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Vlachou D, Veretennikova M, Usselmann L, Vasilyev V, Ott S, Bjarnason GA, Dallmann R, Levi F, Rand DA. TimeTeller: A tool to probe the circadian clock as a multigene dynamical system. PLoS Comput Biol 2024; 20:e1011779. [PMID: 38422117 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1011779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have established that the circadian clock influences onset, progression and therapeutic outcomes in a number of diseases including cancer and heart diseases. Therefore, there is a need for tools to measure the functional state of the molecular circadian clock and its downstream targets in patients. Moreover, the clock is a multi-dimensional stochastic oscillator and there are few tools for analysing it as a noisy multigene dynamical system. In this paper we consider the methodology behind TimeTeller, a machine learning tool that analyses the clock as a noisy multigene dynamical system and aims to estimate circadian clock function from a single transcriptome by modelling the multi-dimensional state of the clock. We demonstrate its potential for clock systems assessment by applying it to mouse, baboon and human microarray and RNA-seq data and show how to visualise and quantify the global structure of the clock, quantitatively stratify individual transcriptomic samples by clock dysfunction and globally compare clocks across individuals, conditions and tissues thus highlighting its potential relevance for advancing circadian medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Vlachou
- Mathematics Institute & Zeeman Institute for Systems Biology and Infectious Disease Epidemiology Research, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Veretennikova
- Mathematics Institute & Zeeman Institute for Systems Biology and Infectious Disease Epidemiology Research, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Usselmann
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Vadim Vasilyev
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Sascha Ott
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Georg A Bjarnason
- Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robert Dallmann
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Francis Levi
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
- Department of Statistics, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
- UPR "Chronotherapy, Cancer and Transplantation", Medical School, Paris-Saclay University, Medical Oncology Department, Paul Brousse Hospital, Villejuif, France
| | - David A Rand
- Mathematics Institute & Zeeman Institute for Systems Biology and Infectious Disease Epidemiology Research, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
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Akyel YK, Ozturk Civelek D, Ozturk Seyhan N, Gul S, Gazioglu I, Pala Kara Z, Lévi F, Kavakli IH, Okyar A. Diurnal Changes in Capecitabine Clock-Controlled Metabolism Enzymes Are Responsible for Its Pharmacokinetics in Male Mice. J Biol Rhythms 2023; 38:171-184. [PMID: 36762608 PMCID: PMC10037547 DOI: 10.1177/07487304221148779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
The circadian timing system controls absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination processes of drug pharmacokinetics over a 24-h period. Exposure of target tissues to the active form of the drug and cytotoxicity display variations depending on the chronopharmacokinetics. For anticancer drugs with narrow therapeutic ranges and dose-limiting side effects, it is particularly important to know the temporal changes in pharmacokinetics. A previous study indicated that pharmacokinetic profile of capecitabine was different depending on dosing time in rat. However, it is not known how such difference is attributed with respect to diurnal rhythm. Therefore, in this study, we evaluated capecitabine-metabolizing enzymes in a diurnal rhythm-dependent manner. To this end, C57BL/6J male mice were orally treated with 500 mg/kg capecitabine at ZT1, ZT7, ZT13, or ZT19. We then determined pharmacokinetics of capecitabine and its metabolites, 5'-deoxy-5-fluorocytidine (5'DFCR), 5'-deoxy-5-fluorouridine (5'DFUR), 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), in plasma and liver. Results revealed that plasma Cmax and AUC0-6h (area under the plasma concentration-time curve from 0 to 6 h) values of capecitabine, 5'DFUR, and 5-FU were higher during the rest phase (ZT1 and ZT7) than the activity phase (ZT13 and ZT19) (p < 0.05). Similarly, Cmax and AUC0-6h values of 5'DFUR and 5-FU in liver were higher during the rest phase than activity phase (p < 0.05), while there was no significant difference in liver concentrations of capecitabine and 5'DFCR. We determined the level of the enzymes responsible for the conversion of capecitabine and its metabolites at each ZT. Results indicated the levels of carboxylesterase 1 and 2, cytidine deaminase, uridine phosphorylase 2, and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (p < 0.05) are being rhythmically regulated and, in turn, attributed different pharmacokinetics profiles of capecitabine and its metabolism. This study highlights the importance of capecitabine administration time to increase the efficacy with minimum adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasemin Kubra Akyel
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Dilek Ozturk Civelek
