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Shu W, Kilroy S, Ní Annaidh A, O'Cearbhaill ED. Multiphysics modelling of the impact of skin deformation and strain on microneedle-based transdermal therapeutic delivery. Acta Biomater 2025; 194:233-245. [PMID: 39710220 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2024.12.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2024] [Revised: 12/06/2024] [Accepted: 12/19/2024] [Indexed: 12/24/2024]
Abstract
Microneedle patches (MNs) hold enormous potential to facilitate the minimally-invasive delivery of drugs and vaccines transdermally. However, the micro-mechanics of skin deformation significantly influence the permeation of therapeutics through the skin. Previous studies often fail to appreciate the complexities in microneedle-skin mechanical interactions. This may impede the accuracy of MNs pre-clinical assessments. Here, we develop a multiphysics finite element model which simulates the biomechanics of microneedle skin penetration and the subsequent permeation of therapeutics. Employing the aqueous pore path hypothesis, we consider how strain (induced through the insertion of a MN), affects pore geometry in the skin and therefore the diffusion of therapeutics. Our models show that considering the insertion-induced skin deformation alone reduces the transdermal permeation of insulin by 25 %, while considering the effect of strain can reduce the overall permeation by a further 45 % over 24 h. Our model also indicates that once the mechanical strain is removed i.e. through removal or dissolution of the array, the permeation through the skin will recover. Furthermore, our results indicate that the delivery of high molecular weight compounds may be most susceptible to strain-induced changes in drug permeation. These findings could have significant implications for the preferred type of microneedle administration when targeting, for example, intradermal or transdermal delivery. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: This manuscript presents an advanced computational model of microneedle insertion into human skin. Here, we adopt a multiphysics modelling strategy, where we predict the influence of microneedle insertion on skin deformation and strain and how that influences subsequent therapeutic permeation through the skin. Our model predicts that whether or not the microneedle remains in situ, the resultant change in tissue deformation and strain has a major impact on how quickly the therapeutic diffuses through the skin. This has important implications for transdermal device design, administration strategies and protocols and associated clinical studies, where either intradermal or transdermal therapeutic delivery is being targetted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Shu
- UCD Centre for Biomedical Engineering, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland; School of Mechanical & Materials Engineering, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Sean Kilroy
- UCD Centre for Biomedical Engineering, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland; School of Mechanical & Materials Engineering, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Aisling Ní Annaidh
- UCD Centre for Biomedical Engineering, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland; School of Mechanical & Materials Engineering, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland; UCD Charles Institute of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | - Eoin D O'Cearbhaill
- UCD Centre for Biomedical Engineering, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland; School of Mechanical & Materials Engineering, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland; UCD Charles Institute of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland; The Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
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Vora LK, Sabri AH, Naser Y, Himawan A, Hutton ARJ, Anjani QK, Volpe-Zanutto F, Mishra D, Li M, Rodgers AM, Paredes AJ, Larrañeta E, Thakur RRS, Donnelly RF. Long-acting microneedle formulations. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 201:115055. [PMID: 37597586 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.115055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
The minimally-invasive and painless nature of microneedle (MN) application has enabled the technology to obviate many issues with injectable drug delivery. MNs not only administer therapeutics directly into the dermal and ocular space, but they can also control the release profile of the active compound over a desired period. To enable prolonged delivery of payloads, various MN types have been proposed and evaluated, including dissolving MNs, polymeric MNs loaded or coated with nanoparticles, fast-separable MNs hollow MNs, and hydrogel MNs. These intricate yet intelligent delivery platforms provide an attractive approach to decrease side effects and administration frequency, thus offer the potential to increase patient compliance. In this review, MN formulations that are loaded with various therapeutics for long-acting delivery to address the clinical needs of a myriad of diseases are discussed. We also highlight the design aspects, such as polymer selection and MN geometry, in addition to computational and mathematical modeling of MNs that are necessary to help streamline and develop MNs with high translational value and clinical impact. Finally, up-scale manufacturing and regulatory hurdles along with potential avenues that require further research to bring MN technology to the market are carefully considered. It is hoped that this review will provide insight to formulators and clinicians that the judicious selection of materials in tandem with refined design may offer an elegant approach to achieve sustained delivery of payloads through the simple and painless application of a MN patch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lalitkumar K Vora
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Akmal H Sabri
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Yara Naser
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Achmad Himawan
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK; Department of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar 90245, Indonesia
| | - Aaron R J Hutton
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Qonita Kurnia Anjani
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Fabiana Volpe-Zanutto
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Deepakkumar Mishra
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Mingshan Li
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Aoife M Rodgers
- The Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University of Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Alejandro J Paredes
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Eneko Larrañeta
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | | | - Ryan F Donnelly
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK.
