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Berkowitz ST, Finn AP. Gene therapy for age-related macular degeneration: potential, feasibility, and pitfalls. Curr Opin Ophthalmol 2024; 35:170-177. [PMID: 38441066 DOI: 10.1097/icu.0000000000001043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The landscape for age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is rapidly changing with addition of biosimilars and now United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved nonneovascular AMD (nnAMD) treatment options. These developments have inspired a burgeoning pipeline of gene therapy approaches focused on similar antivascular endothelial growth factors (VEGF) and complement related pathways. Historic and more recent setbacks in the gene therapy pipeline, including intraocular inflammatory reactions, have raised important concerns for adverse events related to AMD therapeutics both for gene and nongene approaches. The specific clinical profile of these therapeutics approaching later stage clinical trials are complex and under active investigation; however, these options hold promise to disrupt the current landscape and change management paradigms for one of the leading causes of vision loss worldwide. RECENT FINDINGS This review covers current gene therapy approaches for neovascular AMD (nAMD) and nnAMD. Intravitreal, suprachoroidal, and subretinal delivery routes are discussed with attention to technical procedure, capabilities for transgene delivery to target tissue, immunogenicity, and collateral effects. Suprachoroidal delivery is an emerging approach which may bridge some of the practical drawbacks for intravitreal and subretinal methods, though with less elaborated immunologic profile. In parallel to delivery modification, viral vectors have been cultivated to target specific cells, with promising enhancements in adeno-associated viral (AAV) vectors and persistent interest in alternate viral and nonviral delivery vectors. Ongoing questions such as steroid or immunosuppressive regimen and economic considerations from a payer and societal perspective are discussed. SUMMARY The present review discusses emerging gene therapy options which could foster new, more durable nAMD and nnAMD therapeutics. These options will need refinement with regards to route, vector, and dosage, and specialists must decipher the specific clinical risk benefit profile for individual patients. Ongoing concerns for immunogenicity or dosage related adverse events could stifle progress, while further vector development and refined delivery techniques have the potential to change the safety and efficacy of currently options in the pipeline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean T Berkowitz
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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2
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Albuquerque LJC, de Oliveira FA, Christoffolete MA, Nascimento-Sales M, Berger S, Wagner E, Lächelt U, Giacomelli FC. Nucleic acid delivery to retinal cells using lipopeptides as a potential tool towards ocular gene therapies. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 655:346-356. [PMID: 37948808 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated the use of lipopeptides capable to bind to nucleic acids towards plasmid DNA (pDNA) delivery. The investigations were particularly focused on arising retinal pigment epithelial cells (ARPE-19) as motivated by the considerable number of ocular disorders linked to gene aberrations. The lipopeptides comprised the artificial oligoamino acid succinyl-tetraethylene pentamine (Stp) as well as incorporated lysines, histidines, cysteines, fatty acids, and tyrosine trimers. Regardless of the structural differences, the lipopeptides demonstrated to efficiently condense pDNA at nitrogen-to-phosphate molar ratio (N/P) ≥ 6. Spheric nanoparticles were observed by cryo-TEM and dynamic light scattering determined hydrodynamic sizes ranging from 50 to 130 nm. The biological assays evidenced highly efficient pDNA delivery with a lower degree of cytotoxicity compared to the well-known transfecting agent linear polyethylenimine (LPEI). Although more efficient than LPEI, cysteine-containing carriers were demonstrated to be less efficient than the other counterparts possibly due to exceeding polyplex stabilization via disulfide cross links, which could hamper pDNA unpacking at the target site. Therefore, clearly a balance between complex stability and cargo release should be taken into account to optimize the transfection efficiency of the non-viral vectors. The gene transfer activity in ARPE-19 cells suggests the applicability of this kind of carrier for ocular treatments based on retinal gene delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Simone Berger
- Department of Pharmacy and Center for NanoScience (CeNs), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Ernst Wagner
- Department of Pharmacy and Center for NanoScience (CeNs), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Ulrich Lächelt
- Department of Pharmacy and Center for NanoScience (CeNs), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Fernando C Giacomelli
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, Brazil.
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3
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Abu-Huwaij R, Alkarawi A, Salman D, Alkarawi F. Exploring the use of niosomes in cosmetics for efficient dermal drug delivery. Pharm Dev Technol 2023; 28:708-718. [PMID: 37448342 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2023.2233613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Dermal drug delivery has emerged as a promising alternative to traditional methods of drug administration due to its non-invasive nature and ease of use. However, the stratum corneum, the outermost layer of the skin, presents a significant barrier to drug penetration. Niosomes, self-assembled vesicular structures composed of nonionic surfactants and cholesterol, have been extensively investigated as a means of overcoming this barrier and improving the efficacy of dermal drug delivery. This review summarizes the current state of research on the use of niosomes in dermal drug delivery in cosmetics, with a particular focus on their formulation, characterization, and application in the delivery of various drug classes. The review highlights the advantages of niosomes over conventional drug delivery methods, including improved solubility and stability of drugs, controlled release, and enhanced skin permeation. The review also discusses the challenges associated with niosome-based drug delivery, such as their complex formulation and optimization, and the need for further studies on their long-term safety and toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adian Alkarawi
- College of Pharmacy, Amman Arab University, Mubis, Jordan
| | - Dima Salman
- College of Pharmacy, Amman Arab University, Mubis, Jordan
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4
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Rotov AY, Romanov IS, Tarakanchikova YV, Astakhova LA. Application Prospects for Synthetic Nanoparticles in Optogenetic Retinal Prosthetics. J EVOL BIOCHEM PHYS+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022093021060132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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5
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How Far Are Non-Viral Vectors to Come of Age and Reach Clinical Translation in Gene Therapy? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147545. [PMID: 34299164 PMCID: PMC8304344 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Efficient delivery of genetic material into cells is a critical process to translate gene therapy into clinical practice. In this sense, the increased knowledge acquired during past years in the molecular biology and nanotechnology fields has contributed to the development of different kinds of non-viral vector systems as a promising alternative to virus-based gene delivery counterparts. Consequently, the development of non-viral vectors has gained attention, and nowadays, gene delivery mediated by these systems is considered as the cornerstone of modern gene therapy due to relevant advantages such as low toxicity, poor immunogenicity and high packing capacity. However, despite these relevant advantages, non-viral vectors have been poorly translated into clinical success. This review addresses some critical issues that need to be considered for clinical practice application of non-viral vectors in mainstream medicine, such as efficiency, biocompatibility, long-lasting effect, route of administration, design of experimental condition or commercialization process. In addition, potential strategies for overcoming main hurdles are also addressed. Overall, this review aims to raise awareness among the scientific community and help researchers gain knowledge in the design of safe and efficient non-viral gene delivery systems for clinical applications to progress in the gene therapy field.
