1
|
Mineto AR, de Matos SP, Bordignon IM, Ribeiro R, Apel MA, da Veiga-Junior VF, Koester LS. Development by design of experiment and validation of a HPLC-UV method for simultaneous quantification of 1-nitro-2-phenylethane and methyleugenol: Application to nail permeation/retention studies. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2024; 239:115889. [PMID: 38056286 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Aniba canelilla (Kunth) Mez is an aromatic tree from Amazon region whose essential oil presents 1-nitro-2-phenylethane (NP) and methyleugenol (ME) as major compounds. Several properties are attributed to Aniba canelilla essential oil (ACEO), such as antifungal. Onychomycoses are fungal nail infections that require novel therapeutic alternatives, especially topical ones. However, to ensure the success of topical therapy, the active compound should be able to penetrate/permeate the nail plate, which is challenging due to the highly keratinized composition of this structure. Thus, the aims of this article were to develop, validate and apply a high-performance liquid chromatography method (HPLC-UV) to quantify NP and ME in porcine hoof extract (PHE) and receptor fluid (RF) during in vitro permeation/retention studies in nail model, for which porcine hoof membranes were used. For method development, two Designs of Experiment (DoE) were adopted: 23 Full Factorial and Box-Behnken. Retention times of 5.65 and 7.49 min were achieved for NP and ME, respectively. The method was full validated for NP and ME quantification in receptor fluid, in accordance with the recommended parameters by ICH Q2(R1) Guideline. In addition, the method was full validated for NP and ME quantification in porcine hoof extract, considering the parameters and criteria of ICH M10 Guideline. In vitro permeation/retention studies were carried out in nail model, and promising results were obtained. NP reached the receptor fluid in the order of 441.1 ± 92.1 µg/cm2 at 72 h. The amount of NP and ME retained into porcine hoof membrane was 1272.6 ± 225.7 µg/cm2 and 84.7 ± 20.4 µg/cm2, respectively, at 72 h. Our findings open perspective to develop topical formulations containing ACEO as active compound aiming the management of onychomycosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Rolim Mineto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga, Santana 2752, Zip code 90610-000, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Sheila Porto de Matos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga, Santana 2752, Zip code 90610-000, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Isabella Morel Bordignon
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga, Santana 2752, Zip code 90610-000, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Rayssa Ribeiro
- Programa de Pós-Graduacão em Química, Instituto Militar de Engenharia, Praça General Tibúrcio Urca 80, Zip code 22290-270, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Miriam Anders Apel
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga, Santana 2752, Zip code 90610-000, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Valdir Florêncio da Veiga-Junior
- Programa de Pós-Graduacão em Química, Instituto Militar de Engenharia, Praça General Tibúrcio Urca 80, Zip code 22290-270, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Letícia Scherer Koester
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga, Santana 2752, Zip code 90610-000, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Assessment of the properties of terbinafine hydrochloride and the search route for antifungal agents. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.132225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
3
|
Alqahtani A, Raut B, Khan S, Mohamed JMM, Fatease AA, Alqahtani T, Alamri A, Ahmad F, Krishnaraju V. The Unique Carboxymethyl Fenugreek Gum Gel Loaded Itraconazole Self-Emulsifying Nanovesicles for Topical Onychomycosis Treatment. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14020325. [PMID: 35054731 PMCID: PMC8779379 DOI: 10.3390/polym14020325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The novel itraconazole (ITZ) nail penetration enhancing self-emulsifying nanovesicles (ITZ-nPEVs) loaded in carboxymethyl fenugreek gum (CMFG) gel circumvent the systemic onychomycosis treatment. The ITZ-nPEVs were prepared by the thin film hydration technique, and the particle size (PS), zeta potential (ZP), drug content (DC), entrapment efficiency (% EE), deformity index (DI), viscosity, morphology, and physical stability of the ITZ-nPEVs were measured. In terms of nail hydration, transungual drug absorption, and antifungal efficacy against Candida albicans, the chosen ITZ-nPEVs, nPEV-loaded CMFG (CMFG-ITZ-nPEVs) gel, and the commercialized Itrostred gel were compared. The ITZ-nPEVs showed spherical structure with high DC, % EE, low PS and PDI and positive ZP of ITZ ranging from 95.36 to 93.89 mg/5 mL and 95.36–96.94%, 196.55–252.5 nm, 0.092–0.49, and +11.1 to +22.5 mV, respectively. Compared to the Itrostred gel, the novel ITZ-nPEVs exhibited hydration enhancement factor for 24 h (HE24) of 1.53 and 1.39 drug uptake enhancement factor into nail clippings. Moreover, zone of inhibitions for ITZ-nPEVs (27.0 ± 0.25 mm) and CMFG-ITZ-nPEVs (33.2 ± 0.09 mm) against Candida albicans were significantly greater than that of Itrostred gel (22.9 ± 0.44 mm). For clinical investigation on onychomycotic patients, a nail penetration enhancer containing ITZ-nPEV-loaded CMFG gel presents a highly promising approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Alqahtani
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Guraiger, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (T.A.); (V.K.)
