1
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Liu M, Qiu B, Zhang Z, Zheng Y, Yuan J, Li H, Zhang X. Ligand-Enabled C6-Selective C-H Arylation of Pyrrolo[2,3- d] Pyrimidine Derivatives with Pd Catalysts: An Approach to the Synthesis of EGFR Inhibitor AEE-788. J Org Chem 2024. [PMID: 38768046 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we report the Pd(II)-catalyzed direct C-H arylation of pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives with aryl iodides, which is enabled by bidentate pyridine-pyridine ligands. A range of aryl iodides proved to be suitable coupling partners affording the desired products in good yields with high levels of C6 selectivity. This protocol features good tolerance of reactive functional groups, mild reaction conditions, and a simple reaction system, which provides an expeditious route to an essential class of 6-arylpyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidines frequently found in bioactive compounds, and provides a step-economical access to the second-generation EGFR inhibitor AEE-788.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Liu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Baojie Qiu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Zhuo Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Yulong Zheng
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtza River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Junyu Yuan
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtza River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Hailing Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtza River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Xingxian Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
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2
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Aarhus TI, Bjørnstad F, Wolowczyk C, Larsen KU, Rognstad L, Leithaug T, Unger A, Habenberger P, Wolf A, Bjørkøy G, Pridans C, Eickhoff J, Klebl B, Hoff BH, Sundby E. Synthesis and Development of Highly Selective Pyrrolo[2,3- d]pyrimidine CSF1R Inhibitors Targeting the Autoinhibited Form. J Med Chem 2023; 66:6959-6980. [PMID: 37191268 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c00428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor (CSF1R) is a receptor tyrosine kinase that controls the differentiation and maintenance of most tissue-resident macrophages, and the inhibition of CSF1R has been suggested as a possible therapy for a range of human disorders. Herein, we present the synthesis, development, and structure-activity relationship of a series of highly selective pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidines, showing subnanomolar enzymatic inhibition of this receptor and with excellent selectivity toward other kinases in the platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) family. The crystal structure of the protein and 23 revealed that the binding conformation of the protein is DFG-out-like. The most promising compounds in this series were profiled for cellular potency and subjected to pharmacokinetic profiling and in vivo stability, indicating that this compound class could be relevant in a potential disease setting. Additionally, these compounds inhibited primarily the autoinhibited form of the receptor, contrasting the behavior of pexidartinib, which could explain the exquisite selectivity of these structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Ihle Aarhus
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Frithjof Bjørnstad
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Camilla Wolowczyk
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | | | - Line Rognstad
- Department of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Trygve Leithaug
- Department of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Anke Unger
- Lead Discovery Center GmbH, Otto-Hahn-Straße 15, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Peter Habenberger
- Lead Discovery Center GmbH, Otto-Hahn-Straße 15, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Alexander Wolf
- Lead Discovery Center GmbH, Otto-Hahn-Straße 15, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Geir Bjørkøy
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Clare Pridans
- University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, U.K
| | - Jan Eickhoff
- Lead Discovery Center GmbH, Otto-Hahn-Straße 15, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Bert Klebl
- Lead Discovery Center GmbH, Otto-Hahn-Straße 15, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Bård H Hoff
- Department of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Eirik Sundby
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway
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3
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Aarhus TI, Eickhoff J, Klebl B, Unger A, Boros J, Choidas A, Zischinsky ML, Wolowczyk C, Bjørkøy G, Sundby E, Hoff BH. A highly selective purine-based inhibitor of CSF1R potently inhibits osteoclast differentiation. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 255:115344. [PMID: 37141705 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) plays an important role in the regulation of many inflammatory processes, and overexpression of the kinase is implicated in several disease states. Identifying selective, small-molecule inhibitors of CSF1R may be a crucial step toward treating these disorders. Through modelling, synthesis, and a systematic structure-activity relationship study, we have identified a number of potent and highly selective purine-based inhibitors of CSF1R. The optimized 6,8-disubstituted antagonist, compound 9, has enzymatic IC50 of 0.2 nM, and displays a strong affinity toward the autoinhibited form of CSF1R, contrasting that of other previously reported inhibitors. As a result of its binding mode, the inhibitor shows excellent selectivity (Selectivity score: 0.06), evidenced by profiling towards a panel of 468 kinases. In cell-based assays, this inhibitor shows dose-dependent blockade of CSF1-mediated downstream signalling in murine bone marrow-derived macrophages (IC50 = 106 nM) as well as disruption of osteoclast differentiation at nanomolar levels. In vivo experiments, however, indicate that improve metabolic stability is needed in order to further progress this compound class.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Ihle Aarhus
