1
|
Zhuang B, Zhang M, Li A, Zhang Q, Liu J, Zheng Z, Wang H. Dynamic multicolour tuning in π-conjugated polymers towards flexible electrochromic displays. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 676:670-679. [PMID: 39053414 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.07.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Multicolour electrochromic materials have been considered as a promising alternative to achieve dynamic full-colour tuning towards next-generation electronic display technology. However, the development of electrochromics with wide colour gamut and subtle multicolour tunability still remains challenging due to inflexible energy level structures in intrinsic active materials. Herein, the electrochromic π-conjugated polymers with rich and subtle colour tunability were designed and developed based on a fine adjustment on the energy level structures. The chromatic transition covers almost full-colour gamut, and each colour scheme has a rich variety of categories stemming from versatile hues, chromas and lightnesses. Moreover, the multicolour π-conjugated polymers also demonstrate superior overall electrochromic performance, including fast switching (∼1.0 s), high colouration efficiency (160.4 cm2 C-1@550 nm) and good reversibility (over 90 % retention after 10,000 cycles). As a proof of concept, ultrathin and flexible prototype devices are developed by utilizing the multicolour π-conjugated polymers as electrochromic active layer, exhibiting a wide colour gamut and highly saturated multicolour tunability. The design principles proposed in this work may also be applicable to diverse optoelectronic applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Biying Zhuang
- Key Laboratory for New Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Meiyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory for New Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Ang Li
- Key Laboratory for New Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Qianqian Zhang
- Key Laboratory for New Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China.
| | - Jingbing Liu
- Key Laboratory for New Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Zilong Zheng
- Key Laboratory for New Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China.
| | - Hao Wang
- Key Laboratory for New Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kedia R, Khatak M, Balkhandia M, Patra A. Electrochemical copolymerization of 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene and dithienothiophene: influence of feed ratio on electrical, optical and electrochromic properties. RSC Adv 2024; 14:11334-11349. [PMID: 38590353 PMCID: PMC11000263 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra08729h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Designing a copolymer is an efficient and alternative method to generate new chemical and physical properties compared to parent homopolymers without complex synthesis and structural modification. We herein report the electrochemical deposition of copolymer using two monomers 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) and dithieno[3,2-b:2',3'-d]thiophene (DTT). Three different copolymers P[EDOT-co-DTT] were synthesized by using different feed ratios of monomers (EDOT and DTT molar ratios in solution are 2 : 1, 1 : 1 and 1 : 2) in acetonitrile containing 0.1 M tetrabutylammonium perchlorate (TBAClO4) as a supporting electrolyte. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy and UV-vis-NIR spectroscopy were employed to characterize the obtained copolymers. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) analysis was used to estimate the composition of EDOT and DTT units in copolymers. The electrochemical and morphological properties were analyzed using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). In situ spectroelectrochemistry and electrochromic studies were performed to investigate the optical and switching properties of the resultant copolymers. The homopolymers poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) and polydithieno[3,2-b:2',3'-d]thiophene (PDTT) were also prepared using similar electrochemical conditions and made comparisons where applicable. Computational calculations were done to understand the structure and energy levels of these polymers. It was found that these copolymers P[EDOT-co-DTT] show new properties as compared to homopolymers PEDOT and PDTT for organic electronic applications. Interesting to note that the resultant copolymers display the property of tunable electrochromism with improved transmittance and redox color change between the neutral and oxidized states.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rashi Kedia
- Photovoltaic Metrology Section, Advanced Materials & Device Metrology Division, CSIR-National Physical Laboratory Dr K. S. Krishnan Marg New Delhi 110012 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad 201002 India
| | - Manisha Khatak
- Photovoltaic Metrology Section, Advanced Materials & Device Metrology Division, CSIR-National Physical Laboratory Dr K. S. Krishnan Marg New Delhi 110012 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad 201002 India
| | - Manisha Balkhandia
- Photovoltaic Metrology Section, Advanced Materials & Device Metrology Division, CSIR-National Physical Laboratory Dr K. S. Krishnan Marg New Delhi 110012 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad 201002 India
| | - Asit Patra
- Photovoltaic Metrology Section, Advanced Materials & Device Metrology Division, CSIR-National Physical Laboratory Dr K. S. Krishnan Marg New Delhi 110012 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad 201002 India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ismail R, Guerra VLP, Kovaříček P. Sequential In-Situ Growth of Layered Conjugated Polymers for Optoelectronics Under Electrochemical Control. Chempluschem 2023; 88:e202300280. [PMID: 37503683 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202300280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Layered optoelectronic devices are manufactured using multistep procedures that require high precision in the spatial positioning of individual materials. Current technology uses costly and tedious procedures and instrumentation. In this work instead, we propose an approach which exploits the fundamental properties of the substrate to direct the growth of the next layer, here controlled by an electrochemical potential. We have electrochemically synthesized and characterized a series of polymeric materials that are most commonly used in the field. The films produced show gradient monomer ratios embedded in the polymeric film as a function of the distance from the working electrode. Under the optimized conditions, reproducible construction of simple electronic elements, e. g., rectifying diodes, is achieved. We argue that the sequential in situ method leads to gradient composition of polymer chains and the film resulting in the rectification of electric current. We discuss how this system can open new avenues in advanced optoelectronic applications, such as organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) or field-effect transistors (OFETs).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rimeh Ismail