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6
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Botto C, Rucli M, Tekinsoy MD, Pulman J, Sahel JA, Dalkara D. Early and late stage gene therapy interventions for inherited retinal degenerations. Prog Retin Eye Res 2021; 86:100975. [PMID: 34058340 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2021.100975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Inherited and age-related retinal degeneration is the hallmark of a large group of heterogeneous diseases and is the main cause of untreatable blindness today. Genetic factors play a major pathogenic role in retinal degenerations for both monogenic diseases (such as retinitis pigmentosa) and complex diseases with established genetic risk factors (such as age-related macular degeneration). Progress in genotyping techniques and back of the eye imaging are completing our understanding of these diseases and their manifestations in patient populations suffering from retinal degenerations. It is clear that whatever the genetic cause, the majority of vision loss in retinal diseases results from the loss of photoreceptor function. The timing and circumstances surrounding the loss of photoreceptor function determine the adequate therapeutic approach to use for each patient. Among such approaches, gene therapy is rapidly becoming a therapeutic reality applicable in the clinic. This massive move from laboratory work towards clinical application has been propelled by the advances in our understanding of disease genetics and mechanisms, gene delivery vectors, gene editing systems, and compensatory strategies for loss of photoreceptor function. Here, we provide an overview of existing modalities of retinal gene therapy and their relevance based on the needs of patient populations suffering from inherited retinal degenerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Botto
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, F-75012, Paris, France
| | - Marco Rucli
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, F-75012, Paris, France
| | - Müge Defne Tekinsoy
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, F-75012, Paris, France
| | - Juliette Pulman
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, F-75012, Paris, France
| | - José-Alain Sahel
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, F-75012, Paris, France; Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, United States; CHNO des Quinze-Vingts, INSERM-DGOS CIC 1423, F-75012, Paris, France; Fondation Ophtalmologique Rothschild, F-75019, Paris, France
| | - Deniz Dalkara
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, F-75012, Paris, France.
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Jiang J, Zhang X, Tang Y, Li S, Chen J. Progress on ocular siRNA gene-silencing therapy and drug delivery systems. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2020; 35:4-24. [PMID: 32298491 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and glaucoma are global ocular diseases with high blindness rate. RNA interference (RNAi) is being increasingly used in the treatment of these disorders with siRNA drugs, bevasiranib, AGN211745 and PF-04523655 for AMD, and SYL040012 and QPI-1007 for glaucoma. Administration routes and vectors of gene drugs affect their therapeutic effect. Compared with the non-viral vectors, viral vectors have limited payload capacity and potential immunogenicity. This review summarizes the progress of the ocular siRNA gene-silencing therapy by focusing on siRNA drugs for AMD and glaucoma already used in clinical research, the main routes of drug delivery and the non-viral vectors for siRNA drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, No.1, DongQing Road, Guiyang, 550014, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, No.639, Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinru Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, No.1, DongQing Road, Guiyang, 550014, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, No.639, Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, No.1, DongQing Road, Guiyang, 550014, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, No.639, Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuhan Li
- Department of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, No.639, Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, No.639, Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China
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8
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Polyplexes for gene and nucleic acid delivery: Progress and bottlenecks. Eur J Pharm Sci 2020; 150:105358. [PMID: 32360232 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2020.105358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Gene and nucleic acid delivery constitute a huge biological challenge and several attempts have been made by research laboratories to address this issue. Cationic polymers and cationic lipids (positively charged carriers) can be utilized for the transport of these biomolecules. Polyplexes (PPs) are interpolyelectrolyte complexes which are spontaneously formed through the electrostatic condensation between nucleic acid and a cationic polymer. PPs are capable of high-density payload condensation leading to cell internalization and subsequent protection from enzymatic degradation. Most cationic polymers can cross extracellular barriers, but it is more challenging to overcome intracellular barriers (efficient disassembly and endosomal escape). In this review, the use of PPs for gene and nucleic acid delivery is discussed.
