1
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Park S, McDaniel JG. Generalized Helmholtz model describes capacitance profiles of ionic liquids and concentrated aqueous electrolytes. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:164709. [PMID: 38651812 DOI: 10.1063/5.0194360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
In this work, we propose and validate a generalization of the Helmholtz model that can account for both "bell-shaped" and "camel-shaped" differential capacitance profiles of concentrated electrolytes, the latter being characteristic of ionic liquids. The generalization is based on introducing voltage dependence of both the dielectric constant "ϵr(V)" and thickness "L(V)" of the inner Helmholtz layer, as validated by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. We utilize MD simulations to study the capacitance profiles of three different electrochemical interfaces: (1) graphite/[BMIm+][BF4-] ionic liquid interface; (2) Au(100)/[BMIm+][BF4-] ionic liquid interface; (3) Au(100)/1M [Na+][Cl-] aqueous interface. We compute the voltage dependence of ϵr(V) and L(V) and demonstrate that the generalized Helmholtz model qualitatively describes both camel-shaped and bell-shaped differential capacitance profiles of ionic liquids and concentrated aqueous electrolytes (in lieu of specific ion adsorption). In particular, the camel-shaped capacitance profile that is characteristic of ionic liquid electrolytes arises simply from combination of the voltage-dependent trends of ϵr(V) and L(V). Furthermore, explicit analysis of the inner layer charge density for both concentrated aqueous and ionic liquid double layers reveal similarities, with these charge distributions typically exhibiting a dipolar region closest to the electrode followed by a monopolar peak at larger distances. It is appealing that a generalized Helmholtz model can provide a unified description of the inner layer structure and capacitance profile for seemingly disparate aqueous and ionic liquid electrolytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suehyun Park
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, USA
| | - Jesse G McDaniel
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, USA
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2
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Cole J, Syres KL. Ionic liquids on oxide surfaces. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2022; 34:213002. [PMID: 35234666 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac5994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) supported on oxide surfaces are being investigated for numerous applications including catalysis, batteries, capacitors, transistors, lubricants, solar cells, corrosion inhibitors, nanoparticle synthesis and biomedical applications. The study of ILs with oxide surfaces presents challenges both experimentally and computationally. The interaction between ILs and oxide surfaces can be rather complex, with defects in the oxide surface playing a key role in the adsorption behaviour and resulting electronic properties. The choice of the cation/anion pair is also important and can influence molecular ordering and electronic properties at the interface. These controllable interfacial behaviours make ionic liquid/oxide systems desirable for a number of different technological applications as well as being utilised for nanoparticle synthesis. This topical review aims to bring together recent experimental and theoretical work on the interaction of ILs with oxide surfaces, including TiO2, ZnO, Al2O3, SnO2and transition metal oxides. It focusses on the behaviour of ILs at model single crystal surfaces, the interaction between ILs and nanoparticulate oxides, and their performance in prototype devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Cole
- Jeremiah Horrocks Institute for Mathematics, Physics and Astronomy, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, PR1 2HE, United Kingdom
| | - Karen L Syres
- Jeremiah Horrocks Institute for Mathematics, Physics and Astronomy, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, PR1 2HE, United Kingdom
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3
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Du H, Tian G. First-principles studies of imidazolium chloroaluminate ionic liquids with different substitutions on the Pt(111) surface. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.128079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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4
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Voroshylova IV, Ers H, Koverga V, Docampo-Álvarez B, Pikma P, Ivaništšev VB, Cordeiro M. Ionic liquid–metal interface: The origins of capacitance peaks. Electrochim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.138148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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5
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Voroshylova IV, Ers H, Docampo-Álvarez B, Pikma P, Ivaništšev VB, Cordeiro MNDS. Hysteresis in the MD Simulations of Differential Capacitance at the Ionic Liquid-Au Interface. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:10408-10413. [PMID: 33253582 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c03212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this Letter, we report the first observation of the capacitance-potential hysteresis at the ionic liquid | electrode interface in atomistic molecular dynamics simulations. While modeling the differential capacitance dependence on the potential scan direction, we detected two long-living types of interfacial structure for the BMImPF6 ionic liquid at specific charge densities of the gold Au(111) surface. These structures differ in how counterions overscreen the surface charge. The high barrier for the transition from one structure to another slows down the interfacial restructuring process and leads to the marked capacitance-potential hysteresis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iuliia V Voroshylova
- LAQV@REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Heigo Ers
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Ravila 14a, Tartu 50411, Estonia
| | | | - Piret Pikma
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Ravila 14a, Tartu 50411, Estonia
| | | | - M Natália D S Cordeiro
- LAQV@REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
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6
