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Song B, Wang Q, Ding Z, Lu X. Endoscopic Lateral and Superior Cerebellar Keyhole Approach to the Anterior and Middle Incisural Space and Meckel Cave: An Anatomic Study. World Neurosurg 2023; 178:e156-e164. [PMID: 37442539 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2023.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We sought to assess the feasibility of endoscopic lateral and superior cerebellar keyhole approach for exposure of the anterior and middle incisural space and Meckel cave. METHODS The endoscopic lateral and superior cerebellar keyhole approach was performed in 6 cadaveric heads (12 sides) using 0- and 30-degree endoscopes, respectively. The anatomic structures for this approach to the anterior and middle incisural space and Meckel cave were observed. RESULTS By grinding out the suprameatal tubercle and petrous apex and incising the tentorium, the anatomic structures in the anterior incisural space were visualized. The mean area exposed with a 0-degree endoscope in the anterior incisural space was 212.50 ± 6.04 mm2, significantly less than that exposed with a 30-degree endoscope (233.83 ± 8.72 mm2) (P < 0.05). The anatomic distance of the Meckel cave in the depth was the same between a 0-degree endoscope and a 30-degree endoscope; however, the distance in the width was 9.48 and 12.32 mm, respectively (P < 0.01). The area of petrous window grinded by a 30-degree endoscope was only increased by 5.83 mm2, compared with a 0-degree endoscope (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS This approach provides access to the anterior and middle incisural space and Meckel cave, which is feasible to clearly expose the anatomic structures in those regions with minimal invasiveness. Additionally, better visualization and surgical space can be achieved under a 30-degree endoscope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingwei Song
- Wuxi Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Qing Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wuxi No. 2 People's Hospital, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhemin Ding
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiaojie Lu
- Wuxi Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China; Department of Neurosurgery, Wuxi No. 2 People's Hospital, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China.
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Yüncü ME, Karadag A, Polat S, Camlar M, Bilgin B, Quiñones-Hinojosa A, Middlebrooks EH, Özer F, Tanriover N. Comparison of the Retrosigmoid Suprameatal and Anterior Subtemporal Transpetrosal Approaches After Full Exposure of the Internal Acoustic Meatus. Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown) 2023; 25:e126-e134. [PMID: 37255294 DOI: 10.1227/ons.0000000000000752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Surgical approaches to the ventral brainstem and petroclival regions are complex, and standard retrosigmoid and subtemporal approaches are often inadequate. Retrosigmoid suprameatal tubercle (RSMTA) and anterior subtemporal transpetrosal (ASTA) approaches may provide extended surgical exposure with less brain retraction. The objective of this study was to evaluate advantages and disadvantages of RSMTA vs ASTA, and illustrate the surgical corridors and 3-dimensional microsurgical anatomy of the related structures. METHODS Four silicone-injected adult cadaver heads (8 sides) were dissected to evaluate the accessibility of lesions located at the petrous apex, ventral brainstem, and pontomedullary region using ASTA and RSTMA. RESULTS Both ASTA and RSMTA provide access from the petrous apex to the ventral lower pons and pontomedullary junction. A greater extent of safely resected bone was found in ASTA vs RSMTA. ASTA provides a larger surgical view to the ventrolateral midpons, peritrigeminal region, superior neurovascular complex, pontomesencephalic junction, and posterior cavernous sinus. Meanwhile, through cranial nerve V mobilization, RSMTA provides a larger surgical view to the lower half part of the pons, ventrolateral part of the pontomedullary junction, and middle and lower neurovascular structures. CONCLUSION The choice of surgical approach is determined by considering the area where the lesion originates, lesion size, the anatomic structures to which it extends, and evaluation of the area that can be surgically exposed. Our study highlights the differences between these approaches and important surgical anatomic considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Eren Yüncü
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tepecik Research and Training Hospital, Health Science University, Izmir, Turkey
- Microsurgical Neuroanatomy Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ali Karadag
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tepecik Research and Training Hospital, Health Science University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Sarper Polat
- Microsurgical Neuroanatomy Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mahmut Camlar
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tepecik Research and Training Hospital, Health Science University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Berra Bilgin
- Microsurgical Neuroanatomy Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tokat State Hospital, Tokat, Turkey
| | | | - Erik H Middlebrooks
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Fusun Özer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tepecik Research and Training Hospital, Health Science University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Necmettin Tanriover
- Microsurgical Neuroanatomy Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Neurosurgery, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