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Yadav PR, Das DB, Pattanayek SK. Coupled Diffusion-Binding-Deformation Modelling for Phase-Transition Microneedles-Based Drug Delivery. J Pharm Sci 2023; 112:1108-1118. [PMID: 36528111 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2022.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Phase-transition microneedles (PTMNs)-based transdermal drug delivery (TDD) is gaining popularity due to its non-invasiveness and ability to deliver a wide range of drugs. PTMNs absorb interstitial skin fluid (ISF) and transport drugs from microneedle (MNs) domain to the skin without polymer dissolution. To establish PTMNs for practical use, one needs to understand and optimise the key parameters governing drug transport mechanisms to achieve controlled drug delivery. In addressing this point, we have developed a coupled diffusion-binding-deformation model to understand the effect of physicochemical parameters (e.g., swelling capacity, drug binding) of MN and skin mechanical properties on overall drug transport behaviour. The contact mechanics at the MN and skin interface is introduced to account for the resistive force exerted by the deformed skin to MN swelling. The model is validated with the reported data of in vitro insulin delivery using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) MN. The drug binding parameters are estimated from the fitting of the cumulative release of insulin within 6 hours of MN insertion. To predict the in vivo data of insulin delivery using the PVA MN, one-compartment model of drug pharmacokinetics is incorporated. It is shown in the paper that the model is able to predict the final insulin concentration in blood and in good agreement with the reported experimental data. The proposed model is concluded to be a tool for the predictive design and development of PTMNs-based TDD systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prateek Ranjan Yadav
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi 110016, India
| | - Diganta Bhusan Das
- Chemical Engineering Department, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, Leicestershire, United Kingdom
| | - Sudip K Pattanayek
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi 110016, India.
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Hassan J, Haigh C, Ahmed T, Uddin MJ, Das DB. Potential of Microneedle Systems for COVID-19 Vaccination: Current Trends and Challenges. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:1066. [PMID: 35631652 PMCID: PMC9144974 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14051066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
To prevent the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and aid restoration to prepandemic normality, global mass vaccination is urgently needed. Inducing herd immunity through mass vaccination has proven to be a highly effective strategy for preventing the spread of many infectious diseases, which protects the most vulnerable population groups that are unable to develop immunity, such as people with immunodeficiencies or weakened immune systems due to underlying medical or debilitating conditions. In achieving global outreach, the maintenance of the vaccine potency, transportation, and needle waste generation become major issues. Moreover, needle phobia and vaccine hesitancy act as hurdles to successful mass vaccination. The use of dissolvable microneedles for COVID-19 vaccination could act as a major paradigm shift in attaining the desired goal to vaccinate billions in the shortest time possible. In addressing these points, we discuss the potential of the use of dissolvable microneedles for COVID-19 vaccination based on the current literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin Hassan
- Drug Delivery & Therapeutics Lab, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh; (J.H.); (T.A.)
| | - Charlotte Haigh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University, Epinal Way, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UK;
| | - Tanvir Ahmed
- Drug Delivery & Therapeutics Lab, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh; (J.H.); (T.A.)
| | - Md Jasim Uddin
- Drug Delivery & Therapeutics Lab, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh; (J.H.); (T.A.)
