitoring enabled quantitative assessment and kinetic analysis of each studied mechanochemical reaction, even when involving unknown crystal structures, and short-lived intermediates. In situ Raman monitoring was introduced here also as a standalone laboratory technique for quantitative assessment of mechanochemical reactions and understanding of mechanochemical reactivity. Our results provide an important step toward a complete and high-throughput quantitative approach to mechanochemical reaction kinetics and mechanisms, necessary for the development of the mechanistic framework of milling reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stipe Lukin
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tomislav Stolar
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Martina Tireli
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Darko Babić
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tomislav Friščić
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia.,Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | | | - Ivan Halasz
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
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22
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Akimbekov Z, Katsenis AD, Nagabhushana GP, Ayoub G, Arhangelskis M, Morris AJ, Friščić T, Navrotsky A. Experimental and Theoretical Evaluation of the Stability of True MOF Polymorphs Explains Their Mechanochemical Interconversions. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:7952-7957. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b03144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zamirbek Akimbekov
- Peter
A. Rock Thermochemistry Laboratory and NEAT ORU, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Athanassios D. Katsenis
- Department
of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Canada H3A
0B8
| | - G. P. Nagabhushana
- Peter
A. Rock Thermochemistry Laboratory and NEAT ORU, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Ghada Ayoub
- Department
of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Canada H3A
0B8
| | - Mihails Arhangelskis
- Department
of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Canada H3A
0B8
| | - Andrew J. Morris
- Cavendish
Laboratory, University of Cambridge, 19 J. J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K
- Department
of Physics, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K
| | - Tomislav Friščić
- Department
of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Canada H3A
0B8
| | - Alexandra Navrotsky
- Peter
A. Rock Thermochemistry Laboratory and NEAT ORU, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
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23
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Hartman J, Day GM, Beran GJO. Enhanced NMR Discrimination of Pharmaceutically Relevant Molecular Crystal Forms through Fragment-Based Ab Initio Chemical Shift Predictions. CRYSTAL GROWTH & DESIGN 2016; 16:6479-6493. [PMID: 27829821 PMCID: PMC5095663 DOI: 10.1021/acs.cgd.6b01157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Revised: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Chemical shift prediction plays an important role in the determination or validation of crystal structures with solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. One of the fundamental theoretical challenges lies in discriminating variations in chemical shifts resulting from different crystallographic environments. Fragment-based electronic structure methods provide an alternative to the widely used plane wave gauge-including projector augmented wave (GIPAW) density functional technique for chemical shift prediction. Fragment methods allow hybrid density functionals to be employed routinely in chemical shift prediction, and we have recently demonstrated appreciable improvements in the accuracy of the predicted shifts when using the hybrid PBE0 functional instead of generalized gradient approximation (GGA) functionals like PBE. Here, we investigate the solid-state 13C and 15N NMR spectra for multiple crystal forms of acetaminophen, phenobarbital, and testosterone. We demonstrate that the use of the hybrid density functional instead of a GGA provides both higher accuracy in the chemical shifts and increased discrimination among the different crystallographic environments. Finally, these results also provide compelling evidence for the transferability of the linear regression parameters mapping predicted chemical shieldings to chemical shifts that were derived in an earlier study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua
D. Hartman
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521 United States
| | - Graeme M. Day
- School
of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Gregory J. O. Beran
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521 United States
- E-mail:
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24
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Polymorphic properties of micronized mefenamic acid, nabumetone, paracetamol and tolbutamide produced by rapid expansion of supercritical solutions (RESS). J Supercrit Fluids 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2016.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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25
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Aina A, Gupta M, Boukari Y, Morris A, Billa N, Doughty S. Monitoring model drug microencapsulation in PLGA scaffolds using X-ray powder diffraction. Saudi Pharm J 2016; 24:227-31. [PMID: 27013917 PMCID: PMC4792904 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2015.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The microencapsulation of three model drugs; metronidazole, paracetamol and sulphapyridine into Poly (dl-Lactide-Co-Glycolide) (PLGA) scaffolds were probed using X-ray Powder Diffraction (XRPD). Changes in the diffraction patterns of the PLGA scaffolds after encapsulation was suggestive of a chemical interaction between the pure drugs and the scaffolds and not a physical intermixture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeyinka Aina
- Department of Mathematics and Natural Science, American University of Iraq, Kirkuk Main Road, Raparin, Sulaimani, Iraq