| | - Bhavana Raut
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Borgaon (Meghe) Wardha, Wardha 442001, India;
| | - Shagufta Khan
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Borgaon (Meghe) Wardha, Wardha 442001, India;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +91-75591-78862
| | | | - Adel Al Fatease
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Guraiger, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.F.); (A.A.)
| | - Taha Alqahtani
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Guraiger, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (T.A.); (V.K.)
| | - Ali Alamri
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Guraiger, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.F.); (A.A.)
| | - Fazil Ahmad
- Department of Anesthesia Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences in Jubail, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 34212, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Venkatesan Krishnaraju
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Guraiger, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (T.A.); (V.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Nguyen HX, Kim Y, Kekatpure TD, Lesica E, Banga AK. A novel technique to evaluate nail softening effects of different urea formulations. Pharm Dev Technol 2021; 26:403-411. [PMID: 33527865 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2021.1881113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Urea has been incorporated into several topical ungual formulations to hydrate and soften the nail plate. In this study, we employed various characterization techniques (visual observation, scanning electron microscopy, measurement of thickness, transonychial water loss, nail electrical resistance, and mechanical study) to investigate the effect of urea concentration on the hydration of bovine hoof membranes - an in vitro model of infected human nails. We obtained inconsistent results in the thickness, transonychial water loss, nail electrical resistance, and scanning electron microscopy studies. In the mechanical study using a modified Texture Analyzer method, we reported an inverse and linear correlation between urea concentrations in the formulations and the force required to puncture the treated membrane (R2 = 0.9582, n ≥ 8). As the urea concentration decreased from 4x to 2x, 1x, and 0x % w/w, the puncture force increased significantly from 0.47 ± 0.07 to 0.77 ± 0.07, 0.91 ± 0.09, and 1.33 ± 0.26 N, respectively (p < 0.05). Thus, urea provided a positive softening effect on the membranes and the puncture force could indicate the urea level in topical formulations. In this study, we provided a novel, efficient, and reliable tool to evaluate the hydration level and physical properties of bovine hoof membranes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiep X Nguyen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Mercer University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Yujin Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Mercer University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | | | - Ajay K Banga
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Mercer University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Machado GDRM, Pippi B, Berlitz S, Diedrich D, Defferrari D, Lopes W, Gnoatto SCB, Kulkamp-Guerreiro IC, Vainstein MH, Jean M, Van de Weghe P, de Andrade SF, Fuentefria AM. Ex vivo potential of a quinoline-derivative nail lacquer as a new alternative for dermatophytic onychomycosis treatment. J Med Microbiol 2021; 70. [PMID: 33502306 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction. Onychomycosis infections currently show a significant increase, affecting about 10 % of the world population. Trichophyton rubrum is the main agent responsible for about 80 % of the reported infections. The clinical cure for onychomycosis is extremely difficult and effective new antifungal therapy is needed.Hypothesis/Gap Statement. Ex vivo onychomycosis models using porcine hooves can be an excellent alternative for evaluating the efficacy of new anti-dermatophytic agents in a nail lacquer.Aim. Evaluation of the effectiveness of a nail lacquer containing a quinoline derivative on an ex vivo onychomycosis model using porcine hooves, as well as the proposal of a plausible antifungal mechanism of this derivative against dermatophytic strains.Methodology. The action mechanism of a quinoline derivative was evaluated through the sorbitol protection assay, exogenous ergosterol binding, and the determination of the dose-response curves by time-kill assay. Scanning electron microscopy evaluated the effect of the derivative in the fungal cells. The efficacy of a quinoline-derivative nail lacquer on an ex vivo onychomycosis model using porcine hooves was evaluated as well.Results. The quinoline derivative showed a time-dependent fungicidal effect, demonstrating reduction and damage in the morphology of dermatophytic hyphae. In addition, the ex vivo onychomycosis model was effective in the establishment of infection by T. rubrum.Conclusion. Treatment with the quinoline-derivative lacquer showed a significant inhibitory effect on T. rubrum strain in this infection model. Finally, the compound presents high potential for application in a formulation such as nail lacquer as a possible treatment for dermatophytic onychomycosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella da Rosa Monte Machado
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Microbiologia Agrícola e do Ambiente, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Bruna Pippi
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Microbiologia Agrícola e do Ambiente, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Simone Berlitz
