Frailty assessment can predict textbook outcomes in senior adults after minimally invasive colorectal cancer surgery

Textbook oncologic outcomes in colorectal cancer surgery: a systematic review

Introduction

The concept of "textbook outcome" has been updated to encompass the principles of surgical oncology and the related outcomes [textbook oncologic outcome (TOO)]. This systematic review aims to synthesize the numerous definitions of TOO in the context of colorectal surgery. The goal is to promote the development of a definition that has universal recognition and worldwide acceptability, hence improving surgical quality standards and patient outcomes.

Methods

A systematic literature review was conducted using PRISMA guidelines. The databases PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus were searched for studies that addressed TOO in colorectal cancer surgeries. The database search was conducted on 30 April 2024, and the primary study's quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale.

Results

A total of 13 studies were included. Common TOO parameters included radical resection, lymph node (LN) yield ≥12, no Clavien-Dindo grade ≥III complications, length of stay (75th percentile), no 30-day readmissions, and no 30-day mortality. Factors influencing TOO achievement included surgical risk, gender, tumor stage, and socioeconomic factors. Patients achieving TOO showed better long-term survival. Variability in TOO definitions highlighted the need for standardization.

Conclusion

TOO is an effective indicator for evaluating the quality of colorectal cancer surgery. It provides a comprehensive evaluation of surgical outcomes, which helps in guiding patient decisions and measuring hospital performance. By standardizing the parameters of TOO, the consistency and quality of care across different institutions can be improved. We propose a unified definition of TOO for colorectal cancer surgery: radical resection, LN yield ≥12, no Clavien-Dindo grade ≥III complications, length of stay (75th percentile), no 30-day readmissions, and no 30-day mortality.

Effect of neoadjuvant therapy on textbook outcomes in minimally invasive rectal cancer surgery

AIM

Textbook outcome (TO), a combined quality indicator, encompasses key postoperative indicators such as the absence of complications, R0 resection, and no prolonged length of day. It has been suggested to be of additional value over single outcome parameters in short-term outcomes of surgical treatment. The main objective of this research was to assess the relationship between TO and neoadjuvant therapy (NT), thereby providing insights into NT's role in surgical quality.

METHOD

Patients who underwent minimally invasive rectal surgery were enrolled between January 2019 and June 2024. TO was defined as achieving R0 resection, at least 12 lymph nodes harvested, no adverse outcomes (Clavien-Dindo score ≥ 3, readmission, or mortality within 30 days), and length of stay within the ≤ 75th percentile for the treatment year. The relationship between TO and NT was analyzed using regression analyses. Subgroup analysis and hierarchical regression were conducted to investigate potential influencing factors and interactions.

RESULTS

405 patients were enrolled, with 204 achieving TO. NT was associated with a reduction in TO (OR: 0.37, 95% CI: 0.21 ~ 0.65, p < 0.001), while robotic surgery (OR: 2.88, 95% CI: 1.62 ~ 5.11), total laparoscopic surgery (OR: 2.79, 95% CI: 1.71 ~ 4.56), enhanced recovery after surgery (OR: 1.62, 95% CI: 1.02 ~ 2.59), and stoma (OR: 1.87, 95% CI: 1.18 ~ 2.96) were associated with an increased rate of TO. The impact of NT on TO varied depending on surgery duration; prolonged surgical time exacerbated the negative effect of NT on TO. This observation was consistent with a significant interaction effect.

CONCLUSION

NT is associated with a lower TO rate, especially in patients with prolonged surgical time. Robotic surgery, total laparoscopic surgery, enhanced recovery after surgery, and stoma can improve achieve TO.

"Textbook outcome(s)" in colorectal surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND

Textbook outcome (TO) is a composite measure used in surgery to evaluate post operative outcomes. No review has synthesised the evidence in relation to TO regarding the elements surgeons are utilising to inform their TO composite measure and the rates of TO achieved.

METHODS

Our systematic review and meta analysis was conducted in line with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) recommendations. PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane central registry of controlled trials were searched up to 8th November 2023. Pooled proportions of TO, clinical factors considered and risk factors in relation to TO are reported.

RESULTS

Fifteen studies with 301,502 patients were included in our systematic review while fourteen studies comprising of 247,843 patients were included in our meta-analysis. Pooled rates of TO achieved were 55% with a 95% confidence interval (95% CI) of 54-55%. When stratified by elective versus mixed case load, rates were 56% (95% CI 49-62) and 54% (95% CI 50-58), respectively. Studies reported differing definitions of TO. Reported predictors of achieving TO include age, left sided surgery and elective nature.

CONCLUSIONS

TO is achieved, on average in 55% of reported cases and it may predict short and long term post operative patient outcomes. This study did not detect a difference in rates between elective versus mixed case load TO proportions. There is no standardised definition in use of TO. Standardisation of the composite is likely required to enable meaning comparison using TO in the future and a Delphi consensus is warranted.

Functional Outcomes after Abdominal Surgery in Older Adults - How concerned are we about this?

Amidst trends of a rapidly ageing population with better surgical outcomes for geriatric patients, it is imperative to consider outcome measures beyond mortality and morbidity rates. In fact, the preservation of one's postoperative function has been cited as a key priority for older adults and is a crucial determinant of postoperative independence and survival. This review aims to examine the prevalence of perioperative function reporting amongst older surgical patients undergoing elective major abdominal surgery for cancer. We systematically reviewed studies from inception to December 2023 for studies which focused on the outcomes of older surgical patients undergoing elective major abdominal surgery for cancer. Relevant citations were screened (title, abstract and full article review) based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. 103 studies were included, of which only 31 studies consisting of 20885 participants reported perioperative function. While the nominal number of studies which report perioperative function has been on a steady rise since 2018, the proportion of studies which do so remains low. Postoperative function is three times less likely to be reported than preoperative function, suggesting that functional recovery is not sufficiently assessed. This suggests that there is still a poor uptake of functional recovery as an outcome measure amongst surgeons, and any increase in perioperative function reporting is likely due to the increased administration of frailty assessments. These findings should urge greater efforts in quantifying and enabling functional recovery to improve the clinical outcomes and quality of care for older surgical patients.