- Department of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Høgskoleringen 5, NO-7491, Trondheim, Norway; Lead Discovery Center GmbH (LDC), Otto-Hahn-Strasse 15, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Jan Eickhoff
- Lead Discovery Center GmbH (LDC), Otto-Hahn-Strasse 15, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Bert Klebl
- Lead Discovery Center GmbH (LDC), Otto-Hahn-Strasse 15, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Anke Unger
- Lead Discovery Center GmbH (LDC), Otto-Hahn-Strasse 15, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Joanna Boros
- Lead Discovery Center GmbH (LDC), Otto-Hahn-Strasse 15, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Axel Choidas
- Lead Discovery Center GmbH (LDC), Otto-Hahn-Strasse 15, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Mia-Lisa Zischinsky
- Lead Discovery Center GmbH (LDC), Otto-Hahn-Strasse 15, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Camilla Wolowczyk
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), NO-7491, Trondheim, Norway; Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), NO-7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Geir Bjørkøy
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), NO-7491, Trondheim, Norway; Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), NO-7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Eirik Sundby
- Department of Material Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), NO-7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Bård Helge Hoff
- Department of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Høgskoleringen 5, NO-7491, Trondheim, Norway.
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4
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Bjørnstad F, Sundby E, Hoff BH. Directed Lithiation of Protected 4-Chloropyrrolopyrimidine: Addition to Aldehydes and Ketones Aided by Bis(2-dimethylaminoethyl)ether. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28030932. [PMID: 36770597 PMCID: PMC9919650 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28030932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Pyrrolopyrimidines are important scaffolds for the preparation of bioactive molecules. Therefore, developing efficient and flexible ways for selective functionalization of the pyrrolopyrimidine skeleton is of interest. We have investigated lithiation-addition at C-6 of protected 4-chloro-7H-pyrrolo [2,3-d]pyrimidine as a route to new building blocks for medicinal chemistry. It was found that bis(2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether as an additive increased the yield in the additional reaction with benzaldehyde. Deuterium oxide quench experiments showed that this additive offered both a higher degree of lithiation and increased stability of the lithiated intermediate. The substrate scope of the protocol was investigated with 16 aldehydes and ketones, revealing the method to be excellently suited for reaction with aldehydes, cyclohexanone derivatives and 2,2,2-trifluoroacetophenone, while being less efficient for acetophenones. Yields in the range of 46-93% were obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frithjof Bjørnstad
- Department of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Material Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Eirik Sundby
- Department of Material Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Bård Helge Hoff
- Department of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +47-735-93973
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5
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Yadav TT, Moin Shaikh G, Kumar MS, Chintamaneni M, YC M. A Review on Fused Pyrimidine Systems as EGFR Inhibitors and Their Structure–Activity Relationship. Front Chem 2022; 10:861288. [PMID: 35769445 PMCID: PMC9234326 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.861288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) belongs to the family of tyrosine kinase that is activated when a specific ligand binds to it. The EGFR plays a vital role in the cellular proliferation process, differentiation, and apoptosis. In the case of cancer, EGFR undergoes uncontrolled auto-phosphorylation that results in increased cellular proliferation and decreased apoptosis, causing cancer promotion. From the literature, it shows that pyrimidine is one of the most commonly studied heterocycles for its antiproliferative activity against EGFR inhibition. The authors have collated some interesting results in the heterocycle-fused pyrimidines that have been studied using different cell lines (sensitive and mutational) and in animal models to determine their activity and potency. It is quite clear that the fused systems are highly effective in inhibiting EGFR activity in cancer cells. Therefore, the structure–activity relationship (SAR) comes into play in determining the nature of the heterocycle and the substituents that are responsible for the increased activity and toxicity. Understanding the SAR of heterocycle-fused pyrimidines will help in getting a better overview of the molecules concerning their activity and potency profile as future EGFR inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Mayur YC