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Westphal M, Saladino A, Tatagiba M. Skull Base Meningiomas. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1416:47-68. [PMID: 37432619 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-29750-2_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Skull base meningiomas are among the most challenging meningiomas to treat clinically due to their deep location, involvement or encasement of adjacent essential neurovascular structures (such as key arteries, cranial nerves, veins, and venous sinuses), and their often-large size prior to diagnosis. Although multimodal treatment strategies continue to evolve with advances in stereotactic and fractionated radiotherapy, surgical resection remains the mainstay of treatment for these tumors. Resection of these tumors however is challenging from a technical standpoint, and requires expertise in several skull-base surgical approaches that rely on adequate bony removal, minimization of brain retraction, and respect for nearby neurovascular structures. These skull base meningiomas originate from a variety of different structures including, but are not limited to: the clinoid processes, tuberculum sellae, dorsum sellae, sphenoid wing, petrous/petroclival area, falcotentorial region, cerebellopontine angle, and foramen magnum. In this chapter, we will cover the common anatomical areas in the skull base from which these tumors arise, and the specific or optimal surgical approaches and other treatment modalities for meningiomas in these such locations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manfred Westphal
- Department of Neurological Surgery, UK Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Andrea Saladino
- Department of Neurological Surgery, IRCCS Fondazione Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Marcos Tatagiba
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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Balcerzak A, Tubbs RS, Zielinska N, Olewnik Ł. Clinical analysis of cavernous sinus anatomy, pathologies, diagnostics, surgical management and complications - comprehensive review. Ann Anat 2022; 245:152004. [PMID: 36183938 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2022.152004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
For decades, the cavernous sinus (CS) has been the subject of debates and scientific studies aimed at elucidating its anatomical variability, and at choosing the best method for accessing it so that optimal diagnoses and related surgical treatments can be decided. The present review considers a series of issues related to the CS. The anatomy of the CS and its features is explored first, and the most important structures, spaces and morphological variations are considered. This is followed by CS pathology and selected diagnostic methods that have proved useful in therapy, and then the management of these pathologies is discussed. Examples of therapeutic steps that have proved helpful in specific cases are taken from the literature. Finally, the various surgical accesses and complications that can be encountered during invasive interventions in the CS area are discussed. The aim of this study is to summarize up-to-date anatomical and clinical knowledge about the CS, citing the most informative scientific papers and aggregating their results. Morphological variations of the CS are common but have not been well described in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Balcerzak
- Department of Anatomical Dissection and Donation, Medical University of Lodz, Poland
| | - R Shane Tubbs
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA; Department of Neurosurgery and Ochsner Neuroscience Institute, Ochsner Health System, New Orleans, LA, USA; Department of Anatomical Sciences, St. George's University, Grenada; Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA; Department of Surgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA; University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Nicol Zielinska
- Department of Anatomical Dissection and Donation, Medical University of Lodz, Poland
| | - Łukasz Olewnik
- Department of Anatomical Dissection and Donation, Medical University of Lodz, Poland.
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Xu Y, Hendricks BK, Nunez MA, Mohyeldin A, Fernandez-Miranda JC, Cohen-Gadol AA. Microsurgical Anatomy of the Endoscopy-Assisted Retrosigmoid Intradural Suprameatal Approach to the Meckel's Cave. Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown) 2021; 21:41-47. [PMID: 33930162 DOI: 10.1093/ons/opab096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding the microsurgical anatomical features of the endoscopy-assisted retrosigmoid intradural suprameatal approach (RISA) is critical for surgeons treating petroclival tumors or lesions in the cerebellopontine region that extend into Meckel's cave. OBJECTIVE To evaluate increased exposure for Meckel's cave in the RISA and assess the surgical landmarks for this approach. METHODS A standard retrosigmoid craniotomy to the cerebellopontine region was performed in 4 cadaveric specimens (8 hemispheres) with microscope-assisted endoscopy. The length and depth of the drilling region from the suprameatal tubercle to the petrous apex were analyzed. After opening Meckel's cave and mobilizing the trigeminal root completely, the landmarks for this approach were investigated. RESULTS The endoscopy-assisted RISA facilitates mobilization of the trigeminal root and enhances surgical exposure in the region of Meckel's cave and the petrous apex with increases of 10.1 ± 1.3 mm in depth, 21.4 ± 3.2 mm in length, and 6.4 ± 0.6 mm in height. The posterior and superior semicircular canals, internal auditory canal, superior petrous sinus, and internal carotid artery (petrous segment) served as important landmarks for this approach. One case illustration is presented to describe the application of this approach. CONCLUSION The RISA is suitable mainly for lesions in the posterior fossa that extend into Meckel's cave. The endoscopy-assisted reach optimizes accessibility to the petrous apex region, obviates the need for extensive drilling, and decreases the risk of internal carotid artery injury. Better realization and recognition of microsurgical landmarks and parameters of this approach are crucial for successful outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanzhi Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford Hospital, Stanford, California, USA
