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Abdollahi Z, Nejabat M, Abnous K, Hadizadeh F. The therapeutic value of thiazole and thiazolidine derivatives in Alzheimer's disease: a systematic literature review. Res Pharm Sci 2024; 19:1-12. [PMID: 39006977 PMCID: PMC11244712 DOI: 10.4103/1735-5362.394816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common neurodegenerative disease and the fifth leading cause of death among the elderly. The development of drugs for AD treatment is based on inhibiting cholinesterase (ChE) activity and inhibiting amyloid-beta peptide and tau protein aggregations. Many in vitro findings have demonstrated that thiazole-and thiazolidine-based compounds have a good inhibitory effect on ChE and other elements involved in the AD pathogenicity cascade. Experimental approach In the present review, we collected available documents to verify whether these synthetic compounds can be a step forward in developing new medications for AD. A systematic literature search was performed in major electronic databases in April 2021. Twenty-eight relevant in vitro and in vivo studies were found and used for data extraction. Findings/Results Findings demonstrated that thiazole-and thiazolidine-based compounds could ameliorate AD's pathologic condition by affecting various targets, including inhibition of ChE activity, amyloid-beta, and tau aggregation in addition to cyclin-dependent kinase 5/p25, beta-secretase-1, cyclooxygenase, and glycogen synthase kinase-3β. Conclusion and implications Due to multitarget effects at micromolar concentration, this review demonstrated that these synthetic compounds could be considered promising candidates for developing anti-Alzheimer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Abdollahi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mojgan Nejabat
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Khalil Abnous
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Farzin Hadizadeh
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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2
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Zhang P, Ma J, Liu X, Xue F, Zhang Y, Wang B, Jin W, Xia Y, Liu C. Electrochemical Synthesis of α-Thiocyanated/Methoxylated Ketones Using Enol Acetates. J Org Chem 2023; 88:16122-16131. [PMID: 37963225 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
We have developed the synthesis of α-substituted ketone compounds with enol acetates in an electrochemical way. By using cheap NH4SCN and MeOH as the radical sources, a series of valuable α-thiocyanates/methoxy ketones were synthesized under mild electrolysis conditions in acceptable yields with diverse functional group compatibility. Additionally, the scale-up experiment and synthetic transformations reveal potential applications in organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- Urumqi Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis and Synthesis Technology, Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals, Ministry of Education & Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon Based Energy Resources, College of Chemistry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, P. R. China
| | - Junwei Ma
- Key Laboratory of Optic-Electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Sciences, MOE, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Xuan Liu
- Urumqi Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis and Synthesis Technology, Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals, Ministry of Education & Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon Based Energy Resources, College of Chemistry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, P. R. China
| | - Fei Xue
- Urumqi Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis and Synthesis Technology, Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals, Ministry of Education & Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon Based Energy Resources, College of Chemistry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, P. R. China
| | - Yonghong Zhang
- Urumqi Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis and Synthesis Technology, Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals, Ministry of Education & Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon Based Energy Resources, College of Chemistry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, P. R. China
| | - Bin Wang
- Urumqi Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis and Synthesis Technology, Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals, Ministry of Education & Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon Based Energy Resources, College of Chemistry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, P. R. China
| | - Weiwei Jin
- Urumqi Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis and Synthesis Technology, Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals, Ministry of Education & Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon Based Energy Resources, College of Chemistry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, P. R. China
| | - Yu Xia
- Urumqi Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis and Synthesis Technology, Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals, Ministry of Education & Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon Based Energy Resources, College of Chemistry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, P. R. China
| | - Chenjiang Liu
- Urumqi Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis and Synthesis Technology, Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals, Ministry of Education & Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon Based Energy Resources, College of Chemistry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, P. R. China
- College of Future Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, P. R. China
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3
