Coupling rotating disk electrodes and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy for in situ electrochemistry studies

Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy and Electrochemistry: The Ultimate Chemical Sensing and Manipulation Combination

One of the lessons we learned from the COVID-19 pandemic is that the need for ultrasensitive detection systems is now more critical than ever. While sensors' sensitivity, portability, selectivity, and low cost are crucial, new ways to couple synergistic methods enable the highest performance levels. This review article critically discusses the synergetic combinations of optical and electrochemical methods. We also discuss three key application fields-energy, biomedicine, and environment. Finally, we selected the most promising approaches and examples, the open challenges in sensing, and ways to overcome them. We expect this work to set a clear reference for developing and understanding strategies, pros and cons of different combinations of electrochemical and optical sensors integrated into a single device.

Darcy Forchheimer flow of CMC-water based hybrid nanofluid due to a rotating stretchable disk

The flow of fluid over a spinning disk has a broad scope of numerous applications. It is employed in various things, including medical equipment, the braking system of cars, gas turbines, plastic films, and glass production. As a result of these applications, we considered the phenomena of Darcy Forchheimer's three-dimensional flow on TiO2-Fe3O4 nanoparticles suspended in based CMC-water fluid. The influence of thermal radiation and convective conditions is studied. Moreover, the Buongiorno model is utilized to compute the Brownian motion and the thermophoretic effect. To generate the non-dimensionalized governing equations, suitable alterations are put into use. These equations are then utilized with Matlab BVP4c. Graphs are used to analyze the behavior of velocity distributions, and thermal and concentration profiles at different parameter values. In addition, the solutions to the flow problem have been analyzed in terms of several other physical variables on velocity, temperature, concentration, drag force, heat, and mass transfer. According to the findings, it is clear that an escalates in the value of the rotation parameter leads to an increase in the radial velocity and axial velocity. In contrast, an opposite pattern is followed in the Forchheimer number. Finally, some engineering quantities are evaluated numerically and presented in tabular forms.