| | | | | | - Ahmed Mohyeldin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford Hospital, Stanford, California, USA
| | | | - Aaron A Cohen-Gadol
- The Neurosurgical Atlas, Carmel, Indiana, USA.,Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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Rennert RC, Brandel MG, Stephens ML, Rodriguez A, Morris TW, Day JD. Surgical Relevance of the Suprameatal Tubercle During Superior Petrosal Vein-Sparing Trigeminal Nerve Microvascular Decompression. Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown) 2021; 20:E410-E416. [PMID: 33647963 DOI: 10.1093/ons/opab046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND An enlarged suprameatal tubercle (SMT) can obscure visualization of the trigeminal nerve and require removal during microvascular decompression (MVD) surgery, especially when the superior petrosal vein (SPV) complex is preserved. OBJECTIVE To define the incidence and important variables affecting the need for SMT removal with an SPV-sparing trigeminal nerve MVD. METHODS Retrospective single-institution review identified patients who underwent a first-time, SPV-sparing MVD for trigeminal neuralgia (TGN) over a 26-mo period. SMT length (SMT-L), SMT width (SMT-W), and peri-trigeminal cerebellopontine cisternal thickness (CT) were measured from axial high-resolution magnetic resonance images. Need for SMT removal and use of endoscopic assistance was recorded. Data were analyzed using unpaired t-tests, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC)/area under the curve testing. RESULTS A total of 43 MVD surgeries for TGN on 42 patients (mean age 52.7 ± 14.4 yr) were analyzed. Mean SMT-L, SMT-W, and CT were 9.8 ± 1.6, 2.0 ± 0.8, and 4.2 ± 1.5 mm, respectively. SMT removal via drilling was required in 4/43 cases (9.3%). Endoscopic assistance was used in 3 cases (2 SMT removed and 1 SMT preserved). SMT-W was the biggest predictor of the need for SMT removal on ROC analysis (area under the curve 0.97, 0.92-1.0 95% CI). The combined thresholds of SMT-W ≥ 3.2 mm and CT ≤ 3.5 mm demonstrated 100% sensitive and 100% specificity for the need to remove the SMT on optimal cutoff analysis. CONCLUSION SMT drilling is necessary in nearly 10% of SPV-sparing MVDs for TGN. The combination of SMT width and cerebellopontine cistern thickness is predictive of the need for SMT removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert C Rennert
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Michael G Brandel
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Marcus L Stephens
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Arkansas, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Analiz Rodriguez
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Arkansas, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Thomas W Morris
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Arkansas, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - J D Day
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Arkansas, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
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Suero Molina E, Revuelta Barbero JM, Ewelt C, Stummer W, Carrau RL, Prevedello DM. Access to Meckel's cave for biopsies of indeterminate lesions: a systematic review. Neurosurg Rev 2021; 44:249-259. [PMID: 32040778 PMCID: PMC7850998 DOI: 10.1007/s10143-020-01247-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Accessing Meckel's cave (MC) is surgically challenging. Open approaches are complex and often correlated with high morbidity. Endoscopic approaches emerged in the last decade as feasible alternatives to open approaches, especially for sampling indeterminate lesions. This article first analyses available routes to approach Meckel's cave and presents furthermore an illustrative case. We conducted a systematic review and reported according to the guidelines for preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA). Various surgical approaches identified through the search are evaluated and discussed in detail. Additionally, we report on a case of woman with a lesion in MC, which was accessed through an endoscopic transpterygoid approach subsequently diagnosed as a diffuse large B cell lymphoma. Our search delivered 75 articles that included case reports (n = 21), cadaveric studies (n = 32), clinical articles (n = 16), review of the literatures (n = 3), as well as technical notes (n = 2) and a radiological manuscript (n = 1). Open routes included lateral approaches with many variations, mainly intra- and extradural pterional approaches and anterior petrosal, as well as a retrosigmoid intradural suprameatal and a lateral transorbital approach. Endoscopically, MC was reached via approaches that included transpterygoid, transorbital or infraorbital fissure routes. Percutaneous approaches, e.g. through the foramen ovale, were also described. Multiple surgical approaches to MC are currently available. Their different characteristics as well as individual patient factors, such as clinical history and the localization of the disease, have to be considered when choosing a surgical corridor. Studies included in this review highlight the endonasal endoscopic transpterygoidal technique as an excellent corridor for biopsies in the ventral MC.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Suero Molina
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, A1, 48149, Munster, Germany.
