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Antimicrobial TiN-Ag Coatings in Leather Insole for Diabetic Foot. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15062009. [PMID: 35329463 PMCID: PMC8955427 DOI: 10.3390/ma15062009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
This work reports on TiN-Ag antimicrobial coatings deposited by d.c. magnetron sputtering on leather used for insoles on the footwear industry, studies involving the antimicrobial properties of Ag-based functionalized leathers by sputtering techniques are shown. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) results suggested the presence of crystalline fcc-TiN phase for the sample without silver, and also a fcc-Ag phase in the samples containing silver. According to the Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis, the coatings were homogeneous and dispersed Ag clusters were detected on the surface of samples with silver content above 8 at. %. The Inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) analysis showed that the ionization of silver over time depends on the morphology of the coatings. The samples did not present cytotoxicity and only samples with incorporated silver presented antibacterial and antifungal activity, highlighting the potential of the TiN-Ag insole coatings for diseases such as diabetic foot.
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Murastov G, Bogatova E, Brazovskiy K, Amin I, Lipovka A, Dogadina E, Cherepnyov A, Ananyeva A, Plotnikov E, Ryabov V, Rodriguez RD, Sheremet E. Flexible and water-stable graphene-based electrodes for long-term use in bioelectronics. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 166:112426. [PMID: 32750676 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
We present the first demonstration of bioelectrodes made from laser-reduced graphene oxide (rGO) on flexible polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrates that overcome two main issues: using hydrogel on skin interface with standard Ag/AgCl bioelectrodes vs. low signal to noise ratio with capacitance or dry electrodes. Today we develop a dry rGO bioelectrode technology with long-term stability for 100 h in harsh environments and when in contact with skin. Reliability tests in different buffer solutions with pH from 4.8 to 9.2 tested over 24 h showed the robustness of rGO electrodes. In terms of signal to noise ratio, our bioelectrodes performance is comparable to that of commercial ones. The bioelectrodes demonstrate an excellent signal to noise ratio, with a signal match of over 98% with respect to state-of-the-art electrodes used as a benchmark. We attribute the unique stability of our bioelectrodes to the rGO/PET interface modification and composite formation during laser processing used for GO reduction. The rGO/PET composite formation assertion is confirmed by mechanical stripping experiments and visual examination of re-exposed PET. The method developed here is simple, cost-effective, maskless, and can be scaled-up, allowing sustainable manufacture of arbitrary-shaped flexible electrodes for biomedical sensors and wearables.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Murastov
- Tomsk Polytechnic University, Lenina ave. 30, 634034, Tomsk, Russia
| | - E Bogatova
- Tomsk Polytechnic University, Lenina ave. 30, 634034, Tomsk, Russia
| | - K Brazovskiy
- Tomsk Polytechnic University, Lenina ave. 30, 634034, Tomsk, Russia
| | - I Amin
- Van't Hoff Institute of Molecular Science, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098XH, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - A Lipovka
- Tomsk Polytechnic University, Lenina ave. 30, 634034, Tomsk, Russia
| | - E Dogadina
- Tomsk Polytechnic University, Lenina ave. 30, 634034, Tomsk, Russia
| | - A Cherepnyov
- Tomsk Polytechnic University, Lenina ave. 30, 634034, Tomsk, Russia
| | - A Ananyeva
- Tomsk Polytechnic University, Lenina ave. 30, 634034, Tomsk, Russia
| | - E Plotnikov
- Tomsk Polytechnic University, Lenina ave. 30, 634034, Tomsk, Russia
| | - V Ryabov
- Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, 111a Kievskaya Street 634012, Tomsk National Research Tomsk State University, 36 Lenina ave 634050, Siberian State Medical University, 2 Moscovskiy trakt, 634050, Tomsk, Russia
| | - R D Rodriguez
- Tomsk Polytechnic University, Lenina ave. 30, 634034, Tomsk, Russia.
| | - E Sheremet
- Tomsk Polytechnic University, Lenina ave. 30, 634034, Tomsk, Russia.
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Abstract
Magnetron sputtering has been employed for several decades to produce protective and multi-functional coatings, thanks to its versatility and ability to achieve homogeneous layers. Moreover, it is suitable for depositing coatings with very high melting points and that are thermodynamical unstable, which is difficult to accomplish by other techniques. Among these types of coating, transition metal (Me) carbides/nitrides (MeC/N) and amorphous carbon (a-C) films are particularly interesting because of the possibility of tailoring their properties by selecting the correct amount of phase fractions, varying from pure MeN, MeC, MeCN to pure a-C phases. This complex phase mixture can be even enhanced by adding a fourth element such Ag, Pt, W, Ti, Si, etc., allowing the production of materials with a large diversity of properties. The mixture of phases, resulting from the immiscibility of phases, allows increasing the number of applications, since each phase can contribute with a specific property such as hardness, self-lubrication, antibacterial ability, to create a multifunctional material. However, the existence of different phases, their fractions variation, the type of transition metal and/or alloying element, can drastically alter the global electrochemical behaviour of these films, with a strong impact on their stability. Consequently, it is imperative to understand how the main features intrinsic to the production process, as well as induced by Me and/or the alloying element, influence the characteristics and properties of the coatings and how these affect their electrochemical behaviour. Therefore, this review will focus on the fundamental aspects of the electrochemical behaviour of magnetron-sputtered films as well as of the substrate/film assembly. Special emphasis will be given to the influence of simulated body fluids on the electrochemical behaviour of coatings.