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nanotecnologia Farmacêutica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Denise Diedrich
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Diego Defferrari
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - William Lopes
- Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Simone Cristina Baggio Gnoatto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nanotecnologia Farmacêutica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Irene Clemes Kulkamp-Guerreiro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nanotecnologia Farmacêutica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Mickael Jean
- Université de Rennes 1, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes - UMR CNRS 6226 Equipe COrInt, F- 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Pierre Van de Weghe
- Université de Rennes 1, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes - UMR CNRS 6226 Equipe COrInt, F- 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Saulo Fernandes de Andrade
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Microbiologia Agrícola e do Ambiente, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Meneghello Fuentefria
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Microbiologia Agrícola e do Ambiente, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Abobakr FE, Fayez SM, Elwazzan VS, Sakran W. Effect of Different Nail Penetration Enhancers in Solid Lipid Nanoparticles Containing Terbinafine Hydrochloride for Treatment of Onychomycosis. AAPS PharmSciTech 2021; 22:33. [PMID: 33404930 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-020-01893-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Onychomycosis is considered a stubborn nail fungal infection that does not respond to conventional topical antifungal treatments. This study aimed to develop and characterize novel solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) formulae containing terbinafine HCl (TFH) and loaded with different nail penetration enhancers (nPEs). Three (nPEs) N-acetyl-L-cysteine, thioglycolic acid, and thiourea were used. Characterization of the prepared formulae was done regarding particle size, zeta potential, polydispersity index (PDI), entrapment efficiency (EE%), physical stability, in vitro release study, infrared (FT-IR), and their morphological structures. The selected formulae and the marketed cream Lamifen® were compared in terms of their antifungal activity against Trichophyton rubrum as well as their nail hydration and their drug uptake by the nail clippers. Thiourea was the nPE of choice; formulae (N2 and N8), with thiourea, were considered the optimum TFH SLNs containing nPEs. They were selected for their optimum particle size of 426.3 ± 10.18 and 450.8 ± 11.45 nm as well as their highest EE% of 89.76 ± 1.25 and 90.35 ± 1.33, respectively. The in vitro microbiological screening of the antifungal activity of these two formulae showed significantly larger zones of inhibition in comparison with the marketed product. The ex vivo screening of the drug uptake of the two selected formulae was significantly higher than that of the marketed product. The nPE formulae present a very promising option as they showed optimum physicochemical characterization with high antifungal activity and high drug uptake as well as good nail hydration effect.
Collapse
|
7
|
Parrish N, Fisher SL, Gartling A, Craig D, Boire N, Khuvis J, Riedel S, Zhang S. Activity of Various Essential Oils Against Clinical Dermatophytes of Microsporum and Trichophyton. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:545913. [PMID: 33178620 PMCID: PMC7596648 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.545913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Dermatophytoses account for nearly a quarter of all fungal infections worldwide. These difficult to treat infections of the skin, hair, and nails, are growing more resistant to conventional antifungal treatments, and when treatable, often require prolonged therapeutic regimens. For centuries, essential oils have been used to treat a variety of ailments. In this study, we evaluated the clinical effects in vitro of 65 essential oils and 21 essential oil blends against various clinical species/strains of dermatophytes from two primary genera, Microsporum and Trichophyton. Our aim: To determine the overall activity of a wide range of essential oils against a number of clinical strains of dermatophytes. For all assays, 16 clinically derived species/strains of dermatophytes were used. The activity of each essential oil was assessed using a modified disk-diffusion assay over a period of 21 days of incubation vs. standard antifungal drugs. Subsequently, we determined the minimum inhibitory dilution possible for the most potent essential oils and performed combination testing to determine if synergy could be demonstrated with sub-inhibitory concentrations. We also assessed the effect of repeated vs. single applications. Of all the essential oils tested, cassia, cilantro, cinnamon, thyme, and oregano were the most potent along with one blend, DDR Prime; all genera/species tested were completely inhibited for 21 days following a single application. Many of the other oils tested exhibited temporal differences in activity where significant inhibition was observed ≤10 days of incubation which declined by day 21. Synergistic combinations were achieved with oregano and cilantro, cassia, or cinnamon bark; rose and cassia were also synergistic. Repeat application maintained complete inhibition for citronella, lemon myrtle, and litsea out to 21 days, but not lemon grass or On Guard. More study is necessary to understand the ways essential oils inhibit the growth of dermatophytes. Comprehensive research aimed at understanding the mechanism of action of essential oils and their components may provide the basis for a natural alternative to topical antifungal drugs. Such research could be envisioned to target optimal combinations and determine the timing between applications to provide for maximum inhibition of recurrence or growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Parrish