- *Correspondence: Mayur YC, mayur
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6
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Luo S, Weng C, Qin Z, Li K, Zhao T, Ding Y, Ling C, Ma Y, An J. Tandem H/D Exchange-SET Reductive Deuteration Strategy for the Synthesis of α,β-Deuterated Amines Using D 2O. J Org Chem 2021; 86:11862-11870. [PMID: 34414760 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
α,β-Deuterated amines are crucial for the development of deuterated drugs. We intend to introduce the novel tandem H/D exchange-single electron transfer (SET) reductive deuteration strategy with high pot- and reagent-economy by the synthesis of α,β-deuterated amine using nitrile as the precursor. The H/D exchange of the -CH2CN group was achieved by D2O/Et3N, which were also the required reagents in the tandem SmI2-mediated SET reductive deuteration of the α-deuterated nitrile. The potential application of this method was further showcased by the synthesis of bevantolol-d4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihui Luo
- Department of Chemistry and Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chaoqun Weng
- Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zixuan Qin
- Department of Chemistry and Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ke Li
- Department of Chemistry and Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Tianxiao Zhao
- Department of Chemistry and Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yuxuan Ding
- Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chen Ling
- Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yuan Ma
- Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jie An
- Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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7
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Bansal Y, Minhas R, Singhal A, Arora RK, Bansal G. Benzimidazole: A Multifacted Nucelus for Anticancer Agents. CURR ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1385272825666210208141107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is characterized by an uncontrolled proliferation of cells, dedifferentiation,
invasiveness and metastasis. Endothelial growth factor (eGF), insulin-like growth factor
(IGF), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), Fibroblast growth factor (FGF), Vascular endothelial
growth factor (VEGF), checkpoint kinase 1 & 2 ( Chk1 & Chk2), aurora kinases,
topoisomerases, histone deacetylators (HDAC), poly(ADP-Ribose)polymerase (PARP), farnesyl
transferases, RAS-MAPK pathway and PI3K-Akt-mTOR pathway, are some of the
prominent mediators implicated in the proliferation of tumor cells. Huge artillery of natural
and synthetic compounds as anticancer, which act by inhibiting one or more of the enzymes
and/or pathways responsible for the progression of tumor cells, is reported in the literature.
The major limitations of anticancer agents used in clinics as well as of those under development
in literature are normal cell toxicity and other side effects due to lack of specificity.
Hence, medicinal chemists across the globe have been working for decades to develop potent and safe anticancer
agents from natural sources as well as from different classes of heterocycles. Benzimidazole is one of the most important
and explored heteronucelus because of their versatility in biological actions as well as synthetic applications
in medicinal chemistry. The structural similarity of amino derivatives of benzimidazole with purines makes it a fascinating
nucleus for the development of anticancer, antimicrobial and anti-HIV agents. This review article is an attempt
to critically analyze various reports on benzimidazole derivatives acting on different targets to act as anticancer so as
to understand the structural requirements around benzimidazole nucleus for each target and enable medicinal chemists
to promote rational development of antitumor agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogita Bansal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala - 147002, India
| | - Richa Minhas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala - 147002, India
| | - Ankit Singhal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala - 147002, India
| | - Radhey Krishan Arora
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala - 147002, India
| | - Gulshan Bansal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala - 147002, India
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8
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Lamie PF, El-Kalaawy AM, Abdel Latif NS, Rashed LA, Philoppes JN. Pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine-based dual EGFR T790M/HER2 inhibitors: Design, synthesis, structure-activity relationship and biological activity as potential antitumor and anticonvulsant agents. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 214:113222. [PMID: 33545637 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A new series of pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine/triazine hybrids 6a-r was designed as antitumor and anticonvulsant agents. All the prepared compounds were evaluated against colon (HCT-116), breast (MCF-7) and normal human fibroblast (WI38) cell lines. The most potent derivatives against HCT-116 and MCF-7 cells were 6o and 6q, with IC50 = 4.80 and 6.50 nM, respectively, when compared to lapatinib, the reference drug (IC50 = 12.00 and 21.00 nM, on HCT-116 and MCF-7, sequentially). All other derivatives exhibited good to moderate cytotoxic activity. Four compounds 6f, 6j, 6o and 6q were evaluated for their EGFR T790M/HER2 inhibitory activity. They revealed 81.81-65.70% and 86.66-54.49% inhibitory activity against EGFR T790M and HER2 in a sequent. The most potent derivatives 6o and 6q were further estimated for cell cycle analysis showing pre G1 apoptotic activity and cell growth arrest at G2/M phase. Apoptotic marker proteins expression levels (caspase-3/7/9, Bax and Bcl-2) were measured for 6o and 6q. They showed pro-apoptotic effect by increasing caspase-3/7/9 protein levels and Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. Moreover, anticonvulsant activity for the prepared compounds 6a-r were evaluated in vivo using lithium-pilocarpine mice model of Status Epilepticus. EEG changes where recorded and MDA, GSH, GABA and glutamate were measured in brain tissue of different groups. All tested compounds revealed variable anti-epileptic effects, the most potent compounds were 6b and 6m. Also 6d, 6e, 6h, 6i, 6k, 6l and 6n compounds exhibited good anti-seizure activity, while compound 6j showed the lower activity. The rest of compounds displayed a neutral activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phoebe F Lamie
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt.
| | - Asmaa M El-Kalaawy
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Noha S Abdel Latif
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Laila A Rashed
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - John N Philoppes
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
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9
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Lakkaniga NR, Gunaganti N, Zhang L, Belachew B, Frett B, Leung YK, Li HY. Pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives as inhibitors of RET: Design, synthesis and biological evaluation. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 206:112691. [PMID: 32823007 PMCID: PMC10536156 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Gene fusions and point mutations of RET kinase are crucial for driving thoracic cancers, including thyroid cancer and non-small cell lung cancer. Various scaffolds based on different heterocycles have been synthesized and evaluated as RET inhibitors. In this work, we investigate pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives for inhibition of RET-wt, drug resistant mutant RET V804M and RET gene fusion driven cell lines. Several compounds were synthesized and the structure activity relationship was extensively studied to optimize the scaffold. Thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine, a bioisostere of pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine, was also explored for the effect on RET inhibition. We identified a lead compound, 59, which shows low nanomolar potency against RET-wt and RET V804M. Further 59 shows growth inhibition of LC-2/ad cells which RET-CCDC6 driven. We also determined that 59 is a type 2 inhibitor of RET and demonstrated its ability to inhibit migration of tumor cells. Based on computational studies, we proposed a binding pose of 59 in RET pocket and have quantified the contributions of individual residues for its binding. Together, 59 is an important lead compound which needs further evaluation in biological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naga Rajiv Lakkaniga
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Naresh Gunaganti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Lingtian Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Binyam Belachew
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Brendan Frett
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Yuet-Kin Leung
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Hong-Yu Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA.
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10
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Kumar R, de Vijver MV, Tortora G, Ciardiello F, Goldkorn T, Miller WH, Norton L. A Tribute to John Mendelsohn: A Pioneer in Targeted Cancer Therapy. Cancer Res 2019; 79:4315-4323. [PMID: 31213466 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-0989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cancer scientists and clinicians are mourning the death of one of the most accomplished members of their community: Dr. John Mendelsohn. He was a pioneer in targeted cancer therapy and was instrumental for the discovery and deployment of the first antagonist epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) therapeutic antibodies, broadening the concept of targeted EGFR therapy to encompass other receptor tyrosine kinases, such as HER2, and developing blocking antibody-combination therapy with chemotherapies or radiotherapy. Dr. Mendelsohn, who died on January 7, 2019, always led by the strength of his accomplishments and the humility of his character. Above all, he was a well-revered mentor and clinician, who extended compassion and the gift of his time to patients, colleagues, and mentees alike. In tribute to Dr. Mendelsohn, Cancer Research has invited his former mentees and colleagues who were associated with Dr. Mendelsohn for over three decades to reflect on the broad impact of his work. Here, we discuss Dr. Mendelsohn's illustrious career at three elite academic cancer institutions and hospitals in the United States, his acumen to build, grow, and uplift institutions, and train a generation of medical oncologists, physician scientists, and cancer biologists. His profound legacy on targeted therapy and cancer research and treatment continue to prolong and save the lives of cancer patients globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Kumar
- Cancer Biology Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Trivandrum, Kerala, India.