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Wang YL, Li B, Sarman S, Mocci F, Lu ZY, Yuan J, Laaksonen A, Fayer MD. Microstructural and Dynamical Heterogeneities in Ionic Liquids. Chem Rev 2020; 120:5798-5877. [PMID: 32292036 PMCID: PMC7349628 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) are a special category of molten salts solely composed of ions with varied molecular symmetry and charge delocalization. The versatility in combining varied cation-anion moieties and in functionalizing ions with different atoms and molecular groups contributes to their peculiar interactions ranging from weak isotropic associations to strong, specific, and anisotropic forces. A delicate interplay among intra- and intermolecular interactions facilitates the formation of heterogeneous microstructures and liquid morphologies, which further contributes to their striking dynamical properties. Microstructural and dynamical heterogeneities of ILs lead to their multifaceted properties described by an inherent designer feature, which makes ILs important candidates for novel solvents, electrolytes, and functional materials in academia and industrial applications. Due to a massive number of combinations of ion pairs with ion species having distinct molecular structures and IL mixtures containing varied molecular solvents, a comprehensive understanding of their hierarchical structural and dynamical quantities is of great significance for a rational selection of ILs with appropriate properties and thereafter advancing their macroscopic functionalities in applications. In this review, we comprehensively trace recent advances in understanding delicate interplay of strong and weak interactions that underpin their complex phase behaviors with a particular emphasis on understanding heterogeneous microstructures and dynamics of ILs in bulk liquids, in mixtures with cosolvents, and in interfacial regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Lei Wang
- Department
of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bin Li
- School
of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, P. R. China
| | - Sten Sarman
- Department
of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Francesca Mocci
- Department
of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University
of Cagliari, I-09042 Monserrato, Italy
| | - Zhong-Yuan Lu
- State
Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Institute
of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P. R. China
| | - Jiayin Yuan
- Department
of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Aatto Laaksonen
- Department
of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
- State
Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
- Centre of
Advanced Research in Bionanoconjugates and Biopolymers, Petru Poni Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry Aleea Grigore Ghica-Voda, 41A, 700487 Iasi, Romania
- Department
of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Division of Energy Science, Luleå University of Technology, SE-97187 Luleå, Sweden
| | - Michael D. Fayer
- Department
of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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7
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Li Y, Hou F, Sun X, Xiao Z, Zhang X, Li G. Toward an Understanding of Capping Molecules on Pt Nanoparticles for Hydrogenation: the Key Role of Hydroxyl Groups. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201900100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yueting Li
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of EducationSchool of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyTianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Fang Hou
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of EducationSchool of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyTianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Xiaoqing Sun
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of EducationSchool of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyTianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Zhourong Xiao
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of EducationSchool of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyTianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Xiangwen Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of EducationSchool of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyTianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Guozhu Li
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of EducationSchool of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyTianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) Tianjin 300072 China
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8
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Lucio AJ, Shaw SK. Capacitive hysteresis at the 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tris(pentafluoroethyl)-trifluorophosphate-polycrystalline gold interface. Anal Bioanal Chem 2018; 410:4575-4586. [PMID: 29492622 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-0962-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
We report potential-dependent capacitance curves over a 2-V potential range for the 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tris(pentafluoroethyl)-trifluorophosphate (Emim FAP)-polycrystalline gold interface, and examine the effect of potential scan direction on results. We find very small levels of capacitive hysteresis in the Emim FAP-polycrystalline Au electrochemical system, where capacitance curves show minor dependence on the potential scan direction employed. This is a considerably different response than that reported for the Emim FAP-Au(111) interface where significant hysteresis is observed based on the potential scan direction (Drüschler et al. in J Phys Chem C 115 (14):6802-6808, 2011). Hysteresis effects have previously been suggested to be a general feature of an ionic liquid (IL) at electrified interfaces due to slow interfacial processes and has been demonstrated for numerous electrochemical systems. We provide new evidence that the experimental procedure used to acquire capacitance data and data workup could also have implications on capacitance-potential relationships in ILs. This work serves to progress our understanding of the nature of capacitive hysteresis at the IL-electrode interface. Graphical abstract Subtle changes in experimental methods can lead to significantly different capacitance measurements in ionic liquids. Which is the best approach?