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Stefanie L Fisher
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Ashlea Gartling
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - David Craig
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Nicholas Boire
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Joshua Khuvis
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Stefan Riedel
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Sean Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, United States
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Yang F, Yu X, Shao W, Guo P, Cao S, Wang M, Wang Y, Wu C, Xu Y. Co-delivery of terbinafine hydrochloride and urea with an in situ film-forming system for nail targeting treatment. Int J Pharm 2020; 585:119497. [PMID: 32504773 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Onychomycosis is a chronic nail disorder consisting of a fungal infection that causes physical and psychosocial discomfort to patients. However, its treatment remains challenging owing to the barrier of the highly keratinized nail plate and the short time that conventional formulations reside on nails. In this work, we developed an in situ film-forming system(IFFS) based on Eudragit® RLPO to co-deliver terbinafine hydrochloride (TBH) and urea, i.e., TBH-urea-RLPO IFFS, with the aim of overcoming the nail barrier, prolonging the residence time, and efficiently treating onychomycosis. The IFFS formulation formed a thin film with good appearance and adhesion upon application in situ. The physical states of TBH and urea in the film were evaluated with polarization microscopy and powder X-ray diffraction. TBH and urea were both amorphousmiscible components within the RLPO film. TBH release from TBH-urea-RLPO IFFS fitted to the Korsmeyer-Pappas model, and the cumulative release at 72 h was significantly higher than that from commercial preparations (Lamisil Pedisan® once). In vitro permeation of TBH from TBH-urea-RLPO IFFS through bovine hoof membranes was evaluated in comparison with the film containing TBH alone (TBH-RLPO) and commercial preparations. The retention and cumulative permeated amount of TBH were significantly enhanced for the TBH-urea-RLPO IFFS (170.80 ± 44.63 μg/cm2vs 75.49 ± 21.50 μg/cm2vs 60.25 ± 27.38 μg/cm2; 61.81 ± 16.09 μg/cm2vs 21.80 ± 11.56 μg/cm2vs 7.91 ± 1.03 μg/cm2, respectively), and the membranes treated with different formulations were observed with SEM and FTIR to identify the denaturing effect of urea on bovine hoof keratin. In vitro antifungal tests against Trichophyton rubrum,Microsporum canis, Fusarium, and Aspergillus fumigatus were cultured on Muller-Hinton agar; the findings indicated that TBH-urea-RLPO IFFS enhanced TBH antifungal activity. Overall, the results support that TBH-urea-RLPO IFFS is an efficient and promising approach for onychomycosis targeting treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fengdie Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiuming Yu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Weiyan Shao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Penghao Guo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Sisi Cao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Meng Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yixuan Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Chuanbin Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yuehong Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Vikas A, Rashmin P, Mrunali P, Chavan RB, Kaushik T. Mechanistic Insights of Formulation Approaches for the Treatment of Nail Infection: Conventional and Novel Drug Delivery Approaches. AAPS PharmSciTech 2020; 21:67. [PMID: 31938980 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-019-1591-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Onychomycosis is a chronic disorder that is difficult to manage and hard to eradicate with perilous trends to relapse. Due to increased prevalence of HIV, use of immunosuppressant drugs and lifestyle-related factors, population affected with fungal infection of nail (Onychomycosis) happens to increase extensively in last two decades. Modalities available for the treatment of onychomycosis include systemically administered antifungals, mechanical procedures, and topical drug therapy. But the efficacy of the most of approaches to deliver drug at targeted site, i.e., deep-seated infected nail bed is limited due to compact and highly keratinized nail structure. A series of advanced formulation approaches, such as transfersomes, liposomes, nano/micro emulsion, nail lacquers etc., have been attempted to improve the drug penetration into nail plate more efficiently. The manuscript reviews these formulation approaches with their possible mechanisms by which they improve the drug penetration.Comparative analysis of available treatment modalities for onychomycosis has been provided with pros and cons of each alternatives. Additionally, ongoing research about the application of biological materials such as modified cationic antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), plant-derived proteins, and synthetic antimicrobial peptidomimetics have also been explored.
