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Fullerton J, Hierro-Rodriguez A, Donnelly C, Sanz-Hernández D, Skoric L, MacLaren DA, Fernández-Pacheco A. Controlled evolution of three-dimensional magnetic states in strongly coupled cylindrical nanowire pairs. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 34:125301. [PMID: 36595337 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aca9d6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Cylindrical magnetic nanowires are promising systems for the development of three-dimensional spintronic devices. Here, we simulate the evolution of magnetic states during fabrication of strongly-coupled cylindrical nanowires with varying degrees of overlap. By varying the separation between wires, the relative strength of exchange and magnetostatic coupling can be tuned. Hence, we observe the formation of six fundamental states as a function of both inter-wire separation and wire height. In particular, two complex three-dimensional magnetic states, a 3D Landau Pattern and a Helical domain wall, are observed to emerge for intermediate overlap. These two emergent states show complex spin configurations, including a modulated domain wall with both Néel and Bloch character. The competition of magnetic interactions and the parallel growth scheme we follow (growing both wires at the same time) favours the formation of these anti-parallel metastable states. This works shows how the engineering of strongly coupled 3D nanostructures with competing interactions can be used to create complex spin textures.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Fullerton
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | | | - C Donnelly
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, Dresden, Germany
| | - D Sanz-Hernández
- Unité Mixte de Physique, CNRS, Thales, Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, France
| | - L Skoric
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - D A MacLaren
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - A Fernández-Pacheco
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón, CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
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Affiliation(s)
- Falk Muench
- Department of Materials and Earth Sciences Technical University of Darmstadt Alarich-Weiss-Straße 2 64287 Darmstadt Germany
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4
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BalaRamesh P, Venkatesh P, Thinesh Kumar R, Jayalakshmi S. Influence of triazole stabilizers on the surface morphology of environmentally benign electroless nano copper deposition. SURFACE ENGINEERING AND APPLIED ELECTROCHEMISTRY 2017. [DOI: 10.3103/s1068375517060023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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5
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Chen Y, Xu C, Zhou Y, Maaz K, Yao H, Mo D, Lyu S, Duan J, Liu J. Temperature- and Angle-Dependent Magnetic Properties of Ni Nanotube Arrays Fabricated by Electrodeposition in Polycarbonate Templates. NANOMATERIALS 2016; 6:nano6120231. [PMID: 28335359 PMCID: PMC5302721 DOI: 10.3390/nano6120231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Revised: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Parallel arrays of Ni nanotubes with an external diameter of 150 nm, a wall thickness of 15 nm, and a length of 1.2 ± 0.3 µm were successfully fabricated in ion-track etched polycarbonate (PC) templates by electrochemical deposition. The morphology and crystal structure of the nanotubes were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Structural analyses indicate that Ni nanotubes have a polycrystalline structure with no preferred orientation. Angle dependent hysteresis studies at room temperature carried out by using a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) demonstrate a transition of magnetization between the two different magnetization reversal modes: curling rotation for small angles and coherent rotation for large angles. Furthermore, temperature dependent magnetic analyses performed with a superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) magnetometer indicate that magnetization of the nanotubes follows modified Bloch's law in the range 60-300 K, while the deviation of the experimental curve from this law below 60 K can be attributed to the finite size effects in the nanotubes. Finally, it was found that coercivity measured at different temperatures follows Kneller's law within the premises of Stoner-Wohlfarth model for ferromagnetic nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghui Chen
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Chen Xu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Yibo Zhou
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Khan Maaz
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China.
- Nanomaterials Research Group, Physics Division, PINSTECH, Nilore, Islamabad 45650, Pakistan.
| | - Huijun Yao
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Dan Mo
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Shuangbao Lyu
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Jinglai Duan
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Jie Liu
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China.