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Marc Van de Vijver
- Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Giampaolo Tortora
- Medical Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Gemelli, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Medical Oncology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Fortunato Ciardiello
- Dipartimento di Medicina di Precisione, Università degli Studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Napoli, Italy
| | - Tzipora Goldkorn
- University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, California
| | - Wilson H Miller
- Department of Medicine, Segal Cancer Center and Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Larry Norton
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
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11
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Reiersølmoen AC, Aarhus TI, Eckelt S, Nørsett KG, Sundby E, Hoff BH. Potent and selective EGFR inhibitors based on 5-aryl-7H-pyrrolopyrimidin-4-amines. Bioorg Chem 2019; 88:102918. [PMID: 30999245 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.102918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor receptor represents an important target in cancer therapy, and low molecular weight inhibitors based on quinazolines have reached the marked. Herein we report on a new scaffold, 5-aryl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-amines, and show that when employing (S)-phenylglycinol as C-4 substituent, potent inhibitors can be made. The two most active inhibitors have suitable druglike properties, were equipotent with Erlotinib in Ba/F3 cell studies, and showed lower cross reactivity than Erlotinib in a panel of 50 kinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Christin Reiersølmoen
- Department of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Thomas Ihle Aarhus
- Department of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway; Department of Material Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Sarah Eckelt
- Department of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway; Institute of Organic Chemistry, Universität Hamburg, Welckerstrasse 8, 201354 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kristin Gabestad Nørsett
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway; Department of Computer Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Eirik Sundby
- Department of Material Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Bård Helge Hoff
- Department of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway.
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12
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Identification of fused pyrimidines as interleukin 17 secretion inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 155:562-578. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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13
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Fekete B, Palkó M, Haukka M, Fülöp F. Synthesis of Pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrimidine Enantiomers via Domino Ring-Closure followed by Retro Diels-Alder Protocol. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22040613. [PMID: 28406463 PMCID: PMC6154686 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22040613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
From 2-aminonorbornene hydroxamic acids, a simple and efficient method for the preparation of pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrimidine enantiomers is reported. The synthesis is based on domino ring-closure followed by microwave-induced retro Diels-Alder (RDA) protocols, where the chirality of the desired products is transferred from norbornene derivatives. The stereochemistry of the synthesized compounds was proven by X-ray crystallography. The absolute configuration of the product is determined by the configuration of the starting amino hydroxamic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beáta Fekete
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Eötvös utca 6, Szeged H-6720, Hungary.
| | - Márta Palkó
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Eötvös utca 6, Szeged H-6720, Hungary.
| | - Matti Haukka
- Department of Chemistry, University of Jyväskylä, FIN-40014 Turku, Finland.
| | - Ferenc Fülöp
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Eötvös utca 6, Szeged H-6720, Hungary.
- MTA-SZTE Stereochemistry Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Eötvös utca 6, Szeged H-6720, Hungary.