Collapse
|
10
|
Albarahmieh E, AbuAmmouneh L, Kaddoura Z, AbuHantash F, Alkhalidi BA, Al-Halhouli A. Fabrication of Dissolvable Microneedle Patches Using an Innovative Laser-Cut Mould Design to Shortlist Potentially Transungual Delivery Systems: In Vitro Evaluation. AAPS PharmSciTech 2019; 20:215. [PMID: 31172376 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-019-1429-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
There has been a great interest towards transungual delivery systems due to limited drug penetration for the treatment of nail diseases. More important, antifungal oral medicaments used may cause serious side effects including liver damage. Therefore, we propose non-oral dissolvable microneedle (MN) patch to strike the poor permeability of the nail. We report the design of MN patch mould using a laser-cutting machine and solvent casting of several hydrophilic polymers to fabricate these MN patches. Formulations were evaluated for their in vitro release and penetration properties and selected based on physical characterization for compatibility (differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD)), dimension repeatability and drug content uniformity. A 72-array of cone-shaped MN patch mould was successfully constructed on polymethylmethacrylate sheets. Interval and frequency of laser exposure were pivotal to determine the needle sharpness, attained unexpectedly at a low level of circa 30 μm. F1 platform of polyvinyl alcohol, kollicoat IR®, ethylene glycol and gelatin showed circa 74% penetration of methylhydroxy-4-benzoate (F1(A)) over 24 h, whereas F2 (same as F1-A with the addition of poloxamer 338) resulted in an almost 42% of this drug retention in the bovine hoof (24 h). Both formulations are likely to be useful for onychomycosis treatment. F1 polymers also afford enhanced permeability (almost 73.5% after 24 h) of terbinafine hydrochloride into the hoof (F1(B)). However, F3 (chitosan, gelatin and ethylene glycol) presents the prospect of developing MN patch for this drug with almost complete hoof penetration (circa 96.3% after 24 h). All medicated formulations have shown similar mechanical properties after ageing for 1 year under dry conditions.
Collapse
|
11
|
Laubé F, Poupon A, Zinck P, Müller-Goymann C, Reichl S, Nardello-Rataj V. Physicochemical investigations of native nails and synthetic models for a better understanding of surface adhesion of nail lacquers. Eur J Pharm Sci 2019; 131:208-217. [PMID: 30771473 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2019.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The human nail, like any biological material, is not readily available in large amounts and shows some variability from one individual to another. Replacing it by synthetic models is of great interest to perform reproducible and reliable tests in order to assess drug diffusion or nail lacquer adhesion for example. Keratin films, produced at the lab scale from natural hair, and the commercially available Vitro-nail® sheets have been proposed as models of human nails. In this study, we have investigated in detail these two materials. Surface aspect, composition, surface energy and water permeation were determined by SEM-EDS, ATR-FTIR, XPS, DVS and tensiometry and were compared to those of nails clippings. The development of a probe tack test using a rotational rheometer allowed us to measure the adhesion of three different nail lacquers on each substrate and the results were correlated with the surface state. It is shown that except roughness, keratin films exhibit similar composition, water sorption and surface energy as human nails. Vitro-nail® presents a more hydrophilic and permeable behavior than natural nail due to probable higher proportions of amide functions and absence of disulfide bridges. With the aim to improve nail lacquer residence, the importance of adsorption, electrostatic and mechanical adhesions as well as water sorption behavior is highlighted and allowed to show the importance of roughness, a low surface energy, a moderate hydrophobicity and an ability to form hydrogen and electrostatic bonds in order to optimize adhesion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Florian Laubé
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, ENSCL, Univ. Artois, UMR 8181 - UCCS - Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Andy Poupon
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, ENSCL, Univ. Artois, UMR 8181 - UCCS - Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Philippe Zinck
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, ENSCL, Univ. Artois, UMR 8181 - UCCS - Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Christel Müller-Goymann
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Technologie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Stephan Reichl
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Technologie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Véronique Nardello-Rataj
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, ENSCL, Univ. Artois, UMR 8181 - UCCS - Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide, F-59000 Lille, France.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Nguyen HX, Banga AK. Effect of ablative laser on in vitro transungual delivery. Int J Pharm 2017; 544:402-414. [PMID: 28951347 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.09.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 08/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/16/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Topical therapy of nail psoriasis using methotrexate has not been realized due to the high molecular weight and low permeability of the compound. In this study, we used a 2940nm fractional ablative laser to disrupt the nail barrier to enhance the in vitro transungual delivery of methotrexate. Bovine hoof membrane-an in vitro model of the human nail-was treated by the laser at different energy levels and pore densities. A successful microporation was characterized by mechanical properties, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer, dye binding, histology, pore uniformity, confocal laser microscopy, nail integrity measurement, and permeation studies. No significant difference in the pore dimension was found in different treatment groups (p>0.05). Increases in pore depth corresponded with increases in the laser energy. Laser ablation was found to affect the mechanical properties of the hoof membrane. In in vitro permeation studies, laser ablation resulted in a significant increase in the drug cumulative delivery, flux, and permeability coefficient as compared to the untreated group (n=3, p<0.05). A change in the laser energy and pore density was found to alter the drug permeability. Thus, transungual methotrexate delivery was enhanced by the fractional laser ablation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiep X Nguyen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Mercer University, Atlanta GA, 30341,USA