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9
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AL Qtaish N, Gallego I, Villate-Beitia I, Sainz-Ramos M, López-Méndez TB, Grijalvo S, Eritja R, Soto-Sánchez C, Martínez-Navarrete G, Fernández E, Puras G, Pedraz JL. Niosome-Based Approach for In Situ Gene Delivery to Retina and Brain Cortex as Immune-Privileged Tissues. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12030198. [PMID: 32106545 PMCID: PMC7150807 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12030198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-viral vectors have emerged as a promising alternative to viral gene delivery systems due to their safer profile. Among non-viral vectors, recently, niosomes have shown favorable properties for gene delivery, including low toxicity, high stability, and easy production. The three main components of niosome formulations include a cationic lipid that is responsible for the electrostatic interactions with the negatively charged genetic material, a non-ionic surfactant that enhances the long-term stability of the niosome, and a helper component that can be added to improve its physicochemical properties and biological performance. This review is aimed at providing recent information about niosome-based non-viral vectors for gene delivery purposes. Specially, we will discuss the composition, preparation methods, physicochemical properties, and biological evaluation of niosomes and corresponding nioplexes that result from the addition of the genetic material onto their cationic surface. Next, we will focus on the in situ application of such niosomes to deliver the genetic material into immune-privileged tissues such as the brain cortex and the retina. Finally, as future perspectives, non-invasive administration routes and different targeting strategies will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuseibah AL Qtaish
- NanoBioCel group, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), E-01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (N.A.Q.); (I.G.); (I.V.-B.); (M.S.-R.); (T.B.L.-M.)
- Networking Research Centre of Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), E-01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Idoia Gallego
- NanoBioCel group, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), E-01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (N.A.Q.); (I.G.); (I.V.-B.); (M.S.-R.); (T.B.L.-M.)
- Networking Research Centre of Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), E-01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Ilia Villate-Beitia
- NanoBioCel group, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), E-01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (N.A.Q.); (I.G.); (I.V.-B.); (M.S.-R.); (T.B.L.-M.)
- Networking Research Centre of Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), E-01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Myriam Sainz-Ramos
- NanoBioCel group, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), E-01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (N.A.Q.); (I.G.); (I.V.-B.); (M.S.-R.); (T.B.L.-M.)
- Networking Research Centre of Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), E-01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Tania Belén López-Méndez
- NanoBioCel group, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), E-01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (N.A.Q.); (I.G.); (I.V.-B.); (M.S.-R.); (T.B.L.-M.)
- Networking Research Centre of Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), E-01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Santiago Grijalvo
- Networking Research Centre of Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), E-08034 Barcelona, Spain; (S.G.); (R.E.)
- Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia, (IQAC-CSIC), E-08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramón Eritja
- Networking Research Centre of Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), E-08034 Barcelona, Spain; (S.G.); (R.E.)
- Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia, (IQAC-CSIC), E-08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Soto-Sánchez
- Neuroprothesis and Neuroengineering Research Group, Miguel Hernández University, E-03202 Elche, Spain; (C.S.-S.); (G.M.-N.); (E.F.)
| | - Gema Martínez-Navarrete
- Neuroprothesis and Neuroengineering Research Group, Miguel Hernández University, E-03202 Elche, Spain; (C.S.-S.); (G.M.-N.); (E.F.)
- Networking Research Centre for Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), E-03202 Elche, Spain
| | - Eduardo Fernández
- Neuroprothesis and Neuroengineering Research Group, Miguel Hernández University, E-03202 Elche, Spain; (C.S.-S.); (G.M.-N.); (E.F.)
- Networking Research Centre for Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), E-03202 Elche, Spain
| | - Gustavo Puras
- NanoBioCel group, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), E-01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (N.A.Q.); (I.G.); (I.V.-B.); (M.S.-R.); (T.B.L.-M.)
- Networking Research Centre of Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), E-01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- Correspondence: (G.P.); (J.L.P.); Tel.: +34-945014536 (G.P.); +34-945013091 (J.L.P.)
| | - José Luis Pedraz
- NanoBioCel group, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), E-01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (N.A.Q.); (I.G.); (I.V.-B.); (M.S.-R.); (T.B.L.-M.)
- Networking Research Centre of Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), E-01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- Correspondence: (G.P.); (J.L.P.); Tel.: +34-945014536 (G.P.); +34-945013091 (J.L.P.)
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Dubashynskaya N, Poshina D, Raik S, Urtti A, Skorik YA. Polysaccharides in Ocular Drug Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2019; 12:E22. [PMID: 31878298 PMCID: PMC7023054 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12010022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Polysaccharides, such as cellulose, hyaluronic acid, alginic acid, and chitosan, as well as polysaccharide derivatives, have been successfully used to augment drug delivery in the treatment of ocular pathologies. The properties of polysaccharides can be extensively modified to optimize ocular drug formulations and to obtain biocompatible and biodegradable drugs with improved bioavailability and tailored pharmacological effects. This review discusses the available polysaccharide choices for overcoming the difficulties associated with ocular drug delivery, and it explores the reasons for the dependence between the physicochemical properties of polysaccharide-based drug carriers and their efficiency in different formulations and applications. Polysaccharides will continue to be of great interest to researchers endeavoring to develop ophthalmic drugs with improved effectiveness and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natallia Dubashynskaya
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Bolshoy pr. V.O. 31, 199004 St. Petersburg, Russia; (N.D.); (D.P.); (S.R.)
| | - Daria Poshina
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Bolshoy pr. V.O. 31, 199004 St. Petersburg, Russia; (N.D.); (D.P.); (S.R.)
| | - Sergei Raik
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Bolshoy pr. V.O. 31, 199004 St. Petersburg, Russia; (N.D.); (D.P.); (S.R.)
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskii pr. 26, Petrodvorets, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Arto Urtti
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskii pr. 26, Petrodvorets, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia;
- Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Yury A. Skorik
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Bolshoy pr. V.O. 31, 199004 St. Petersburg, Russia; (N.D.); (D.P.); (S.R.)