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Pedrosa P, Ferreira A, Martin N, Arab Pour Yazdi M, Billard A, Lanceros-Méndez S, Vaz F. Nano-sculptured Janus-like TiAg thin films obliquely deposited by GLAD co-sputtering for temperature sensing. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 29:355706. [PMID: 29889053 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aacba8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Inclined, zigzag and spiral TiAg films were prepared by glancing angle co-deposition, using two distinct Ti and Ag targets with a particle incident angle of 80° and Ag contents ranging from 20 to 75 at%. The effect of increasing Ag incorporation and columnar architecture change on the morphological, structural and electrical properties of the films was investigated. It is shown that inclined columnar features (β = 47°) with high porosity were obtained for 20 at% Ag, with the column angle sharply decreasing (β = 21°) for 50 at% Ag, and steeply increasing afterwards until β = 37° for the film with 75 at% Ag. The sputtered films exhibit a rather well-crystallized structure for Ag contents ≥50 at%, with a TiAg (111) preferential growth. No significant oxidation was detected in all films, except for the one with 20 at% Ag, after two 298-473-298 K temperature cycles in air. The calculated temperature coefficient of resistivity (TCR) values vary between 1.4 and 5.5 × 10-4 K-1. Nano-sculptured spiral films exhibit consistently higher resistivity (ρ = 1.5 × 10-6 Ω m) and TCR values (2.9 × 10-4 K-1) than the inclined one with the same Ag content (ρ = 1.2 × 10-6 Ω m and TCR = 2.0 × 10-4 K-1). No significant changes are observed in the zigzag films concerning these properties. The effective anisotropy A eff at 473 K changes from 1.3 to 1.7 for the inclined films. Spiral films exhibit an almost completely isotropic behavior with A eff = 1.1. Ag-rich TiAg core + shell Janus-like columns were obtained with increasing Ag concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Pedrosa
- Institut FEMTO-ST, UMR 6174 CNRS, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 15B Avenue des Montboucons, F-25030 Besançon Cedex, France. Centro de Física, Universidade do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
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Chaudhry A, Mansoor B, Mungole T, Ayoub G, Field DP. Corrosion mechanism in PVD deposited nano-scale titanium nitride thin film with intercalated titanium for protecting the surface of silicon. Electrochim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2018.01.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Pedrosa P, Machado D, Fiedler P, Vasconcelos B, Alves E, Barradas NP, Martin N, Haueisen J, Vaz F, Fonseca C. Electrochemical characterization of nanostructured Ag:TiN thin films produced by glancing angle deposition on polyurethane substrates for bio-electrode applications. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2016.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Marques SM, Rico P, Carvalho I, Gómez Ribelles JL, Fialho L, Lanceros-Méndez S, Henriques M, Carvalho S. MC3T3-E1 Cell Response to Ti1-xAgx and Ag-TiNx Electrodes Deposited on Piezoelectric Poly(vinylidene fluoride) Substrates for Sensor Applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:4199-207. [PMID: 26840928 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b11922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
In the sensors field, titanium based coatings are being used for the acquisition/application of electrical signals from/to piezoelectric materials. In this particular case, sensors are used to detect dynamic mechanical loads at early stages after intervention of problems associated with prostheses implantation. The aim of this work is to select an adequate electrode for sensor applications capable, in an initial stage to avoid bone cell adhesion, but at a long stage, permit osteointegration and osteoinduction. This work reports on the evaluation of osteoblast MC3T3-E1 cells behavior in terms of proliferation, adhesion and long-term differentiation of two different systems used as sensor electrodes: Ti1-xAgx and Ag-TiNx deposited by d.c. and pulsed magnetron sputtering at room temperature on poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF). The results indicated an improved effect of Ag-TiNx electrodes compared with Ti1-xAgx and TiN, in terms of diminished cell adhesion and proliferation at an initial cell culture stage. Nevertheless, when cell culture time is longer, cells grown onto Ag-TiNx electrodes are capable to proliferate and also differentiate at proper rates, indicating the suitability of this coating for sensor application in prostheses devices. Thus, the Ag-TiNx system was considered the most promising electrode for tissue engineering applications in the design of sensors for prostheses to detect dynamic mechanical loads.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Marques
- GRF-CFUM, Physics Department, University of Minho , 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - P Rico
- Center for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, CBIT, Universitat Politècnica de València , València, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN) , València, Spain
| | - I Carvalho
- GRF-CFUM, Physics Department, University of Minho , 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - J L Gómez Ribelles
- Center for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, CBIT, Universitat Politècnica de València , València, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN) , València, Spain
| | - L Fialho
- GRF-CFUM, Physics Department, University of Minho , 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - S Lanceros-Méndez
- BCMaterials, Parque Científico y Tecnológico de Bizkaia , 48160 Derio, Spain
| | | | - S Carvalho
- GRF-CFUM, Physics Department, University of Minho , 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal
- SEG-CEMUC Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Coimbra , 3030-788 Coimbra, Portugal
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Pedrosa P, Machado D, Fiedler P, Alves E, Barradas N, Haueisen J, Vaz F, Fonseca C. Electrochemical and structural characterization of nanocomposite Agy:TiNx thin films for dry bioelectrodes: the effect of the N/Ti ratio and Ag content. Electrochim Acta 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2014.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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