| | - Ajay K Banga
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Mercer University, Atlanta GA, 30341,USA.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Thatai P, Sapra B. Transungual Gel of Terbinafine Hydrochloride for the Management of Onychomycosis: Formulation, Optimization, and Evaluation. AAPS PharmSciTech 2017; 18:2316-2328. [PMID: 28116600 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-017-0711-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was aimed to optimize, develop, and evaluate microemulsion and microemulsion-based gel as a vehicle for transungual drug delivery of terbinafine hydrochloride for the treatment of onychomycosis. D-optimal mixture experimental design was adopted to optimize the composition of microemulsion having amount of oil (X 1), Smix (mixture of surfactant and cosurfactant; X 2), and water (X 3) as the independent variables. The formulations were assessed for permeation (micrograms per square centimeter per hour; Y 1), particle size (nanometer; Y 2), and solubility of the drug in the formulation (milligrams per milliliter; Y 3). The microemulsion containing 3.05% oil, 24.98% Smix, and 71.96% water was selected as the optimized formulation. The microemulsion-based gel showed better penetration (∼5 folds) as well as more retention (∼9 fold) in the animal hoof as compared to the commercial cream. The techniques used to screen penetration enhancers (hydration enhancement factor, ATR-FTIR, SEM, and DSC) revealed the synergistic effect of combination of urea and n-acetyl cysteine in disruption of the structure of hoof and hence, leading to enhanced penetration of drug.
Collapse
|
14
|
Lopes G, Pinto E, Salgueiro L. Natural Products: An Alternative to Conventional Therapy for Dermatophytosis? Mycopathologia 2016; 182:143-167. [PMID: 27771883 DOI: 10.1007/s11046-016-0081-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The increased incidence of fungal infections, associated with the widespread use of antifungal drugs, has resulted in the development of resistance, making it necessary to discover new therapeutic alternatives. Among fungal infections, dermatophytoses constitute a serious public health problem, affecting 20-25 % of the world population. Medicinal plants represent an endless source of bioactive molecules, and their volatile and non-volatile extracts are clearly recognized for being the historical basis of therapeutic health care. Because of this, the research on natural products with antifungal activity against dermatophytes has considerably increased in recent years. However, despite the recognized anti-dermatophytic potential of natural products, often advantageous face to commercial drugs, there is still a long way to go until their use in therapeutics. This review attempts to summarize the current status of anti-dermatophytic natural products, focusing on their mechanism of action, the developed pharmaceutical formulations and their effectiveness in human and animal models of infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Graciliana Lopes
- CIIMAR/CIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas 289, 4050-123, Porto, Portugal
| | - Eugénia Pinto
- CIIMAR/CIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas 289, 4050-123, Porto, Portugal. .,Microbiology Service, Biological Sciences Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Lígia Salgueiro
- CNC.IBILI/Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de S. Comba, 3000-354, Coimbra, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Akhtar N, Sharma H, Pathak K. Onychomycosis: Potential of Nail Lacquers in Transungual Delivery of Antifungals. SCIENTIFICA 2016; 2016:1387936. [PMID: 27123362 PMCID: PMC4829734 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1387936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Revised: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2016] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Onychomycosis constitutes the most common fungal infection of the nail (skin beneath the nail bed) that affects the finger as well as toe nails. It is an infection that is initiated by yeasts, dermatophytes, and nondermatophyte molds. Nail lacquers are topical solutions intended only for use on fingernails as well as toenails and have been found to be useful in the treatment of onychomycosis. Thus, in the present review an attempt has been made to focus on the treatment aspects of onychomycosis and the ungual delivery of antifungals via nail lacquer. Several patents issued on nail lacquer till date have also been discussed. Penetration efficiency was assessed by several researchers across the human nail plate to investigate the potentiality of nail lacquer based formulations. Various clinical trials have also been conducted in order to evaluate the safety and efficacy of nail lacquers in delivering antifungal agents. Thus, it can be concluded that nail lacquer based preparations are efficacious and stable formulations. These possess tremendous potential for clinical topical application to the nail bed in the treatment of onychomycosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nida Akhtar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Rajiv Academy for Pharmacy, P.O. Chhatikara, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh 281001, India