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskii pr. 26, Petrodvorets, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia;
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Attia N, Mashal M, Soto-Sánchez C, Martínez-Navarrete G, Fernández E, Grijalvo S, Eritja R, Puras G, Pedraz JL. Gene transfer to rat cerebral cortex mediated by polysorbate 80 and poloxamer 188 nonionic surfactant vesicles. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2018; 12:3937-3949. [PMID: 30510402 PMCID: PMC6248232 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s178532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background Gene therapy can be an intriguing therapeutic option in wide-ranging neurological disorders. Though nonviral gene carriers represent a safer delivery system to their viral counterparts, a thorough design of such vehicles is crucial to enhance their transfection properties. Purpose This study evaluated the effects of combined use of two nonionic surfactants, poloxamer 188 (P) and polysorbate 80 (P80) into nanovesicles – based on 2,3-di(tetradecyloxy)propan-1-amine cationic lipid (D) – destined for gene delivery to central nervous system cells. Methods Niosome formulations without and with poloxamer 188 (DP80 and DPP80, respectively) were prepared by the reverse-phase evaporation technique and characterized in terms of size, surface charge, and morphology. After the addition of pCMS-EGFP plasmid, the binding efficiency to the niosomes was evaluated in agarose gel electrophoresis assays. Additionally, transfection efficiency of complexes was also evaluated in in vitro and in vivo conditions. Results In vitro experiments on NT2 cells revealed that the complexes based on a surfactant combination (DPP80) enhanced cellular uptake and viability when compared with the DP80 counterparts. Interestingly, DPP80 complexes showed protein expression in glial cells after administration into the cerebral cortices of rats. Conclusion These data provide new insights for glia-centered approach for gene therapy of nervous system disorders using cationic nanovesicles, where nonionic surfactants play a pivotal role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noha Attia
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain, ; .,Medical Histology and Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt.,Department of Basic Sciences, The American University of Antigua-College of Medicine, Coolidge, Antigua and Barbuda
| | - Mohamed Mashal
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain, ;
| | - Cristina Soto-Sánchez
- Networking Research Centre of Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain, ; .,Neuroprothesis and Neuroengineering Research Group, Miguel Hernández University, Elche, Spain
| | - Gema Martínez-Navarrete
- Networking Research Centre of Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain, ; .,Neuroprothesis and Neuroengineering Research Group, Miguel Hernández University, Elche, Spain
| | - Eduardo Fernández
- Networking Research Centre of Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain, ; .,Neuroprothesis and Neuroengineering Research Group, Miguel Hernández University, Elche, Spain
| | - Santiago Grijalvo
- Networking Research Centre of Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain, ; .,Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramón Eritja
- Networking Research Centre of Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain, ; .,Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gustavo Puras
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain, ; .,Networking Research Centre of Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain, ;
| | - Jose Luis Pedraz
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain, ; .,Networking Research Centre of Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain, ;
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12
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Planul
- Inserm, Institut de la Vision, UMR S968, 75012 Paris, France;,
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 6, UMR S968, 75012 Paris, France
- CNRS, UMR 7210, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Deniz Dalkara
- Inserm, Institut de la Vision, UMR S968, 75012 Paris, France;,
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 6, UMR S968, 75012 Paris, France
- CNRS, UMR 7210, 75012 Paris, France
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Villate-Beitia I, Puras G, Soto-Sánchez C, Agirre M, Ojeda E, Zarate J, Fernández E, Pedraz JL. Non-viral vectors based on magnetoplexes, lipoplexes and polyplexes for VEGF gene delivery into central nervous system cells. Int J Pharm 2017; 521:130-140. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Revised: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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14
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Megías R, Arco M, Ciriza J, Saenz del Burgo L, Puras G, López-Viota M, Delgado ÁV, Dobson JP, Arias JL, Pedraz JL. Design and characterization of a magnetite/PEI multifunctional nanohybrid as non-viral vector and cell isolation system. Int J Pharm 2017; 518:270-280. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.12.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Revised: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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15
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In vivo genome editing as a potential treatment strategy for inherited retinal dystrophies. Prog Retin Eye Res 2016; 56:1-18. [PMID: 27623223 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2016.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Revised: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In vivo genome editing represents an emerging field in the treatment of monogenic disorders, as it may constitute a solution to the current hurdles in classic gene addition therapy, which are the low levels and limited duration of transgene expression. Following the introduction of a double strand break (DSB) at the mutational site by highly specific endonucleases, such as TALENs (transcription activator like effector nucleases) or RNA based nucleases (clustered regulatory interspaced short palindromic repeats - CRISPR-Cas), the cell's own DNA repair machinery restores integrity to the DNA strand and corrects the mutant sequence, thus allowing the cell to produce protein levels as needed. The DNA repair happens either through the error prone non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) pathway or with high fidelity through homology directed repair (HDR) in the presence of a DNA donor template. A third pathway called microhomology mediated endjoining (MMEJ) has been recently discovered. In this review, the authors focus on the different DNA repair mechanisms, the current state of the art tools for genome editing and the particularities of the retina and photoreceptors with regard to in vivo therapeutic approaches. Finally, current attempts in the field of retinal in vivo genome editing are discussed and future directions of research identified.