- Drug Delivery Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Manish Gupta
- Drug Delivery Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia Campus, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yamina Boukari
- Drug Delivery Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Andrew Morris
- Drug Delivery Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Nashiru Billa
- Drug Delivery Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Stephen Doughty
- Drug Delivery Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
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26
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Agnew LR, Cruickshank DL, McGlone T, Wilson CC. Controlled production of the elusive metastable form II of acetaminophen (paracetamol): a fully scalable templating approach in a cooling environment. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:7368-71. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc01032f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A designed multi-component templating approach to paracetamol form-II provides a reproducible route to scalable (>100 g in a single run) production of this previously elusive polymorph, with its enhanced compressibility and solubility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren R. Agnew
- EPSRC Centre for Innovative Manufacturing in Continuous Manufacturing and Crystallisation
- University of Bath
- Bath
- UK
- Department of Chemistry
| | | | - Thomas McGlone
- EPSRC Centre for Innovative Manufacturing in Continuous Manufacturing and Crystallisation
- c/o Strathclyde Institute for Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences
- Technology and Innovation Centre
- Glasgow
- UK
| | - Chick C. Wilson
- EPSRC Centre for Innovative Manufacturing in Continuous Manufacturing and Crystallisation
- University of Bath
- Bath
- UK
- Department of Chemistry
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27
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Telford R, Seaton CC, Clout A, Buanz A, Gaisford S, Williams GR, Prior TJ, Okoye CH, Munshi T, Scowen IJ. Stabilisation of metastable polymorphs: the case of paracetamol form III. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:12028-12031. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc05006a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A unique approach is applied in preparing the first ‘air-stable’ formulation of form III of paracetamol, long regarded as a highly unstable form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Telford
- School of Chemistry and Forensic Sciences
- University of Bradford
- Bradford
- UK
| | - Colin C. Seaton
- School of Chemistry and Forensic Sciences
- University of Bradford
- Bradford
- UK
| | - Alexander Clout
- UCL School of Pharmacy
- University College London
- London WC1N 1AX
- UK
| | - Asma Buanz
- UCL School of Pharmacy
- University College London
- London WC1N 1AX
- UK
| | - Simon Gaisford
- UCL School of Pharmacy
- University College London
- London WC1N 1AX
- UK
| | | | | | | | - Tasnim Munshi
- School of Chemistry
- University of Lincoln
- Lincoln LN6 7DL
- UK
| | - Ian J. Scowen
- School of Chemistry
- University of Lincoln
- Lincoln LN6 7DL
- UK
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28
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Užarević K, Halasz I, Friščić T. Real-Time and In Situ Monitoring of Mechanochemical Reactions: A New Playground for All Chemists. J Phys Chem Lett 2015; 6:4129-40. [PMID: 26722788 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b01837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
We provide a brief overview of the first techniques for direct, real-time observation of mechanochemical reactions by milling. Whereas mechanisms and kinetics of solid-state reactions induced by temperature or pressure have been extensively investigated, transformations of materials under continuous impact in a milling assembly remain largely unexplored and based on ex situ studies. The recent introduction and development of techniques for in situ monitoring of milling reactions by synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction and Raman spectroscopy has enabled the first direct insight into milling mechanochemistry, opening a new area for studies of chemical reactivity. So far, these techniques have revealed rapid, multistep reaction mechanisms and metastable intermediates that are impossible or difficult to observe or isolate in solution and have highlighted shortcomings of ex situ mechanistic studies. These pioneering advances also highlight the low level of mechanistic understanding and future challenges in developing a clear mechanistic picture of physicochemical transformations by milling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krunoslav Užarević
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University , 801 Sherbrooke Street West, H3A 0B8 Montreal, Canada
- Ruđer Bošković Institute , Bijenička cesta 54, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivan Halasz
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University , 801 Sherbrooke Street West, H3A 0B8 Montreal, Canada
- Ruđer Bošković Institute , Bijenička cesta 54, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tomislav Friščić
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University , 801 Sherbrooke Street West, H3A 0B8 Montreal, Canada
- Ruđer Bošković Institute , Bijenička cesta 54, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
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29
