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Ratiometric Electrochemical Biosensing of Methyltransferase Activity. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12111362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, a novel ratiometric electrochemical readout platform was proposed and developed for the fast and flexible analysis of M.SssI methyltransferase (MTase) activity. In this platform, two hairpin DNAs (H1 and H2) were designed. H1 contains the palindromic sequence of 5′-CCGG-3′ in its stem which could be methylated and hybridize with H2 labeled by methylene blue (MB) as one of the signal reporters on a gold electrode (GE) in the presence of M.SssI MTase. Additionally, a specific immunoreaction was introduced by conjugating an anti-5-methylcytosine antibody, a DNA CpG methylation recognition unit, with 1,3-ferrocenedicarboxylic acid (Fc) as the second signal reporter. The results showed that when the Fc tag approaches, the MB tag was far from the gold electrode surface, resulting in a decrease in the oxidation peak current of MB (IMB) and an increase in the oxidation peak current of Fc (IFc). The ratiometric electrochemical method above shows the linear range of detection was 0 U/mL 40 U/mL with a detection limit of 0.083 U/mL (the mean signal of blank measures þ3s).
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Shundrin LA, Os’kina IA, Irtegova IG, Poveshchenko AF. 9H-Thioxanthen-9-one S,S-dioxide based redox active labels for electrochemical detection of DNA duplexes immobilized on Au electrodes. MENDELEEV COMMUNICATIONS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mencom.2020.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Wei B, Zhang J, Ou X, Lou X, Xia F, Vallée-Bélisle A. Engineering Biosensors with Dual Programmable Dynamic Ranges. Anal Chem 2018; 90:1506-1510. [PMID: 29300471 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b04852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Although extensively used in all fields of chemistry, molecular recognition still suffers from a significant limitation: host-guest binding displays a fixed, hyperbolic dose-response curve, which limits its usefulness in many applications. Here we take advantage of the high programmability of DNA chemistry and propose a universal strategy to engineer biorecognition-based sensors with dual programmable dynamic ranges. Using DNA aptamers as our model recognition element and electrochemistry as our readout signal, we first designed a dual signaling "signal-on" and "signal-off" adenosine triphosphate (ATP) sensor composed of a ferrocene-labeled ATP aptamer in complex to a complementary, electrode-bound, methylene-blue labeled DNA. Using this simple "dimeric" sensor, we show that we can easily (1) tune the dynamic range of this dual-signaling sensor through base mutations on the electrode-bound DNA, (2) extend the dynamic range of this sensor by 2 orders of magnitude by using a combination of electrode-bound strands with varying affinity for the aptamers, (3) create an ultrasensitive dual signaling sensor by employing a sequestration strategy in which a nonsignaling, high affinity "depletant" DNA aptamer is added to the sensor surface, and (4) engineer a sensor that simultaneously provides extended and ultrasensitive readouts. These strategies, applicable to a wide range of biosensors and chemical systems, should broaden the application of molecular recognition in various fields of chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benmei Wei
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Juntao Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Xiaowen Ou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoding Lou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Fan Xia
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Alexis Vallée-Bélisle
- Laboratory Biosensors & Nanomachines, Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal , Montréal, Québec H3T 1J4, Canada
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Dauphin-Ducharme P, Plaxco KW. Maximizing the Signal Gain of Electrochemical-DNA Sensors. Anal Chem 2016; 88:11654-11662. [PMID: 27805364 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b03227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical DNA (E-DNA) sensors have emerged as a promising class of biosensors capable of detecting a wide range of molecular analytes (nucleic acids, proteins, small molecules, inorganic ions) without the need for exogenous reagents or wash steps. In these sensors, a binding-induced conformational change in an electrode-bound "probe" (a target-binding nucleic acid or nucleic-acid-peptide chimera) alters the location of an attached redox reporter, leading to a change in electron transfer that is typically monitored using square-wave voltammetry. Because signaling in this class of sensors relies on binding-induced changes in electron transfer rate, the signal gain of such sensors (change in signal upon the addition of saturating target) is dependent on the frequency of the square-wave potential pulse used to interrogate them, with the optimal square-wave frequency depending on the structure of the probe, the nature of the redox reporter, and other features of the sensor. Here, we show that, because it alters the driving force of the redox reaction and thus electron transfer kinetics, signal gain in this class of sensors is also strongly dependent on the amplitude of the square-wave potential pulse. Specifically, we show here that the simultaneous optimization of square-wave frequency and amplitude produces large (often more than 2-fold) increases in the signal gain of a wide range of E-DNA-type sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Dauphin-Ducharme
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and ‡Center for Bioengineering, University of California Santa Barbara , Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Kevin W Plaxco
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and ‡Center for Bioengineering, University of California Santa Barbara , Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