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6
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Li XZ, Wu KL, Ye Y, Wei XW. Controllable synthesis of Ni nanotube arrays and their structure-dependent catalytic activity toward dye degradation. CrystEngComm 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ce00225c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ni nanotube (nanorod) arrays are controllably fabricated by a one-step approach, the GDDATG and DDCG growth mechanisms are introduced. The Ni nanostructures present higher catalytic activities for dye degradation, the relationship between structures and catalytic properties is also studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Zi Li
- Department of Chemistry
- Wannan Medical College
- 241002 Wuhu, China
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids
| | - Kong-Lin Wu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids
- The Ministry of Education
- Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials
- Anhui Normal University
| | - Yin Ye
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids
- The Ministry of Education
- Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials
- Anhui Normal University
| | - Xian-Wen Wei
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids
- The Ministry of Education
- Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials
- Anhui Normal University
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Plana D, Dryfe RA. Galvanic and bipolar cells as probes of electroless deposition: The Cu–dimethylamine borane system. Electrochem commun 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2013.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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8
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Li XZ, Wu KL, Ye Y, Wei XW. Gas-assisted growth of boron-doped nickel nanotube arrays: rapid synthesis, growth mechanisms, tunable magnetic properties, and super-efficient reduction of 4-nitrophenol. NANOSCALE 2013; 5:3648-3653. [PMID: 23546439 DOI: 10.1039/c3nr00411b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Highly ordered noncrystalline boron-doped nickel nanotube arrays are rapidly synthesized within 150 s by template-based electroless deposition. The as-prepared nanotubes have tunable magnetic properties and exhibit super efficient catalytic activity (∼70 s) for the reduction of 4-nitrophenol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Zi Li
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Normal University, 241000 Wuhu, China
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Shi D, Chen J, Riaz S, Zhou W, Han X. Controlled nanostructuring of multiphase core-shell nanowires by a template-assisted electrodeposition approach. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2012; 23:305601. [PMID: 22751156 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/23/30/305601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Multiphase core-shell nanowires have been fabricated by controlling the ion transport processes of the microfluids in the nanochannels of the template. Both forced convection and pulsed potential induced migration can be applied to tune the morphologies of the nanostructures obtained by manipulating the ion transport during electrodeposition. The morphology and content of the core-shell structure were studied by field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) analysis, transmission electron microscope (TEM) analysis and energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS), respectively. The magnetic properties were analyzed by vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) analysis. A magnetically hard core and soft shell constitutes the multiphase composite nanostructure. The unique magnetic hysteresis curve indicates the decoupled magnetic reversal processes of the two components. Our work provides deeper insights into the formation mechanisms of a new core-shell nanostructure, which may have potential applications in novel spintronics devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Shi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
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Mafakheri E, Salimi A, Hallaj R, Ramazani A, Kashi MA. Synthesis of Iridium Oxide Nanotubes by Electrodeposition into Polycarbonate Template: Fabrication of Chromium(III) and Arsenic(III) Electrochemical Sensor. ELECTROANAL 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201100332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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11
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Huang Z, Liu L, Geyer N. Quasi-radial growth of metal tube on si nanowires template. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2011; 6:165. [PMID: 21711672 PMCID: PMC3211217 DOI: 10.1186/1556-276x-6-165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2010] [Accepted: 02/23/2011] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
It is reported in this article that Si nanowires can be employed as a positive template for the controllable electrochemical deposition of noble metal tube. The deposited tube exhibits good crystallinity. Scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope characterizations are conducted to reveal the growth process of metal tube, showing that the metal tube grows quasi-radially on the wall of Si nanowire. The quasi-radial growth of metal enables the fabrication of thickness-defined metal tube via changing deposition time. Inner-diameter-defined metal tube is achieved by choosing Si nanowires with desired diameter as a template. Metal tubes with inner diameters ranging from 1 μm to sub-50 nm are fabricated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Huang
- Functional Molecular Materials Centre, Scientific Research Academy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, P. R. China
| | - Lifeng Liu
- Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Weinberg 2, D-06120 Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Nadine Geyer
- Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Weinberg 2, D-06120 Halle/Saale, Germany
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12
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Liu J, Wang F, Zhai J, Ji J. Controllable growth and magnetic characterization of electrodeposited nanocrystalline Ni–P alloy nanotube and nanowire arrays inside AAO template. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2010.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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13
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Gu D, Baumgart H, Abdel-Fattah TM, Namkoong G. Synthesis of nested coaxial multiple-walled nanotubes by atomic layer deposition. ACS NANO 2010; 4:753-758. [PMID: 20085347 DOI: 10.1021/nn901250w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Nested multiple-walled coaxial nanotube structures of transition metal oxides, semiconductors, and metals were successfully synthesized by atomic layer deposition (ALD) techniques utilizing nanoporous anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) as templates. In order to fabricate free-standing tube-in-tube nanostructures, successive ALD nanotubes were grown on the interior template walls of the AAO nanochannels. The coaxial nanotubes were alternated by sacrificial spacers of ALD Al(2)O(3), to be chemically removed to release the nanotubes from the AAO template. In this study, we synthesized a novel nanostructure with up to five nested coaxial nanotubes within AAO templates. This synthesis can be extended to fabricate n-times tube-in-tube nanostructures of different materials with applications in multisensors, broadband detectors, nanocapacitors, and photovoltaic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diefeng Gu
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA
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14
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Chia KK, Rubner MF, Cohen RE. pH-responsive reversibly swellable nanotube arrays. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2009; 25:14044-14052. [PMID: 19588941 DOI: 10.1021/la9015959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a technique for synthesizing substrate-bound arrays of submicrometer-sized reversibly swellable tubes by using porous templates. The sacrificial template approach allows straightforward control over the tube length, diameter, and lateral arrangement of the resultant surface-bound nanotubes. We also explored methods for varying the tube opening structure by altering the pore shape at the surface of the template. A specific PEM system composed of poly(allylamine hydrochloride) and poly(acrylic acid) was chosen as the building block for the nanotube arrays because of its ability to undergo pH-triggered swelling-deswelling transitions. The activation of this transition results in dramatic changes in the length and diameter of the nanotubes as characterized in situ via confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). The pH-driven reversible swelling-deswelling and nanoporosity behavior observed with planar films and nanotubes of this PEM system is a direct consequence of the breaking and reforming of ionic cross-links.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khek-Khiang Chia
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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15
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Zhou J, He J, Wang T, Chen X. A hybrid approach of template synthesis and electroless depositing for Ni-W-P nanoparticles. J Solid State Electrochem 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-008-0677-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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