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Valentino L P Guerra
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Kovaříček
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Tatemura R, Yasutake M, Kinoshita H, Miura K. Electrochemical Properties and Electrochromism of 6-Aryl-1,3-bis(trimethylsilyl)fulvenes and Their Derivatives. J Org Chem 2021; 87:172-183. [PMID: 34913709 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we have disclosed intriguing electrochromic properties of 6-aryl-1,3-bissilylfulvenes. The electrolyte solutions (0.1 M n-Bu4NClO4 in acetonitrile or dichloromethane) of some 6-aryl-1,3-bissilylfulvenes showed notable color changes when superimposed negative voltages were applied to the solutions. Investigation of the substituents at position 6 revealed that the solution of 1,3-bissilyl-6-anthracenylfulvene exhibited chromic changes under both applied superimposed negative and positive voltages and exhibited a three-color electrochromism. Electrochromic properties of 1,6-diarylfulvenes derived from 6-aryl-1,3-bissilylfulvenes were also investigated. The aryl group at position 1 also contributed to the electrochromism of fulvenes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Tatemura
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-ohkubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Mikio Yasutake
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-ohkubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Hidenori Kinoshita
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-ohkubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Katsukiyo Miura
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-ohkubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ozkan BC, Soganci T, Turhan H, Ak M. Investigation of rGO and chitosan effects on optical and electrical properties of the conductive polymers for advanced applications. Electrochim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2018.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
6
|
|
7
|
Ayranci R, Başkaya G, Güzel M, Bozkurt S, Şen F, Ak M. Carbon Based Nanomaterials for High Performance Optoelectrochemical Systems. ChemistrySelect 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201601632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rukiye Ayranci
- Pamukkale University; Faculty of Art and Science, Chemistry Department; Denizli Turkey
| | - Gaye Başkaya
- Sen Research Group; Dumlupinar University; Faculty of Art and Science, Chemistry Department; Kütahya Turkey
| | - Merve Güzel
- Pamukkale University; Faculty of Art and Science, Chemistry Department; Denizli Turkey
| | - Sait Bozkurt
- Sen Research Group; Dumlupinar University; Faculty of Art and Science, Chemistry Department; Kütahya Turkey
| | - Fatih Şen
- Sen Research Group; Dumlupinar University; Faculty of Art and Science, Chemistry Department; Kütahya Turkey
| | - Metin Ak
- Pamukkale University; Faculty of Art and Science, Chemistry Department; Denizli Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ayranci R, Ak M, Karakus M, Cetisli H. The effect of the monomer feed ratio and applied potential on copolymerization: investigation of the copolymer formation of ferrocene-functionalized metallopolymer and EDOT. Des Monomers Polym 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/15685551.2016.1187438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rukiye Ayranci
- Department of Chemistry, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Metin Ak
- Department of Chemistry, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Karakus
- Department of Chemistry, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Halil Cetisli
- Department of Chemistry, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Tao Y, Zhang K, Zhang Z, Cheng H. Novel electrochromic copolymers based on thiophene-anthracene derivatives via electrochemical polymerization in boron trifluoride diethyl etherate. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2016.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
10
|
Ninh DH, Thi Thao T, Duy Long P, Dinh NN. Characterization of Electrochromic Properties of Polyaniline Thin Films Electropolymerized in H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> Solution. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.4236/ojopm.2016.61004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
11
|
Chou JC, Yang CJ, Liao YH, Ho PA, Chou HT, Huang CH. The Investigation of ZnO Nanowires/ITO/Glass Substrate on Electrochromic Properties for PMeT Thin Film. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1109/jdt.2015.2409110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
12
|
Lin K, Zhen S, Ming S, Xu J, Lu B. Synthesis and electro-optical properties of new conjugated hybrid polymers from EDOT end-capped dibenzothiophene and dibenzofuran. NEW J CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4nj01854k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Two novel EDOT end-capped dibenzo five-membered ring-heterocycle hybrid polymers were synthesised and their optoelectronic properties were explored.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaiwen Lin
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry
- Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University
- Nanchang 330013
- China
| | - Shijie Zhen
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry
- Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University
- Nanchang 330013
- China
| | - Shouli Ming
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry
- Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University
- Nanchang 330013
- China
| | - Jingkun Xu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry
- Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University