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Narin Ozturk Seyhan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Seref Gul
- Biotechnology Division, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Isil Gazioglu
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Zeliha Pala Kara
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Francis Lévi
- UPR "Chronotherapy, Cancer and Transplantation," Medical School, Paris-Saclay University, Villejuif, France
- Medical Oncology Department, Paul Brousse Hospital, Villejuif, France
- Cancer Chronotherapy Team, Cancer Research Centre, Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, Coventry, UK
| | - Ibrahim Halil Kavakli
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Alper Okyar
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Yu F, Liu Y, Zhang R, Zhu L, Zhang T, Shi Y. Recent advances in circadian-regulated pharmacokinetics and its implications for chronotherapy. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 203:115185. [PMID: 35902039 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Dependence of pharmacokinetics and drug effects (efficacy and toxicity) on dosing time has long been recognized. However, significant progress has only recently been made in our understanding of circadian rhythms and their regulation on drug pharmacokinetics, efficacy and toxicity. This review will cover the relevant literature and a series of publications from our work summarizing the effects of circadian rhythms on drug pharmacokinetics, and propose that the influence of circadian rhythms on pharmacokinetics are ultimately translated into therapeutic effects and side effects of drugs. Evidence suggests that daily rhythmicity in expression of drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters necessary for drug ADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion) are key factors determining circadian pharmacokinetics. Newly discovered mechanisms for circadian control of the enzymes and transporters are covered. We also discuss how the rhythms of drug-processing proteins are translated into circadian pharmacokinetics and drug chronoefficacy/chronotoxicity, which has direct implications for chronotherapy. More importantly, we will present perspectives on the challenges that are still needed for a breakthrough in translational research. In addition, knowledge of the circadian influence on drug disposition has provided new possibilities for novel pharmacological strategies. Careful application of pharmacokinetics-based chronotherapy strategies can improve efficacy and reduce toxicity. Circadian rhythm-mediated metabolic and transport strategies can also be implemented to design drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangjun Yu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- School of Fundamental Medical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lijun Zhu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tianpeng Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Rhythm and Metabolism, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yafei Shi
- School of Fundamental Medical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
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Sakai S, Kobuchi S, Ito Y, Sakaeda T. Assessment of drug-drug interaction and optimization in capecitabine and irinotecan combination regimen using a physiologically based pharmacokinetic model. J Pharm Sci 2021; 111:1522-1530. [PMID: 34965386 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2021.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Capecitabine and irinotecan (CPT-11) combination regimen (XELIRI) is used for colorectal cancer treatment. Capecitabine is metabolized to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) by three enzymes, including carboxylesterase (CES). CES can also convert CPT-11 to 7-ethyl-10-hydroxycamptotecin (SN-38). CES is involved in the metabolic activation of both capecitabine and CPT-11, and it is possible that drug-drug interactions occur in XELIRI. Here, a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model was developed to evaluate drug-drug interactions. Capecitabine (180 mg/kg) and CPT-11 (180 mg/m2) were administered to rats, and blood (250 μL) was collected from the jugular vein nine times after administration. Metabolic enzyme activities and Ki values were calculated through in vitro experiments. The plasma concentration of 5-FU in XELIRI was significantly decreased compared to capecitabine monotherapy, and metabolism of capecitabine by CES was inhibited by CPT-11. A PBPK model was developed based on the in vivo and in vitro results. Furthermore, a PBPK model-based simulation was performed with the capecitabin dose ranging from 0 to 1000mol/kg in XELIRI, and it was found that an approximately 1.7-fold dosage of capecitabine was required in XELIRI for comparable 5-FU exposure with capecitabine monotherapy. PBPK model-based simulation will contribute to the optimization of colorectal cancer chemotherapy using XELIRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhei Sakai
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
| | - Shinji Kobuchi
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
| | - Yukako Ito
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Sakaeda
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan..