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16
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Wang W, Balk M, Deng Z, Wischke C, Gossen M, Behl M, Ma N, Lendlein A. Engineering biodegradable micelles of polyethylenimine-based amphiphilic block copolymers for efficient DNA and siRNA delivery. J Control Release 2016; 242:71-79. [PMID: 27498020 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Revised: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Polycationic micelles have shown advantageous properties as nucleic acid delivery vectors both in vitro and in vivo. In contrast to polycationic micelles reported so far, we designed particles integrating a sufficient nucleic acid condensation capability by polycationic polyethylenimine (PEI) segments as well as only a mild cytotoxic behavior. The micelles composed of a hydrophobic oligoester core with glycolide units resulting in fast degradation after cellular internalization in combination with PEG moieties acting as shielding agents. By grafting branched 25kDa polyethylenimine (PEI25) and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) on poly[(ε-caprolactone)-co-glycolide] (CG), amphiphilic PEI-CG-PEI and PEG-CG block copolymers were used to form a series of micelles via self-assembly of PEI-CG-PEI or co-assembly of both copolymers for DNA and siRNA delivery. This modular system enabled a systematic investigation of different parameters and their synergetic effects as different functions were introduced. The polyplex formation and serum stability, cytotoxicity, and transfection activity could be tailored by changing the CG chain length in PEI-based copolymer, incorporating PEG-CG, and varying the N/P ratio. All micelle-based polyplex compositions showed high DNA transfection activity according to reporter gene-expression and an exceptionally high knockdown in siRNA delivery experiments. Remarkably, the GFP expression of >99% cells was successfully knocked down by micelle-mediated siRNA interference, resulting in a decrease of two orders of magnitude in fluorescence intensity. Incorporation of PEG-CG in the micelles reduced the PEI-related cytotoxicity, and markedly enhanced the serum stability of both DNA and siRNA polyplexes. Compared with homo-PEI25, these micelles showed several advantages including the lower toxicity, higher siRNA transfection efficiency and higher polyplex stability in the presence of serum. This study therefore provides an effective approach to tune the structure, property and function of polycationic micelles for efficient DNA and siRNA delivery, which could contribute to the design and development of novel non-viral transfection vectors with superb functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Wang
- Institute of Biomaterial Science and Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Kantstrasse 55, Teltow, Germany
| | - Maria Balk
- Institute of Biomaterial Science and Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Kantstrasse 55, Teltow, Germany
| | - Zijun Deng
- Institute of Biomaterial Science and Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Kantstrasse 55, Teltow, Germany
| | - Christian Wischke
- Institute of Biomaterial Science and Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Kantstrasse 55, Teltow, Germany
| | - Manfred Gossen
- Institute of Biomaterial Science and Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Kantstrasse 55, Teltow, Germany
| | - Marc Behl
- Institute of Biomaterial Science and Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Kantstrasse 55, Teltow, Germany
| | - Nan Ma
- Institute of Biomaterial Science and Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Kantstrasse 55, Teltow, Germany; Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Lendlein
- Institute of Biomaterial Science and Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Kantstrasse 55, Teltow, Germany; Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
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17
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Ojeda E, Puras G, Agirre M, Zarate J, Grijalvo S, Eritja R, DiGiacomo L, Caracciolo G, Pedraz JL. The role of helper lipids in the intracellular disposition and transfection efficiency of niosome formulations for gene delivery to retinal pigment epithelial cells. Int J Pharm 2016; 503:115-26. [PMID: 26956159 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.02.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Revised: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we carried out a comparative study of four different niosome formulations based on the same cationic lipid and non-ionic tensoactive. The niosomes prepared by oil-in-water emulsion technique (o/w) only differed in the helper lipid composition: squalene, cholesterol, squalane or no helper lipid. Niosomes and nioplexes elaborated upon the addition of pCMS-EGFP reporter plasmid were characterized in terms of size, zeta potential and polydispersity index. The capacity of the niosomes to condense, release and protect the DNA against enzymatic degradation was evaluated by agarose gel electrophoresis. In vitro experiments were carried out to evaluate transfection efficiency and cell viability in retinal pigment epithelial cells. Moreover, uptake and intracellular trafficking studies were performed to further understand the role of the helper lipids in the transfection process. Interestingly, among all tested formulations, niosomes elaborated with squalene as helper lipid were the most efficient transfecting cells. Such transfection efficiency could be attributed to their higher cellular uptake and the particular entry pathways used, where macropinocytosis pathway and lysosomal release played an important role. Therefore, these results suggest that helper lipid composition is a crucial step to be considered in the design of niosome formulation for retinal gene delivery applications since clearly modulates the cellular uptake, internalization mechanism and consequently, the final transfection efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edilberto Ojeda
- NanoBioCel Group, University of Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Gustavo Puras
- NanoBioCel Group, University of Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Mireia Agirre
- NanoBioCel Group, University of Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Jon Zarate
- NanoBioCel Group, University of Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Santiago Grijalvo
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia, IQAC-CSIC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramon Eritja
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia, IQAC-CSIC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luca DiGiacomo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena, 324, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Giulio Caracciolo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena, 324, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Jose-Luis Pedraz
- NanoBioCel Group, University of Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.
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18
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Mitra RN, Zheng M, Han Z. Nanoparticle-motivated gene delivery for ophthalmic application. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 8:160-74. [PMID: 26109528 PMCID: PMC4688250 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Revised: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Ophthalmic gene therapy is an intellectual and intentional manipulation of desired gene expression into the specific cells of an eye for the treatment of ophthalmic (ocular) genetic dystrophies and pathological conditions. Exogenous nucleic acids such as DNA, small interfering RNA, micro RNA, and so on, are used for the purpose of managing expression of the desired therapeutic proteins in ocular tissues. The delivery of unprotected nucleic acids into the cells is limited because of exogenous and endogenous degradation modalities. Nanotechnology, a promising and sophisticated cutting edge tool, works as a protective shelter for these therapeutic nucleic acids. They can be safely delivered to the required cells in order to modulate anticipated protein expression. To this end, nanotechnology is seen as a potential and promising strategy in the field of ocular gene delivery. This review focused on current nanotechnology modalities and other promising nonviral strategies being used to deliver therapeutic genes in order to treat various devastating ocular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Min Zheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Zongchao Han
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Carolina Institute for NanoMedicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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19
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Zulliger R, Conley SM, Naash MI. Non-viral therapeutic approaches to ocular diseases: An overview and future directions. J Control Release 2015; 219:471-487. [PMID: 26439665 PMCID: PMC4699668 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Revised: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Currently there are no viable treatment options for patients with debilitating inherited retinal degeneration. The vast variability in disease-inducing mutations and resulting phenotypes has hampered the development of therapeutic interventions. Gene therapy is a logical approach, and recent work has focused on ways to optimize vector design and packaging to promote optimized expression and phenotypic rescue after intraocular delivery. In this review, we discuss ongoing ocular clinical trials, which currently use viral gene delivery, but focus primarily on new advancements in optimizing the efficacy of non-viral gene delivery for ocular diseases. Non-viral delivery systems are highly customizable, allowing functionalization to improve cellular and nuclear uptake, bypassing cellular degradative machinery, and improving gene expression in the nucleus. Non-viral vectors often yield transgene expression levels lower than viral counterparts, however their favorable safety/immune profiles and large DNA capacity (critical for the delivery of large ocular disease genes) make their further development a research priority. Recent work on particle coating and vector engineering presents exciting ways to overcome limitations of transient/low gene expression levels, but also highlights the fact that further refinements are needed before use in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahel Zulliger
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204-5060, United States
| | - Shannon M Conley
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, United States
| | - Muna I Naash
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204-5060, United States.