- Faculty of Engineering and Science, University of Greenwich, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, UK
- Department of Pharmacy, Brac University, 66 Mohakhali, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Diganta B. Das
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University, Epinal Way, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UK;
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Don TM, Chen M, Lee IC, Huang YC. Preparation and characterization of fast dissolving ulvan microneedles for transdermal drug delivery system. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 207:90-99. [PMID: 35218808 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.02.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Dissolving microneedles made from natural polymers recently have gained much attention as an efficient transdermal drug delivery system (TDDS). For the first time, ulvan, a sulfated polysaccharide extracted from Ulva lactuca, was applied to fabricate dissolving microneedles through a two-step casting method. The ulvan microneedles (UMNs) made from 4% ulvan solution were in a pyramidal shape with an average height of 655 μm and an aspect ratio of 2.63. The in vitro skin insertion study showed the UMNs could totally penetrate into the porcine skin to the dermis layer and rapidly dissolved as the needle height was reduced by 90.3% after post-insertion of only 2 min. The rapid dissolution of UMNs in situ thus could release the loaded model drugs of rhodamine 6G (R6G) and bovine serum albumin-fluorescein isothiocyanate conjugate (FITC-BSA) in the skin tissue. The in vitro drug release profiles through porcine skin revealed the UMNs markedly enhanced the cumulative release of FITC-BSA. In addition, the UMNs had good biocompatibility towards normal cells of HaCaT and NIH3T3. Briefly, this study demonstrates the rapidly dissolving UMNs could effectively carry the drug into skin and thus can be developed as a potential TDDS in the pharmaceutical and cosmeceutical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trong-Ming Don
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Tamkang University, No. 151 Yingzhuan Rd., Tamsui Dist., New Taipei City 251301, Taiwan
| | - Michelle Chen
- Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, No.2, Beining Rd., Zhongzheng Dist., Keelung City 20224, Taiwan
| | - I-Chi Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, No.101, Sec. 2, Guangfu Rd., Hsinchu City 30013, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Cheng Huang
- Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, No.2, Beining Rd., Zhongzheng Dist., Keelung City 20224, Taiwan.
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Yadav PR, Munni MN, Campbell L, Mostofa G, Dobson L, Shittu M, Pattanayek SK, Uddin MJ, Das DB. Translation of Polymeric Microneedles for Treatment of Human Diseases: Recent Trends, Progress, and Challenges. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1132. [PMID: 34452093 PMCID: PMC8401662 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13081132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The ongoing search for biodegradable and biocompatible microneedles (MNs) that are strong enough to penetrate skin barriers, easy to prepare, and can be translated for clinical use continues. As such, this review paper is focused upon discussing the key points (e.g., choice polymeric MNs) for the translation of MNs from laboratory to clinical practice. The review reveals that polymers are most appropriately used for dissolvable and swellable MNs due to their wide range of tunable properties and that natural polymers are an ideal material choice as they structurally mimic native cellular environments. It has also been concluded that natural and synthetic polymer combinations are useful as polymers usually lack mechanical strength, stability, or other desired properties for the fabrication and insertion of MNs. This review evaluates fabrication methods and materials choice, disease and health conditions, clinical challenges, and the future of MNs in public healthcare services, focusing on literature from the last decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prateek Ranjan Yadav
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UK; (P.R.Y.); (L.C.); (L.D.); (M.S.)
- Chemical Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi 110016, India;
| | | | - Lauryn Campbell
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UK; (P.R.Y.); (L.C.); (L.D.); (M.S.)
| | - Golam Mostofa
- Drug Delivery & Therapeutics Lab, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh; (M.N.M.); (G.M.)
| | - Lewis Dobson
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UK; (P.R.Y.); (L.C.); (L.D.); (M.S.)
| | - Morayo Shittu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UK; (P.R.Y.); (L.C.); (L.D.); (M.S.)
| | | | - Md. Jasim Uddin
- Drug Delivery & Therapeutics Lab, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh; (M.N.M.); (G.M.)