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J Lucio
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Scott K Shaw
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.
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9
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Borisenko N, Lahiri A, Pulletikurthi G, Cui T, Carstens T, Zahlbach J, Atkin R, Endres F. The Au(111)/IL interfacial nanostructure in the presence of precursors and its influence on the electrodeposition process. Faraday Discuss 2018; 206:459-473. [DOI: 10.1039/c7fd00165g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Ionic liquids have attracted significant interest as electrolytes for the electrodeposition of metals and semiconductors, but the details of the deposition processes are not yet well understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Borisenko
- Institute of Electrochemistry
- Clausthal University of Technology
- 38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld
- Germany
| | - Abhishek Lahiri
- Institute of Electrochemistry
- Clausthal University of Technology
- 38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld
- Germany
| | - Giridhar Pulletikurthi
- Institute of Electrochemistry
- Clausthal University of Technology
- 38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld
- Germany
| | - Tong Cui
- Institute of Electrochemistry
- Clausthal University of Technology
- 38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld
- Germany
| | - Timo Carstens
- Institute of Electrochemistry
- Clausthal University of Technology
- 38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld
- Germany
| | - Janine Zahlbach
- Institute of Electrochemistry
- Clausthal University of Technology
- 38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld
- Germany
| | - Rob Atkin
- School of Molecular Sciences
- The University of Western Australia
- Australia
| | - Frank Endres
- Institute of Electrochemistry
- Clausthal University of Technology
- 38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld
- Germany
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10
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Lucio AJ, Shaw SK. Effects and controls of capacitive hysteresis in ionic liquid electrochemical measurements. Analyst 2018; 143:4887-4900. [DOI: 10.1039/c8an01085d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Capacitance vs. potential relationships help electrochemists better understand electrode–liquid interfacial behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Scott K. Shaw
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Iowa
- Iowa City
- USA
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11
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Li H, Rutland MW, Watanabe M, Atkin R. Boundary layer friction of solvate ionic liquids as a function of potential. Faraday Discuss 2017; 199:311-322. [PMID: 28422196 DOI: 10.1039/c6fd00236f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Atomic force microscopy (AFM) has been used to investigate the potential dependent boundary layer friction at solvate ionic liquid (SIL)-highly ordered pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) and SIL-Au(111) interfaces. Friction trace and retrace loops of lithium tetraglyme bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)amide (Li(G4) TFSI) at HOPG present clearer stick-slip events at negative potentials than at positive potentials, indicating that a Li+ cation layer adsorbed to the HOPG lattice at negative potentials which enhances stick-slip events. The boundary layer friction data for Li(G4) TFSI shows that at HOPG, friction forces at all potentials are low. The TFSI- anion rich boundary layer at positive potentials is more lubricating than the Li+ cation rich boundary layer at negative potentials. These results suggest that boundary layers at all potentials are smooth and energy is predominantly dissipated via stick-slip events. In contrast, friction at Au(111) for Li(G4) TFSI is significantly higher at positive potentials than at negative potentials, which is comparable to that at HOPG at the same potential. The similarity of boundary layer friction at negatively charged HOPG and Au(111) surfaces indicates that the boundary layer compositions are similar and rich in Li+ cations for both surfaces at negative potentials. However, at Au(111), the TFSI- rich boundary layer is less lubricating than the Li+ rich boundary layer, which implies that anion reorientations rather than stick-slip events are the predominant energy dissipation pathways. This is confirmed by the boundary friction of Li(G4) NO3 at Au(111), which shows similar friction to Li(G4) TFSI at negative potentials due to the same cation rich boundary layer composition, but even higher friction at positive potentials, due to higher energy dissipation in the NO3- rich boundary layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Li
- Priority Research Centre for Advanced Fluids and Interfaces, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
| | - Mark W Rutland
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE100 44 Sweden and Chemistry, Materials and Surfaces, SP Technical Research Institute of Sweden, SE114 86 Sweden
| | - Masayoshi Watanabe
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Yokohama National University, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
| | - Rob Atkin
- Priority Research Centre for Advanced Fluids and Interfaces, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
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12
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Tułodziecki M, Tarascon JM, Taberna PL, Guéry C. Catalytic reduction of TFSI-containing ionic liquid in the presence of lithium cations. Electrochem commun 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2017.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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13