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20
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Puras G, Martínez-Navarrete G, Mashal M, Zárate J, Agirre M, Ojeda E, Grijalvo S, Eritja R, Diaz-Tahoces A, Avilés-Trigueros M, Fernández E, Pedraz JL. Protamine/DNA/Niosome Ternary Nonviral Vectors for Gene Delivery to the Retina: The Role of Protamine. Mol Pharm 2015; 12:3658-71. [PMID: 26334586 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.5b00422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate the incorporation of protamine into niosome/DNA vectors to analyze the potential application of this novel ternary formulation to deliver the pCMS-EGFP plasmid into the rat retina. Binary vectors based on niosome/DNA and ternary vectors based on protamine/DNA/niosomes were prepared and physicochemically characterized. In vitro experiments were performed in ARPE-19 cells. At 1:1:5 protamine/DNA/niosome mass ratio, the resulted ternary vectors had 150 nm size, positive charge, spherical morphology, and condensed, released, and protected the DNA against enzymatic digestion. The presence of protamine in the ternary vectors improved transfection efficiency, cell viability, and DNA condensation. After ocular administration, the EGFP expression was detected in different cell layers of the retina depending on the administration route without any sign of toxicity associated with the formulations. While subretinal administration transfected mainly photoreceptors and retinal pigment epithelial cells at the site of injection, intravitreal administration produced a more uniform distribution of the protein expression through the inner layers of the retina. The protein expression in the retina persisted for at least one month after both administrations. Our study highlights the flattering properties of protamine/DNA/niosome ternary vectors for efficient and safe gene delivery to the rat retina.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - G Martínez-Navarrete
- Neuroprothesis and Neuroengineering Research Group, Miguel Hernández University , 03202 Alicante, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | - S Grijalvo
- Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia, IQAC-CSIC, Spanish Council for Scientific Research , 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - R Eritja
- Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia, IQAC-CSIC, Spanish Council for Scientific Research , 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Diaz-Tahoces
- Neuroprothesis and Neuroengineering Research Group, Miguel Hernández University , 03202 Alicante, Spain
| | - M Avilés-Trigueros
- Laboratory of Experimental Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia , Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", E-30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - E Fernández
- Neuroprothesis and Neuroengineering Research Group, Miguel Hernández University , 03202 Alicante, Spain
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21
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Agirre M, Zarate J, Ojeda E, Puras G, Rojas LA, Alemany R, Pedraz JL. Delivery of an adenovirus vector plasmid by ultrapure oligochitosan based polyplexes. Int J Pharm 2014; 479:312-9. [PMID: 25550211 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2014.12.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Revised: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 12/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Ultrapure oligochitosans have been recently reported as efficient non-viral vectors for the delivery of pCMS-EGFP plasmid (5.5kbp) to the cornea and retina. However, the delivery of oncolytic adenoviral plasmids (40kbp) represents a unique challenge. In this work, we elaborated self assembled O15 and O25 UOC/pAdTLRGD polyplexes, and we studied the influence of the N/P ratio, the pH of the transfection medium and the salt concentration on the particle size and zeta potential by an orthogonal experimental design. All polyplexes showed a particle size lower than 200nm and a positive zeta potential. These parameters were influenced by the N/P ratio, salt concentration, and pH of the transfection medium. The selected polyplexes were able to bind, release, and protect the plasmid from DNase degradation. Transfection experiments in HEK293 and A549 cell lines demonstrated that UOC/pAdTLRGD polyplexes were able to deliver the plasmid and transfect both cell lines. These results suggest that O15 and O25 UOC based polyplexes are suitable for future in vivo applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mireia Agirre
- NanoBioCel Group, University of the Basque Country, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Networking Research Center of Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Jon Zarate
- NanoBioCel Group, University of the Basque Country, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Networking Research Center of Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Edilberto Ojeda
- NanoBioCel Group, University of the Basque Country, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Networking Research Center of Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Gustavo Puras
- NanoBioCel Group, University of the Basque Country, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Networking Research Center of Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Luis A Rojas
- Traslational Research Laboratory, IDIBELL-Institut Catalá d'Oncologia, L'Hospitalet de LLobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramón Alemany
- Traslational Research Laboratory, IDIBELL-Institut Catalá d'Oncologia, L'Hospitalet de LLobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José L Pedraz
- NanoBioCel Group, University of the Basque Country, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Networking Research Center of Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.