- Department of Pharmacy, Brac University, 66 Mohakhali, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Diganta Bhusan Das
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UK; (P.R.Y.); (L.C.); (L.D.); (M.S.)
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Defraeye T, Bahrami F, Rossi RM. Inverse Mechanistic Modeling of Transdermal Drug Delivery for Fast Identification of Optimal Model Parameters. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:641111. [PMID: 33995047 PMCID: PMC8117338 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.641111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Transdermal drug delivery systems are a key technology to administer drugs with a high first-pass effect in a non-invasive and controlled way. Physics-based modeling and simulation are on their way to become a cornerstone in the engineering of these healthcare devices since it provides a unique complementarity to experimental data and additional insights. Simulations enable to virtually probe the drug transport inside the skin at each point in time and space. However, the tedious experimental or numerical determination of material properties currently forms a bottleneck in the modeling workflow. We show that multiparameter inverse modeling to determine the drug diffusion and partition coefficients is a fast and reliable alternative. We demonstrate this strategy for transdermal delivery of fentanyl. We found that inverse modeling reduced the normalized root mean square deviation of the measured drug uptake flux from 26 to 9%, when compared to the experimental measurement of all skin properties. We found that this improved agreement with experiments was only possible if the diffusion in the reservoir holding the drug was smaller than the experimentally measured diffusion coefficients suggested. For indirect inverse modeling, which systematically explores the entire parametric space, 30,000 simulations were required. By relying on direct inverse modeling, we reduced the number of simulations to be performed to only 300, so a factor 100 difference. The modeling approach's added value is that it can be calibrated once in-silico for all model parameters simultaneously by solely relying on a single measurement of the drug uptake flux evolution over time. We showed that this calibrated model could accurately be used to simulate transdermal patches with other drug doses. We showed that inverse modeling is a fast way to build up an accurate mechanistic model for drug delivery. This strategy opens the door to clinically ready therapy that is tailored to patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thijs Defraeye
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Laboratory for Biomimetic Membranes and Textiles, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Flora Bahrami
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Laboratory for Biomimetic Membranes and Textiles, St. Gallen, Switzerland.,University of Bern, ARTORG Center for Biomedical Engineering Research, Bern, Switzerland
| | - René M Rossi
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Laboratory for Biomimetic Membranes and Textiles, St. Gallen, Switzerland
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Ali R, Mehta P, Kyriaki Monou P, Arshad MS, Panteris E, Rasekh M, Singh N, Qutachi O, Wilson P, Tzetzis D, Chang MW, Fatouros DG, Ahmad Z. Electrospinning/electrospraying coatings for metal microneedles: A design of experiments (DOE) and quality by design (QbD) approach. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2020; 156:20-39. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2020.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Calcutt JJ, Roberts MS, Anissimov YG. Modeling drug transport within the viable skin - a review. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2020; 17:105-119. [PMID: 33017199 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2020.1832081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In the past, mathematical modeling of the transport of transdermal drugs has been primarily focused on the stratum corneum. However, the development of pharmaceutical technologies, such as chemical enhancers, iontophoresis, and microneedles, has led to two outcomes; an increase in permeability in the stratum corneum or the ability to negate the layer entirely. As a result, these outcomes have made the transport of a solute in the viable skin far more critical when studying transdermal drug delivery. AREAS COVERED The review will explicitly show the various attempts to model drug transport within the viable skin. Furthermore, a brief review will be conducted on the different models that explain stratum corneum transport, microneedle dynamics and estimation of the diffusion coefficient. EXPERT OPINION Future development of mathematical models requires the focus to be changed from traditional diffusion-based tissue models to more sophisticated three-dimensional models that incorporate the physiology of the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua J Calcutt
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University , Gold Coast, Australia
| | - Michael S Roberts