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Wahan SK, Chawla PA. Recent advances of heterocycle based anticancer hybrids. PHYSICAL SCIENCES REVIEWS 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/psr-2021-0217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Cancer is one of the major causes of death across the world. Cancer is a broad word that encompasses a wide range of illnesses that can affect any part of the body. Cancer research has increased understanding of molecular biology and cellular biology, resulting in new cancer therapies. Despite of adverse effects, surgery, radiation, and anticancer medicines are the modern cancer treatments. Keeping in mind the excellent anticancer activity exhibited by various heterocyclics, various medicines with heterocyclic moiety have been developed to identify particular target regions. The chapter aims to discuss new discoveries in the field of anticancer pharmaceuticals comprising the thiazole, pyrazole, oxazole, and triazole rings over the last five years. The proposed anticancer drugs have a lot of future significance due to their high potency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simranpreet K. Wahan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , ISF College of Pharmacy , Moga , Punjab - 142001 , India
| | - Pooja A. Chawla
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , ISF College of Pharmacy , Moga , Punjab - 142001 , India
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis , ISF College of Pharmacy , Moga - 142001 , India
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4
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Mostafa SM, Aly AA, Sayed SM, Raslan MA, Ahmed AE, Nafady A, Ishak EA, Shawky AM, Abdelhafez ESM. New Quinoline-2-one/thiazolium bromide Derivatives; Synthesis, Characterization and Mechanism of Formation. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.130501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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5
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Paternoga J, Kühlborn J, Rossdam NO, Opatz T. Hantzsch Ester-Mediated Photochemical Transformations in the Ketone Series: Remote C(sp3)–H Arylation and Cyclopentene Synthesis through Strain Release. J Org Chem 2021; 86:3232-3248. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c02591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Paternoga
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Duesbergweg 10−14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Jonas Kühlborn
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Duesbergweg 10−14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Nils Ole Rossdam
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Duesbergweg 10−14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Till Opatz
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Duesbergweg 10−14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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6
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Zhang Z, Shu B, Zhang Y, Deora GS, Li QS. 2,4,5-Trisubstituted Thiazole: A Privileged Scaffold in Drug Design and Activity Improvement. Curr Top Med Chem 2020; 20:2535-2577. [DOI: 10.2174/1568026620999200917153856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Thiazole is an important 5-membered heterocyclic compound containing nitrogen and sulfur
atoms with various pharmaceutical applications including anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-viral, hypoglycemic,
anti-bacterial and anti-fungal activities. Until now, the FDA-approved drugs containing thiazole
moiety have achieved great success such as dasatinib and dabrafenib. In recent years, considerable
research has been focused on thiazole derivatives, especially 2,4,5-trisubstituted thiazole derivatives,
due to their multiple medicinal applications. This review covers related literature in the past 20 years,
which reported the 2,4,5-trisubstituted thiazole as a privileged scaffold in drug design and activity improvement.
Moreover, this review aimed to provide greater insights into the rational design of more potent
pharmaceutical molecules based on 2,4,5-trisubstituted thiazole in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, China
| | - Bing Shu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China
| | - Yaodong Zhang
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Children's Genetics and Metabolic Diseases, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450018, China
| | - Girdhar Singh Deora
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Qing-Shan Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, China
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7
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See JY, Zhao Y. Ag-Catalyzed Thiocyanofunctionalization of Terminal Alkynes To Access Alkynylthiocyanates and α-Thiocyanoketones. Org Lett 2018; 20:7433-7436. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b03162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yang See
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543
| | - Yu Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543
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8
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Liang S, Zeng CC, Tian HY, Sun BG, Luo XG, Ren FZ. Redox Active Sodium Iodide/Recyclable Heterogeneous Solid Acid: An Efficient Dual Catalytic System for Electrochemically Oxidative α-C−H Thiocyanation and Sulfenylation of Ketones. Adv Synth Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201701401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sen Liang
- Beijing advanced innovation center for food nutrition and human health; School of Food and Chemical Engineering; Beijing Technology and Business University; Beijing 100048 People's Republic of China
- Beijing advanced innovation center for food nutrition and human health; College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering; China Agricultural University; Beijing 100083 People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng-Chu Zeng
- Beijing advanced innovation center for food nutrition and human health; School of Food and Chemical Engineering; Beijing Technology and Business University; Beijing 100048 People's Republic of China
- College of Life Science & Bioengineering; Beijing University of Technology; Beijing 100124 People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Yu Tian
- Beijing advanced innovation center for food nutrition and human health; School of Food and Chemical Engineering; Beijing Technology and Business University; Beijing 100048 People's Republic of China
| | - Bao-Guo Sun
- Beijing advanced innovation center for food nutrition and human health; School of Food and Chemical Engineering; Beijing Technology and Business University; Beijing 100048 People's Republic of China
| | - Xu-Gang Luo
- Beijing advanced innovation center for food nutrition and human health; College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering; China Agricultural University; Beijing 100083 People's Republic of China
| | - Fa-zheng Ren