| | - J M Revuelta Barbero
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Surgery, The Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - C Ewelt
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, A1, 48149, Munster, Germany
| | - W Stummer
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, A1, 48149, Munster, Germany
| | - R L Carrau
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Surgery, The Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - D M Prevedello
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Surgery, The Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
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Electrophysiological predictors of hearing deterioration based on AEP monitoring during petroclival meningioma resection. Neurosurg Rev 2020; 44:1601-1609. [PMID: 32671694 DOI: 10.1007/s10143-020-01350-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to calculate the risk of postsurgical hearing deterioration as a function of changes in the amplitude and latency of the most stable components (waves III and V) of the auditory evoked potential (AEP) during petroclival meningioma resection surgery. We retrospectively analyzed intraoperative AEP monitoring results and pre- and postsurgical hearing status in 40 consecutive patients who were surgically treated for petroclival meningiomas. Statistical analyses were conducted to identify the most sensitive and specific way to predict hearing dysfunction after surgery. Patients' mean age was 59 ± 10 years, and 31 (77.5%) were women. Twelve (30%) patients presented with clinically detectable hearing impairment preoperatively. At the first postoperative assessment, four of those 12 patients reported subjective improvement, and eight reported hearing deterioration. Of those eight, four remained stable and four recovered hearing by the last assessment. Wave III latency reached its highest specificity (100%) and sensitivity (71.43%) at x = 143%. Wave V latency, on the other hand, reached its highest sensitivity (71%) and specificity (93%) at x = 124%. Finally, wave V amplitude reached its highest sensitivity (100%) and specificity (79%) at x = 74%. Intraoperative alterations of wave III latency and wave V amplitude seem to be highly sensitive and specific at predicting the risk of auditory dysfunction in patients undergoing petroclival meningioma resection and should be used to determine maximum resection with preservation of function.
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Inoue T, Goto Y, Prasetya M, Fukushima T. Resection of the suprameatal tubercle in microvascular decompression for trigeminal neuralgia. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2020; 162:1089-1094. [PMID: 31993750 DOI: 10.1007/s00701-020-04242-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The suprameatal tubercle (SMT) may obscure the neurovascular compression (NVC) in microvascular decompression (MVD) for trigeminal neuralgia (TGN). The aim of this study is to address the necessity of resecting SMT in MVD for TGN. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed radiological findings of 461 MVDs in patients with TGN, focusing on the relation between SMT and the NVC site. Three-dimensional (3D) images were used for preoperative evaluation. The NVC sites were obscured by SMT in 48 patients (10.4%) via the retrosigmoid approach. This study was conducted to review the management of SMT among these patients. Resection of SMT was performed in 8 patients (resected group) for direct visualization of the NVC site. On the other hand, nerve decompression was achieved without resecting SMT for the rest of the 40 patients (non-resected group). Biographical data, radiological findings, intraoperative findings, and surgical outcomes were retrospectively evaluated. RESULTS The mean height of SMT obscuring NVC was 5.0 mm (2.8-13.9 mm) above the petrous surface. The NVC was located at a mean of 1.9 mm (0-5.9 mm) from the porous trigeminus. The most common offending vessel was the superior cerebellar artery (SCA, 56.3%), followed by the transverse pontine vein (TPV, 29.2%). In the resected group, the transposing culprit vessels were feasibly performed after direct visualization of the NVC site, whereas in the non-resected group, the SCA was successfully transposed using curved instruments after thorough dissection around the nerve. TPV having contact with the nerve was coagulated and divided. Immediate pain relief was obtained in all patients except one who experienced delayed pain relief 1 month after surgery. Facial numbness at discharge was noted in 9 patients (18.8%); thereafter, numbness diminished over time. Numbness at the final visit was observed in 5 patients (10.4%) at mean of 49 months after MVD. Recurrent pain occurred in 4 patients (8.3%) in total. Statistical analysis showed no significant differences in surgical outcomes between both groups. CONCLUSIONS Direct visualization of the NVC site by resecting the SMT does not affect surgical outcomes in the immediate and long term. Resecting the SMT is not always necessary to accomplish nerve decompression in most cases by use of suitable instruments and techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuro Inoue
- Department of Neurosurgery, Subarukai Koto Kinen Hospital, 2-1 Hiramatsu-cho, Higashiomi-shi, Shiga, 527-0134, Japan.