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Yue K, Hou X, Jia G, Zhang L, Zhang J, Tan L, Wang X, Zhang Z, Li P, Xu W, Li X, Jiang Y. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of hybrid of ubenimex-fluorouracil for hepatocellular carcinoma therapy. Bioorg Chem 2021; 116:105343. [PMID: 34544027 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
In our previous study, we discovered a ubenimex-fluorouracil (5FU) conjugates BC-02, which displays significant in vivo anti-tumor activity, however, the instability of BC-02 in plasma limits its further development as a drug candidate. Herein, we designed and synthesized four novel ubenimex-5FU conjugates by optimizing the linkers between ubenimex and 5FU based on BC-02. Representative compound 20 is more stable than BC-02 in human plasma and displays about 100 times higher CD13 inhibitory activity than the positive control ubenimex. Meanwhile, the antiproliferative activity of 20 was comparable with 5FU in vitro. The preliminary mechanism study indicated that compound 20 exhibited significant anti-invasion and anti-angiogenesis activities in vitro. Furthermore, compound 20 obviously inhibits tumor growth and metastasis in vivo and prolong the survival time of tumor-bearing mice. Our study may have an important implication reference for the design of more druglike mutual prodrug, and compound 20 can be used as a lead compound for further design and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kairui Yue
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Xiaohan Hou
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Geng Jia
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Jian Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, 261053 Wei'fang, Shandong, PR China
| | - Leqiao Tan
- Weifang Bochuang International Biological Medicinal Institute, Weifang, Shandong 261061, PR China
| | - Xuejian Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, 261053 Wei'fang, Shandong, PR China
| | - Zhaolin Zhang
- Weifang Bochuang International Biological Medicinal Institute, Weifang, Shandong 261061, PR China
| | - Peixia Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Wenfang Xu
- Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Qingdao, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, PR China
| | - Xiaoyang Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, PR China.
| | - Yuqi Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, PR China.
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Trebucq LL, Cardama GA, Lorenzano Menna P, Golombek DA, Chiesa JJ, Marpegan L. Timing of Novel Drug 1A-116 to Circadian Rhythms Improves Therapeutic Effects against Glioblastoma. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1091. [PMID: 34371781 PMCID: PMC8309043 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13071091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The Ras homologous family of small guanosine triphosphate-binding enzymes (GTPases) is critical for cell migration and proliferation. The novel drug 1A-116 blocks the interaction site of the Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (RAC1) GTPase with some of its guanine exchange factors (GEFs), such as T-cell lymphoma invasion and metastasis 1 (TIAM1), inhibiting cell motility and proliferation. Knowledge of circadian regulation of targets can improve chemotherapy in glioblastoma. Thus, circadian regulation in the efficacy of 1A-116 was studied in LN229 human glioblastoma cells and tumor-bearing nude mice. METHODS Wild-type LN229 and BMAL1-deficient (i.e., lacking a functional circadian clock) LN229E1 cells were assessed for rhythms in TIAM1, BMAL1, and period circadian protein homolog 1 (PER1), as well as Tiam1, Bmal1, and Rac1 mRNA levels. The effects of 1A-116 on proliferation, apoptosis, and migration were then assessed upon applying the drug at different circadian times. Finally, 1A-116 was administered to tumor-bearing mice at two different circadian times. RESULTS In LN229 cells, circadian oscillations were found for BMAL1, PER1, and TIAM1 (mRNA and protein), and for the effects of 1A-116 on proliferation, apoptosis, and migration, which were abolished in LN229E1 cells. Increased survival time was observed in tumor-bearing mice when treated with 1A-116 at the end of the light period (zeitgeber time 12, ZT12) compared either to animals treated at the beginning (ZT3) or with vehicle. CONCLUSIONS These results unveil the circadian modulation in the efficacy of 1A-116, likely through RAC1 pathway rhythmicity, suggesting that a chronopharmacological approach is a feasible strategy to improve glioblastoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Lucía Trebucq
- Laboratorio de Cronobiología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes-CONICET, Bernal 1876, Buenos Aires, Argentina; (L.L.T.); (D.A.G.)