- Beijing advanced innovation center for food nutrition and human health; College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering; China Agricultural University; Beijing 100083 People's Republic of China
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9
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Shi DH, Tang ZM, Liu YW, Harjani JR, Zhu HL, Ma XD, Song XK, Liu WW, Lu C, Yang WT, Song MQ. Design, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Novel 2-Phenylthiazole Derivatives for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease. ChemistrySelect 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201702087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Da-Hua Shi
- Jiangsu Institute of Marine Resources; Huaihai Institute of Technology; Lianyungang 222005 China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening; Huaihai Institute of Technology; Lianyungang 222005 China
- Co-Innovation Centre of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology; Lianyungang 222005 China
| | - Zong-ming Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening; Huaihai Institute of Technology; Lianyungang 222005 China
| | - Yu-Wei Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening; Huaihai Institute of Technology; Lianyungang 222005 China
| | - Jitendra R. Harjani
- Medicinal Chemistry; Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University; Parkville, VIC 3052 Australia
| | - Hui-Long Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening; Huaihai Institute of Technology; Lianyungang 222005 China
| | - Xiao-Dong Ma
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening; Huaihai Institute of Technology; Lianyungang 222005 China
| | - Xiao-Kai Song
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening; Huaihai Institute of Technology; Lianyungang 222005 China
| | - Wei-Wei Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening; Huaihai Institute of Technology; Lianyungang 222005 China
| | - Chen Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening; Huaihai Institute of Technology; Lianyungang 222005 China
| | - Wen-Tao Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening; Huaihai Institute of Technology; Lianyungang 222005 China
| | - Meng-Qiu Song
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening; Huaihai Institute of Technology; Lianyungang 222005 China
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10
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Shi DH, Tang ZM, Ma XD, Min W, Xu XJ, Liu YW, Song XK, Liu WW, Song MQ. Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Biological Evaluation of Novel 2-Phenylthiazole Derivatives as Multi-Targeting Agents to Treat Alzheimer's Disease. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2017. [DOI: 10.3184/174751917x15045169836217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Three novel 2-phenylthiazole derivatives were synthesised and characterised by spectroscopic techniques. The structure of the synthesised compounds was unambiguously confirmed by a single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis of ethyl 2-(4-{[5-(4-benzylpiperidin-1-yl)pentyl]oxy}phenyl)thiazole-4-carboxylate. All of the compounds presented good cholinesterase-inhibition activities and ethyl 2-(4-{[5-(4-benzylpiperidin-1-yl)pentyl]oxy}phenyl)thiazole-4-carboxylate showed the best acetylcholinesterase-inhibition and butyrylcholinesterase-inhibition abilities with IC50 values of 5.19 μM and 5.83 μM. The docking study demonstrated that it could interact with both the catalytic active site (CAS) and the peripheral anionic site (PAS) of acetylcholinesterase and could chelate with metal ions like Cu2+ and Zn2+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Hua Shi
- Jiangsu Institute of Marine Resources, Huaihai Institute of Technology, Lianyungang 222005, P.R. China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, Huaihai Institute of Technology, Lianyungang, 222005, P.R. China
- Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Lianyungang 222005, P.R. China
| | - Zong-Ming Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, Huaihai Institute of Technology, Lianyungang, 222005, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Dong Ma
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, Huaihai Institute of Technology, Lianyungang, 222005, P.R. China
| | - Wei Min
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, Huaihai Institute of Technology, Lianyungang, 222005, P.R. China
| | - Xiang-Jian Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, Huaihai Institute of Technology, Lianyungang, 222005, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Wei Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, Huaihai Institute of Technology, Lianyungang, 222005, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Kai Song
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, Huaihai Institute of Technology, Lianyungang, 222005, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Wei Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, Huaihai Institute of Technology, Lianyungang, 222005, P.R. China
| | - Meng-Qiu Song
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, Huaihai Institute of Technology, Lianyungang, 222005, P.R. China
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11
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Olaru AM, Roy SS, Lloyd LS, Coombes S, Green GGR, Duckett SB. Creating a hyperpolarised pseudo singlet state through polarisation transfer from parahydrogen under SABRE. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:7842-5. [PMID: 27242264 PMCID: PMC5159739 DOI: 10.1039/c6cc02020h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The creation of magnetic states that have long lifetimes has been the subject of intense investigation, in part because of their potential to survive the time taken to travel from the point of injection in a patient to the point where a clinically diagnostic MRI trace is collected. We show here that it is possible to harness the signal amplification by reversible exchange (SABRE) process to create such states in a hyperpolarised form that improves their detectability in seconds without the need for any chemical change by reference to the model substrate 2-aminothiazole. We achieve this by transferring Zeeman derived polarisation that is 1500 times larger than that normally available at 400 MHz with greater than 90% efficiency into the new state, which in this case has a 27 second lifetime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra M Olaru
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK.