| | - Yukihiro Goto
- Department of Neurosurgery, Saiseikai Shiga Hospital, Ritto, Shiga, Japan
| | - Mustaqim Prasetya
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Brain Center Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Takanori Fukushima
- Division of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
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Abstract
The lesions involving cavernous sinus (CS) and lateral sellar region includes tumors, vascular lesions, infection, inflammation, and trauma. Tumors associated with CS cause significant distortion of the microanatomy posing an additional surgical challenge to the neurosurgeons. The surgical approach and microsurgical anatomy with respect to the origin and growth of the tumor within the CS region have not been comprehensively described in recent years. We conducted a review of literature concerning CS and associated tumors, complied through MEDLINE/OVID and using cross-references of articles on PubMed with the keywords cavernous sinus, CS tumors, pituitary adenoma, meningioma, schwannoma, chordoma, CS hemangiomas, extradural, interdural, intradural, skull base, gamma knife radiosurgery, endoscopic endonasal approach. Based on the tumor origin and growth pattern, the tumors associated with CS can be classified into three categories: Type-I: tumor originating from CS, Type-II: originating from lateral wall of CS, and Type-III: extraneous origin and occupying CS. The review focuses on approach to a tumor within each type of tumor in the CS region. The emphasis is that the tumor growth pattern and significant distortion of the CS anatomy caused by the tumor growth should be considered while planning the optimal surgical approach for tumors in this region to ensure complete tumor resection with minimal neurovascular morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silky Chotai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Songtao Qi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Matsushima K, Komune N, Matsuo S, Kohno M. Microsurgical and Endoscopic Anatomy for Intradural Temporal Bone Drilling and Applications of the Electromagnetic Navigation System: Various Extensions of the Retrosigmoid Approach. World Neurosurg 2017; 103:620-630. [DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2017.04.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Colasanti R, Tailor ARA, Zhang J, Ammirati M. Expanding the Horizon of the Suboccipital Retrosigmoid Approach to the Middle Incisural Space by Cutting the Tentorium Cerebelli: Anatomic Study and Illustration of 2 Cases. World Neurosurg 2016; 92:303-312. [DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2016.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Revised: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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13
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Colasanti R, Tailor ARA, Zhang J, Ammirati M. Functional Petrosectomy Via a Suboccipital Retrosigmoid Approach: Guidelines and Topography. World Neurosurg 2016; 87:143-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2015.11.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2015] [Revised: 11/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Tatagiba M, Rigante L, Mesquita Filho P, Ebner FH, Roser F. Endoscopic-Assisted Posterior Intradural Petrous Apicectomy in Petroclival Meningiomas: A Clinical Series and Assessment of Perioperative Morbidity. World Neurosurg 2015. [PMID: 26210709 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2015.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the clinical feasibility and outcome of the endoscopic-assisted posterior intradural petrous apicectomy approach (PIPA) for petroclival meningiomas extending into the supratentorial space. METHODS From 2005-2013, 29 patients with a petroclival meningioma underwent tumor removal through a PIPA approach. The approach consists of a retrosigmoid approach, intradural anterior resection of the petrous apex and microsurgical removal of the tumor, followed by endoscopic-assisted visualization and removal of tumor parts in the middle fossa or anterior to the brainstem. RESULTS Patients consisted of 7 men and 22 women; the mean age of patients was 52.7 years. In 24 patients, surgery was performed with the patient in a semisitting position; in 5 patients, surgery was performed with the patient in a supine position. A total resection was achieved in 19 patients (66%). A Karnofsky performance scale score >60% was recorded in 27 patients (93%), with surgical complications that involved a cerebrospinal fluid leak in 3 patients, bleeding in the surgical cavity in 2 patients, and pneumocephalus in 1 patient. The most frequent postoperative neurologic deficit was facial palsy (34%), which disappeared or improved consistently in all but 1 patient, who required a cranial nerve VII-cranial nerve XII anastomosis. CONCLUSIONS For petroclival meningiomas extending into the middle fossa, the endoscopic-assisted PIPA approach is safe and straightforward. The principal advantages of the PIPA approach are familiarity with the retrosigmoid route; the absence of temporal lobe retraction; and early control of the cranial nerves, vessels, and brainstem. However, careful patient selection regarding tumor extension is fundamental to obtaining optimal outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Tatagiba