| | - Georgina Alexandra Cardama
- Laboratorio de Oncología Molecular, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes-CONICET, Bernal 1876, Buenos Aires, Argentina; (G.A.C.); (P.L.M.)
| | - Pablo Lorenzano Menna
- Laboratorio de Oncología Molecular, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes-CONICET, Bernal 1876, Buenos Aires, Argentina; (G.A.C.); (P.L.M.)
| | - Diego Andrés Golombek
- Laboratorio de Cronobiología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes-CONICET, Bernal 1876, Buenos Aires, Argentina; (L.L.T.); (D.A.G.)
| | - Juan José Chiesa
- Laboratorio de Cronobiología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes-CONICET, Bernal 1876, Buenos Aires, Argentina; (L.L.T.); (D.A.G.)
| | - Luciano Marpegan
- Departamento de Física Médica, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Bariloche 8400, Río Negro, Argentina
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Sakai S, Kobuchi S, Ito Y, Sakaeda T. A Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic-Pharmacodynamic Model for Capecitabine in Colorectal Cancer Rats: Simulation of Antitumor Efficacy at Various Administration Schedules. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2021; 46:301-315. [PMID: 33606175 DOI: 10.1007/s13318-021-00674-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Capecitabine is an oral prodrug of 5-fluorouracil and is widely used for colorectal cancer (CRC) treatment. However, knowledge of its antitumor efficacy after modification of the dosing schedule is insufficient. The aim of this study was to predict the antitumor efficacy of capecitabine using a physiologically based pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PBPK-PD) model based on metabolic enzyme activities. METHODS CRC model rats were administrated 180 mg/kg of capecitabine for 2 weeks. Blood samples were collected at 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 8 h following capecitabine administration. Plasma concentrations of capecitabine and its metabolites were measured on days 1, 7, and 14. Metabolic enzyme activities were determined in vitro using the liver and small intestine of the CRC model rats. A PBPK-PD model was developed based on metabolic enzyme activities. The antitumor efficacy of capecitabine after regimen modification was simulated using the PBPK-PD model. RESULTS Capecitabine antitumor efficacy was dose-dependent. A dose of > 500 μmol/kg was needed to inhibit tumor growth. After capecitabine regimen modification, a 1-week postponement of capecitabine administration was more efficacious than a reduction in the dosage to 80%. CONCLUSIONS The PBPK-PD model could simulate the antitumor efficacy at various capecitabine administration schedules. PBPK-PD models can contribute to the development of an appropriate CRC chemotherapy regimen with capecitabine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhei Sakai
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, 607-8414, Japan
| | - Shinji Kobuchi
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, 607-8414, Japan
| | - Yukako Ito
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, 607-8414, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Sakaeda
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, 607-8414, Japan.
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Abstract
Introduction: Solute Carrier (SLC) and ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters expressed in the intestine, liver, and kidney determine the absorption, distribution, and excretion of drugs. In addition, most molecular and cellular processes show circadian rhythmicity controlled by circadian clocks that leads to diurnal variations in the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of many drugs and affects their therapeutic efficacy and toxicity.Area covered: This review provides an overview of the current knowledge on the circadian rhythmicity of drug transporters and the molecular mechanisms of their circadian control. Evidence for coupling drug transporters to circadian oscillators and the plausible candidates conveying circadian clock signals to target drug transporters, particularly transcription factors operating as the output of clock genes, is discussed.Expert opinion: The circadian machinery has been demonstrated to interact with the uptake and efflux of various drug transporters. The evidence supports the concept that diurnal changes that affect drug transporters may influence the pharmacokinetics of the drugs. However, more systematic studies are required to better define the timing of pharmacologically important drug transporter regulation and determine tissue- and sex-dependent differences. Finally, the transfer of knowledge based on the results and conclusions obtained primarily from animal models will require careful validation before it is applied to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiří Pácha
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Balounová