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22
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Trapani I, Puppo A, Auricchio A. Vector platforms for gene therapy of inherited retinopathies. Prog Retin Eye Res 2014; 43:108-28. [PMID: 25124745 PMCID: PMC4241499 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2014.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Revised: 07/26/2014] [Accepted: 08/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Inherited retinopathies (IR) are common untreatable blinding conditions. Most of them are inherited as monogenic disorders, due to mutations in genes expressed in retinal photoreceptors (PR) and in retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). The retina's compatibility with gene transfer has made transduction of different retinal cell layers in small and large animal models via viral and non-viral vectors possible. The ongoing identification of novel viruses as well as modifications of existing ones based either on rational design or directed evolution have generated vector variants with improved transduction properties. Dozens of promising proofs of concept have been obtained in IR animal models with both viral and non-viral vectors, and some of them have been relayed to clinical trials. To date, recombinant vectors based on the adeno-associated virus (AAV) represent the most promising tool for retinal gene therapy, given their ability to efficiently deliver therapeutic genes to both PR and RPE and their excellent safety and efficacy profiles in humans. However, AAVs' limited cargo capacity has prevented application of the viral vector to treatments requiring transfer of genes with a coding sequence larger than 5 kb. Vectors with larger capacity, i.e. nanoparticles, adenoviral and lentiviral vectors are being exploited for gene transfer to the retina in animal models and, more recently, in humans. This review focuses on the available platforms for retinal gene therapy to fight inherited blindness, highlights their main strengths and examines the efforts to overcome some of their limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Trapani
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Naples, Italy
| | - Agostina Puppo
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Naples, Italy
| | - Alberto Auricchio
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Naples, Italy; Medical Genetics, Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University, Naples, Italy.
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23
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Low Molecular Weight Chitosan (LMWC)-based Polyplexes for pDNA Delivery: From Bench to Bedside. Polymers (Basel) 2014. [DOI: 10.3390/polym6061727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Preclinical development and ocular biodistribution of gemini-DNA nanoparticles after intravitreal and topical administration: towards non-invasive glaucoma gene therapy. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2014; 10:1637-47. [PMID: 24905400 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2014.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Revised: 04/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Gene therapy could offer improvement in the treatment of glaucoma compared to the current standard of lowering intraocular pressure. We have developed and characterized non-viral gemini surfactant-phospholipid nanoparticles (GL-NPs) for intravitreal and topical administration. Optimized GL-NPs (size range 150-180 nm) were biocompatible with rat retinal ganglion (RGC-5) cells with >95% viability by PrestoBlue™ assay. GL-NPs carrying Cy5-labeled plasmid DNA demonstrated distinct trafficking behavior and biodisposition within the eye in vivo after intravitreal or topical application with respect to pathways of movement and physicochemical stability. After intravitreal injection in mice, GL-NPs localized within the nerve fiber layer of the retina, whereas after topical application, GL-NPs were located in several anterior chamber tissues, including the limbus, iris and conjunctiva. GL-NPs were thermodynamically stable in the vitreous and tear fluid and were trafficked as single, non-aggregated particles after both types of administration. FROM THE CLINICAL EDITOR In this paper, the development and characterization of non-viral gemini surfactant-phospholipid nanoparticles is reported with the goal of establishing a gene delivery system that addresses glaucoma in a non-invasive fashion. The authors found that after topical application, the concentration of these nanoparticles was higher in anterior chamber-related components of the eye, whereas intra-vitreal administration resulted in accumulation in the retinal nerve fibre layer.
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25
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Agirre M, Zarate J, Puras G, Ojeda E, Pedraz JL. Improving transfection efficiency of ultrapure oligochitosan/DNA polyplexes by medium acidification. Drug Deliv 2014; 22:100-10. [PMID: 24471693 DOI: 10.3109/10717544.2013.871373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Ultrapure oligochitosans (UOCs) have recently been reported as efficient nonviral vectors for corneal and retinal gene delivery. However, the influence of some physicochemical factors on the transfection efficiency, such as the pH, remains unclear. Deeper in vitro research of these factors could provide valuable information for future clinical applications. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to determine the influence of the pH decrease on the transfection efficiency of UOC/pDNA polyplexes in HEK293 and ARPE19 cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS We elaborated self-assembled UOC/pCMS-EGFP polyplexes. The influence of the most important factors on the particle size and the zeta potential was studied by an orthogonal experimental design. We evaluated, in vitro, the cellular uptake and the transfection efficiency by flow cytometry, and the cytotoxicity of the vectors by CCK-8 assay. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The pH of the medium strongly influences the physicochemical properties of the polyplexes, and by its modulation we are able to control their superficial charge. A significant increase on the cellular uptake and transfection efficiency of UOCs was obtained when the pH was acidified. Neither of our UOC/pCMS-EGFP polyplexes caused cytotoxicity; however, cells treated with Lipofectamine 2000™ showed decreased cell viability. CONCLUSION This kind of UOC vectors could be useful to transfect cells that are in an acidic environment, such as tumor cells. However, additional in vivo studies may be required in order to obtain an effective and safe medicine for nonviral gene therapy purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mireia Agirre
- NanoBioCel Group, University of the Basque Country , Vitoria-Gasteiz , Spain and
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26