- Department of Neurosurgery, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Tubingen, Germany
| | - Luigi Rigante
- Department of Neurosurgery, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Tubingen, Germany
| | - Paulo Mesquita Filho
- Department of Neurosurgery, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Tubingen, Germany
| | - Florian H Ebner
- Department of Neurosurgery, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Tubingen, Germany
| | - Florian Roser
- Department of Neurosurgery, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Tubingen, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
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15
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Samii M, Alimohamadi M, Gerganov V. Endoscope-Assisted Retrosigmoid Intradural Suprameatal Approach for Surgical Treatment of Trigeminal Schwannomas. Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown) 2014; 10 Suppl 4:565-75; discussion 575. [DOI: 10.1227/neu.0000000000000478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractBACKGROUND:Trigeminal schwannomas are the most common intracranial nonvestibular schwannomas, and the dumbbell-shaped subtype is the most challenging.OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the efficiency and safety of the endoscope-assisted retrosigmoid intradural suprameatal approach (EA-RISA) for dumbbell trigeminal schwannomas and to compare EA-RISA with classic RISA.METHODS:A retrospective study of all patients with trigeminal schwannomas was performed with a focus on dumbbell tumors. Tumors were classified according to a modified Samii classification. Extent of tumor removal, outcome, and morbidity rates in the 2 subgroups were compared.RESULTS:Twenty patients were enrolled: 8 had dumbbell-shaped tumors (type C1), 8 had middle fossa tumors (A1-3), 3 had extracranial extension (D2), and 1 had posterior fossa tumor. Gross total resection was achieved in 15 and near-total resection in 5 patients. In 4 patients with dumbbell tumors, the classic RISA (Samii approach) was used; EA-RISA was used in the other 4 patients. The extent of petrous apex drilling was determined individually on the basis of the anatomic variability of suprameatal tubercle and degree of tumor-induced petrous apex erosion; in 2 patients, only minimal drilling was needed. The endoscope was applied after microsurgical tumor removal and in 3 of 4 patients revealed a significant unrecognized tumor remnant in the anterolateral and superolateral aspects of the Meckel cave. Thus, the EA-RISA technique allowed gross total resection of the tumor.CONCLUSION:The EA-RISA enlarges the exposure obtained with the classic RISA. Its judicious use can help achieve safe and radical removal of dumbbell-shaped trigeminal schwannomas (C1 type).
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Affiliation(s)
- Madjid Samii
- International Neuroscience Institute, Hannover, Germany
| | - Maysam Alimohamadi
- International Neuroscience Institute, Hannover, Germany
- Iranian International Neuroscience Institute, Brain and Spinal Injury Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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16
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Selection of surgical approaches based on semi-quantifying the skull-base invasion by petroclival meningiomas: a review of 66 cases. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2014; 156:1085-97. [PMID: 24752725 DOI: 10.1007/s00701-014-2084-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Petroclival meningiomas are still challenging for neurosurgeons. In the present study, we reviewed 66 petroclival meningiomas that underwent craniotomy to assess the surgical approaches for petroclival meningiomas based on semi-quantifying tumor extension to skull base and to evaluate the outcomes. METHODS According to invasion characteristics, skull base related to petroclival meningiomas was semi-quantitatively divided into five regions: upper, middle, and lower petroclival regions (region A, B, and C, respectively), cerebellopontine angle region (region D), and parasellar and cavernous sinus region (region E). Appropriate surgical approaches were adopted for petroclival meningiomas with varying degrees of invasion, including the subtemporal (11/66), retrosigmoid (15/66), presigmoid (32/66), combined retrosigmoid and far-lateral (2/66), supra-infratentorial (4/66), and extended middle cranial fossa (2/66) approaches. RESULTS The results showed that involvement of region A, B, and C was in 64, 50, and eight patients, respectively. Invasion to region D and E occurred in 13 and 39 cases, respectively. The ratio of single region involvement was only 7.6 %, whereas most petroclival meningiomas tended to invade more regions (39.4 % for two, 37.9 % for three, 12.1 % for four, and 3.0 % for five regions, respectively). Gross total resection was achieved in 29 cases (43.9 %), near total resection in 27 cases (40.9 %), and subtotal resection in ten cases (15.2 %). After a mean follow-up period of 32.21 months, obvious cranial nerve deficits existed in seven patients, and recurrence occurred in eight patients. CONCLUSIONS We introduced a simple and practicable method for classification of petroclival meningiomas, which could semi-quantify tumor invasion and help to select surgical approaches. With careful preoperative evaluation, a cautiously selected approach would improve the prognosis.