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Matúš Soták
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Wallenberg Laboratory, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Kobuchi S, Matsumura E, Ito Y, Sakaeda T. Population Pharmacokinetic Model-Based Evaluation of Circadian Variations in Plasma 5-Fluorouracil Concentrations During Long-Term Infusion in Rats: A Comparison With Oral Anticancer Prodrugs. J Pharm Sci 2020; 109:2356-2361. [PMID: 32311368 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2020.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Circadian fluctuations in the plasma concentration of 5-fluorouracil impede the accurate estimation of target therapeutic concentrations in the long-term infusion or oral 5-fluorouracil-based prodrug regimen. We evaluated the circadian patterns of plasma 5-fluorouracil concentrations in rats using population pharmacokinetic model. Rats were divided into 2 groups, and a continuous infusion (50 mg/m2/h) for 48 h was initiated with or without a bolus injection of 60 mg/kg 5-fluorouracil. In the group not administered a loading dose, significant circadian variation of plasma 5-fluorouracil concentration was observed. In contrast, in the loading dose group, this circadian variation disappeared. Additionally, decreased hepatic dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase activity was observed. Population model analysis revealed that the concentrations of 5-fluorouracil followed a 24-h cosine circadian curve, representing an overall 1.8-fold increase from a nadir to a peak, with a relative amplitude (% of mesor) of 28%. The circadian 5-fluorouracil clearance pattern in the infusion-regimen was consistent with previously reported pattern for capecitabine and uracil-tegafur. In the recently modified regimen omitting the bolus injection of 5-fluorouracil, the circadian variations should be considered for blood sampling time points in therapeutic drug monitoring. The chronomodulated chemotherapy using oral prodrug administration could be established based on accumulating evidence in the infusion-regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Kobuchi
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Eisuke Matsumura
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yukako Ito
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Sakaeda
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, Japan.
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Sakai S, Kobuchi S, Ito Y, Sakaeda T. Assessment of pharmacokinetic variations of capecitabine after multiple administration in rats: a physiologically based pharmacokinetic model. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2020; 85:869-880. [PMID: 32240335 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-020-04057-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Capecitabine is a prodrug of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) used for the treatment of colorectal cancer, with a two-week course of administration. However, the variance in plasma concentration and metabolic enzyme activities after multiple administration of capecitabine and its metabolites is unknown. The aim of this study was to identify the variance and predict the plasma concentration profile of capecitabine and its metabolites, using metabolic enzyme activities, to develop a more effective and safer medication. METHODS Rats orally received 180 mg/kg of capecitabine once a day for two weeks. Blood samples were collected nine times, and plasma concentration was measured on day 1, 7, and 14. The liver and small intestine were removed after blood sampling and were used in vitro to evaluate metabolic enzyme activities of carboxylesterase, cytidine deaminase, and thymidine phosphorylase. A physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model was developed using in vitro results. RESULTS Area under the plasma concentration-time curve from 0 h to infinity of 5-FU on day 7 and day 14 was significantly lower than that on day 1. Intrinsic clearance of thymidine phosphorylase in the liver on day 7 and day 14 was 1.4 and 1.3 times lower than that on day 1, respectively. The PBPK model described the observed plasma concentration of capecitabine and its metabolites. CONCLUSION The decreased plasma concentration of capecitabine was caused by decreased metabolic enzyme activity. Efficacy can be improved by dose adjustment of capecitabine based on metabolic enzyme activities, using the PBPK model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhei Sakai
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, 607-8414, Japan
| | - Shinji Kobuchi
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, 607-8414, Japan
| | - Yukako Ito
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, 607-8414, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Sakaeda
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, 607-8414, Japan.