| | - Soumya S Roy
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK.
| | - Lyrelle S Lloyd
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK.
| | - Steven Coombes
- AstraZeneca R&D Pharmaceutical Development, Silk Road Business Park, Charter Way, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 2NA, UK
| | - Gary G R Green
- York Neuroimaging Centre, The Biocentre, York Science Park, Innovation Way, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Simon B Duckett
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK.
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12
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Husain AA, Maknenko AM, Bisht KS. Spatially Directional Resorcin[4]arene Cavitand Glycoconjugates for Organic Catalysis. Chemistry 2016; 22:6223-7. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201600352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ali A. Husain
- Department of Chemistry; University of South Florida; 4202 East Fowler Avenue Tampa Florida 33620 USA
| | - Arthur M. Maknenko
- Department of Chemistry; University of South Florida; 4202 East Fowler Avenue Tampa Florida 33620 USA
| | - Kirpal S. Bisht
- Department of Chemistry; University of South Florida; 4202 East Fowler Avenue Tampa Florida 33620 USA
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13
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Paranjape SR, Riley AP, Somoza AD, Oakley CE, Wang CCC, Prisinzano TE, Oakley BR, Gamblin TC. Azaphilones inhibit tau aggregation and dissolve tau aggregates in vitro. ACS Chem Neurosci 2015; 6:751-60. [PMID: 25822288 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.5b00013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The aggregation of the microtubule-associated protein tau is a seminal event in many neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease. The inhibition or reversal of tau aggregation is therefore a potential therapeutic strategy for these diseases. Fungal natural products have proven to be a rich source of useful compounds having wide varieties of biological activities. We have previously screened Aspergillus nidulans secondary metabolites for their ability to inhibit tau aggregation in vitro using an arachidonic acid polymerization protocol. One aggregation inhibitor identified was asperbenzaldehyde, an intermediate in azaphilone biosynthesis. We therefore tested 11 azaphilone derivatives to determine their tau assembly inhibition properties in vitro. All compounds tested inhibited tau filament assembly to some extent, and four of the 11 compounds had the advantageous property of disassembling preformed tau aggregates in a dose-dependent fashion. The addition of these compounds to the tau aggregates reduced both the total length and number of tau polymers. The most potent compounds were tested in in vitro reactions to determine whether they interfere with tau's normal function of stabilizing microtubules (MTs). We found that they did not completely inhibit MT assembly in the presence of tau. These derivatives are very promising lead compounds for tau aggregation inhibitors and, more excitingly, for compounds that can disassemble pre-existing tau filaments. They also represent a new class of anti-tau aggregation compounds with a novel structural scaffold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smita R. Paranjape
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, ‡Department of Chemistry, ⊥Department of Medicinal
Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
- Department of Chemistry, ∥Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences,
School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Andrew P. Riley
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, ‡Department of Chemistry, ⊥Department of Medicinal
Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
- Department of Chemistry, ∥Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences,
School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Amber D. Somoza
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, ‡Department of Chemistry, ⊥Department of Medicinal
Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
- Department of Chemistry, ∥Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences,
School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - C. Elizabeth Oakley
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, ‡Department of Chemistry, ⊥Department of Medicinal
Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
- Department of Chemistry, ∥Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences,
School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Clay C. C. Wang
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, ‡Department of Chemistry, ⊥Department of Medicinal
Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
- Department of Chemistry, ∥Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences,
School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Thomas E. Prisinzano
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, ‡Department of Chemistry, ⊥Department of Medicinal
Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
- Department of Chemistry, ∥Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences,
School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Berl R. Oakley
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, ‡Department of Chemistry, ⊥Department of Medicinal
Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