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Puras G, Mashal M, Zárate J, Agirre M, Ojeda E, Grijalvo S, Eritja R, Diaz-Tahoces A, Martínez Navarrete G, Avilés-Trigueros M, Fernández E, Pedraz JL. A novel cationic niosome formulation for gene delivery to the retina. J Control Release 2013; 174:27-36. [PMID: 24231407 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2013.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Revised: 10/28/2013] [Accepted: 11/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Niosomes represent a recent promising approach for gene delivery purposes. We elaborated on a novel niosome formulation based on the 2,3-di(tetradecyloxy)propan-1-amine cationic lipid, combined with squalene and polysorbate 80 to evaluate the transfection efficiency in rat retinas. Niosomes prepared by the solvent emulsification-evaporation technique were mixed with the pCMSEGFP plasmid to form lipoplexes which were characterized in terms of morphology, size, surface charge, and DNA condensation, protection and release. In vitro studies were conducted to evaluate transfection efficiency, viability and internalization mechanism in HEK-293 and ARPE-19 cells. The efficacy of the most promising formulation was evaluated in rat eyes by monitoring the expression of the EGFP after intravitreal and subretinal injections. Lipoplexes at 15/1 ratio were 200nm in size, 25mV in zeta potential and exhibited spherical morphology. At this ratio, niosomes condensed and protected the DNA from enzymatic digestion. Lipoplexes successfully transfected HEK-293 and specially ARPE-19 cells, without affecting the viability. Whereas lipoplexes entered mainly retinal cells by clathrin-mediated endocytosis, HEK-293 cells showed a higher caveolae-dependent entry. After ocular administration, the expression of EGFP was detected in different cells of the retina depending on the administration route. This novel niosome formulation represents a promising approach to deliver genetic material into the retina to treat inherited retinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Puras
- NanoBioCel Group, University of the Basque Country, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Networking Research Centre of Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Zaragoza Spain
| | - M Mashal
- NanoBioCel Group, University of the Basque Country, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - J Zárate
- NanoBioCel Group, University of the Basque Country, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Networking Research Centre of Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Zaragoza Spain
| | - M Agirre
- NanoBioCel Group, University of the Basque Country, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Networking Research Centre of Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Zaragoza Spain
| | - E Ojeda
- NanoBioCel Group, University of the Basque Country, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Networking Research Centre of Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Zaragoza Spain
| | - S Grijalvo
- Networking Research Centre of Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Zaragoza Spain; Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia, IQAC-CSIC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - R Eritja
- Networking Research Centre of Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Zaragoza Spain; Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia, IQAC-CSIC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Diaz-Tahoces
- Networking Research Centre of Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Zaragoza Spain; Neuroprothesis and Neuroengineering Research Group, Miguel Hernández University, Elche, Spain
| | - G Martínez Navarrete
- Networking Research Centre of Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Zaragoza Spain; Neuroprothesis and Neuroengineering Research Group, Miguel Hernández University, Elche, Spain
| | - M Avilés-Trigueros
- Laboratory of Experimental Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Murcia, Spain
| | - E Fernández
- Networking Research Centre of Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Zaragoza Spain; Neuroprothesis and Neuroengineering Research Group, Miguel Hernández University, Elche, Spain
| | - J L Pedraz
- NanoBioCel Group, University of the Basque Country, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Networking Research Centre of Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Zaragoza Spain.
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27
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Mitra RN, Han Z, Merwin M, Al Taai M, Conley SM, Naash MI. Synthesis and characterization of glycol chitosan DNA nanoparticles for retinal gene delivery. ChemMedChem 2013; 9:189-96. [PMID: 24203490 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201300371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Given the number of monogenic ocular diseases and the number of non-monogenic degenerative ocular diseases for which gene therapy is considered as a treatment, the development of effective therapeutic delivery strategies for DNA is a critical research goal. In this work, nonviral nanoparticles (NPs) composed of glycol chitosan (GCS) and plasmid DNA (pDNA) were generated, characterized, and evaluated. These particles are stable, do not aggregate in saline, are resistant to DNases, and have a hydrodynamic diameter of approximately 250 nm. Furthermore, the plasmid in these NPs was shown to maintain its proper conformation and can be released and expressed inside the cell. To determine whether these NPs would be suitable for intraocular use, pDNA carrying the ubiquitously expressed CBA-eGFP expression cassette was compacted and subretinally injected into adult wild-type albino mice. At day 14 post-injection (PI), substantial green fluorescent protein (GFP) expression was observed exclusively in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) in eyes treated with GCS NPs but not in those treated with uncompacted pDNA or vehicle (saline). No signs of gross retinal toxicity were observed, and at 30 days PI, there was no difference in electroretinogram function between GCS NP-, pDNA-, or vehicle-treated eyes. These results suggest that with further development, GCS NPs could be a useful addition to the available repertoire of genetic therapies for the treatment of RPE-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajendra N Mitra
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 940 Stanton L Young Blvd. BMSB781, Oklahoma City, OK 73104 (USA)
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28
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Wassmer S, Rafat M, Fong WG, Baker AN, Tsilfidis C. Chitosan microparticles for delivery of proteins to the retina. Acta Biomater 2013; 9:7855-64. [PMID: 23623991 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2013.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2012] [Revised: 03/27/2013] [Accepted: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Chitosan microparticles (CMPs) have previously been developed for topical applications to the eye, but their safety and efficacy in delivering proteins to the retina have not been adequately evaluated. This study examines the release kinetics of CMPs in vitro, and assesses their biocompatibility and cytotoxicity on retinal cells in vitro and in vivo. Two proteins were used in the encapsulation and release studies: BSA (bovine serum albumin) and tat-EGFP (enhanced green fluorescent protein fused to the transactivator of transcription peptide). Not surprisingly, the in vitro release kinetics were dependent on the protein encapsulated, with BSA showing higher release than tat-EGFP. CMPs containing encapsulated tat-EGFP were tested for cellular toxicity in photoreceptor-derived 661W cells. They showed no signs of in vitro cell toxicity at a low concentration (up to 1mgml(-1)), but at a higher concentration of 10mgml(-1) they were associated with cytotoxic effects. In vivo, CMPs injected into the subretinal space were found beneath the photoreceptor layer of the retina, and persisted for at least 8weeks. Similar to the in vitro studies, the lower concentration of CMPs was generally well tolerated, but the higher concentration resulted in cytotoxic effects and in reduced retinal function, as assessed by electroretinogram amplitudes. Overall, this study suggests that CMPs are effective long-term delivery agents to the retina, but the concentration of chitosan may affect cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Wassmer
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Vision Sciences Program, Box 307, 501 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1H 8L6
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