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Halasz I, Friščić T, Kimber SAJ, Užarević K, Puškarić A, Mottillo C, Julien P, Strukil V, Honkimäki V, Dinnebier RE. Quantitative in situ and real-time monitoring of mechanochemical reactions. Faraday Discuss 2015; 170:203-21. [PMID: 25408067 DOI: 10.1039/c4fd00013g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An experimental technique for in situ and real-time monitoring of mechanochemical reactions in a shaker ball mill was recently described, which utilises highly penetrating X-ray radiation available at the ID15B beamline of the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility. Herein, we describe the first attempts to perform such reaction monitoring in a quantitative fashion, by introducing an internal X-ray diffraction standard. The use of silicon as an internal standard resolved the issue with variations of the amount of the sample in the X-ray beam due to the non-uniform distribution of the sample in the reaction jar and allowed, via Rietveld analysis, the first quantitative estimate of the amorphous phase content in a mechanochemical reaction as it is being milled. We also highlight problems associated with the non-ideal mixing of the reaction mixture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Halasz
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
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30
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Understanding pharmaceutical polymorphic transformations I: influence of process variables and storage conditions. Ther Deliv 2015; 5:1123-42. [PMID: 25418270 DOI: 10.4155/tde.14.68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) of a dosage form is affected by number of mechanical and environmental factors which have a tendency to alter its crystalline state. Polymorphic transitions have been observed to occur during various unit operations like granulation, milling and compression. Forces of pressure, shear and temperature have an ability to induce alterations in crystal habit. A conversion in polymorphic form during a unit operation is very likely to affect the handling of API in the subsequent unit operation. Transitions have also been observed during storage of formulations where the relative humidity and temperature play a major role. An increase in temperature during storage can dehydrate or desolvate the crystal and hence produce crystal defects, whilst, high humidity conditions produce higher molecular mobility leading to either crystallization of API or alteration of its crystalline form.
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31
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Hsu H, Adigun OO, Taylor LS, Murad S, Harris MT. Crystallization of acetaminophen on chitosan films blended with different acids. Chem Eng Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2014.10.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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32
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In situ X-ray diffraction monitoring of a mechanochemical reaction reveals a unique topology metal-organic framework. Nat Commun 2015; 6:6662. [DOI: 10.1038/ncomms7662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 246] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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33
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Steed KM, Steed JW. Packing problems: high Z' crystal structures and their relationship to cocrystals, inclusion compounds, and polymorphism. Chem Rev 2015; 115:2895-933. [PMID: 25675105 DOI: 10.1021/cr500564z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kirsty M Steed
- †SAgE Faculty, Newcastle University, Devonshire Building, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan W Steed
- ‡Department of Chemistry, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
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34
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Abstract
In situ Raman surface mapping on a trihydrate sample provides evidence for the existence of a transient phase X on the route to its stable anhydrous polymorph I. The phase transformation events are observed in the order trihydrate → transient phase → form I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagadeesh Babu Nanubolu
- Laboratory of Biophysics and Surface Analysis (LBSA)
- School of Pharmacy
- University of Nottingham
- Nottingham, UK
| | - Jonathan C. Burley
- Laboratory of Biophysics and Surface Analysis (LBSA)
- School of Pharmacy
- University of Nottingham
- Nottingham, UK
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35
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Gao Y, Olsen KW. Unique Mechanism of Facile Polymorphic Conversion of Acetaminophen in Aqueous Medium. Mol Pharm 2014; 11:3056-67. [DOI: 10.1021/mp500251w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Gao
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Loyola University Chicago, 1032 West Sheridan
Road, Chicago, Illinois 60660, United States
- Pharmaceutics, Research & Development, AbbVie, Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Kenneth W. Olsen
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Loyola University Chicago, 1032 West Sheridan
Road, Chicago, Illinois 60660, United States
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36
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Ehmann HMA, Werzer O. Surface Mediated Structures: Stabilization of Metastable Polymorphs on the Example of Paracetamol. CRYSTAL GROWTH & DESIGN 2014; 14:3680-3684. [PMID: 25126023 PMCID: PMC4125415 DOI: 10.1021/cg500573e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Revised: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The preparation of typically thermodynamically unstable polymorphic structures is a challenge. However, solid surfaces are well established aids for the formation and stabilization of polymorphic structures within, for instance, organic electronics. In this study, we report the stabilization of a pharmaceutically relevant substance via a solid surface at ambient conditions. Form III of paracetamol, which is typically unstable in the bulk at standard conditions, can be stabilized with a model silica surface by a standard spin coating procedure followed by rapid heat treatment. Such a preparation technique allows the use of atomic force microscopy and grazing incidence X-ray diffraction measurements revealing detailed information on the morphology and structure of the polymorph. Furthermore, the results exhibit that this polymorph is stable over a long period of time revealing surface mediated stabilization. These findings demonstrate a novel approach to provide thermodynamic stability when applied to similar molecules with specific applications.
