|
1
|
Deng C, Liu Q, Zhang S, Wang Z, Chen Y, Jian X. Preparation and Properties of Sulfonated Poly(phthalazinone ether ketone) Membranes for Electrodialysis. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14091723. [PMID: 35566892 PMCID: PMC9105782 DOI: 10.3390/polym14091723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Sulfonated poly(phthalazinone ether ketones) (SPPEK) with ion exchange capacities from 0.77 to 1.82 mmol·g−1 are synthesized via an electrophilic substitution reaction. Nuclear magnetic resonance and infrared absorption spectroscopy are used to characterize the chemical structure of the obtained polymers for confirming the successful introduction of sulfonic groups. SPPEKs show excellent thermal stability; their temperature required to achieve 5% weight loss is about 360 °C. Accordingly, the obtained membranes possess high ion perm-selectivity, proton conductivity, and low area resistance. Regarding the electrodialysis-related performance of the membranes, the SPPEK-4 membrane has the highest limiting current density (39.8 mA·cm2), resulting from its high content of sulfonic groups. In a desalination test of standard solution, SPPEK-3 and SPPEK-4 membranes exhibit both better salt removal rate and acceptable energy consumption than commercial membrane. Additionally, SPPEK-3 membrane shows outstanding performance in terms of high concentration rate and low energy consumption during saline water treatment, which indicates the feasibility of novel membranes in electrodialysis application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cong Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China; (C.D.); (Q.L.); (Z.W.); (Y.C.); (X.J.)
| | - Qian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China; (C.D.); (Q.L.); (Z.W.); (Y.C.); (X.J.)
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Membrane Materials and Membrane Processes, High Performance Polymer Engineering Research Center, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Shouhai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China; (C.D.); (Q.L.); (Z.W.); (Y.C.); (X.J.)
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Membrane Materials and Membrane Processes, High Performance Polymer Engineering Research Center, Dalian 116024, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-411-8498-6107
| | - Zhaoqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China; (C.D.); (Q.L.); (Z.W.); (Y.C.); (X.J.)
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Membrane Materials and Membrane Processes, High Performance Polymer Engineering Research Center, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Yuning Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China; (C.D.); (Q.L.); (Z.W.); (Y.C.); (X.J.)
| | - Xigao Jian
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China; (C.D.); (Q.L.); (Z.W.); (Y.C.); (X.J.)
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Membrane Materials and Membrane Processes, High Performance Polymer Engineering Research Center, Dalian 116024, China
| |
Collapse
|
|
2
|
Robb A, Ozden A, Miao RK, O'Brien CP, Xu Y, Gabardo CM, Wang X, Zhao N, García de Arquer FP, Sargent EH, Sinton D. Concentrated Ethanol Electrosynthesis from CO 2 via a Porous Hydrophobic Adlayer. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:4155-4162. [PMID: 35029359 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c21386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical CO2 reduction can convert waste emissions into dense liquid fuels compatible with existing energy infrastructure. High-rate electrocatalytic conversion of CO2 to ethanol has been achieved in membrane electrode assembly (MEA) electrolyzers; however, ethanol produced at the cathode is transported, via electroosmotic drag and diffusion, to the anode, where it is diluted and may be oxidized. The ethanol concentrations that result on both the cathodic and anodic sides are too low to justify the energetic and financial cost of downstream separation. Here, we present a porous catalyst adlayer that facilitates the evaporation of ethanol into the cathode gas stream and reduces the water transport, leading to a recoverable stream of concentrated ethanol. The adlayer is comprised of ethylcellulose-bonded carbon nanoparticles and forms a porous, electrically conductive network on the surface of the copper catalyst that slows the transport of water to the gas channel. We achieve the direct production of an ethanol stream of 12.4 wt %, competitive with the concentration of current industrial ethanol production processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Robb
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Adnan Ozden
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Rui Kai Miao
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Colin P O'Brien
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Yi Xu
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Christine M Gabardo
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Xue Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Nana Zhao
- Energy, Mining & Environment Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, 4250 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1W5, Canada
| | - F Pelayo García de Arquer
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Edward H Sargent
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - David Sinton
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G8, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
|
3
|
Barragán V, Villaluenga J, Izquierdo-Gil M, Kristiansen K. On the electrokinetic characterization of charged polymeric membranes by transversal streaming potential. Electrochim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.138462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
|
4
|
Abstract
In this study, various treatment methods to increase the reactivity of carbon porous electrodes for alkaline alcoholic fuel cells were investigated with commercially available carbon papers to understand the characteristic electrochemical behaviors of the treated carbon electrodes and to find the best method to enhance the cell performance. Effects of thermal treatment, potassium hydroxide (KOH) treatment, N2 doping, and reaction-area control via a multi-layered structure were compared in the cell-based tests, and a huge improvement in the cell performance (i.e., 64% increase of open circuit voltage (OCV) and 320% increase of max power density) was found from the thermal-treated four-layered carbon porous electrode. The results were compared with those from platinum on carbon (Pt/C)-based cells, and a discussion on the direction of research in the future was conducted. The results of this study are expected to provide key guidelines for alcoholic fuel cell (AFC) developers to develop cost-effective AFC with a carbon electrode.
Collapse
|
|
6
|
Graha HPR, Ando S, Miyanishi S, Yamaguchi T. Development of a novel durable aromatic anion exchange membrane using a thermally convertible precursor. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:10820-10823. [PMID: 30101262 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc05371e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We describe a new approach for obtaining high-performance anion exchange membranes by using a thermally convertible precursor. A new insoluble all-aromatic polymer containing anthracene units and benzyl trimethyl ammonium was successfully prepared from a highly soluble precursor polymer. The resulting polymer shows excellent chemical durability and conductivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hafis P R Graha
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
|
9
|
Somovilla P, Villaluenga J, Barragán V, Izquierdo-Gil M. Experimental determination of the streaming potential across cation-exchange membranes with different morphologies. J Memb Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2015.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|