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Yamahata H, Tokimura H, Hirahara K, Ishii T, Mori M, Hanaya R, Arita K. Lateral suboccipital retrosigmoid approach with tentorial incision for petroclival meningiomas: technical note. J Neurol Surg B Skull Base 2014; 75:221-4. [PMID: 25093143 DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1373656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2011] [Accepted: 03/28/2012] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The resection of petroclival meningiomas presents great neurosurgical challenges. Although multiple surgical approaches have been developed, the retrosigmoid route tends to be used to address tumors that are predominantly located in the posterior fossa. Our modification of the lateral suboccipital retrosigmoid approach with the placement of a tentorial incision yields good visualization of the supratentorial part of the tumor around the midbrain. Methods We treated four patients, one with primary and three with recurrent petroclival meningioma, by our modified approach. After lateral suboccipital craniotomy, the infratentorial part of the tumor was removed after detaching it from the tentorial surface. The cerebellar tentorium was then carefully incised from the supracerebellar angle, taking care not to damage the superior cerebellar artery and trochlear nerve. Results The operative field surrounding the midbrain was widened by this procedure, and safe dissection of the tumor from the brainstem and other neurovascular structures was performed with direct observation of the interface. Conclusions Our approach is a useful modification of the retrosigmoid approach to petroclival meningiomas. It facilitates the safe resection of the supratentorial part of the tumor in the ambient cistern behind the tentorium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Yamahata
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tokimura
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Kazuho Hirahara
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kagoshima City Hospital, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Takeshi Ishii
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kagoshima City Hospital, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Masanao Mori
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Hanaya
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Kazunori Arita
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
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Ambekar S, Amene C, Sonig A, Guthikonda B, Nanda A. Quantitative comparison of retrosigmoid intradural suprameatal approach and retrosigmoid transtentorial approach: implications for tumors in the petroclival region. J Neurol Surg B Skull Base 2013; 74:300-4. [PMID: 24436928 DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1348025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2012] [Accepted: 04/22/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Retrosigmoid transtentorial (RTT) and retrosigmoid intradural suprameatal (RISA) approaches have been used in the treatment of petroclival tumors. Objective To compare the area of exposure of brainstem and petroclival region obtained through RTT and RISA in cadaveric specimens. Methods Five cadaveric specimens with a total of 10 sides were analyzed. RTT and RISA were performed on five sides each. Brainstem and petroclival surface exposure were measured using both the approaches. These values were compared between the two approaches. Results Brainstem area exposure with RTT was 441 ± 63 mm(2) and that with RISA was 311 ± 61 mm(2). Student's t-test revealed that the difference was significant (p = 0.01). The area of petroclival exposure medial to the Meckel cave through RTT was 696 ± 57 mm(2), and that through RISA was 716 ± 51 mm(2) (p = 0.69). The area of brainstem exposure between V and VII-VII complex through RTT and RISA was 387 ± 86 mm(2) and 378 ± 76 mm(2) (p = 0.87). Conclusion The RTT approach is an excellent approach to ventrolateral brainstem and petroclival region. It provides greater superoventral exposure of the ventrolateral brainstem than RISA and provides similar petroclival exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudheer Ambekar
- Department of Neurosurgery, LSUHSC-S, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
| | - Chiazo Amene
- Department of Neurosurgery, LSUHSC-Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
| | - Ashish Sonig
- Department of Neurosurgery, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
| | | | - Anil Nanda
- Department of Neurosurgery, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
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Herlan S, Hirt B, Tatagiba M, Ebner FH. Focus on the Lateral Incisural Space: Where is the Trochlear Nerve? J Neurol Surg B Skull Base 2013; 74:271-3. [PMID: 24436923 DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1347899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2013] [Accepted: 03/28/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To define the entrance point of the trochlear nerve in the free edge of the tentorium, giving a topographical description in relation to supratentorial and infratentorial reference points. Method The study was performed on seven formaldehyde-fixed specimens (14 sides). The distance from supratentorial and infratentorial reference points to the entrance point of the trochlear nerve into the free tentorial edge was measured. Results The cisternal segment of the trochlear nerve, the tentorial entry point, and the reference points could be clearly identified in all specimens. The assessed distances measured from the tentorial entry point of the trochlear nerve to the anterior clinoid process was 14 to 28 mm, to the posterior clinoid process was 9 to 19 mm, to the posterior lip of the inner auditory canal was 25 to 29 mm, to the posterior border of the Meckel cave was 9 to 14 mm, and to the oculomotor triangle was 5 to 16 mm. Conclusions The cisternal length of the trochlear nerve shows a marked variability and may be further distorted by tumors, whereas the entry point into the tentorium is a stable landmark. Therefore, it might be an important reference point for identifying the nerve before cutting the tentorium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Herlan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Eberhard-Karls-University, Tübingen, Germany ; Department of Clinical Anatomy, Eberhard-Karls-University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Bernhard Hirt