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Uralcan B, Aksay IA, Debenedetti PG, Limmer DT. Concentration Fluctuations and Capacitive Response in Dense Ionic Solutions. J Phys Chem Lett 2016; 7:2333-2338. [PMID: 27259040 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.6b00859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We use molecular dynamics simulations in a constant potential ensemble to study the effects of solution composition on the electrochemical response of a double layer capacitor. We find that the capacitance first increases with ion concentration following its expected ideal solution behavior but decreases upon approaching a pure ionic liquid in agreement with recent experimental observations. The nonmonotonic behavior of the capacitance as a function of ion concentration results from the competition between the independent motion of solvated ions in the dilute regime and solvation fluctuations in the concentrated regime. Mirroring the capacitance, we find that the characteristic decay length of charge density correlations away from the electrode is also nonmonotonic. The correlation length first decreases with ion concentration as a result of better electrostatic screening but increases with ion concentration as a result of enhanced steric interactions. When charge fluctuations induced by correlated ion-solvent fluctuations are large relative to those induced by the pure ionic liquid, such capacitive behavior is expected to be generic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betul Uralcan
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and ‡Princeton Center for Theoretical Science, Princeton University , Princeton New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Ilhan A Aksay
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and ‡Princeton Center for Theoretical Science, Princeton University , Princeton New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Pablo G Debenedetti
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and ‡Princeton Center for Theoretical Science, Princeton University , Princeton New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - David T Limmer
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and ‡Princeton Center for Theoretical Science, Princeton University , Princeton New Jersey 08544, United States
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14
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In situ scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM) studies of the electrochemical deposition of tantalum in two different ionic liquids with the 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium cation. Electrochim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2015.07.178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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15
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Sheehan A, Jurado LA, Ramakrishna SN, Arcifa A, Rossi A, Spencer ND, Espinosa-Marzal RM. Layering of ionic liquids on rough surfaces. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:4094-4106. [PMID: 26821595 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr07805a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the behavior of ionic liquids (ILs) either confined between rough surfaces or in rough nanoscale pores is of great relevance to extend studies performed on ideally flat surfaces to real applications. In this work we have performed an extensive investigation of the structural forces between two surfaces with well-defined roughness (<9 nm RMS) in 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide by atomic force microscopy. Statistical studies of the measured layer thicknesses, layering force, and layering frequency reveal the ordered structure of the rough IL-solid interface. Our work shows that the equilibrium structure of the interfacial IL strongly depends on the topography of the contact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Sheehan
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana 61801, Illinois, USA.
| | - L Andres Jurado
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana 61801, Illinois, USA.
| | | | | | - Antonella Rossi
- ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland and Università degli Studi di Cagliari, 09042, Italy
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16
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Begić S, Li H, Atkin R, Hollenkamp AF, Howlett PC. A comparative AFM study of the interfacial nanostructure in imidazolium or pyrrolidinium ionic liquid electrolytes for zinc electrochemical systems. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:29337-29347. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp04299f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
AFM measurements show that the electrochemical performance of zinc based ionic liquid electrolytes is controlled by ion arrangements at the electrode surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srđan Begić
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science (ACES)
- Institute for Frontier Materials (IFM)
- Deakin University Burwood Campus
- Burwood
- Australia
| | - Hua Li
- Priority Research Centre for Advanced Fluids and Interfaces
- The University of Newcastle
- Callaghan
- Australia
| | - Rob Atkin
- Priority Research Centre for Advanced Fluids and Interfaces
- The University of Newcastle
- Callaghan
- Australia
| | | | - Patrick C. Howlett
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science (ACES)
- Institute for Frontier Materials (IFM)
- Deakin University Burwood Campus
- Burwood
- Australia
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17
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Brummel O, Faisal F, Bauer T, Pohako-Esko K, Wasserscheid P, Libuda J. Ionic Liquid-Modified Electrocatalysts: The Interaction of [C 1 C 2 Im][OTf] with Pt(1 1 1) and its Influence on Methanol Oxidation Studied by Electrochemical IR Spectroscopy. Electrochim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2015.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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18