- Department of Chemistry, ∥Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences,
School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - T. Chris Gamblin
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, ‡Department of Chemistry, ⊥Department of Medicinal
Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
- Department of Chemistry, ∥Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences,
School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
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14
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Thiazole: a promising heterocycle for the development of potent CNS active agents. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 92:1-34. [PMID: 25544146 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Revised: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Thiazole is a valuable scaffold in the field of medicinal chemistry and has accounted to display a variety of biological activities. Thiazole and its derivatives have attracted continuing interest to design various novel CNS active agents. In the past few decades, thiazoles have been widely used to develop a variety of therapeutic agents against numerous CNS targets. Thiazole containing drug molecules are currently being used in treatment of various CNS disorders and a number of thiazole derivatives are also presently in clinical trials. A lot of research has been carried out on thiazole and their analogues, which has proved their efficacy to overcome several CNS disorders in rodent as well as primate models. The aim of present review is to highlights diverse CNS activities displayed by thiazole and their derivatives. SAR of this nucleus has also been well discussed. This review covers the recent updates present in literature and will surely provide a greater insight for the designing and development of potent thiazole based CNS active agents in future.
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15
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Cacabelos R, Cacabelos P, Torrellas C, Tellado I, Carril JC. Pharmacogenomics of Alzheimer's disease: novel therapeutic strategies for drug development. Methods Mol Biol 2014; 1175:323-556. [PMID: 25150875 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-0956-8_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a major problem of health and disability, with a relevant economic impact on our society. Despite important advances in pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment, its primary causes still remain elusive, accurate biomarkers are not well characterized, and the available pharmacological treatments are not cost-effective. As a complex disorder, AD is a polygenic and multifactorial clinical entity in which hundreds of defective genes distributed across the human genome may contribute to its pathogenesis. Diverse environmental factors, cerebrovascular dysfunction, and epigenetic phenomena, together with structural and functional genomic dysfunctions, lead to amyloid deposition, neurofibrillary tangle formation, and premature neuronal death, the major neuropathological hallmarks of AD. Future perspectives for the global management of AD predict that genomics and proteomics may help in the search for reliable biomarkers. In practical terms, the therapeutic response to conventional drugs (cholinesterase inhibitors, multifactorial strategies) is genotype-specific. Genomic factors potentially involved in AD pharmacogenomics include at least five categories of gene clusters: (1) genes associated with disease pathogenesis; (2) genes associated with the mechanism of action of drugs; (3) genes associated with drug metabolism (phase I and II reactions); (4) genes associated with drug transporters; and (5) pleiotropic genes involved in multifaceted cascades and metabolic reactions. The implementation of pharmacogenomic strategies will contribute to optimize drug development and therapeutics in AD and related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramón Cacabelos
- Chair of Genomic Medicine, Camilo José Cela University, 28692, Villanueva de la Cañada, Madrid, Spain,
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Ali AR, El-Bendary ER, Ghaly MA, Shehata IA. Novel acetamidothiazole derivatives: synthesis and in vitro anticancer evaluation. Eur J Med Chem 2013; 69:908-19. [PMID: 24125851 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2013] [Revised: 07/09/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A novel series of acetamide derivatives possessing both 2-imino-4-arylthiazoles and morpholine or different piperazines were synthesized and characterized by IR, (1)H NMR, (13)C NMR, elemental and mass spectral analyses. Twelve compounds were granted NSC codes at National Cancer Institute (NCI), USA for anticancer activity at a single high dose (10(-5) M) in full NCI 60 cell panel. Among the compounds tested, compounds 5a and 6b were found to be the most active candidates of the synthesized series. Assessment of toxicities, druglikeness, and drug score profiles of compounds 5a and 6b are promising. Some of the synthesized compounds showed a good docking score with potential anticancer targets, chosen based on pharmacophore mapping of the established derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed R Ali
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Mansoura, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.