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14
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Musumeci F, Fallacara AL, Brullo C, Grossi G, Botta L, Calandro P, Chiariello M, Kissova M, Crespan E, Maga G, Schenone S. Identification of new pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidines as Src tyrosine kinase inhibitors in vitro active against Glioblastoma. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 127:369-378. [PMID: 28076826 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In the last few years, several pyrrolo-pyrimidine derivatives have been either approved by the US FDA and in other countries for the treatment of different diseases or are currently in phase I/II clinical trials. Herein we present the synthesis and the characterization of a novel series of pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidines, compounds 8a-j, and their activity against Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Docking studies and MM-GBSA analysis revealed the ability of such compounds to efficiently interact with the ATP binding site of Src. Enzymatic assays against a mini-panel of kinases (Src, Fyn, EGFR, Kit, Flt3, Abl, AblT315I) have been performed, showing an unexpected selectivity of our pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidines for Src. Finally, the derivatives were tested for their antiproliferative potency on U87 GBM cell line. Compound 8h showed a considerable cytotoxicity effect against U87 cell line with an IC50 value of 7.1 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Musumeci
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Genova, Viale Benedetto XV, 3, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Anna Lucia Fallacara
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Chiara Brullo
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Genova, Viale Benedetto XV, 3, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Grossi
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Genova, Viale Benedetto XV, 3, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Botta
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università"Federico II" di Napoli, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Pierpaolo Calandro
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Mario Chiariello
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Fisiologia Clinica and Istituto Toscano Tumori, Core Research Laboratory, Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Miroslava Kissova
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Genetica Molecolare, IGM-CNR, Via Abbiategrasso 207, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Emmanuele Crespan
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Genetica Molecolare, IGM-CNR, Via Abbiategrasso 207, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Giovanni Maga
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Genetica Molecolare, IGM-CNR, Via Abbiategrasso 207, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Silvia Schenone
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Genova, Viale Benedetto XV, 3, 16132 Genova, Italy.
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15
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Han J, Henriksen S, Nørsett KG, Sundby E, Hoff BH. Balancing potency, metabolic stability and permeability in pyrrolopyrimidine-based EGFR inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 124:583-607. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.08.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Revised: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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16
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Han J, Kaspersen SJ, Nervik S, Nørsett KG, Sundby E, Hoff BH. Chiral 6-aryl-furo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-amines as EGFR inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 119:278-99. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.04.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Revised: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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17
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Bugge S, Buene AF, Jurisch-Yaksi N, Moen IU, Skjønsfjell EM, Sundby E, Hoff BH. Extended structure–activity study of thienopyrimidine-based EGFR inhibitors with evaluation of drug-like properties. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 107:255-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Revised: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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18
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Sundby E, Han J, Kaspersen SJ, Hoff BH. In vitro baselining of new pyrrolopyrimidine EGFR-TK inhibitors with Erlotinib. Eur J Pharm Sci 2015; 80:56-65. [PMID: 26296860 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2015.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Revised: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors are useful in treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, and show promise in combination therapy settings. Two novel chiral pyrrolopyrimidines have been baselined towards Erlotinib, Lapatinib and Dasatinib using in vitro cellular studies and ADME profiling. One of these, (S)-2-((6-(4-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methoxyphenyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)amino)-2-phenylethan-1-ol, was more active than Erlotinib in lung and breast cancer cell models. The compound also had promising activity towards ovarian cancer cell lines, while low activity was seen towards cells of haematological origin. ADME profiling revealed good solubility, higher metabolic stability than Erlotinib and no inhibitory effect towards the hERG voltage-gated ion channel. Investigation of inhibitory potency towards 6 CYP isoforms generally revealed low inhibitory potency, but in the case of CYP3A4, a substrate dependent inhibition was noted using testosterone as substrate (IC50: 12.5μM). No cellular or gene toxicity was noted for the compounds or products of phase I metabolism. However, permeability studies using Caco-2 cells revealed a high efflux ratio. Further experiments using ABC transporter inhibitors revealed that the pyrrolopyrimidines are actively transported by the breast cancer resistant protein and P-glycoprotein transporters, which might prevent their further development into drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eirik Sundby
- Sør-Trøndelag University College, E. C. Dahls gt. 2, NO-7004 Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Jin Han
- Sør-Trøndelag University College, E. C. Dahls gt. 2, NO-7004 Trondheim, Norway; Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Høgskoleringen 5, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Svein Jacob Kaspersen
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Høgskoleringen 5, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Bård Helge Hoff
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Høgskoleringen 5, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway.
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19
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Truncated structures used in search for new lead compounds and in a retrospective analysis of thienopyrimidine-based EGFR inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 94:175-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Revised: 02/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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