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Hinman SS, Cheng Q. Bioinspired Assemblies and Plasmonic Interfaces for Electrochemical Biosensing. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2016; 781:136-146. [PMID: 28163664 PMCID: PMC5283611 DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2016.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical biosensing represents a collection of techniques that may be utilized for capture and detection of biomolecules in both simple and complex media. While the instrumentation and technological aspects play important roles in detection capabilities, the interfacial design aspects are of equal importance, and often, those inspired by nature produce the best results. This review highlights recent material designs, recognition schemes, and method developments as they relate to targeted electrochemical analysis for biological systems. This includes the design of electrodes functionalized with peptides, proteins, nucleic acids, and lipid membranes, along with nanoparticle mediated signal amplification mechanisms. The topic of hyphenated surface plasmon resonance assays is also discussed, as this technique may be performed concurrently with complementary and/or confirmatory measurements. Together, smart materials and experimental designs will continue to pave the way for complete biomolecular analyses of complex and technically challenging systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel S. Hinman
- Environmental Toxicology, University of California – Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Quan Cheng
- Environmental Toxicology, University of California – Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of California – Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
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Xiong E, Wu L, Zhou J, Yu P, Zhang X, Chen J. A ratiometric electrochemical biosensor for sensitive detection of Hg 2+ based on thymine–Hg 2+ –thymine structure. Anal Chim Acta 2015; 853:242-248. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2014.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Revised: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 10/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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7
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Highly sensitive detection of DNA using an electrochemical DNA sensor with thionine-capped DNA/gold nanoparticle conjugates as signal tags. Electrochem commun 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2013.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Wu L, Zhang X, Liu W, Xiong E, Chen J. Sensitive electrochemical aptasensor by coupling "signal-on'' and "signal-off'' strategies. Anal Chem 2013; 85:8397-402. [PMID: 23998713 DOI: 10.1021/ac401810t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A simple electrochemical aptasensor for sensitive and selective determination of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) has been developed on the basis of a new dual-signaling amplification strategy. This aptasensor features both ''signal-on'' and ''signal-off'' elements. The ferrocene (Fc)-labeled aptamer probe (Fc-P) is designed to hybridize with the thiolated methylene blue (MB)-modified DNA probe (MB-P) on gold electrode to form rigid duplex DNA. In the presence of ATP, the interaction between ATP and the aptamer leads to the dissociation of the duplex DNA structure and thereby the release of the Fc-P from the sensing interface. The single-stranded MB-P could thus tend to form a hairpin structure through the hybridization of the complementary sequences at both its ends. Such conformational changes result in the oxidation peak current of Fc decreases and that of MB increases, and the changes of dual signals are linear with the concentration of ATP. When "ΔI = ΔI(MB) + |ΔI(Fc)|" (ΔI(MB) and ΔI(Fc) are the change values of the oxidation peak currents of MB and Fc, respectively.) is used as the response signal for quantitative determination of ATP, the detection limit (1.9 nM) is much lower than that by using either MB-P or Fc-P alone. This new dual-signaling aptasensor is readily regenerated and shows good response toward the target. It will have important applications in the sensitive and selective electrochemical determination of other small molecules and proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
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Sosnowska M, Pieta P, Sharma PS, Chitta R, Chandra BKC, Bandi V, D'Souza F, Kutner W. Piezomicrogravimetric and impedimetric oligonucleotide biosensors using conducting polymers of biotinylated bis(2,2'-bithien-5-yl)methane as recognition units. Anal Chem 2013; 85:7454-61. [PMID: 23829162 DOI: 10.1021/ac401404d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A new conducting polymer of biotinylated bis(2,2'-bithien-5-yl)methane was prepared and applied as the recognition unit of two different biosensors for selective oligonucleotide determination using either electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) or piezoelectric microgravimetry (PM) for label-free analytical signal transduction. For preparation of this unit, first, a biotinylated bis(2,2'-bithien-5-yl)methane functional monomer was designed and synthesized. Then, this monomer was potentiodynamically polymerized to form films on the surface of a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) and a Au electrode of a quartz crystal resonator (QCR) for the EIS and PM transduction, respectively. On top of these films, neutravidin was irreversibly immobilized by complexing the biotin moieties of the polymer. Finally, recognizing biotinylated oligonucleotide was attached by complexing the surface-immobilized neutravidin. This layer-by-layer assembling of the poly(thiophene-biotin)-neutravidin-(biotin-oligonucleotide) recognition film served to determine the target oligonucleotide via complementary nucleobase pairing. Under optimized determination conditions, the target oligonucleotide limit of detection (LOD) was 0.5 pM and 50 nM for the EIS and PM transduction, respectively. The sensor response to the target oligonucleotide was linear with respect to logarithm of the target oligonucleotide concentration in a wide range of 0.5 pM to 30 μM and with respect to its concentration in the range of 50 to 600 nM for the EIS and PM transduction, respectively. The biosensors were appreciably selective with respect to the nucleobase mismatched oligonucleotides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Sosnowska
- Department of Physical Chemistry of Supramolecular Complexes, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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Esteban Fernández de Ávila B, Watkins HM, Pingarrón JM, Plaxco KW, Palleschi G, Ricci F. Determinants of the detection limit and specificity of surface-based biosensors. Anal Chem 2013; 85:6593-7. [PMID: 23713910 DOI: 10.1021/ac4012123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Here, we employ a model electrochemical DNA sensor to demonstrate that the detection limit and specificity of surface-based sensors often are not dependent on the true affinity of the probe for its target but are simply dependent on the effective probe concentration. Under these circumstances, the observed affinity (and thus the sensor's detection limit and specificity) will depend on the density with which the probes are packed on the surface of the sensor, the surface area, and even the volume of sample employed.