- Therapeutics Research Centre, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute , Brisbane, Australia.,School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Medical Research, the Queen Elizabeth Hospital , Adelaide, Australia
| | - Yuri G Anissimov
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University , Gold Coast, Australia.,Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University , Moscow, Russia
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Recent advances on microneedle arrays-mediated technology in cancer diagnosis and therapy. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2020; 11:788-816. [PMID: 32740799 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-020-00819-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Regarding the increasing prevalence of cancer throughout the globe, the development of novel alternatives for conventional therapies is inevitable to circumvent limitations such as low efficacy, complications, and high cost. Recently, microneedle arrays (MNs) have been introduced as a novel, minimally invasive, and low-cost approach. MNs can delivery both small molecule and macromolecular drugs or even nanoparticles (NPs) to the tumor tissue in a safe and controlled manner. Relying on the recent promising outcomes of MNs in transdermal delivery of anticancer agents, this review is aimed to summarize constituent materials, fabrication methods, advantages, and limitations of different types of MNs used in cancer therapy applications. This review paper also presents the potential use of MNs in transdermal delivery of NPs for effective chemotherapy, gene therapy, immunotherapy, photodynamic, and photothermal therapy. Additionally, MNs are currently explored as routine point-of-care health monitoring devices for transdermal detection of cancer biomarkers or physiologically relevant analytes which will be addressed in this paper. Despite the promising potential of MNs for cancer therapy and diagnosis, several limitations have impeded their therapeutic efficacy and real-time applicability that are addressed in this paper.
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Yadav PR, Han T, Olatunji O, Pattanayek SK, Das DB. Mathematical Modelling, Simulation and Optimisation of Microneedles for Transdermal Drug Delivery: Trends and Progress. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E693. [PMID: 32707878 PMCID: PMC7464833 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12080693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last two decades, microneedles (MNs) have received significant interest due to their potential for painless transdermal drug delivery (TDD) and minimal skin damage. MNs have found applications in a range of research and development areas in drug delivery. They have been prepared using a variety of materials and fabrication techniques resulting in MN arrays with different dimensions, shapes, and geometries for delivery of a variety of drug molecules. These parameters play crucial roles in determining the drug release profiles from the MNs. Developing mathematical modelling, simulation, and optimisation techniques is vital to achieving the desired MN performances. These will then be helpful for pharmaceutical and biotechnological industries as well as professionals working in the field of regulatory affairs focusing on MN based TDD systems. This is because modelling has a great potential to reduce the financial and time cost of both the MNs' studies and manufacturing. For example, a number of robust mathematical models for predicting the performance of the MNs in vivo have emerged recently which incorporate the roles of the structural and mechanical properties of the skin. In addressing these points, this review paper aims to highlight the current status of the MN modelling research, in particular, the modelling, simulation and optimisation of the systems for drug delivery. The theoretical basis for the simulation of MN enhanced diffusion is discussed within this paper. Thus, this review paper provides a better understanding of the modelling of the MN mediated drug delivery process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prateek Ranjan Yadav
- Chemical Engineering Department, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, Leicestershire, UK
- Chemical Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi 110016, India
| | - Tao Han
- Chemical Engineering Department, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, Leicestershire, UK
| | - Ololade Olatunji
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Lagos, Lagos 100213, Nigeria
| | - Sudip K Pattanayek
- Chemical Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi 110016, India
| | - Diganta Bhusan Das
- Chemical Engineering Department, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, Leicestershire, UK
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Ronnander P, Simon L, Koch A. Experimental and mathematical study of the transdermal delivery of sumatriptan succinate from polyvinylpyrrolidone-based microneedles. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2020; 146:32-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2019.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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