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11
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Bicker J, Alves G, Falcão A, Fortuna A. Timing in drug absorption and disposition: The past, present, and future of chronopharmacokinetics. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 177:2215-2239. [PMID: 32056195 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2019] [Revised: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of drug dosing time in pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and toxicity is receiving increasing attention from the scientific community. In spite of mounting evidence that circadian oscillations affect drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME), there remain many unanswered questions in this field and, occasionally, conflicting experimental results. Such data arise not only from translational difficulties caused by interspecies differences but also from variability in study design and a lack of understanding of how the circadian clock affects physiological factors that strongly influence ADME, namely, the expression and activity of drug transporters. Hence, the main goal of this review is to provide an updated analysis of the role of the circadian rhythm in drug absorption, distribution across blood-tissue barriers, metabolism in hepatic and extra-hepatic tissues, and hepatobiliary and renal excretion. It is expected that the research suggestions proposed here will contribute to a tissue-targeted and time-targeted pharmacotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Bicker
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,CIBIT/ICNAS-Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Gilberto Alves
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Amílcar Falcão
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,CIBIT/ICNAS-Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Fortuna
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,CIBIT/ICNAS-Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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12
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Kuwahara A, Kobuchi S, Tamura T. Association between circadian and chemotherapeutic cycle effects on plasma concentration of 5-fluorouracil and the clinical outcome following definitive 5-fluorouracil/cisplatin-based chemoradiotherapy in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2019; 17:668-675. [PMID: 30655815 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) is believed to be a clinical option for improving clinical responses. Evaluating the potential factors contributing to plasma 5-FU concentration is important to develop TDM of 5-FU. Our aim was to evaluate the association of the circadian and treatment cycle effects on plasma 5-FU concentration with the clinical response. A post hoc population analysis was performed using the plasma concentration of 5-FU and clinical response data, including prognosis from 49 patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma after treatment with definitive 5-FU/cisplatin-based chemoradiotherapy, consisting of prolonged infusion of 5-FU at 400 mg/(m2·day) for 5 days. The circadian rhythm and treatment cycle were applied as covariates to the model equation. The plasma 5-FU concentration in the evening was 1.3-fold higher compared with the morning, and in the second cycle, it was 1.5-fold increased compared with the first cycle, with relatively small inter-individual variations (23.3 and 16.8%). Clinical efficacy depended on the plasma 5-FU concentration, excluding the covariate effects (P=0.025), which correlated with age and height but not body surface area. Circadian variation did not contribute to the clinical response, and the increase in 5-FU plasma concentration in the second cycle significantly correlated with leucocyte counts obtained before chemoradiotherapy. The higher plasma concentration of 5-FU in the early phase of treatment may be the key determinant of clinical efficacy, whereas the variations in the plasma concentration of 5-FU owing to the time of day and treatment cycle are small contributors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Kuwahara
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, Nishinomiya, Hyōgo 663-8179, Japan
| | - Shinji Kobuchi
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
| | - Takao Tamura
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kindai University Nara Hospital, Ikoma, Nara 630-0293, Japan
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13
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaoqin Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji hospital, Tongji medical college, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiping Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji hospital, Tongji medical college, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chengyang Feng
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji hospital, Tongji medical college, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kai Lei
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji hospital, Tongji medical college, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenxi He
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji hospital, Tongji medical college, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chengliang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji hospital, Tongji medical college, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dong Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji hospital, Tongji medical college, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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14
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Kobuchi S, Akutagawa M, Ito Y, Sakaeda T. Association between the pharmacokinetics of capecitabine and the plasma dihydrouracil to uracil ratio in rat: A surrogate biomarker for dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase activity. Biopharm Drug Dispos 2019; 40:44-48. [DOI: 10.1002/bdd.2168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Kobuchi
- Department of Pharmacokinetics; Kyoto Pharmaceutical University; Kyoto 607-8414 Japan
| | - Mako Akutagawa
- Department of Pharmacokinetics; Kyoto Pharmaceutical University; Kyoto 607-8414 Japan
| | - Yukako Ito