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37
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Sene S, Berthomieu D, Donnadieu B, Richeter S, Vezzani J, Granier D, Bégu S, Mutin H, Gervais C, Laurencin D. A combined experimental-computational study of benzoxaborole crystal structures. CrystEngComm 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ce00313f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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38
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Brog JP, Chanez CL, Crochet A, Fromm KM. Polymorphism, what it is and how to identify it: a systematic review. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra41559g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Sudha C, Srinivasan K. Supersaturation dependent nucleation control and separation of mono, ortho and unstable polymorphs of paracetamol by swift cooling crystallization technique. CrystEngComm 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ce26681d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Nanubolu JB, Burley JC. Investigating the Recrystallization Behavior of Amorphous Paracetamol by Variable Temperature Raman Studies and Surface Raman Mapping. Mol Pharm 2012; 9:1544-58. [DOI: 10.1021/mp300035g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jagadeesh Babu Nanubolu
- Laboratory of Biophysics
and Surface Analysis, School
of Pharmacy, Boots Science Building, University of Nottingham, Nottingham,
U.K., NG7 2RD
| | - Jonathan C. Burley
- Laboratory of Biophysics
and Surface Analysis, School
of Pharmacy, Boots Science Building, University of Nottingham, Nottingham,
U.K., NG7 2RD
| |
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Chan EJ, Goossens DJ. Study of the single-crystal X-ray diffuse scattering in paracetamol polymorphs. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION B: STRUCTURAL SCIENCE 2012; 68:80-8. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108768111046295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2011] [Accepted: 11/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Single-crystal diffuse X-ray scattering from paracetamol polymorphs is successfully calculated with Monte Carlo (MC) models that are used to simulate the crystals. In order to obtain the correct model appropriate force constants are required that describe the interatomic potentials used in the MC algorithm. Coefficients for an empirical `Buckingham'-type formula are used to determine these force constants. These coefficients are subsequently refined using the least-squares method and are found to converge on similar values for both polymorphic forms. An investigation of the correlation space generated from each model provides what would be expected given that strong displacive correlations exist between the molecules comprising the densely hydrogen-bonded layers. More disordered motions between these layers are present in the model for form (II) as opposed to form (I). An investigation into the peculiarities of librational disorder was also conducted, however, correlation values turn out to be so small that any structural information concerning librational correlation is inconclusive. The purpose of this experiment was to identify if the diffuse scattering features could provide further insight into understanding the physical reasoning behind the metastability of form (II). The form (II) → (I) phase transition is also not currently well understood and usually phase transitional information can be obtained from pronounced diffuse scattering features. Since the diffuse scattering is modelled adequately using harmonic potentials it is our conjecture that the `diffuse' is essentially thermal in origin and does not afford any extra information about the form (II) → (I) phase transition.
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Trasi NS, Taylor LS. Effect of polymers on nucleation and crystal growth of amorphous acetaminophen. CrystEngComm 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ce25374g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Bag PP, Chen M, Sun CC, Reddy CM. Direct correlation among crystal structure, mechanical behaviour and tabletability in a trimorphic molecular compound. CrystEngComm 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ce25100k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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André V, M. da Piedade MF, Duarte MT. Revisiting paracetamol in a quest for new co-crystals. CrystEngComm 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ce25307k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Alkhalil A, Babu Nanubolu J, Burley JC. Analysis of phase transitions in molecular solids: quantitative assessment of phonon-mode vs intra-molecular spectral data. RSC Adv 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c1ra00422k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Tothadi S, Bhogala BR, Gorantla AR, Thakur TS, Jetti RKR, Desiraju GR. Triclabendazole: An Intriguing Case of Co-existence of Conformational and Tautomeric Polymorphism. Chem Asian J 2011; 7:330-42. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201100638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Bag PP, Patni M, Malla Reddy C. A kinetically controlled crystallization process for identifying new co-crystal forms: fast evaporation of solvent from solutions to dryness. CrystEngComm 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1ce05778b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Chadwick K, Myerson A, Trout B. Polymorphic control by heterogeneous nucleation - A new method for selecting crystalline substrates. CrystEngComm 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1ce05871a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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49
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Thermal analysis of paracetamol polymorphs by FT-IR spectroscopies. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2011; 54:295-302. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2010.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2010] [Revised: 08/10/2010] [Accepted: 08/17/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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50
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Gaisford S, Buanz AB, Jethwa N. Characterisation of paracetamol form III with rapid-heating DSC. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2010; 53:366-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2010.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2010] [Revised: 04/14/2010] [Accepted: 04/14/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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