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Bhatia S, Malkhede YJ, Bharatam PV. Existence of dynamic tautomerism and divalent N(I) character in N-(pyridin-2-yl)thiazol-2-amine. J Comput Chem 2013; 34:1577-88. [PMID: 23609068 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.23293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2012] [Revised: 03/14/2013] [Accepted: 03/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
N-(pyridin-2-yl)thiazol-2-amine is a versatile chemical functional unit present in many therapeutically important species. Quantum chemical analysis shows that there are six competitive isomeric structures possible for this class of compounds within a relative energy difference of ∼4 kcal/mol. Some of the isomeric structures possess divalent N(I) character. There appears to be a competition between the thiazole and pyridine groups to accommodate the tautomeric hydrogen, and consequently show electron donating property in the structure with R-N←L representation. Details of electron distribution, tautomeric preferences, protonation energy, and divalent N(I) character, and so on, of this class of compounds are presented in this article. Subsequently, upon protonation, (L→N←L)(⊕) character is clearly evident in these moieties as molecular orbital analysis clearly shows two lone pairs of electrons on the central nitrogen, in this system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonam Bhatia
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector-67, S. A. S. Nagar, Mohali, Punjab, 160 062, India
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Kovalenko SI, Nosulenko IS, Voskoboynik AY, Berest GG, Antypenko LN, Antypenko AN, Katsev AM. Substituted 2-[(2-Oxo-2H-[1,2,4]triazino [2,3-c]quinazolin-6-yl)thio]acetamides with Thiazole and Thiadiazole Fragments: Synthesis, Physicochemical Properties, Cytotoxicity, and Anticancer Activity. Sci Pharm 2012; 80:837-65. [PMID: 23264935 PMCID: PMC3528059 DOI: 10.3797/scipharm.1208-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2012] [Accepted: 10/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The series of novel N-R-2-[(3-R-2-oxo-2H-[1,2,4]triazino[2,3-c]quinazolin-6-yl)thio]acetamides with thiazole and thiadiazole fragments in a molecule were obtained by alkylation of potassium salts 1.1–1.4 by N-hetaryl-2-chloroacetamides and by aminolysis of activated acids 2.1–2.4 with N,N’-carbonyldiimidazole (CDI). The structures of compounds were determined by IR, 1H NMR, MS, and EI-MS analysis. The results of cytotoxicity evaluated by the bioluminescence inhibition of bacterium Photobacterium leiognathi, Sh1 showed that the compounds have considerable cytotoxicity. The synthesized compounds were tested for anticancer activity in NCI against 60 cell lines. Among the highly active compounds 3.1, 3.2, and 6.5, 2-[(3-methyl-2-oxo-2H-[1,2,4]triazino[2,3-c]quinazolin-6-yl)thio]-N-(1,3-thiazol-2-yl)acetamide (3.1) was found to be the most active anticancer agent against the cell lines of colon cancer (GI50 at 0.41–0.69 μM), melanoma (GI50 0.48–13.50 μM), and ovarian cancer (GI50 0.25–5.01 μM). The structure-activity relationship (SAR-analysis) was discussed.
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Himmelstein DS, Ward SM, Lancia JK, Patterson KR, Binder LI. Tau as a therapeutic target in neurodegenerative disease. Pharmacol Ther 2012; 136:8-22. [PMID: 22790092 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2012.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2012] [Accepted: 06/22/2012] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Tau is a microtubule-associated protein thought to help modulate the stability of neuronal microtubules. In tauopathies, including Alzheimer's disease and several frontotemporal dementias, tau is abnormally modified and misfolded resulting in its disassociation from microtubules and the generation of pathological lesions characteristic for each disease. A recent surge in the population of people with neurodegenerative tauopathies has highlighted the immense need for disease-modifying therapies for these conditions, and new attention has focused on tau as a potential target for intervention. In the current work we summarize evidence linking tau to disease pathogenesis and review recent therapeutic approaches aimed at ameliorating tau dysfunction. The primary therapeutic tactics considered include kinase inhibitors and phosphatase activators, immunotherapies, small molecule inhibitors of protein aggregation, and microtubule-stabilizing agents. Although the evidence for tau-based treatments is encouraging, additional work is undoubtedly needed to optimize each treatment strategy for the successful development of safe and effective therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana S Himmelstein
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Tarry 8-754, 300 E. Superior St., Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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