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Jurado LA, Kim H, Rossi A, Arcifa A, Schuh JK, Spencer ND, Leal C, Ewoldt RH, Espinosa-Marzal RM. Effect of the environmental humidity on the bulk, interfacial and nanoconfined properties of an ionic liquid. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:22719-30. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp03777a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Structural and dynamical properties of ILs are altered by the weakening of ion–ion correlations in the presence of water.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Andres Jurado
- Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- IL-61801 Urbana
- USA
| | - Hojun Kim
- Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- IL-61801 Urbana
- USA
| | - Antonella Rossi
- Lab. for Surface Science and Technology
- Dept. of Materials
- ETH Zurich
- CH-8093 Zurich
- Switzerland
| | - Andrea Arcifa
- Lab. for Surface Science and Technology
- Dept. of Materials
- ETH Zurich
- CH-8093 Zurich
- Switzerland
| | - Jonathon K. Schuh
- Dept. of Mechanical Science and Engineering
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- IL-61801 Urbana
- USA
| | - Nicholas D. Spencer
- Lab. for Surface Science and Technology
- Dept. of Materials
- ETH Zurich
- CH-8093 Zurich
- Switzerland
| | - Cecilia Leal
- Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- IL-61801 Urbana
- USA
| | - Randy H. Ewoldt
- Dept. of Mechanical Science and Engineering
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- IL-61801 Urbana
- USA
| | - Rosa M. Espinosa-Marzal
- Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- IL-61801 Urbana
- USA
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Mehl S, Toghan A, Bauer T, Brummel O, Taccardi N, Wasserscheid P, Libuda J. Pd Nanoparticle Formation in Ionic Liquid Thin Films Monitored by in situ Vibrational Spectroscopy. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2015; 31:12126-12139. [PMID: 26479118 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b03386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) are flexible reaction media and solvents for the synthesis of metal nanoparticles (NPs). Here, we describe a new preparation method for metallic NPs in nanometer thick films of ultraclean ILs in an ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) environment. CO-covered Pd NPs are formed by simultaneous and by sequential physical vapor deposition (PVD) of the IL and the metal in the presence of low partial pressures of CO. The film thickness and the particle size can be controlled by the deposition parameters. We followed the formation of the NPs and their thermal behavior by time-resolved IR reflection absorption spectroscopy (TP-IRAS) and by temperature-programmed IRAS (TR-IRAS). Codeposition of Pd and [C1C2Im][OTf] in CO at 100 K leads to the growth of homogeneous multilayer films of CO-covered Pd aggregates in an IL matrix. The size of these NPs can be controlled by the metal fraction in the co-deposit. With increasing metal fraction, the size of the Pd NPs also increases. At very low metal content, small Pd carbonyl-like species are formed, which bind CO in on-top geometry only. Upon annealing, the [OTf](-) anion coadsorbs at the NP surface and partially displaces CO. Co-adsorption of CO and IL is indicated by a strong red-shift of the CO stretching bands. While the weakly bound on-top CO is mainly replaced below the melting transition of the IL, coadsorbate shells with bridge-bonded CO and IL are stable well above the melting point. Larger three-dimensional Pd NPs can be prepared by PVD of Pd onto a solid [C1C2Im][OTf] film at 100 K. Upon annealing, on-top CO desorbs from these NPs below 200 K. Upon melting of the IL film, the CO-covered Pd NPs immerse into the IL and again form a stable coadsorbate shell that consists of bridge-bonded CO and the IL.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arafat Toghan
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, South Valley University , 83523 Qena, Egypt
| | | | | | | | - Peter Wasserscheid
- Erlangen Catalysis Resource Center and Interdisciplinary Center Interface-Controlled Processes, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg , 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jörg Libuda
- Erlangen Catalysis Resource Center and Interdisciplinary Center Interface-Controlled Processes, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg , 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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20
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Jurado LA, Kim H, Arcifa A, Rossi A, Leal C, Spencer ND, Espinosa-Marzal RM. Irreversible structural change of a dry ionic liquid under nanoconfinement. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:13613-24. [PMID: 25941682 DOI: 10.1039/c4cp05592f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Studies of 1-hexyl-3-methyl-imidazolium ethylsulfate ([HMIM] EtSO4) using an extended surface forces apparatus show, for the first time, an ordered structure within the nanoconfined ionic liquid (IL) between mica surfaces that extends up to ∼60 nm from the surface. Our measurements show the growth of this ordered IL-film upon successive nanoconfinements-the structural changes being irreversible upon removal of the confinement-and the response of the structure to shear. The compressibility of this system is lower than that typically measured for ILs, while creep takes place during shear, both findings supporting a long-range liquid-to-solid transition. AFM (sharp-tip) studies of [HMIM] EtSO4 on mica only reveal ∼2 surface IL-layers, with order extending only ∼3 nm from the surface, indicating that confinement is required for the long-range IL-solidification to occur. WAXS studies of the bulk IL show a more pronounced ordered structure than is the case for [HMIM] with bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide as anion, but no long-range order is detected, consistent with the results obtained with the sharp AFM tip. These are the first force measurements of nanoconfinement-induced long-range solidification of an IL.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Andres Jurado
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL-61801 Urbana, USA.