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Budnikov HC, Evtugyn GA, Porfireva AV. Electrochemical DNA sensors based on electropolymerized materials. Talanta 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2012.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Wang J, Yi X, Tang H, Han H, Wu M, Zhou F. Direct quantification of microRNA at low picomolar level in sera of glioma patients using a competitive hybridization followed by amplified voltammetric detection. Anal Chem 2012; 84:6400-6. [PMID: 22788545 PMCID: PMC3418408 DOI: 10.1021/ac203368h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs), acting as oncogenes or tumor suppressors in humans, play a key role in regulating gene expression and are believed to be important for developing novel therapeutic treatments and clinical prognoses. Due to their short lengths (17-25 nucleotides) and extremely low concentrations (typically < picomolar) in biological samples, quantification of miRNAs has been challenging to conventional biochemical methods, such as Northern blotting, microarray, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). In this work, a biotinylated miRNA (biotin-miRNA) whose sequence is the same as that of a miRNA target is introduced into samples of interest and allowed to compete with the miRNA target for the oligonucleotide (ODN) probe preimmobilized onto an electrode. Voltammetric quantification of the miRNA target was accomplished after complexation of the biotin-miRNA with ferrocene (Fc)-capped gold nanoparticle/streptavidin conjugates. The Fc oxidation current was found to be inversely proportional to the concentration of target miRNA between 10 fM and 2.0 pM. The method is highly reproducible (relative standard deviation (RSD) < 5%), regenerable (at least 8 regeneration/assay cycles without discernible signal decrease), and selective (with sequence specificity down to a single nucleotide mismatch). The low detection levels (10 fM or 0.1 attomoles of miRNA in a 10 μL solution) allow the direct quantification of miRNA-182, a marker correlated to the progression of glioma in patients, to be performed in serum samples without sample pretreatment and RNA extraction and enrichment. The concentration of miRNA-182 in glioma patients was found to be 3.1 times as high as that in healthy persons, a conclusion in excellent agreement with a separate qPCR measurement of the expression level. The obviations of the requirement of an internal reference in qPCR, simplicity, and cost-effectiveness are other additional advantages of this method for detection of nucleic acids in clinical samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxiu Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China 410083
| | - Xinyao Yi
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China 410083
| | - Hailin Tang
- Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China 410013
| | - Hongxing Han
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China 410083
| | - Minghua Wu
- Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China 410013
| | - Feimeng Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China 410083
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90032
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Pheeney CG, Barton JK. DNA electrochemistry with tethered methylene blue. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2012; 28:7063-70. [PMID: 22512327 PMCID: PMC3398613 DOI: 10.1021/la300566x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Methylene blue (MB'), covalently attached to DNA through a flexible C(12) alkyl linker, provides a sensitive redox reporter in DNA electrochemistry measurements. Tethered, intercalated MB' is reduced through DNA-mediated charge transport; the incorporation of a single base mismatch at position 3, 10, or 14 of a 17-mer causes an attenuation of the signal to 62 ± 3% of the well-matched DNA, irrespective of position in the duplex. The redox signal intensity for MB'-DNA is found to be least 3-fold larger than that of Nile blue (NB)-DNA, indicating that MB' is even more strongly coupled to the π-stack. The signal attenuation due to an intervening mismatch does, however, depend on DNA film density and the backfilling agent used to passivate the surface. These results highlight two mechanisms for reduction of MB' on the DNA-modified electrode: reduction mediated by the DNA base pair stack and direct surface reduction of MB' at the electrode. These two mechanisms are distinguished by their rates of electron transfer that differ by 20-fold. The extent of direct reduction at the surface can be controlled by assembly and buffer conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catrina G Pheeney
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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Yang W, Lai RY. A dual-signalling electrochemical DNA sensor based on target hybridization-induced change in DNA probe flexibility. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:8703-5. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cc34312f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Yu ZG, Lai RY. A reagentless and reusable electrochemical DNA sensor based on target hybridization-induced stem-loop probe formation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:10523-5. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cc35985e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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