| | - Hemlata Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Rajiv Academy for Pharmacy, P.O. Chhatikara, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh 281001, India
| | - Kamla Pathak
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Pharmacy College Saifai, Saifai, Etawah, Uttar Pradesh 206130, India
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Joshi M, Sharma V, Pathak K. Nail psoriasis: An updated review of clinical reports on therapy and formulation aspects for topical delivery. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2015.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
|
17
|
Flores FC, Beck RCR, da Silva CDB. Essential Oils for Treatment for Onychomycosis: A Mini-Review. Mycopathologia 2015; 181:9-15. [PMID: 26481920 DOI: 10.1007/s11046-015-9957-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Onychomycosis are fungal infections affecting finger and toenails mainly caused by dermatophyte fungi and some Candida species. Low cure rates and frequent recurrence, development of a fungal resistance front to various antimicrobial agents topical and systemic, and an ineffective topical treatment make onychomycosis difficult to treat. Essential oils are excellent candidates for the topical treatment for onychomycosis because the development of resistance by fungi is rare, and the presence of side effects is low. They are composed of a complex variety of compounds, mainly terpenes, with low molecular weight, which may easily penetrate into the nail plate, finding the fungi elements. The complex mixture confers a broad antifungal spectrum of action, through interaction with biological membranes, interference in radical and enzymatic reaction of fungi cells. Essential oils may become the source of new therapeutic molecules, and the use of an essential oil incorporated into a topical formulation is an interesting, safe, and effective alternative for the treatment for onychomycosis. However, studies are needed to evaluate the efficacy of essential oils in the treatment for onychomycosis in vivo. This mini-review aims to present the potential use of essential oils for the treatment for onychomycosis, focusing on the last decade.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda C Flores
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 1000, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Ruy C R Beck
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga, 2752, Porto Alegre, RS, 90610-000, Brazil
| | - Cristiane de B da Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 1000, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil.
- Departamento de Farmácia Industrial, Curso de Farmácia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 1000, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Bseiso EA, Nasr M, Sammour OA, Abd El Gawad NA. Novel nail penetration enhancer containing vesicles "nPEVs" for treatment of onychomycosis. Drug Deliv 2015; 23:2813-2819. [PMID: 26447337 DOI: 10.3109/10717544.2015.1099059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT The systemic treatment of onychomycosis has been hampered by the reported side effects of antifungals in addition to the limited blood circulation to the affected nails. Topical ungual treatment would circumvent the limitations of systemic onychomycosis treatment. OBJECTIVE Preparation and characterization of nail penetration enhancer containing nanovesicles (nPEVs) loaded with sertaconazole for topical treatment of onychomycosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS nPEVs were prepared using different nail penetration enhancers (N-acetyl-L-cysteine, thioglycolic acid, thiourea and ethanol) by the thin film hydration method, and characterized for their particle size, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency (EE%), elasticity, viscosity, physical stability and morphology. The selected nPEVs formula and the marketed Dermofix® cream were compared in terms of nail hydration, transungual drug uptake and antifungal activity against Trichophyton rubrum. RESULTS N-acetyl-l-cysteine was the optimum nail penetration enhancer for incorporation within vesicles. nPEVs showed high EE% of sertaconazole ranging from 77 to 95%, a size ranging from 38-538 nm and a zeta potential ranging from +48 to +72 mV. The selected nPEVs formula displayed spherical morphology and good storage stability. Compared to the conventional marketed cream, the selected nPEVs formula showed 1.4-folds higher hydration and drug uptake enhancement into nail clippings. Furthermore, it showed significantly higher zone of inhibition for Trichophyton rubrum (20.9 ± 0.25 mm) than the marketed cream (11.6 ± 0.44 mm). CONCLUSION Nail penetration enhancer containing nanovesicles (nPEVs) present a very promising option, worthy of clinical experimentation on onychomycotic patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eman A Bseiso
- a Department of Pharmaceutics , Faculty of Pharmacy, October 6 University , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Maha Nasr
- b Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy , Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University , Cairo , Egypt , and
| | - Omaima A Sammour
- b Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy , Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University , Cairo , Egypt , and
| | - Nabaweya A Abd El Gawad