- Department of Pharmacokinetics; Kyoto Pharmaceutical University; Kyoto 607-8414 Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Sakaeda
- Department of Pharmacokinetics; Kyoto Pharmaceutical University; Kyoto 607-8414 Japan
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15
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Kobuchi S, Ito Y, Takamatsu D, Sakaeda T. Circadian variations in the pharmacokinetics of the oral anticancer agent tegafur-uracil (UFT) and its metabolites in rats. Eur J Pharm Sci 2018; 123:452-458. [PMID: 30077713 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2018.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Uracil-tegafur (UFT) is an oral anticancer drug containing uracil and 5‑fluorouracil prodrug tegafur and is widely used for adjuvant chemotherapy of colorectal cancer. Although clinical data show circadian variations in plasma 5‑fluorouracil concentrations during its long-term infusion, and feasibility studies of chronomodulated administration have been previously reported, the circadian pattern in plasma 5‑fluorouracil concentration after UFT administrations remains unclear. The aim of this study was to identify factors causing circadian variations in UFT pharmacokinetics and estimate circadian patterns of plasma 5‑fluorouracil concentration corresponding to UFT dosing time in rats. Rats were orally administered UFT (15 mg/kg as tegafur) at three different times of the day: 07:00 (23 h after light onset, HALO), 13:00 (5 HALO), or 19:00 (11 HALO), and then plasma concentrations of tegafur, 5‑fluorouracil, and uracil were measured after UFT administration. We found that the area under the plasma concentration-time curves (AUC0-∞) of 5‑fluorouracil depended on the UFT dosing time of day with a 2.4-fold difference between the peak (at 19:00: 13.7 ± 1.4 μmol·h/L) and trough (at 13:00: 5.6 ± 1.3 μmol·h/L). The simulated population mean clearance of 5‑fluorouracil followed a 24-h cosine circadian curve, with the highest value in the early light phase being 2.2-fold higher than the lowest value in the early dark phase, which was an inverse circadian pattern compared to the plasma 5‑fluorouracil concentration. The plasma tegafur levels suggested that circadian variation in tegafur absorption and conversion to 5‑fluorouracil are factors causing variations in plasma 5‑fluorouracil levels following UFT administration. In conclusion, the circadian pattern of 5‑fluorouracil clearance and circadian variations in tegafur pharmacokinetics are important determinants of plasma 5‑fluorouracil concentrations following UFT administration. This knowledge could help in developing a chronomodulated administration strategy of UFT for improving clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Kobuchi
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
| | - Yukako Ito
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
| | - Daiki Takamatsu
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Sakaeda
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan.
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16
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Ruben MD, Wu G, Smith DF, Schmidt RE, Francey LJ, Lee YY, Anafi RC, Hogenesch JB. A database of tissue-specific rhythmically expressed human genes has potential applications in circadian medicine. Sci Transl Med 2018; 10:10/458/eaat8806. [PMID: 30209245 PMCID: PMC8961342 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aat8806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The discovery that half of the mammalian protein-coding genome is regulated by the circadian clock has clear implications for medicine. Recent studies demonstrated that the circadian clock influences therapeutic outcomes in human heart disease and cancer. However, biological time is rarely given clinical consideration. A key barrier is the absence of information on tissue-specific molecular rhythms in the human body. We have applied the cyclic ordering by periodic structure (CYCLOPS) algorithm, designed to reconstruct sample temporal order in the absence of time-of-day information, to the gene expression collection of 13 tissues from 632 human donors. We identified rhythms in gene expression across the body; nearly half of protein-coding genes were shown to be cycling in at least 1 of the 13 tissues analyzed. One thousand of these cycling genes encode proteins that either transport or metabolize drugs or are themselves drug targets. These results provide a useful resource for studying the role of circadian rhythms in medicine and support the idea that biological time might play a role in determining drug response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc D. Ruben
- Divisions of Human Genetics and Immunobiology, Center for Chronobiology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 240 Albert, Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Gang Wu
- Divisions of Human Genetics and Immunobiology, Center for Chronobiology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 240 Albert, Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - David F. Smith
- Divisions of Pediatric Otolaryngology and Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 3333, Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Robert E. Schmidt
- Divisions of Human Genetics and Immunobiology, Center for Chronobiology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 240 Albert, Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Lauren J. Francey
- Divisions of Human Genetics and Immunobiology, Center for Chronobiology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 240 Albert, Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Yin Yeng Lee
- Divisions of Human Genetics and Immunobiology, Center for Chronobiology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 240 Albert, Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Ron C. Anafi
- Department of Medicine, Center for Sleep and Circadian, Neurobiology, Institute for Biomedical Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - John B. Hogenesch
- Divisions of Human Genetics and Immunobiology, Center for Chronobiology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 240 Albert, Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.,Corresponding author.
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