- Department of Clinical Anatomy, Eberhard-Karls-University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Marcos Tatagiba
- Department of Neurosurgery, Eberhard-Karls-University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Florian H Ebner
- Department of Neurosurgery, Eberhard-Karls-University, Tübingen, Germany
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Ebner FH, Koerbel A, Roser F, Hirt B, Tatagiba M. Microsurgical and endoscopic anatomy of the retrosigmoid intradural suprameatal approach to lesions extending from the posterior fossa to the central skull base. Skull Base 2011; 19:319-23. [PMID: 20190941 DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1220199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
This article evaluates the accessibility of the posterior part of the central skull base via the extended retrosigmoid intradural suprameatal approach. In formaldehyde-fixed specimens, the retrosigmoid intradural suprameatal approach was performed, and the feasibility of reaching central skull base structures was analyzed. Microscopic and endoscopic techniques were used. The main outcome measures were digital films and screenshots, which were analyzed regarding quantitative and qualitative aspects of visual structures. By drilling off the suprameatal tubercle and part of the petrous apex, Meckel's cave may be opened, the trigeminal nerve mobilized, and the tentorium divided. Thus the parasellar area may be exposed and the posterosuperior space of the cavernous sinus approached. Using an endoscope-assisted technique and following cisternal anatomy, the sellar and parasellar region may be explored even if the working space is narrow. The retrosigmoid intradural suprameatal approach provides optimal accessibility to medially located central skull base structures, in particular to the posterior part of the cavernous sinus. Use of the endoscope may remarkably optimize the accessibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian H Ebner
- Department of Neurosurgery, Eberhard-Karls-University, Tuebingen, Germany
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Watanabe T, Katayama Y, Fukushima T, Kawamata T. Lateral supracerebellar transtentorial approach for petroclival meningiomas: operative technique and outcome. J Neurosurg 2011; 115:49-54. [DOI: 10.3171/2011.2.jns101759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Object
The retrosigmoid intradural suprameatal approach with the patient in a semisitting position is an effective alternative to transpetrosal approaches for the treatment of petroclival meningiomas. The authors have made a simple modification to the retrosigmoid intradural suprameatal approach by using the lateral oblique position and preferentially dividing the tentorium with limited drilling of the suprameatal bone, which is termed the “lateral supracerebellar transtentorial approach.”
Methods
Twenty-six patients with petroclival meningiomas surgically treated via the lateral supracerebellar transtentorial approach were analyzed. All tumors had most of their bulk in the posterior fossa with some degree of extension into the middle fossa and/or Meckel cave. The patient is placed in the lateral oblique position, and a standard retrosigmoid craniotomy is performed. The tentorium medial to the trigeminal nerve is incised toward the free edge, which improves exposure to the petroclival region without extensive resection of the suprameatal petrous bone.
Results
Gross-total resection was achieved in 11 patients (42%). Ten patients (38%) underwent subtotal resection, and 5 patients (19%) underwent partial resection. There was no incidence of operative death, and the postoperative permanent morbidity rate was 15%. All patients except one did well postoperatively and were independent at the time of their last follow-up examinations.
Conclusions
The lateral supracerebellar transtentorial approach provides the simplest and safest access to the petroclival region. It offers an advantageous approach to petroclival meningiomas exclusively located in the posterior fossa with minimal extension into the Meckel cave and middle fossa.
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Chung JC, Chung SY, Kim SM, Park MS. Surgery for a case of three-compartment trigeminal schwannoma : technical aspects. J Korean Neurosurg Soc 2010; 48:383-7. [PMID: 21113372 DOI: 10.3340/jkns.2010.48.4.383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2010] [Revised: 08/03/2010] [Accepted: 09/27/2010] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Complete removal of three-compartment trigeminal schwannomas is a challenge to neurosurgeons. To expand exposure of each compartment, the combination and modification of skull base approaches are necessary. The 61-year-old woman was admitted with chronic headache. Preoperative magnetic resonance imaging showed 47×50×40 mm-sized tumor originating primarily in the middle cranial fossa extended to the posterior and the infratemporal fossa. We performed operation in five stage; 1. Zygomatic osteotomy, 2. Inferior temporal fossa plate removal and foramen ovale opening, 3. Cavernous sinus opening, 4. Tailored anterior petrosectomy, 5. Meckel's cave opening. Combination of skull base surgery should be concerned according to the patient. In this study, extradural basal extension with zygomatic osteotomy, interdural posterior extension with tailored anterior petrosectomy, and intracavernous exploration are reasonable options for remodeling three-compartment lesion into a single compartment. Tailoring of bone resection and exploring through natural pathway between meningeal layers accomplish single-stage operation for complete removal of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Chul Chung
- Department of Neurosurgery, Eulji University Hospital, Daejeon, Korea
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