- a Department of Pharmaceutics , Faculty of Pharmacy, October 6 University , Cairo , Egypt.,c Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy , Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University , Cairo , Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Baraldi A, Jones SA, Guesné S, Traynor MJ, McAuley WJ, Brown MB, Murdan S. Human nail plate modifications induced by onychomycosis: implications for topical therapy. Pharm Res 2014; 32:1626-33. [PMID: 25416028 PMCID: PMC4381097 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-014-1562-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Through the characterisation of the human onchomycotic nail plate this study aimed to inform the design of new topical ungual formulations. METHODS The mechanical properties of the human nail were characterised using a Lloyd tensile strength tester. The nail's density was determined via pycnometry and the nail's ultrastructure by electron microscopy. Raman spectroscopy analysed the keratin disulphide bonds within the nail and its permeability properties were assessed by quantifying water and rhodamine uptake. RESULTS Chronic in vivo nail plate infection increased human nailplate thickness (healthy 0.49 ± 0.15 mm; diseased 1.20 ± 0.67 mm), but reduced its tensile strength (healthy 63.7 ± 13.4 MPa; diseased 41.7 ± 5.0 MPa) and density (healthy 1.34 ± 0.01 g/cm(3); diseased 1.29 ± 0.00 g/cm(3)). Onchomycosis caused cell-cell separation, without disrupting the nail disulfide bonds or desmosomes. The diseased and healthy nails showed equivalent water uptake profiles, but the rhodamine penetration was 4-fold higher in the diseased nails using a PBS vehicle and 3 -fold higher in an ethanol/PBS vehicle. CONCLUSIONS Onchomycotic nails presented a thicker but more porous barrier, and its eroded intracellular matrix rendered the tissue more permeable to topically applied chemicals when an aqueous vehicle was used.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Baraldi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29 -39 Brunswick Square, London, WC1N 1AX, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Miron D, Battisti F, Silva FK, Lana AD, Pippi B, Casanova B, Gnoatto S, Fuentefria A, Mayorga P, Schapoval EE. Antifungal activity and mechanism of action of monoterpenes against dermatophytes and yeasts. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE FARMACOGNOSIA-BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOGNOSY 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjp.2014.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
21
|
Thatai P, Sapra B. Transungual delivery: deliberations and creeds. Int J Cosmet Sci 2014; 36:398-411. [PMID: 24888698 DOI: 10.1111/ics.12142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Although considered as trifling illness, nail diseases have a reasonably high occurrence and a noteworthy impact on the patients' quality of life. Furthermore, there is a need to improve the topical treatment for nail diseases to avoid drug interactions and to reduce side effects associated with oral therapy. Topical drug delivery to the nails has established amplified consideration lately. Strategies (such as chemical enhancers, formulation strategies, physical and mechanical methods) are being investigated in order to improve drug permeability across the nail plate. The rationale of this review is to present contemporary information on the structure of human nail along with its comparison with animal hooves. Precincts of nail permeability have been briefly discussed with respect to factors like permeant's molecular size, hydrophilicity, charge and the nature of the vehicle. These factors affect drug uptake and permeation through the nail. Formulations like nail lacquers which mimic cosmetic varnish and colloidal carriers along with nail substitutes that can be utilized for transungual delivery have also been discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Thatai
- Pharmaceutics Division, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Punjabi University, Patiala, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Abstract
Topical therapy is at the forefront in treating nail ailments (especially onychomycosis and nail psoriasis) due to its local effects, which circumvents systemic adverse events, improves patient compliance and reduces treatment cost. However, the success of topical therapy has been hindered due to poor penetration of topical therapeutics across densely keratinized nail plate barrier. For effective topical therapy across nail plate, ungual drug permeation must be enhanced. Present review is designed to provide an insight into prime aspects of transungual drug delivery viz. nail structure and physiology, various onychopathies, techniques of nail permeation enhancement and in vitro models for trans-nail drug permeation studies. Updated list of drug molecules studied across the nail plate and key commercial products have been furnished with sufficient depth. Patents pertinent to, and current clinical status of transungual drug delivery have also been comprehensively reviewed. This is the first systematic critique encompassing the detailed aspects of transungual drug delivery. In our opinion, transungual drug delivery is a promising avenue for researchers to develop novel formulations, augmenting pharmaceutical industries to commercialize the products for nail disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manish V Saner
- Department of Pharmaceutics, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, North Maharshtra University , Maharashtra , India
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Miron D, Lange A, Zimmer AR, Mayorga P, Schapoval EES. HPLC-DAD for the determination of three different classes of antifungals: method characterization, statistical approach, and application to a permeation study. Biomed Chromatogr 2014; 28:1728-37. [PMID: 24788676 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2013] [Revised: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Diogo Miron
- Pharmaceutical Quality Control Laboratory, School of Pharmacy; Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul; 90610-000 Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Alini Lange
- Pharmaceutical Quality Control Laboratory, School of Pharmacy; Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul; 90610-000 Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Aline R. Zimmer
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Laboratory, School of Pharmacy; Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul; 90610-000 Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Paulo Mayorga
- Galenic Development Laboratory, School of Pharmacy; Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul; 90610-000 Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Elfrides E. S. Schapoval
- Pharmaceutical Quality Control Laboratory, School of Pharmacy; Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul; 90610-000 Porto Alegre Brazil
| |
Collapse
|