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21
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Sebastián P, Sandoval AP, Climent V, Feliu JM. Study of the interface Pt(111)/ [Emmim][NTf2] using laser-induced temperature jump experiments. Electrochem commun 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2015.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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22
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Hayes
- Discipline
of Chemistry, The University of Newcastle, NSW 2308, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Gregory G. Warr
- School
of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Sydney, Australia
| | - Rob Atkin
- Discipline
of Chemistry, The University of Newcastle, NSW 2308, Callaghan, Australia
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23
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Wen R, Rahn B, Magnussen OM. Potentialabhängige Struktur und Dynamik molekularer Adschichten an der Grenzfläche zwischen ionischen Flüssigkeiten und Au(111): Eine In-situ-Video-STM-Studie. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201501715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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24
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Wen R, Rahn B, Magnussen OM. Potential-Dependent Adlayer Structure and Dynamics at the Ionic Liquid/Au(111) Interface: A Molecular-Scale In Situ Video-STM Study. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:6062-6. [PMID: 25913869 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201501715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Room-temperature ionic liquids are of great current interest for electrochemical applications in material and energy science. Essential for understanding the electrochemical reactivity of these systems are detailed data on the structure and dynamics of the interfaces between these compounds and metal electrodes, which distinctly differ from those in traditional electrolytes. In situ studies are presented of Au(111) electrodes in 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([BMP][TFSA]) by high-speed scanning tunneling microscopy (video-STM). [BMP][TFSA] is one of the best-understood air and water stable ionic liquids. The measurements provide direct insights into the potential-dependent molecular arrangement and surface dynamics of adsorbed [BMP](+) cations in the innermost layer on the negatively charged Au electrode surface. In particular, two distinct subsequent transitions in the adlayer structure and lateral mobility are observed with decreasing potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wen
- Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics, Kiel University, Olshausenstrasse 40, 24098 Kiel (Germany)
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25
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Roznyatovskaya N, Rupp ABA, Tübke J, Krossing I. Sieving Effects in Electrical Double-Layer Capacitors Based on Neat [Al(hfip)4]−and [NTf2]−Ionic Liquids. ChemElectroChem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201500024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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26
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Vieira L, Schennach R, Gollas B. In situ PM-IRRAS of a glassy carbon electrode/deep eutectic solvent interface. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:12870-80. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp00070j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Firstin situPM-IRRAS studies of a carbon electrode/deep eutectic solvent interface show ad- and desorption of electrolyte components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Vieira
- CEST Competence Centre for Electrochemical Surface Technology GmbH
- 2700 Wiener Neustadt
- Austria
- Institute for Chemistry and Technology of Materials
- Graz University of Technology
| | - Robert Schennach
- Institute of Solid State Physics
- Graz University of Technology
- 8010 Graz
- Austria
| | - Bernhard Gollas
- CEST Competence Centre for Electrochemical Surface Technology GmbH
- 2700 Wiener Neustadt
- Austria
- Institute for Chemistry and Technology of Materials
- Graz University of Technology
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27
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McLean B, Li H, Stefanovic R, Wood RJ, Webber GB, Ueno K, Watanabe M, Warr GG, Page A, Atkin R. Nanostructure of [Li(G4)] TFSI and [Li(G4)] NO3solvate ionic liquids at HOPG and Au(111) electrode interfaces as a function of potential. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:325-33. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp04522j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Atomic force microscopy (AFM) force measurements have been used to study the solvate ionic liquid (IL) double layer nanostructure at highly ordered pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) and Au(111) electrode surfaces as a function of potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben McLean
- Discipline of Chemistry
- The University of Newcastle
- Callaghan
- Australia
| | - Hua Li
- Discipline of Chemistry
- The University of Newcastle
- Callaghan
- Australia
| | - Ryan Stefanovic
- Discipline of Chemistry
- The University of Newcastle
- Callaghan
- Australia
| | - Ross J. Wood
- Discipline of Chemistry
- The University of Newcastle
- Callaghan
- Australia
| | - Grant B. Webber
- Discipline of Chemistry
- The University of Newcastle
- Callaghan
- Australia
| | - Kazuhide Ueno
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology
- Yokohama National University
- Hodogaya-ku
- Japan
| | - Masayoshi Watanabe