- Nanchang 330013
- China
| | - Baoyang Lu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry
- Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University
- Nanchang 330013
- China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Narayanan S, Abbas A, Raghunathan SP, Sreekumar K, Kartha CS, Joseph R. Theoretical and experimental investigations on the photoconductivity and nonlinear optical properties of donor–acceptor π conjugated copolymer, poly(2,5-(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-alt-2,7-(9,9-dioctylfluorene)). RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra13024c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A new donor–acceptor copolymer, poly(2,5-(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-alt-2,7-(9,9-dioctylfluorene) copolymer with high optical limiting efficiency (0.47 GW cm−2) and photoconductivity (at 75 V μm−1, the photosensitivity was 289 742).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sona Narayanan
- Department of Polymer Science and Rubber Technology
- Cochin University of Science and Technology
- Cochin-682022
- India
| | - Anshad Abbas
- Department of Physics
- Cochin University of Science and Technology
- Cochin-682022
- India
| | | | - Krishnapillai Sreekumar
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Cochin University of Science and Technology
- Cochin-682022
- India
| | | | - Rani Joseph
- Department of Polymer Science and Rubber Technology
- Cochin University of Science and Technology
- Cochin-682022
- India
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Sydorov D, Duboriz I, Pud A. Poly(3-methylthiophene)–polyaniline couple spectroelectrochemistry revisited for the complementary red–green–blue electrochromic device. Electrochim Acta 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2013.05.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
15
|
Yu W, Chen J, Fu Y, Xu J, Nie G. Electrochromic property of a copolymer based on 5-cyanoindole and 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene and its application in electrochromic devices. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2013.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
|
16
|
Effect of substituents on electrochemical and optical properties of thienyl-derivatized polypyrenes. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2012.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
17
|
Hai-feng C, Yi-jie T, Zhao-yang Z, Xiao-qian X. WITHDRAWN: Multielectrochromic copolymers based on thiophene derivatives: Tunable optoelectronic properties. Electrochim Acta 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2013.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
18
|
Facile and economical synthesis of high-contrast multielectrochromic copolymers based on anthracene and 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene via electrocopolymerization in boron trifluoride diethyl etherate. Electrochim Acta 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2012.05.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
19
|
Xu C, Zhao J, Wang M, Wang Z, Cui C, Kong Y, Zhang X. Electrosynthesis and characterization of a neutrally colorless electrochromic material from poly(1,3-bis(9H-carbazol-9-yl)benzene) and its application in electrochromic devices. Electrochim Acta 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2012.04.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
20
|
|
21
|
Fu Y, Cheng X, Zhao J, Kong T, Cui C, Zhang X. Electrosynthesis and characterization of a novel electrochromic copolymer of N-methylpyrrole with cyclopenta[2,1-b:3,4-b′]dithiophene. Polym J 2012. [DOI: 10.1038/pj.2012.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
22
|
Electrosynthesis and characterization of a new multielectrochromic copolymer of 1,4-bis(2-thienyl) benzene with 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene. J Appl Polym Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/app.36388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
23
|
Tu S, Wang Y, Lan J, Zheng Q, Wei J, Chen S. Tuning of electrochromic properties by copolymerization of monoalkoxythiophenes and dialkoxythiophenes. J Appl Polym Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/app.35296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
24
|
Li T, Xu W, Tang C, Zhang M, Wu Y, Miyashita T. Controllable photopatterning and photochemical properties of novel copolymer containing dianthracene langmuir-blodgett films. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.22389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
25
|
Lv R, Sun Y, Yu F, Zhang H. Fabrication of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-polysaccharide composites. J Appl Polym Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/app.35117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
26
|
Xu L, Zhao J, Cui C, Liu R, Liu J, Wang H. Electrosynthesis and characterization of an electrochromic material from poly(1,4-bis(2-thienyl)-benzene) and its application in electrochromic devices. Electrochim Acta 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2010.12.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
27
|
Xu L, Zhao J, Liu R, Liu H, Liu J, Wang H. Electrosyntheses and characterizations of novel electrochromic and fluorescent copolymers based on 2,2′-bithiophene and pyrene. Electrochim Acta 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2010.08.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
28
|
Enhancing electrochromic and kinetic properties of poly(2,3-bis(4-tert-butylphenyl)-5,8-di(1H-pyrrol-2-yl) quinoxaline) by copolymerization. Electrochim Acta 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2009.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
29
|
Beaujuge PM, Reynolds JR. Color Control in π-Conjugated Organic Polymers for Use in Electrochromic Devices. Chem Rev 2010; 110:268-320. [DOI: 10.1021/cr900129a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1408] [Impact Index Per Article: 100.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pierre M. Beaujuge
- The George and Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611
| | - John R. Reynolds
- The George and Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Electrosyntheses and characterizations of novel electrochromic copolymers based on pyrene and 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene. Electrochim Acta 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2009.05.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
31
|
|