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology
- Yokohama National University
- Hodogaya-ku
- Japan
| | | | - Alister Page
- Discipline of Chemistry
- The University of Newcastle
- Callaghan
- Australia
| | - Rob Atkin
- Discipline of Chemistry
- The University of Newcastle
- Callaghan
- Australia
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28
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Borisenko N, Atkin R, Lahiri A, El Abedin SZ, Endres F. Effect of dissolved LiCl on the ionic liquid-Au(111) interface: an in situ STM study. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2014; 26:284111. [PMID: 24919647 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/26/28/284111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The structure of the electrolyte/electrode interface plays a significant role in electrochemical processes. To date, most studies are focusing on understanding the interfacial structure in pure ionic liquids. In this paper in situ scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM) has been employed to elucidate the structure of the charged Au(111)-ionic liquid (1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium tris(pentafluoroethyl)trifluorophosphate, [Py1,4]FAP) interface in the presence of 0.1 M LiCl. The addition of the Li salt to the ionic liquid has a strong influence on the interfacial structure. In the first STM scan in situ measurements reveal that Au(111) undergoes the (22 x √3) 'herringbone' reconstruction in a certain potential regime, and there is strong evidence that the gold surface dissolves at negative electrode potentials in [Py1,4]FAP containing LiCl. Bulk deposition of Li is obtained at -2.9 V in the second STM scan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Borisenko
- Institute of Electrochemistry, Clausthal University of Technology, Arnold-Sommerfeld-Straße 6, D-38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany
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29
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Tułodziecki M, Tarascon JM, Taberna P, Guéry C. Importance of the double layer structure in the electrochemical deposition of Co from soluble Co2+ - based precursors in Ionic Liquid media. Electrochim Acta 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2014.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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30
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In situ STM study of zinc electrodeposition on Au(111) from the ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoromethylsulfonate. J Solid State Electrochem 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-014-2516-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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32
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxim V Fedorov
- Department of Physics, Scottish University Physics Alliance (SUPA), University of Strathclyde , John Anderson Bldg, 107 Rottenrow, Glasgow, G4 0NG United Kingdom
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Kirchner K, Kirchner T, Ivaništšev V, Fedorov M. Electrical double layer in ionic liquids: Structural transitions from multilayer to monolayer structure at the interface. Electrochim Acta 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2013.05.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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34
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Muller EA, Strader ML, Johns JE, Yang A, Caplins BW, Shearer AJ, Suich DE, Harris CB. Femtosecond Electron Solvation at the Ionic Liquid/Metal Electrode Interface. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:10646-53. [DOI: 10.1021/ja3108593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eric A. Muller
- Department of Chemistry, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California,
United States
- Chemical
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California
94720, United States
| | - Matthew L. Strader
- Chemical
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California
94720, United States
| | - James E. Johns
- Department
of Materials Science
and Engineering and Medicine, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Aram Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California,
United States
| | - Benjamin W. Caplins
- Department of Chemistry, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California,
United States
- Chemical
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California
94720, United States
| | - Alex J. Shearer
- Department of Chemistry, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California,
United States
- Chemical
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California
94720, United States
| | - David E. Suich
- Department of Chemistry, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California,
United States
- Chemical
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California
94720, United States
| | - Charles B. Harris
- Department of Chemistry, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California,
United States
- Chemical
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California
94720, United States
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35
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Li H, Endres F, Atkin R. Effect of alkyl chain length and anion species on the interfacial nanostructure of ionic liquids at the Au(111)–ionic liquid interface as a function of potential. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013; 15:14624-33. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp52421c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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